Sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method, system, terminal and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method, system, terminal and storage medium, and belongs to the field of battery safety detection.The method comprises the following steps: collecting the temperature and pressure of the battery by using a temperature and pressure integrated film sensor arranged on the surface or in the interior of the sodium-ion energy storage battery, the temperature and pressure integrated film sensor being integrated with multiple temperature collection units and pressure collection units which are independent of each other; obtaining a preset threshold set; comparing the collected temperature, pressure and temperature and pressure derived parameters calculated from the temperature and pressure with corresponding threshold values in the preset threshold set to determine whether the early warning trigger conditions of different levels are met; and if the early warning trigger conditions of the corresponding level are met, performing the early warning response operation matched with the level.The application realizes thermal runaway early warning through the dual dimensions of battery temperature and pressure, both of which are highly related to the thermal runaway process, can identify early abnormalities in advance, and effectively improves the timeliness of thermal runaway early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery safety testing, and in particular to a method, system, terminal, and storage medium for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Sodium-ion batteries, with their core advantages such as abundant raw material reserves, low cost, and strong environmental adaptability, have become a key technology in the field of large-scale energy storage. They have shown broad application prospects in scenarios such as new energy grid integration, grid peak shaving and frequency regulation, and power supply in remote areas, and are an important energy storage carrier supporting the future energy structure transformation. However, similar to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries still have the risk of thermal runaway during operation. Once thermal runaway occurs, it may lead to serious safety accidents such as battery fire and explosion, posing a great threat to personnel safety and equipment safety.

[0003] Currently, research on thermal runaway early warning in sodium-ion energy storage batteries largely follows the traditional monitoring approach used in lithium-ion batteries, relying primarily on parameters such as temperature, voltage, and gas pressure. However, due to the higher internal resistance and more rapid heat and gas generation kinetics of internal side reactions in sodium-ion energy storage batteries, the abnormal signals generated at the microscopic level in the early stages of thermal runaway often fail to be promptly and clearly reflected in the synchronous changes of the aforementioned macroscopic parameters. Existing methods typically only trigger alarms when irreversible damage has occurred and significant abnormal signs appear, severely missing the optimal window for safety warnings and intervention.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies have shortcomings and need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method, system, terminal and storage medium for early warning of thermal runaway of sodium-ion energy storage batteries, in order to address the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries, the method comprising: A temperature and pressure integrated thin-film sensor is used to collect the temperature and pressure of a sodium-ion energy storage battery by means of a temperature and pressure integrated thin-film sensor that integrates multiple independent temperature acquisition units and pressure acquisition units. Get the preset threshold set; Based on the collected temperature, pressure, and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated from them, the data are compared with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether the early warning triggering conditions for different levels are met. If the warning trigger conditions for the corresponding level are met, then the warning response operation matching that level will be executed.

[0007] In one implementation, the preset threshold set is generated in the following manner: Thermal runaway tests were conducted on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under various operating conditions. The test data were statistically analyzed and screened to obtain various temperature and pressure-related thresholds corresponding to the early stage of thermal runaway, forming the preset threshold set.

[0008] In one embodiment, the generation of the preset threshold set further includes: conducting thermal runaway tests on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under different battery health states and various operating conditions, and generating various temperature and pressure-related thresholds in the early stage of thermal runaway through statistical analysis and screening, forming preset threshold sets corresponding to different battery health states; obtaining the preset threshold set includes: Get the current battery health status; Based on the current battery health status, obtain the corresponding preset threshold set.

[0009] In one implementation, based on the collected temperature, pressure, and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated therefrom, a comparison is made with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether different levels of early warning triggering conditions are met, including: The temperature and pressure derived parameters are calculated based on the temperature and pressure collected in the current collection cycle. The temperature and pressure derived parameters include: the temperature change rate at the corresponding collection location of each temperature collection unit, the pressure change rate at the corresponding collection location of each pressure collection unit, and the total pressure and total pressure change rate obtained by summarizing the data from all pressure collection units. If, within the current acquisition cycle, the temperature at a single point of any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature threshold, or the pressure at a single point of any pressure acquisition unit is greater than the first single-point pressure threshold, or the total pressure is greater than the first total pressure threshold, then the first-level early warning trigger condition is met. If, within the current acquisition cycle, the temperature change rate at the acquisition location corresponding to any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature change rate threshold, or the pressure change rate at the acquisition location corresponding to any pressure acquisition unit is higher than the first single-point pressure change rate threshold, or the total pressure change rate is higher than the first total pressure change rate threshold, then the secondary warning trigger condition is met. If both temperature and pressure conditions are met within the current acquisition cycle, then the three-level early warning trigger condition is met. The temperature condition is that the temperature at a single point of any temperature acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is higher than the second temperature threshold, or the rate of change of temperature at any temperature acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is higher than the second rate of change of temperature threshold. The pressure condition is that the rate of change of total pressure is higher than the second rate of change of total pressure threshold, or the rate of change of pressure at any pressure acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is greater than the second rate of change of single-point pressure threshold.

