Photovoltaic energy storage system and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic energy storage system and a control method thereof. The connection relationship among a photovoltaic input unit, a primary power router, an MPPT matrix, an energy storage unit, a secondary power router, a load unit and a control unit is constructed, so that each photovoltaic panel has a connection relationship with each battery and each battery has a connection relationship with each load device. The control unit controls the working state of the primary power router, the MPPT matrix and the secondary power router according to the working parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, the energy storage unit and the load unit, the environmental parameters and the charging strategy, so as to control the connection relationship among at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, the energy storage unit and the load unit, thereby ensuring the working stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system in a high-cold and high-altitude area, improving the light energy and electric energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic energy storage system, and improving the energy storage effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic energy storage technology, specifically to a photovoltaic energy storage system and its control method, which is suitable for power supply in extreme environments such as high altitude and cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude and cold regions (such as high mountains and glacier areas) are prone to geological disasters such as ice and rock collapses, avalanches, and glacial lake outbursts. It is necessary to deploy video surveillance, vibration monitoring equipment, meteorological equipment, etc. for real-time monitoring, and transmit the monitoring data to a remote platform through satellite transmission and other transmission technologies.

[0003] Due to the extreme environment of high-altitude and cold regions, existing photovoltaic energy storage systems that power geological disaster monitoring equipment generally suffer from drawbacks such as waste of solar and electrical energy, poor energy storage effect, and unstable working status. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application proposes a photovoltaic energy storage system and its control method to solve the problems of light and electrical energy waste, poor energy storage effect and unstable operation of existing photovoltaic energy storage systems in environments such as high altitude and cold regions.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic energy storage system, including: a photovoltaic input unit, a primary power router, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) matrix, an energy storage unit, a secondary power router, a load unit, and a control unit, wherein: The photovoltaic input unit includes M photovoltaic panels; the energy storage unit includes N batteries; and the load unit includes K load devices. The MPPT matrix includes M MPPT units arranged sequentially in the first direction and N MPPT units arranged sequentially in the second direction. In the first direction, the M MPPT units in each row are connected to one energy storage unit, and the N MPPT units in each column in the second direction are connected to one photovoltaic input unit. The primary power router is used to control the connection between the photovoltaic input unit and the MPPT matrix. Each photovoltaic panel in the M-channel photovoltaic panel is connected to the N-channel batteries in the energy storage unit through the primary power router, the MPPT matrix, and the energy storage unit. The secondary power router is used to control the connection between the energy storage unit and the load unit. Each of the N batteries in the energy storage unit is connected to the K load devices in the load unit through the secondary power router. The control unit is used to control the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit by controlling the working status of the primary power router, MPPT matrix, and secondary power router based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the primary power router includes M first independent power routing branches, each first independent power routing branch includes N first controllable switches, the input terminals of the N first controllable switches are connected to a photovoltaic input unit corresponding to the first independent power routing branch, and the output terminals of the N first controllable switches are respectively connected to N MPPT units in a column of MPPT units in the second direction of the MPPT matrix corresponding to the first independent power routing branch. In conjunction with the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the secondary power router includes N second independent power routing branches, each second independent power routing branch includes K second controllable switches, the input terminals of the K second controllable switches are connected to a battery corresponding to their respective second independent power routing branch, and the output terminals of the K second controllable switches are respectively connected to a load device corresponding to their respective second independent power routing branch.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the secondary power router is also used to realize the connection between the N batteries in the energy storage unit.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the photovoltaic energy storage system further includes: The first isolation interface group is located between the photovoltaic input unit and the first-level power router. The interfaces in the first isolation interface group are correspondingly set with the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic input unit, and the interfaces in the first isolation interface group are electrically isolated from each other. The second isolation interface group is located between the MPPT matrix and the energy storage unit. The interfaces in the second isolation interface group are correspondingly set with the batteries in the energy storage unit, and the interfaces in the second isolation interface group are electrically isolated from each other.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the control unit includes a data acquisition module for acquiring operating parameters and environmental parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit: The operating parameters of the photovoltaic input unit include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: real-time power of the photovoltaic panel, input voltage, current, and operating status, which includes whether the photovoltaic panel is normal, damaged, or shaded. The operating parameters of the energy storage unit include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: battery priority, remaining capacity, terminal voltage, capacity, power consumption rate, charging rate, and operating status. The operating parameters of the load unit include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: real-time power consumption, cycle power consumption, matching priority with the battery, and operating status of each load. Environmental parameters include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: ambient temperature and light intensity.

[0010] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic energy storage system control method, applied to the photovoltaic energy storage system provided by the present invention described above; the method includes: Based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies, the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit is controlled by controlling the operating states of the primary power router, MPPT matrix, and secondary power router.