[0010] In one implementation, if the warning triggering conditions for the corresponding level are met, a warning response operation matching the warning level is executed, including: If the Level 1 warning trigger conditions are met, a prompt for inspection will be sent to the maintenance personnel and the battery will be kept running normally. If the conditions for triggering a Level 2 warning are met, the battery charge / discharge rate will be restricted and fault handling information will be sent to maintenance personnel. If the conditions for triggering a Level 3 warning are met, the connection between the battery and the external circuit will be cut off, the fire protection system will be activated to take protective measures, and an emergency evacuation order will be sent to the relevant personnel.

[0011] In one implementation, after performing an alert response operation matching the alert level, the method further includes: For Level 1 warnings, the Level 1 warning will be automatically lifted once the threshold parameter that triggered the warning returns to the safe range and no parameter exceeds the threshold within a certain number of consecutive collection periods. For Level 2 warnings, the warnings will be manually lifted after maintenance personnel confirm that the battery is operating safely through on-site inspection. For Level 3 warnings, authorized personnel shall manually lift the Level 3 warning after the battery fault is resolved, the safety hazard is eliminated, and the restart conditions are confirmed by testing.

[0012] In one embodiment, the method further includes: If any temperature acquisition unit and / or pressure acquisition unit fails to acquire data or the acquired data is discontinuous during the temperature and pressure acquisition process, an alarm message containing abnormal information and the location of the corresponding sodium-ion energy storage battery module will be pushed to the maintenance personnel.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning system, the system comprising: The data acquisition module is used to collect the temperature and pressure of the battery by using a temperature and pressure integrated thin film sensor deployed on the surface or inside the sodium-ion energy storage battery. The temperature and pressure integrated thin film sensor integrates multiple independent temperature acquisition units and pressure acquisition units. The threshold acquisition module is used to acquire a preset threshold set; The judgment module is used to compare the collected temperature, pressure and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated from them with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether the early warning triggering conditions of different levels are met. The early warning module is used to execute an early warning response operation that matches the corresponding level if the early warning trigger conditions are met.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a terminal, the terminal comprising: a memory, a processor, and a sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method as described above.

[0015] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning program, the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning program being executable to implement the steps of the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method as described above.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes an integrated temperature and pressure thin-film sensor deployed on or inside a sodium-ion energy storage battery to collect the battery's temperature and pressure. The integrated temperature and pressure thin-film sensor integrates multiple independent temperature and pressure acquisition units; it obtains a preset threshold set; based on the collected temperature, pressure, and the temperature and pressure derived parameters calculated from them, it compares them with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether different levels of early warning triggering conditions are met; if the corresponding level of early warning triggering conditions are met, an early warning response operation matching that level is executed. This invention achieves thermal runaway early warning through the dual dimensions of battery temperature and pressure, both of which are highly correlated with the thermal runaway process, enabling early identification of anomalies and effectively improving the timeliness of thermal runaway early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning system of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the terminal principle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Sodium-ion batteries, with their core advantages such as abundant raw material reserves, low cost, and strong environmental adaptability, have become a key technology in the field of large-scale energy storage. They have shown broad application prospects in scenarios such as new energy grid integration, grid peak shaving and frequency regulation, and power supply in remote areas, and are an important energy storage carrier supporting the future energy structure transformation. However, similar to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries still have the risk of thermal runaway during operation. Once thermal runaway occurs, it may lead to serious safety accidents such as battery fire and explosion, posing a great threat to personnel safety and equipment safety.