[0011] In conjunction with the second aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the charging strategy includes: Power balancing strategy: The control unit dynamically adjusts the photovoltaic panel access method through a primary power router, controls one or more photovoltaic panels to be connected to the target battery, so that the remaining power value of each battery is maintained at greater than or equal to the first preset value. High-priority protection strategy: When the total photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit is insufficient to maintain the power balance of each battery, priority is given to charging the battery with the highest priority or the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device. The working state of the first-level power router is controlled to allocate the photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit greater than or equal to the second preset value to the battery with the highest priority, and the remaining photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit is allocated to other batteries in sequence according to the priority of the batteries. Extreme emergency power supply strategy: When the photovoltaic input unit is completely interrupted or some photovoltaic panels are damaged, resulting in insufficient charging, the control unit starts cross-battery power supply through the secondary power router, controls the low-priority battery to supply power to the high-priority load, until the photovoltaic power is restored or the remaining power value of the low-priority battery drops to the third preset value.

[0012] In conjunction with the second aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the power balancing utilization strategy specifically includes: Determine whether the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to a first preset value; If the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to the first preset value, the photovoltaic panels are controlled to charge the corresponding batteries according to the default charging route configuration; if the remaining battery power is less than the first preset value, the working status of the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the batteries with remaining power less than the first preset value is obtained. If the photovoltaic panel is damaged, calculate the net charging rate of other batteries, use the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the battery whose net charging rate meets the first preset condition to charge the battery whose remaining power is less than the first preset value, and disconnect the charging route of the damaged photovoltaic panel. If the photovoltaic panel is in a shaded state, calculate the net charging rate of other batteries, and charge the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the batteries with net charging rates that meet the first preset condition and the shaded photovoltaic panels in parallel as batteries with remaining power less than the first preset value. If the photovoltaic panel is working normally, maintain the default charging route configuration.

[0013] In conjunction with the second aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the high-priority protection strategy specifically includes: If the remaining power of each battery in the energy storage system is less than the fourth preset value, the priority of each battery is determined. The photovoltaic panels corresponding to the lowest priority battery and the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the highest priority battery are connected in parallel to charge the highest priority battery. The net charging rate of the highest priority battery is calculated, and it is determined whether the remaining power of the highest priority battery can reach the fourth preset value within a charging cycle. If it is determined that the remaining power of the highest priority battery can reach the fourth preset value within one charging cycle, the current charging route is maintained until the remaining power of the highest priority battery reaches the fourth preset value. If it is determined that the remaining power of the highest priority battery cannot reach the fourth preset value within one charging cycle, the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the lowest priority battery, the second lowest priority battery, and the highest priority battery will be charged in parallel to the highest priority battery.

[0014] In conjunction with the second aspect of the embodiments of this application, in some optional embodiments, the extreme emergency power supply strategy specifically includes: If the remaining power of each battery in the energy storage system is less than the fifth preset value, determine the priority of the load device corresponding to each battery. The battery corresponding to the lowest priority load device is connected in parallel with the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device to supply power to the highest priority load device, and the range of the battery corresponding to the lowest priority load device and the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device after parallel connection is calculated to meet the usage requirements. If the battery life is sufficient for usage needs, maintain the current power supply routing configuration; If the battery life cannot meet the usage requirements, the batteries corresponding to the lowest priority load device, the second lowest priority load device, and the highest priority load device will be charged in parallel to the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following: By constructing a special structural relationship between the photovoltaic input unit, the primary power router, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) matrix, the energy storage unit, the secondary power router, the load unit, and the control unit, each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic input unit is connected to each battery in the energy storage unit through the primary power router and the MPPT matrix. Similarly, each battery in the energy storage unit is connected to each load device in the load unit through the secondary power router. The control unit, based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies, controls the operating states of the primary power router, MPPT matrix, and secondary power router to control the connection relationships between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit. This ensures the stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system in high-altitude and cold regions, improves the utilization rate of solar and electrical energy, and enhances the energy storage effect. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the photovoltaic energy storage system structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the photovoltaic energy storage system structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the photovoltaic energy storage system structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of a photovoltaic energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0018] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0019] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0020] The structure of the photovoltaic energy storage system provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic energy storage system structure may specifically include: a photovoltaic input unit 01, a primary power router 02, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) matrix 03, an energy storage unit 04, a secondary power router 05, a load unit 06, and a control unit 07. Wherein: The photovoltaic input unit 01 may specifically include M photovoltaic panels, the energy storage unit 04 may specifically include N batteries, and the load unit 06 includes K load devices. In this embodiment of the invention, M, N, and K can all be positive integers such as 1, 2, and 3.

[0022] The primary power router 02 can be used to control the connection between the photovoltaic input unit 01 and the MPPT matrix 03. Each photovoltaic panel in the M-channel photovoltaic panel is connected to the N-channel batteries included in the energy storage unit 04 through the primary power router 02 and the MPPT matrix 03.

[0023] MPPT matrix 03 includes the first direction (e.g., Figure 2 The horizontal direction shown is... Figure 2 (Taking a photovoltaic energy storage system including four photovoltaic panels, four batteries, and four load devices as an example) M MPPT units arranged sequentially and in the second direction (e.g., Figure 2 The N MPPT units (shown vertically) are arranged sequentially. In the MPPT matrix 03, the M MPPT units in each row of the first direction are connected to one energy storage unit, and the N MPPT units in each column of the second direction are connected to one photovoltaic input unit.

[0024] The secondary power router 05 is used to control the connection between the energy storage unit 04 and the load unit 06. Each of the N batteries in the energy storage unit 04 is connected to the K load devices in the load unit 07 through the secondary power router 05.

[0025] The control unit 07 is used to control the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, and load unit 06 by controlling the working state of the primary power router 02, MPPT matrix 03, and secondary power router 05, based on the working parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, and load unit 06, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies.

[0026] The photovoltaic energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention constructs a special structural relationship between the photovoltaic input unit 01, the primary power router 02, the MPPT matrix 03, the energy storage unit 04, the secondary power router 05, the load unit 06, and the control unit 07. This ensures that each photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic input unit 01 is connected to each battery in the energy storage unit 04 via the primary power router 02 and the MPPT matrix 03, and that each battery in the energy storage unit 04 is connected to each load device in the load unit 06 via the secondary power router. Thus, when any device in the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, or load unit 06 experiences an operating state that does not meet preset requirements, such as a solar panel malfunction, the system can provide a connection. If the photovoltaic output power is insufficient or damaged, the remaining battery power is too high or too low, or the load equipment has insufficient operating power, etc., the control unit 07 can control the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, and load unit 06 based on the current operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, and load unit 06, the current environmental parameters of the system, and the pre-set charging strategy of the photovoltaic energy storage system. This is achieved by controlling the operating status of the primary power router 02, MPPT matrix 03, and secondary power router 05, thereby ensuring the working stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system in high-altitude and cold regions, improving the utilization rate of light and electrical energy of the photovoltaic energy storage system, and enhancing the energy storage effect.

[0027] The photovoltaic energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention supports the mixed connection of photovoltaic panels with different power. The power of each photovoltaic panel in the M-channel photovoltaic panel included in the photovoltaic input unit 01 can be different. The input voltage range of the photovoltaic panel can be 12V~24V, and the maximum input power of a single channel can be 400W. This allows the photovoltaic energy storage system to adapt to scenarios with uneven sunlight and partial shading / damage of photovoltaic panels in high-altitude and cold regions, providing a photovoltaic input-side guarantee for improving the utilization rate of light and electrical energy and the energy storage effect of the photovoltaic energy storage system.

[0028] The photovoltaic energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention also supports the mixed connection of batteries with different capacities. The capacity of each battery in the N-channel storage unit 04 can be different, with an output voltage range of 12V~14.1V and a maximum single-channel capacity of 400Ah, providing energy storage-side guarantee for improving the utilization rate of light energy and electrical energy and the energy storage effect of the photovoltaic energy storage system.

[0029] The N batteries included in the energy storage unit 04 can have different priorities, that is, different batteries have different energy storage priorities, so that the control unit 07 can execute the corresponding control strategy based on the energy storage priority of the batteries.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present invention, the K load devices in the load unit 06 can be configured to correspond to the N batteries included in the energy storage unit 04, and the priority of each battery is matched one by one, so that the control unit 07 can execute the corresponding control strategy based on the power consumption priority of the load devices.

[0031] In one specific embodiment, see Figure 2 The primary power router 02 can specifically include M independent power routing branches. Each independent power routing branch includes N controllable first switches 021. The input terminals of the N controllable first switches 021 are connected to a photovoltaic input unit 01 corresponding to their respective independent power routing branch. The output terminals of the N controllable first switches 021 are respectively connected to N MPPT units in a column of MPPT units in the second direction of the MPPT matrix 03 corresponding to their respective independent power routing branches. The control unit 07 can control the opening and closing states of the N controllable first switches 021 to realize the connection between the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic input unit 01 and the corresponding battery in the energy storage unit 04, thereby achieving flexible switching of the charging path. The controllable first switches 021 can be solid-state relays or other feasible switching devices, such as Celduc SOM040200.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the MPPT matrix 03 involved in this embodiment of the invention can be composed of M×N independent MPPT units. The M horizontal MPPT units correspond to the energy input of M photovoltaic panels and the energy output of one corresponding battery. The N vertical MPPT units correspond to the energy input of one photovoltaic panel and the energy output of N corresponding batteries. The MPPT unit involved in this embodiment of the invention can support a wide voltage input of 12-24V, and the output voltage can be standardized to 12V~14.1V to adapt to photovoltaic voltage fluctuation scenarios in cold regions. The core chip within the MPPT unit can be a model such as Tracer4210AN.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, see Figure 2The secondary power router 05 includes N independent second power routing branches. Each independent second power routing branch includes K second controllable switches 051. The input terminals of the K second controllable switches 051 are connected to a battery corresponding to their respective independent second power routing branch, and the output terminals of the K second controllable switches 051 are respectively connected to a load device corresponding to their respective independent second power routing branch. The control unit 07 can control the opening and closing states of the K second controllable switches 051 to realize the connection between the battery in the energy storage unit 04 and the corresponding load device in the load unit 06.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the N second independent power routing branches within the secondary power router 05 are interconnected, enabling the secondary power router 05 to connect the N batteries in the energy storage unit 04 and achieve mutual charging between the batteries. For example, based on battery priority, unidirectional power supply across batteries is implemented, ensuring that high-priority batteries are charged first, thereby ensuring uninterrupted power supply to high-priority load devices.