[0023] Currently, research on thermal runaway early warning in sodium-ion energy storage batteries largely follows the traditional monitoring approach used in lithium-ion batteries, relying primarily on parameters such as temperature, voltage, and gas pressure. However, due to the higher internal resistance and more rapid heat and gas generation kinetics of internal side reactions in sodium-ion energy storage batteries, the abnormal signals generated at the microscopic level in the early stages of thermal runaway often fail to be promptly and clearly reflected in the synchronous changes of the aforementioned macroscopic parameters. Existing methods typically only trigger alarms when irreversible damage has occurred and significant abnormal signs appear, severely missing the optimal window for safety warnings and intervention.

[0024] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries. The method includes: using an integrated temperature and pressure thin-film sensor deployed on or inside the sodium-ion energy storage battery to collect the battery's temperature and pressure; the integrated temperature and pressure thin-film sensor integrating multiple independent temperature and pressure acquisition units; obtaining a preset threshold set; comparing the collected temperature, pressure, and calculated temperature and pressure-derived parameters with corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether different levels of early warning triggering conditions are met; if the corresponding level of early warning triggering conditions are met, executing an early warning response operation matching that level. This invention achieves thermal runaway early warning through a dual dimension of battery temperature and pressure, both of which are highly correlated with the thermal runaway process, enabling early identification of anomalies and effectively improving the timeliness of thermal runaway early warning.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 The sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method according to the embodiments of the present invention includes the following steps: Step S100: Using a temperature and pressure integrated thin-film sensor deployed on or inside the sodium-ion energy storage battery, the temperature and pressure of the battery are collected. The temperature and pressure integrated thin-film sensor integrates multiple independent temperature acquisition units and pressure acquisition units.

[0026] Specifically, the temperature and pressure integrated thin-film sensor can be placed at easily expandable locations on the surface of the sodium-ion energy storage battery, or it can be placed inside the sodium-ion energy storage battery, such as between battery modules, between adjacent individual cells, or between a cell and the inner surface of the battery casing, etc. There are no restrictions here.

[0027] The integrated temperature and pressure thin-film sensor comprises a flexible substrate and several temperature sensing units and pressure sensing units arranged in an array on the flexible substrate. Each temperature sensing unit includes a temperature sensing electrode and a temperature signal transmission line connected to the electrode. Each pressure sensing unit consists of a pressure sensing electrode, a pressure signal transmission line, and a pressure-sensitive membrane. The pressure-sensitive membrane covers the electrode, and pressure detection is achieved by measuring changes in the contact area or electrical parameters (resistance, capacitance, etc.) between the electrode and the pressure-sensitive membrane when pressure is applied. Each temperature sensing unit collects temperature information at its corresponding location; each pressure sensing unit collects pressure information at its corresponding location. The sensing units are arranged in sections within the thin-film sensor, and each outputs its signal independently. The temperature sensing units convert changes in ambient temperature into electrical signals, and the pressure sensing units convert changes in pressure into electrical signals. Both types of signals are output through their respective transmission lines, enabling simultaneous monitoring of the temperature and pressure parameters of the same object.

[0028] In this invention, the integrated temperature and pressure thin-film sensor integrates multi-region distributed temperature and pressure acquisition units. Due to its thin thickness and high sensitivity, it can be directly deployed close to the battery cell or module, accurately capturing minor pressure changes and slight local overheating caused by localized trace gas generation in the early stages of thermal runaway. This effectively provides early warning of thermal runaway, allowing sufficient time for safe intervention. Furthermore, the integrated temperature and pressure thin-film sensor is a flexible thin-film sensor with strong structural adaptability. It can be flexibly deployed on the battery surface or in narrow internal gaps without occupying additional installation space, and it can adapt to battery deformation, resulting in a long service life. The integrated design of the temperature and pressure thin-film sensor reduces the number of sensors and installation steps, lowers integration difficulty and cost, and simplifies the interface with the battery management system.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 The sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method described in this embodiment of the invention further includes the following steps: Step S200: Obtain a set of preset thresholds.

[0030] Specifically, the preset threshold set in this invention is a multi-dimensional threshold system pre-constructed based on the thermal runaway evolution law and safe operation requirements of sodium-ion energy storage batteries. It can provide clear judgment criteria for subsequent abnormal temperature and pressure parameters, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of early warning triggering.