[0035] The secondary power router 05 involved in this embodiment of the invention can realize flexible switching of power transmission paths.

[0036] See Figure 3 In some alternative embodiments, the photovoltaic energy storage system may further include: The first isolation interface group 08 is used to block crosstalk and circulating current between photovoltaic panels, improving the anti-interference capability of the photovoltaic energy storage system under extreme environments. The first isolation interface group 08 is located between the photovoltaic input unit 01 and the primary power router 02. Each interface within the first isolation interface group 08 corresponds one-to-one with a photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic input unit 01. The interfaces within the first isolation interface group 08 are electrically isolated from each other, with an isolation voltage ≥2500VDC. Specifically, the first isolation interface group 08 can use an ISO7740 isolation chip with an isolation voltage of 3000VDC.

[0037] In some alternative embodiments, see Figure 3 The photovoltaic energy storage system may further include: a second isolation interface group 09, used to block crosstalk and circulating current between batteries, ensuring the independence of a single device's power supply. The second isolation interface group 09 is located between the MPPT matrix 03 and the energy storage unit 04. The interfaces within the second isolation interface group 09 correspond to the batteries in the energy storage unit 04, and the interfaces within the second isolation interface group 09 are electrically isolated from each other, with an isolation voltage ≥2500VDC.

[0038] The photovoltaic energy storage system may also include: a reverse current protection device to block the current reverse flow path and avoid reverse current faults caused by dynamic routing. The reverse current protection device (not shown in the attached diagram) is located at at least one of the following positions, including but not limited to: between the photovoltaic input unit 01 and the first power router 02, between the first power router 02 and the MPPT matrix 03, between the MPPT matrix 03 and the energy storage unit 04, and between the energy storage unit 04 and the second power router 05. Specifically, the reverse current protection device can be a reverse current protection diode, such as the MBR3060PT, with a rated current of 30A and a reverse withstand voltage of 60V.

[0039] The control unit 07 may specifically include a data acquisition module for acquiring the operating parameters and environmental parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, and load unit 06.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the operating parameters of the photovoltaic input unit 01 include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: real-time power of the photovoltaic panel, input voltage, current, and operating status. The operating status may specifically include the photovoltaic panel being normal, damaged, or shaded. The operating parameters of the energy storage unit 04 include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: battery priority, remaining power, terminal voltage, capacity, power consumption rate, charging speed, and operating status; The operating parameters of load unit 06 include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following parameters: real-time power consumption, cycle power consumption, matching priority with the battery, and operating status of each load. Environmental parameters include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: ambient temperature and light intensity.

[0041] The power supply strategies involved in the embodiments of this invention may specifically include: a balanced power utilization strategy, a high-priority power supply guarantee strategy, and an emergency dispatch strategy. Specifically, the design can be based on the structural features of the photovoltaic energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this invention.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, the photovoltaic energy storage system may further include: Wide-temperature protection module (not shown in the attached diagram): This module provides low-temperature insulation and high-temperature heat dissipation for the aforementioned units, adapting to extreme ambient temperatures ranging from -40℃ to +60℃ in high-altitude and frigid regions. Specifically, the wide-temperature protection module can employ a combination of a low-temperature heating element and a cooling fan. Heating is activated when the ambient temperature is ≤-20℃, and heat dissipation is activated when the temperature is ≥50℃, preventing condensation and performance degradation. The low-temperature heating element can be of model XH MF100, and the cooling fan can be of model Delta AFB0624HHB IP65. It works in conjunction with the core control unit to achieve automatic temperature control.

[0043] based on Figure 3The photovoltaic energy storage system provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a full-link architecture of "photovoltaic input - isolation and protection - power routing - MPPT matrix conversion - isolation and protection - battery energy storage - power routing - load power supply", and has the following structural design features: Heterogeneous adaptation design: Supports the mixed connection of M photovoltaic panels with different power and N batteries with different capacity to cope with uneven lighting and different power supply needs of equipment; Full-link isolation protection design: The photovoltaic side and battery side interface groups are isolated from each other, and with the anti-reverse diodes of the two-stage power router, the circulating current and reverse current are completely eliminated, improving the reliability in extreme environments; Wide temperature range design: Equipped with a wide temperature protection module and low temperature adaptation algorithm to ensure stable operation in environments ranging from -40℃ to +85℃; Hierarchical power routing design: The first-level router controls the photovoltaic charging path to improve the utilization rate of solar energy and solve the problem of power waste; the second-level router controls the battery power supply path to achieve optimized power supply scheduling, improve energy storage effect and power utilization rate; The three-level charging strategy design: the first level balances power utilization, the second level ensures high-priority power supply, and the third level realizes emergency dispatch, solving the pain points of traditional solutions in a progressive manner.

[0044] Based on the above design features, the photovoltaic energy storage system provided in this application can achieve the following technical effects: Significantly improved power efficiency: Photovoltaic power is dynamically allocated through a primary power router, avoiding power waste in some power supply systems and insufficient charging in others; High power supply reliability: Supports redundant power supply in scenarios where some photovoltaic panels are damaged / shaded, and works with cross-battery emergency dispatch to ensure power supply for core equipment such as satellite antennas; Strong adaptability to extreme environments: Wide temperature protection module and low temperature adaptation algorithm, adaptable to environments from -40℃ to +85℃, avoiding low temperature damage to batteries and equipment condensation failures; Low maintenance cost: The system has the ability to adapt to faults, eliminating the need for frequent manual maintenance and making it suitable for low-maintenance needs in high-altitude and cold regions. Comprehensive safety protection: Full-link isolation + anti-reverse diode design completely eliminates circulating current and reverse current, improving the system's operational safety in extreme environments.

[0045] The following is an appendix Figure 2 , 3 Taking the specific structural features of the photovoltaic energy storage system shown as an example, the composition of the photovoltaic energy storage system provided by the present invention will be described in detail: Photovoltaic input unit 01: Four photovoltaic panels with different power specifications (12V / 100W, 12V / 200W, 24V / 300W, 24V / 400W) are selected and connected to the isolation interfaces in the four first isolation interface groups 08 respectively to adapt to uneven lighting scenarios in high-altitude and cold regions. First isolation interface group 08: It is equipped with 4 isolation interfaces, which can be equipped with ISO7740 isolation chips with an isolation voltage of 2500V DC, to achieve pairwise isolation within the interface group; Level 1 Power Router 02: The switch is Celduc SOM040200 (wide temperature range -25℃~+90℃), which includes four first independent power routing branches. Each first independent power routing branch is equipped with four first controllable switches 021. The output terminals of the four first controllable switches 021 are respectively connected to the four MPPT units in the corresponding column of the MPPT matrix. MPPT Matrix: 16 MPPT units form a 4 x 4 matrix. The core chip of each MPPT unit is Tracer4210AN, which supports 12-24V input, 12-14.1V output, tracking accuracy ≥99%, and adapts to photovoltaic voltage fluctuations. Energy storage unit 04: includes four batteries of different capacities (400Ah, 300Ah, 200Ah, 100Ah), prioritized as follows: 400Ah (corresponding to satellite antenna equipment) > 300Ah (corresponding to video surveillance equipment) > 200Ah (corresponding to vibration monitoring equipment) > 100Ah (corresponding to meteorological equipment). It uses low-temperature resistant lead-acid batteries and is suitable for low-temperature environments of -40℃. Secondary power router 05: includes four secondary independent power routing branches, configured with the same model of secondary controllable switch 051 and anti-reverse diode as primary power router 02, and the four secondary independent power routing branches are respectively connected to four monitoring devices, i.e. load devices; Control Unit 07: Uses STM32H743 chip, with built-in CAN bus communication module, operating temperature -40℃~+85℃, and acquires system status parameters through acquisition module.

[0046] Figure 3 The specific working process of the photovoltaic energy storage system shown is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it can specifically include: (1) Normal operating conditions (sufficient photovoltaic power, ambient temperature -20℃ to +50℃): The control unit 07 determines the normal operating condition based on the photovoltaic status monitoring parameters and executes the first-level charging strategy, i.e., strategy 1. Through the first-level power router 02, it controls four photovoltaic panels to simultaneously connect to the 4×4 MPPT matrix 03, with 16 MPPT units working synchronously to provide balanced charging for the four batteries. It monitors the SOC of each battery in real time; when the SOC of a battery falls below 10% of the average, it adjusts the conduction state of the corresponding photovoltaic switch to increase charging power, maintain power balance, and avoid energy waste.

[0047] (2) Photovoltaic panel obstruction / damage (one or more photovoltaic panels are obstructed by snow or physically damaged): When the control unit 07 detects through the acquisition module that the power of the photovoltaic panel in this circuit does not meet the preset requirements, such as being 0, it determines that it is in a fault state, such as the photovoltaic panel being blocked or the photovoltaic panel being damaged.

[0048] If the photovoltaic panel is in a shading or damaged state, the system switches to the fourth-level charging strategy, immediately disconnects the corresponding switch, and distributes its associated 4 MPPT units to the other 3 normal photovoltaic panels (each photovoltaic panel is connected to an additional 1-2 MPPT units), ensuring that the corresponding battery is not interrupted in charging. Fault self-adaptation can be achieved without manual intervention.

[0049] (3) Insufficient photovoltaic power (reduced sunlight, ambient temperature -25℃ to +20℃): If the control unit 07 determines, based on photovoltaic status monitoring parameters, that the photovoltaic panel is still experiencing insufficient photovoltaic power even when it is neither obstructed nor damaged, it switches to the second-level charging strategy. The control unit 07 allocates 60% of the photovoltaic power to the 400Ah high-capacity battery (powered by the satellite antenna), ensuring its SOC is ≥30% (low-temperature adaptation threshold). The remaining 40% of the power is allocated according to the priority order: 300Ah battery → 200Ah battery → 100Ah battery. At this time, the primary power router 02 controls the switches corresponding to high-priority batteries to be turned on first, and low-priority batteries are only supplemented with charging when the SOC of high-priority batteries is ≥80%.