[0031] The preset threshold set can be generated by conducting thermal runaway tests on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under various operating conditions, statistically analyzing and filtering the test data to obtain various temperature and pressure-related thresholds corresponding to the early stage of thermal runaway, thus forming the preset threshold set. Combining the thresholds obtained from tests under multiple operating conditions can cover complex scenarios in practical applications such as charging, discharging, static storage, high-temperature environments, and low-temperature environments, further ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the early warning method throughout its entire lifecycle and operating conditions, providing a more comprehensive and reliable early warning guarantee for the safe use of sodium-ion energy storage batteries.

[0032] Another method for generating the preset threshold set is to conduct thermal runaway tests on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under different battery health states and various operating conditions. Through statistical analysis and screening, various temperature and pressure-related thresholds for the early stages of thermal runaway are generated, forming preset threshold sets corresponding to different battery health states. Different battery health states include State of Health (SOH) below 80%, SOH between 80% and 90%, and SOH above 90%. Since the internal material characteristics, gas production rate, and temperature rise characteristics of batteries differ significantly under different health states, subdividing the SOH into three ranges—below 80%, 80%-90%, and above 90%—and establishing corresponding threshold sets for each range allows the early warning system to adaptively match the current aging level of the battery, achieving accurate early warnings at different stages such as brand new, moderately degraded, and deeply degraded batteries.

[0033] In one implementation, the temperature and pressure threshold set includes: a first temperature threshold, a second temperature threshold, a first single-point pressure threshold, a second single-point pressure threshold, a first temperature change rate threshold, a second temperature change rate threshold, a first total pressure threshold, a second total pressure threshold, a first total pressure change rate threshold, and a second total pressure change rate threshold.

[0034] Specifically, both the first and second temperature thresholds are used to determine whether the temperature at a single point corresponding to the sampling location of each temperature sampling unit is abnormal, and the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold; both the first and second single-point pressure thresholds are used to determine whether the local pressure at the sampling location corresponding to each pressure sampling unit is abnormal, and the first single-point pressure threshold is less than the second single-point pressure threshold; both the first and second total pressure thresholds are used to determine whether the overall internal pressure of the sodium-ion energy storage battery obtained based on the data from all pressure sampling units is abnormal, and the first total pressure threshold is less than the second total pressure threshold. This invention, by setting temperature and pressure thresholds at different levels and dimensions, and coupled with a graded and progressive early warning response strategy, can achieve accurate, early, and stable identification and control of the thermal runaway risk of sodium-ion energy storage batteries.

[0035] Please see Figure 1The sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method described in this embodiment of the invention further includes the following steps: Step S300: Based on the collected temperature, pressure, and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated from them, compare them with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether the early warning triggering conditions of different levels are met.

[0036] Specifically, after collecting temperature and pressure data, the data can be preprocessed, including filtering, noise reduction, and outlier removal. Preprocessing provides reliable data support for subsequent early warning judgments based on temperature and pressure parameters and derived parameters, further improving the reliability, stability, and accuracy of the entire thermal runaway early warning method. This invention uses a multi-dimensional, multi-level progressive judgment logic as its core, combining the characteristics of temperature and pressure anomalies exhibited by sodium-ion energy storage batteries in the early stages of thermal runaway. It divides the early warning into three progressively increasing danger levels: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3, and equips it with a scientific early warning strategy. This enables precise, layered identification and timely control of the thermal runaway risk of sodium-ion energy storage batteries from the early budding and precursor stages to the high-risk critical state.

[0037] In one implementation, the collected temperature, pressure, and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated from them are compared with corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether different levels of early warning triggering conditions are met, including: The temperature and pressure derived parameters are calculated based on the temperature and pressure collected in the current collection cycle. The temperature and pressure derived parameters include: the temperature change rate at the corresponding collection location of each temperature collection unit, the pressure change rate at the corresponding collection location of each pressure collection unit, and the total pressure and total pressure change rate obtained by summarizing the data from all pressure collection units. If, within the current acquisition cycle, the temperature at a single point of any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature threshold, or the pressure at a single point of any pressure acquisition unit is greater than the first single-point pressure threshold, or the total pressure is greater than the first total pressure threshold, then the first-level early warning trigger condition is met. If, within the current acquisition cycle, the temperature change rate at the acquisition location corresponding to any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature change rate threshold, or the pressure change rate at the acquisition location corresponding to any pressure acquisition unit is higher than the first single-point pressure change rate threshold, or the total pressure change rate is higher than the first total pressure change rate threshold, then the secondary warning trigger condition is met. If both temperature and pressure conditions are met within the current acquisition cycle, then the three-level early warning trigger condition is met. The temperature condition is that the temperature at a single point of any temperature acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is higher than the second temperature threshold, or the rate of change of temperature at any temperature acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is higher than the second rate of change of temperature threshold. The pressure condition is that the rate of change of total pressure is higher than the second rate of change of total pressure threshold, or the rate of change of pressure at any pressure acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is greater than the second rate of change of single-point pressure threshold.