[0050] (4) Extreme operating conditions (continuous cloudy and snowy days, ambient temperature ≤ -25℃): Control unit 07 determines, based on monitoring parameters, that the insufficient photovoltaic power is due to extreme operating conditions. Control unit 07 then checks the battery-side status parameters and initiates the third-level charging strategy. Control unit 07 controls the 100Ah battery (weather equipment) to supply power to the satellite antenna via the secondary power router. When the battery's SOC drops to 30%, the power supply switches to the 200Ah battery (vibration monitoring equipment), and so on. Simultaneously, the wide-temperature protection module activates its heating function to maintain the battery temperature at least -20°C to prevent low-temperature damage. This process continues until the photovoltaic power recovers or only 400Ah battery remains (SOC ≥ 30%), at which point cross-battery power supply and heating cease.

[0051] In actual operation, the anti-reverse diodes block the reverse current path from the MPPT matrix 02 to the photovoltaic panel, preventing short circuits caused by condensation; the anti-reverse diodes also block the reverse current path from the load to the battery, ensuring unidirectional power supply; and the isolation interface group between the photovoltaic side and the battery side blocks the circulating current between different photovoltaic panels and different batteries, ensuring independent and safe operation of each unit under extreme conditions.

[0052] The photovoltaic energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention controls the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies. This ensures the stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system in high-altitude and cold regions, improves the utilization rate of light and electrical energy, and enhances the energy storage effect.

[0053] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic energy storage system control method, applied to the photovoltaic energy storage system provided by the present invention described above; the method includes: Based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, and load unit 06, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies, the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit 01, energy storage unit 04, and load unit 06 is controlled by controlling the operating states of the primary power router 02, MPPT matrix 03, and secondary power router 05.

[0054] In some alternative embodiments, the method further includes: First-level charging strategy (power balancing utilization level): The control unit dynamically adjusts the photovoltaic panel access method through the first-level power router, controlling one or more photovoltaic panels to be connected to the target battery, so that the remaining power value of each battery is maintained at a value greater than or equal to a first preset value, such as 80%; Second-level charging strategy (high priority guarantee level): When the total photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit is insufficient to maintain the power balance of each battery, priority is given to charging the battery with the highest priority or the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device. The working state of the first-level power router is controlled to allocate the photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit greater than or equal to the second preset value (e.g., 60%) to the battery with the highest priority, and the remaining photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit is allocated to other batteries in sequence according to the priority of the batteries. The third-level charging strategy (extreme emergency power supply level): When the photovoltaic input unit is completely interrupted or some photovoltaic panels are damaged, resulting in insufficient charging, the control unit 07 starts cross-battery power supply through the secondary power router 05, controlling the low-priority battery to supply power to the high-priority load. The power supply sequence is "...→battery corresponding to priority 3 device→battery corresponding to priority 2 device→battery corresponding to priority 1 device", giving priority to ensuring the continuous operation of the highest priority device until the photovoltaic power is restored or the SOC of the low-priority battery drops to the third preset value, such as 20% (to avoid low-temperature performance degradation caused by deep discharge).

[0055] In some alternative embodiments, the power balancing strategy may specifically include: Determine whether the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to a first preset value, such as 80%; If the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to the first preset value, the photovoltaic panels will be controlled to charge the corresponding batteries according to the default charging route configuration. If the remaining power of at least one of the N batteries in the energy storage unit 04 is less than the first preset value, the working status of the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the battery with the remaining power less than the first preset value is obtained. If the photovoltaic panel is damaged, calculate the net charge rate of other batteries (net charge rate C = (charging current value - discharging current value) / t), and use the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the battery whose net charge rate meets the first preset condition (e.g., the net charge rate is positive and the net charge rate is maximum) to charge the battery with a remaining capacity less than the first preset value (i.e., divert the current to that photovoltaic panel), and disconnect the charging route of the damaged photovoltaic panel. Alternatively, the charging route configuration in the current state can be set as the default charging route.

[0056] If the photovoltaic panel is in a shaded state, calculate the net charging rate of other batteries, and charge the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the batteries with net charging rates that meet the first preset condition and the shaded photovoltaic panels in parallel as batteries with remaining power less than the first preset value. If the photovoltaic panel is working normally, maintain the default charging route configuration.

[0057] In addition, another feasible solution is: if the photovoltaic panel is working normally, but the remaining battery power is less than the first preset value, it can be considered that the existing default charging route configuration is unreasonable, such as the power of the photovoltaic panel and the power of the battery not matching. In the future, a reasonable charging route can be reconfigured according to power equivalence or other configuration requirements. Alternatively, the photovoltaic panel that is working normally can be regarded as being shaded. In the future, the charging route can be reconfigured according to the above-mentioned handling principle when the photovoltaic panel is shaded. For example, calculate the net charging rate of other batteries, and combine the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the batteries with net charging rates that meet the first preset condition with the photovoltaic panels regarded as being shaded to charge the batteries with remaining power less than the first preset value.