[0038] Specifically, the temperature change rate at the corresponding sampling location of each temperature sampling unit refers to the difference between the measured temperature at the corresponding location in the current sampling cycle and the previous sampling cycle, divided by the sampling cycle time interval. This value is used to intuitively reflect how quickly the temperature rises or falls at that location. The pressure change rate at the corresponding sampling location of each pressure sampling unit refers to the difference between the measured pressure at the corresponding location in the current sampling cycle and the previous sampling cycle, divided by the sampling cycle time interval. This value is used to reflect the rate of change of local pressure at that location. The total pressure change rate refers to the difference between the total battery pressure obtained from summing all pressure sampling units in the current sampling cycle and the total battery pressure in the previous sampling cycle, divided by the sampling cycle time interval. This value is used to reflect how quickly the overall internal pressure of the battery changes.

[0039] This invention uses a first-level early warning system to detect minor static anomalies in the early stages of the battery, enabling early detection of potential hazards; a second-level early warning system to detect parameter change trends in the early stages of thermal runaway, preventing the escalation of the fault; and a third-level early warning system to identify high-risk critical states of the battery and promptly initiate emergency protection. These three systems work together to achieve precise control over the thermal runaway risk of sodium-ion energy storage batteries throughout the entire process, effectively improving the reliability of early warnings, avoiding false alarms and missed alarms, and ensuring the safe operation of the battery.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 The sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method described in this embodiment of the invention further includes the following steps: Step S400: If the warning triggering conditions of the corresponding level are met, then execute the warning response operation that matches that level.

[0041] Specifically, if the Level 1 warning trigger condition is met, a prompt for inspection is sent to maintenance personnel while maintaining normal battery operation. If the Level 2 warning trigger condition is met, the battery charge / discharge rate is limited and fault handling information is sent to maintenance personnel. If the Level 3 warning trigger condition is met, the connection between the battery and external circuits is disconnected, the fire suppression system is activated, and an emergency evacuation order is sent to relevant personnel. These three levels of warning response operations correspond to the warning trigger conditions outlined above, employing differentiated measures for different hazard levels, forming a comprehensive control system from early hazard warning and mid-term risk management to late-stage emergency protection. This design effectively improves the practicality and reliability of the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method, ensuring that warning judgments can be translated into concrete safety protection actions, and effectively guaranteeing the safe and stable operation of the sodium-ion energy storage battery throughout its entire lifecycle.

[0042] In one implementation, when performing the early warning response operation, the method further includes synchronously recording early warning-related information and forming an early warning log. The early warning-related information includes the early warning level, trigger time, trigger over-threshold parameters, and the location of the corresponding battery module and cell.

[0043] Specifically, the above methods can completely retain key data throughout the entire early warning process, facilitating subsequent tracing and review of early warning events, and providing data support for battery system fault location, strategy optimization, and safety assessment.

[0044] In one implementation, after executing the warning response operation matching the warning level, the method further includes: For Level 1 warnings, the Level 1 warning will be automatically lifted once the threshold parameter that triggered the warning returns to the safe range and no parameter exceeds the threshold within a certain number of consecutive collection periods. For Level 2 warnings, the warnings will be manually lifted after maintenance personnel confirm that the battery is operating safely through on-site inspection. For Level 3 warnings, authorized personnel shall manually lift the Level 3 warning after the battery fault is resolved, the safety hazard is eliminated, and the restart conditions are confirmed by testing.

[0045] Specifically, Level 1 warnings correspond to minor early-stage battery anomalies without substantial faults or safety risks. The system can automatically determine whether the release conditions are met based on parameter recovery, thus employing an automatic release method. This reduces manual intervention and improves the efficiency of automated system operation in low-risk, minor anomaly scenarios. Level 2 and Level 3 warnings, however, involve potential battery safety hazards or clear fault states. Relying solely on parameter stabilization cannot fully and reliably confirm that the battery and system have recovered to safety. Manual on-site inspection, fault handling, and safety verification are necessary; therefore, manual release is used to avoid potential safety hazards arising from relying solely on automatic parameter assessment. Through this tiered release strategy, the warning release method can be precisely matched to the battery's safety risk level, further enhancing the safety and reliability of thermal runaway warnings for sodium-ion energy storage batteries.

[0046] In one implementation, the method further includes: If any temperature acquisition unit and / or pressure acquisition unit fails to acquire data or the acquired data is discontinuous during the temperature and pressure acquisition process, an alarm message containing abnormal information and the location of the corresponding sodium-ion energy storage battery module will be pushed to the maintenance personnel.

[0047] Specifically, the temperature acquisition unit and pressure acquisition unit are the core data acquisition components for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries. The continuity and completeness of the data they acquire directly determine the accuracy and reliability of the early warning judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the working status of the acquisition unit and the data transmission process in real time.

[0048] When an anomaly occurs where no data is continuously collected or the collected data is intermittent, it mainly corresponds to two core fault scenarios: First, the acquisition unit (i.e., temperature sensor, pressure sensor) itself malfunctions. For example, internal components of the sensor may be damaged, the power supply line may be faulty causing the sensor to fail to power on and work normally, or the signal output port may be faulty. This prevents the sensor from capturing temperature and pressure signals and outputting valid data, ultimately resulting in a continuous lack of data feedback. Second, there may be communication abnormalities. The temperature and pressure data collected by the acquisition unit needs to be transmitted to the main control unit for processing through the communication link. If the communication link has problems such as loose lines, damage, poor contact, or is subject to external electromagnetic interference or abnormal communication protocols, it will lead to data transmission interruption and data frame loss. This will result in discontinuous data collection, missing data, or even the inability to upload the collected data to the main control unit.

[0049] To address the two abnormal situations mentioned above, this implementation method monitors the working status and data transmission status of the acquisition unit in real time. Once an abnormality is detected, an alarm message is immediately pushed to maintenance personnel. The alarm message clearly includes the type of abnormality (no data acquired or data is discontinuous) and the specific location of the sodium-ion energy storage battery module corresponding to the abnormal acquisition unit. This facilitates maintenance personnel in quickly locating the fault point, thereby enabling efficient troubleshooting and repair work. It also avoids monitoring blind spots caused by acquisition abnormalities and ensures the continuity and reliability of temperature and pressure data acquisition.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, based on the above-mentioned method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries, the present invention also provides a corresponding early warning system for thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries, the system comprising: The data acquisition module 100 is used to collect the temperature and pressure of the battery by using a temperature and pressure integrated thin film sensor deployed on the surface or inside the sodium-ion energy storage battery. The temperature and pressure integrated thin film sensor integrates multiple independent temperature acquisition units and pressure acquisition units. Threshold acquisition module 200 is used to acquire a preset threshold set; The judgment module 300 is used to compare the collected temperature, pressure and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated therefrom with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether the early warning triggering conditions of different levels are met. The early warning module 400 is used to execute an early warning response operation that matches the corresponding level if the early warning triggering conditions are met.

[0051] In one embodiment, the system further includes: The first preset threshold set generation unit is used to conduct thermal runaway tests on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under various operating conditions, statistically analyze and filter the test data, obtain various temperature and pressure related thresholds corresponding to the early stage of thermal runaway, and form the preset threshold set.

[0052] In one embodiment, the generation of the preset threshold set further includes: conducting thermal runaway tests on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under different battery health states and various operating conditions, and generating various temperature and pressure-related thresholds in the early stage of thermal runaway through statistical analysis and screening, forming preset threshold sets corresponding to different battery health states; the threshold acquisition module includes: A health status acquisition unit is used to acquire the current battery health status; The threshold acquisition unit is used to acquire the corresponding preset threshold set based on the current battery health status.