[0058] In some optional embodiments, the high-priority protection strategy may specifically include: If the remaining power of each battery in the energy storage system is less than the fourth preset value, such as 60%, the priority of each battery is determined. The photovoltaic panels corresponding to the lowest priority battery and the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the highest priority battery are connected in parallel to charge the highest priority battery. The net charging rate of the highest priority battery is calculated, and it is determined whether the remaining power of the highest priority battery can reach the fourth preset value within a charging cycle (e.g., one day of sunshine). If it is determined that the remaining power of the highest priority battery can reach the fourth preset value within one charging cycle, the current charging route configuration will be maintained until the remaining power of the highest priority battery reaches the fourth preset value; after the remaining power of the highest priority battery reaches the fourth preset value, the default charging route configuration can be restored.

[0059] If it is determined that the remaining power of the highest priority battery cannot reach the fourth preset value within one charging cycle, the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the lowest priority battery, the second lowest priority battery, and the highest priority battery will be charged in parallel to the highest priority battery.

[0060] If subsequent assessments determine that the remaining charge of the highest priority battery cannot reach the fourth preset value within one charging cycle, the number of parallel photovoltaic panels can be increased until the requirements are met.

[0061] In some alternative embodiments, the extreme emergency power supply strategy may specifically include: If the remaining power of each battery in the energy storage system is less than the fifth preset value, for example, 40%, determine the priority of the load device corresponding to each battery. Parallelize the battery corresponding to the lowest priority load device with the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device to power the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device, and calculate whether the range of the battery pack after parallelization (range F = remaining battery pack power - battery capacity * 20% - power consumption of the highest priority load device) can meet the usage requirements (e.g., it is necessary to ensure that the highest priority load device corresponding to the highest priority battery can work at full load for a day). If the battery pack's range is sufficient to meet the usage requirements, maintain the current power supply route until the battery pack's remaining charge is less than 20%; If the battery pack's range cannot meet the usage requirements, the batteries corresponding to the lowest priority load device, the second lowest priority load device, and the highest priority load device will be charged in parallel to the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device.

[0062] The photovoltaic energy storage system control method provided in this embodiment of the invention controls the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies. This ensures the stability of the photovoltaic energy storage system in high-altitude and cold regions, improves the utilization rate of light and electrical energy of the photovoltaic energy storage system, and enhances the energy storage effect.

[0063] Based on the above specific embodiments, the present invention aims to solve the problems of lack of priority protection measures for key equipment in traditional multi-device single power supply systems in high-altitude and cold geological disaster monitoring scenarios, as well as the problems of energy waste, low reliability, and high maintenance costs in single-device single power supply systems. The invention provides a photovoltaic energy storage system and control method that supports multi-path heterogeneous photovoltaic / battery hybrid connection, dynamic power scheduling, and extreme environment adaptation, ensuring the continuous operation of the monitoring system's communication and core monitoring functions.

[0064] This application also provides an electronic device, including a processor, storage, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described photovoltaic energy storage system control method and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0065] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the various processes of the above-described photovoltaic energy storage system control method embodiments and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here. The computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0066] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0067] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0068] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic energy storage system, characterized in that, It includes a photovoltaic input unit, a primary power router, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) matrix, an energy storage unit, a secondary power router, a load unit, and a control unit, wherein: The photovoltaic input unit includes M photovoltaic panels; The energy storage unit includes N batteries; The load unit includes K-channel load devices; The MPPT matrix includes M MPPT units arranged sequentially in a first direction and N MPPT units arranged sequentially in a second direction. In the first direction, the M MPPT units in each row are connected to one energy storage unit, and the N MPPT units in each column in the second direction are connected to one photovoltaic input unit. The primary power router is used to control the connection relationship between the photovoltaic input unit and the MPPT matrix. Each photovoltaic panel in the M-channel photovoltaic panel is connected to the N-channel batteries included in the energy storage unit through the primary power router, the MPPT matrix, and the M-channel photovoltaic input unit. The secondary power router is used to control the connection relationship between the energy storage unit and the load unit. Each of the N batteries is connected to the K load devices included in the load unit through the secondary power router. The control unit is used to control the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit by controlling the working state of the primary power router, the MPPT matrix, and the secondary power router based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, the energy storage unit, and the load unit, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies.

2. The photovoltaic energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-level power router includes M first independent power routing branches. Each first independent power routing branch includes N first controllable switches. The input terminals of the N first controllable switches are connected to a photovoltaic input unit corresponding to the first independent power routing branch. The output terminals of the N first controllable switches are respectively connected to N MPPT units in a column of MPPT units in the second direction of the MPPT matrix corresponding to the first independent power routing branch. The secondary power router includes N second independent power routing branches. Each second independent power routing branch includes K second controllable switches. The input terminals of the K second controllable switches are connected to a battery corresponding to their respective second independent power routing branch. The output terminals of the K second controllable switches are respectively connected to a load device corresponding to their respective second independent power routing branch.

3. The photovoltaic energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary power router is also used to connect the N batteries in the energy storage unit.

4. The photovoltaic energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A first isolation interface group is disposed between the photovoltaic input unit and the first-level power router, and the interfaces in the first isolation interface group are correspondingly disposed with respect to the photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic input unit; The second isolation interface group is disposed between the MPPT matrix and the energy storage unit, and the interfaces in the second isolation interface group are correspondingly disposed with respect to the batteries in the energy storage unit.

5. The photovoltaic energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The control unit includes a data acquisition module for acquiring operating parameters and environmental parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, the energy storage unit, and the load unit. The operating parameters of the photovoltaic input unit include at least one of the following parameters: real-time power of the photovoltaic panel, input voltage, current, and operating status, wherein the operating status includes normal, damaged, or shaded photovoltaic panel. The operating parameters of the energy storage unit include at least one of the following parameters: battery priority, remaining power, terminal voltage, capacity, power consumption rate, charging rate, and operating status. The operating parameters of the load unit include at least one of the following parameters: real-time power consumption, cycle power consumption, matching priority with the battery, and operating status of each load. The environmental parameters include at least one of the following: ambient temperature and light intensity.

6. A control method for a photovoltaic energy storage system, characterized in that, Applied to the photovoltaic energy storage system as described in any one of claims 1-5; the method includes: Based on the operating parameters of at least one of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit, as well as environmental parameters and charging strategies, the connection relationship between at least two of the photovoltaic input unit, energy storage unit, and load unit is controlled by controlling the operating states of the primary power router, MPPT matrix, and secondary power router.

7. The photovoltaic energy storage system control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The charging strategy includes: Power balancing strategy: The control unit dynamically adjusts the photovoltaic panel connection method through a primary power router, controlling one or more photovoltaic panels to connect to the target batteries, so that the remaining power value of each battery is maintained at or above a first preset value; and / or, High-priority protection strategy: When the total photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit is insufficient to maintain the power balance of each battery, priority is given to charging the battery with the highest priority or the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device. The working state of the primary power router is controlled to allocate the photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit greater than or equal to the second preset value to the battery with the highest priority, and the remaining photovoltaic power of the photovoltaic input unit is allocated to other batteries in order of priority; and / or, Extreme emergency power supply strategy: When the photovoltaic input unit is completely interrupted or some photovoltaic panels are damaged, resulting in insufficient charging, the control unit starts cross-battery power supply through the secondary power router, controls the low-priority battery to supply power to the high-priority load, until the photovoltaic power is restored or the remaining power value of the low-priority battery drops to the third preset value.

8. The photovoltaic energy storage system control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power balancing utilization strategy specifically includes: Determine whether the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to a first preset value; If the remaining battery power is greater than or equal to the first preset value, the photovoltaic panels are controlled to charge the corresponding batteries according to the default charging route configuration; if the remaining battery power is less than the first preset value, the working status of the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the batteries with remaining power less than the first preset value is obtained. If the photovoltaic panel is damaged, calculate the net charging rate of other batteries, use the photovoltaic panel corresponding to the battery whose net charging rate meets the first preset condition to charge the battery whose remaining power is less than the first preset value, and disconnect the charging route of the damaged photovoltaic panel. If the photovoltaic panel is in a shaded state, calculate the net charging rate of other batteries, and charge the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the batteries with net charging rates that meet the first preset condition and the shaded photovoltaic panels in parallel as batteries with remaining power less than the first preset value. If the photovoltaic panel is working normally, maintain the default charging route configuration.

9. The photovoltaic energy storage system control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high-priority protection strategy specifically includes: If the remaining power of each battery in the energy storage system is less than the fourth preset value, the priority of each battery is determined. The photovoltaic panels corresponding to the lowest priority battery and the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the highest priority battery are connected in parallel to charge the highest priority battery. The net charging rate of the highest priority battery is calculated, and it is determined whether the remaining power of the highest priority battery can reach the fourth preset value within a charging cycle. If it is determined that the remaining power of the highest priority battery can reach the fourth preset value within one charging cycle, the current charging route is maintained until the remaining power of the highest priority battery reaches the fourth preset value. If it is determined that the remaining power of the highest priority battery cannot reach the fourth preset value within one charging cycle, the photovoltaic panels corresponding to the lowest priority battery, the second lowest priority battery, and the highest priority battery will be charged in parallel to the highest priority battery.

10. The photovoltaic energy storage system control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The extreme emergency power supply strategy specifically includes: If the remaining power of each battery in the energy storage system is less than the fifth preset value, determine the priority of the load device corresponding to each battery. The battery corresponding to the lowest priority load device is connected in parallel with the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device to supply power to the highest priority load device, and the range of the battery corresponding to the lowest priority load device and the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device after parallel connection is calculated to meet the usage requirements. If the battery life is sufficient for usage needs, maintain the current power supply routing configuration; If the battery life cannot meet the usage requirements, the batteries corresponding to the lowest priority load device, the second lowest priority load device, and the highest priority load device will be charged in parallel to the battery corresponding to the highest priority load device.

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