[0053] In one embodiment, the determining module includes: The calculation unit is used to calculate temperature and pressure derived parameters based on the temperature and pressure collected in the current acquisition cycle. The temperature and pressure derived parameters include: the temperature change rate of each temperature acquisition unit, the pressure change rate of each pressure acquisition unit, and the total battery pressure and total pressure change rate obtained by summarizing the data from all pressure acquisition units. The first judgment unit is used to determine if, within the current acquisition cycle, the single-point temperature of any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature threshold, or the single-point pressure of any pressure acquisition unit is greater than the first single-point pressure threshold, or the total pressure is greater than the first total pressure threshold, then the first-level early warning trigger condition is met. The second judgment unit is used to satisfy the secondary early warning triggering condition if, within the current acquisition cycle, the temperature change rate of any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature change rate threshold, or the pressure change rate of any pressure acquisition unit is higher than the first single-point pressure change rate threshold, or the total pressure change rate is higher than the first total pressure change rate threshold. The third judgment unit is used to satisfy the three-level early warning trigger condition if both temperature and pressure conditions are met in the current acquisition cycle. The temperature condition is that the single-point temperature of any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the second temperature threshold, or the temperature change rate of any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the second temperature change rate threshold. The pressure condition is that the total pressure change rate is higher than the second total pressure change rate threshold, or the pressure change rate of any pressure acquisition unit is greater than the second single-point pressure change rate threshold.

[0054] In one embodiment, the early warning module includes: The Level 1 warning module is used to push a prompt for inspection to maintenance personnel and keep the battery running normally if the Level 1 warning trigger conditions are met. The secondary warning unit is used to limit the battery charge / discharge rate and push fault handling information to maintenance personnel if the secondary warning triggering conditions are met. The Level 3 early warning unit is used to disconnect the battery from the external circuit, activate the fire protection system and send emergency evacuation instructions to relevant personnel if the Level 3 early warning triggering conditions are met.

[0055] In one embodiment, the system further includes: The Level 1 warning cancellation unit is used to automatically cancel the Level 1 warning after the threshold parameter that triggered the warning returns to the safe range and no parameter exceeds the threshold within a certain number of consecutive collection cycles. The Level 2 Warning Cancellation Unit is used to manually cancel the Level 2 warning after maintenance personnel have confirmed the battery is operating safely through on-site inspection. The Level 3 warning cancellation unit is used by authorized personnel to manually cancel the Level 3 warning after the battery fault has been resolved, the safety hazard has been eliminated, and the restart conditions have been confirmed by testing.

[0056] In one embodiment, the system further includes: The alarm unit is used to send alarm information containing abnormal information and the location of the corresponding sodium-ion energy storage battery module to maintenance personnel if any temperature acquisition unit and / or pressure acquisition unit fails to acquire data continuously or the acquired data is discontinuous during the temperature and pressure acquisition process.

[0057] Based on the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a terminal, the structural schematic diagram of which is as follows: Figure 3 As shown. The terminal includes a processor, memory, network interface, and display screen connected via a device bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a sodium-ion battery thermal runaway warning program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the sodium-ion battery thermal runaway warning program stored in the non-volatile storage medium. The network interface is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the sodium-ion battery thermal runaway warning program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of any of the above-described sodium-ion battery thermal runaway warning methods. The display screen can be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an e-ink display.

[0058] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 3 The structural schematic diagram shown is only a schematic diagram of a part of the structure related to the present invention solution, and does not constitute a limitation on the terminal on which the present invention solution is applied. The specific terminal may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or have different component arrangements.

[0059] In one embodiment, a terminal is provided, the terminal including a memory, a processor, and a sodium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the sodium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of any sodium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0060] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning program. When the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of any sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method provided in this invention.

[0061] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the above device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above device can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0065] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus / terminal devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus / terminal device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, it can be divided in other ways. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be ignored or not executed.

[0066] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not mean that the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviates from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries, characterized in that, include: A temperature and pressure integrated thin-film sensor is used to collect the temperature and pressure of a sodium-ion energy storage battery by means of a temperature and pressure integrated thin-film sensor that integrates multiple independent temperature acquisition units and pressure acquisition units. Get the preset threshold set; Based on the collected temperature, pressure, and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated from them, the data are compared with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether the early warning triggering conditions for different levels are met. If the warning trigger conditions for the corresponding level are met, then the warning response operation matching that level will be executed.

2. The method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset threshold set is generated in the following ways: Thermal runaway tests were conducted on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under various operating conditions. The test data were statistically analyzed and screened to obtain various temperature and pressure-related thresholds corresponding to the early stage of thermal runaway, forming the preset threshold set.

3. The method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for generating the preset threshold set further includes: conducting thermal runaway tests on sodium-ion energy storage batteries under different battery health states and various operating conditions, and generating various temperature and pressure-related thresholds in the early stage of thermal runaway through statistical analysis and screening, forming preset threshold sets corresponding to different battery health states; obtaining the preset threshold set includes: Get the current battery health status; Based on the current battery health status, obtain the corresponding preset threshold set.

4. The method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the collected temperature and pressure data, and the temperature and pressure derived parameters calculated from them, a comparison is made with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether different levels of early warning triggering conditions are met, including: The temperature and pressure derived parameters are calculated based on the temperature and pressure collected in the current collection cycle. The temperature and pressure derived parameters include: the temperature change rate at the corresponding collection location of each temperature collection unit, the pressure change rate at the corresponding collection location of each pressure collection unit, and the total pressure and the total pressure change rate obtained by summarizing the data of all pressure collection units. If, within the current acquisition cycle, the temperature at a single point of any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature threshold, or the pressure at a single point of any pressure acquisition unit is greater than the first single-point pressure threshold, or the total pressure is greater than the first total pressure threshold, then the first-level early warning trigger condition is met. If, within the current acquisition cycle, the temperature change rate at the acquisition location corresponding to any temperature acquisition unit is higher than the first temperature change rate threshold, or the pressure change rate at the acquisition location corresponding to any pressure acquisition unit is higher than the first single-point pressure change rate threshold, or the total pressure change rate is higher than the first total pressure change rate threshold, then the secondary warning trigger condition is met. If both temperature and pressure conditions are met within the current acquisition cycle, then the three-level early warning trigger condition is met. The temperature condition is that the temperature at a single point of any temperature acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is higher than the second temperature threshold, or the rate of change of temperature at any temperature acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is higher than the second rate of change of temperature threshold. The pressure condition is that the rate of change of total pressure is higher than the second rate of change of total pressure threshold, or the rate of change of pressure at any pressure acquisition unit at the corresponding acquisition location is greater than the second rate of change of single-point pressure threshold.

5. The method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the warning trigger conditions for the corresponding level are met, then the warning response operation matching that warning level will be executed, including: If the Level 1 warning trigger conditions are met, a prompt for inspection will be sent to the maintenance personnel and the battery will be kept running normally. If the conditions for triggering a Level 2 warning are met, the battery charge / discharge rate will be restricted and fault handling information will be sent to maintenance personnel. If the conditions for triggering a Level 3 warning are met, the connection between the battery and the external circuit will be cut off, the fire protection system will be activated to take protective measures, and an emergency evacuation order will be sent to the relevant personnel.

6. The method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that, After executing the warning response actions matching this warning level, the following are also included: For Level 1 warnings, the Level 1 warning will be automatically lifted once the threshold parameter that triggered the warning returns to the safe range and no parameter exceeds the threshold within a certain number of consecutive collection periods. For Level 2 warnings, the warnings will be manually lifted after maintenance personnel confirm the battery is operating safely on-site. For Level 3 warnings, authorized personnel shall manually lift the Level 3 warning after the battery fault is resolved, the safety hazard is eliminated, and the restart conditions are confirmed by testing.

7. The method for early warning of thermal runaway in sodium-ion energy storage batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: If any temperature acquisition unit and / or pressure acquisition unit fails to acquire data or the acquired data is discontinuous during the temperature and pressure acquisition process, an alarm message containing abnormal information and the location of the corresponding sodium-ion energy storage battery module will be pushed to the maintenance personnel.

8. A thermal runaway early warning system for sodium-ion energy storage batteries, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect the temperature and pressure of the battery by using a temperature and pressure integrated thin film sensor deployed on the surface or inside the sodium-ion energy storage battery. The temperature and pressure integrated thin film sensor integrates multiple independent temperature acquisition units and pressure acquisition units. The threshold acquisition module is used to acquire a preset threshold set; The judgment module is used to compare the collected temperature, pressure and temperature-pressure derived parameters calculated from them with the corresponding thresholds in the preset threshold set to determine whether the early warning triggering conditions of different levels are met. The early warning module is used to execute an early warning response operation that matches the corresponding level if the early warning trigger conditions are met.

9. A terminal, characterized in that, The terminal includes: a memory, a processor, and a sodium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the sodium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the sodium-ion battery thermal runaway early warning method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the sodium-ion energy storage battery thermal runaway early warning method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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