Production method of annual rotation of gastrodia tuber, poria cocos and rice

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of production methods of Gastrodia elata, poria cocos, rice annual rotation, four years are included in a production cycle, comprising the following steps: S1, land preparation;S2, Gastrodia elata planting;S3, Gastrodia elata field management and harvesting;S4, land arrangement;S5, poria cocos planting;S6, poria cocos field management and harvesting;S7, whole field transplanting;S8, rice harvesting: rice is harvested in the fourth year October, after harvesting, field is treated with drainage and airing, and the next round of four-year production cycle is started.The method sequentially plants Gastrodia elata, poria cocos and rice on the same land, organically connects the growth period of the three crops with the soil ecological restoration rhythm, realizes cascade resource utilization of planting waste in the whole production cycle, forms material circulation chain between crops, reduces the use of exogenous agricultural inputs while maintaining soil fertility, and constructs a set of multi-variety coordination, waste closed-loop utilization annual production system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice. Background Technology

[0002] Gastrodia elata is a precious traditional Chinese medicine. Its active ingredient, gastrodin, possesses various pharmacological activities, including sedation, anticonvulsant effects, and improvement of cerebral circulation, and is in high market demand. Poria cocos is a major medicinal and edible fungus in my country, with a long history of traditional cultivation using pine wood as a substrate, and is widely grown in Hubei, Yunnan, Anhui, and other regions. Rice, as one of my country's most important food crops, has long ranked among the world's top in terms of planting area and yield. However, all three crops mentioned above face their own prominent problems in current production practices, hindering the sustainable development of the industry.

[0003] The problem of continuous cropping obstacles in Gastrodia elata cultivation is one of the core bottlenecks restricting the development of the Gastrodia elata industry. The high dependence of Gastrodia elata cultivation on Armillaria mellea prevents it from being planted in the same plot year after year. Armillaria mellea is a facultative parasitic fungus; after harvesting Gastrodia elata, a large amount of Armillaria mellea mycelium remains in the soil, which can infect the roots of other crops in subsequent planting seasons, causing root rot. Simultaneously, sesquiterpenoid allelochemicals produced during Armillaria mellea metabolism accumulate in the soil, leading to an imbalance in the soil microbial community structure, a significant decrease in the number of actinomycetes and beneficial bacteria, and an increase in the proportion of soil-borne pathogens. Current production methods typically use land rotation to circumvent continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in a waste of arable land resources and failing to fundamentally solve the problems of Armillaria mellea residue and soil degradation.

[0004] The high dependence of Poria cocos cultivation on pine wood resources has brought about serious resource and ecological problems. Traditional Poria cocos cultivation uses fresh pine logs as a substrate. The large-scale felling of pine forests has led to soil erosion and a decline in biodiversity. The pine wood residue produced after cultivation is rich in lignin, pine resin terpenes and residual mycelium, with a high C / N ratio. It is difficult to decompose when directly returned to the field, and if it is piled up indiscriminately, it will cause environmental pollution.

[0005] The degradation of paddy field soil quality and dependence on chemical inputs are becoming increasingly prominent issues. Long-term and excessive use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides has led to a decline in soil organic matter content, reduced microbial diversity, and exacerbated soil compaction and acidification. At the same time, the large-scale input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only increases production costs, but their residues also negatively impact rice quality and the agricultural ecological environment.

[0006] The waste Armillaria mellea mycelium produced from Gastrodia elata cultivation possesses the dual characteristics of residual active mycelial cords and abundant organic matter, and its treatment directly affects the safe production of subsequent crops. Existing treatment methods mainly include: direct return to the field (high risk of Armillaria mellea mycelial cord residue), simple composting (long degradation cycle, incomplete inactivation of active mycelial cords), and disposal (causing environmental pollution), all of which have significant drawbacks. Meanwhile, research on the resource utilization of Poria cocos mycelium residue is insufficient. Existing studies mostly focus on simple composting and returning the residue to the field, but Poria cocos pine wood mycelium residue is rich in recalcitrant lignin and terpenes, and under ordinary composting conditions, the decomposition cycle is too long and the degree of decomposition is uneven, potentially causing phytotoxicity to subsequent crops after application.

[0007] Crop rotation is an effective way to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles and restore soil fertility. Reasonable crop rotation can significantly improve the structure and physicochemical properties of soil microbial communities through mechanisms such as altering soil niches, disrupting pathogen life cycles, and regulating soil nutrient cycling. However, most reported crop rotation systems focus on combinations between food crops or between food crops and single medicinal plants. No research has been reported on systematic year-round rotation of Gastrodia elata and Poria cocos, two medicinal fungi with significantly different soil requirements, with rice. How to achieve an orderly transition between Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice on the same plot, and fully leverage their complementary advantages in soil improvement, waste resource utilization, and reduction of chemical inputs, is a technological gap that urgently needs to be addressed in current agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. Dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and sun-drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal materials with Armillaria mellea spawn. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. S3. Field management and harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Shade and cooling, water regulation and integrated pest management are carried out. Gastrodia elata is harvested from mid-October to mid-November of the second year. After harvesting, waste Armillaria mellea fungus is collected. The field is deeply plowed, exposed to the sun and flooded for 5-7 days to maintain a water layer of 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field, turn it into the soil to a depth of 15-20cm, irrigate shallowly until the soil moisture content is 60%, cover with mulch, and carry out soil improvement. After the improvement is completed, remove the mulch, prepare the land and build high ridges, dig drainage ditches between the ridges, and lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges from the end of January to February of the third year, and cover with 5-10cm of soil. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, and maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e. from October to December of the same year; collect pine wood residue after harvesting, and flood irrigate the field for 7-14 days to maintain a water layer of 5-10cm. S7. Field preparation and rice transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field and turned into the tillage layer. In April to May, the field is irrigated and rice seedlings are transplanted. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0010] Preferably, the Gastrodia elata seedlings mentioned in step S2 are black-red hybrid Gastrodia elata.

[0011] Preferably, the specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 is dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized, ground, then soaked in KOH solution, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar; the pretreated biochar is added to ethanol, followed by the addition of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and heated to react. After the reaction is completed, it is filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add γ-polyglutamic acid to MES buffer, then add EDC and NHS, activate at room temperature for 30-40 min, then add aminated biochar, and shake the reaction. After the reaction is complete, filter, wash and dry to obtain modified biochar. Spray the composite bacterial solution onto the modified biochar by spraying, and incubate for adsorption to obtain solid product. Then mix it with oyster mushroom granules and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules to obtain the final product.

[0013] In this invention, waste Armillaria mellea mycelium is used as a precursor for biochar. This mycelium is composed of agricultural waste such as bagasse, sawdust, wheat bran, and corn cobs, and is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The resulting biochar after carbonization has a high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl groups), providing ample surface reaction sites for subsequent KOH activation and silanization. Simultaneously, the metabolic activity in the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium leaves a certain amount of mycelial protein and polysaccharides in the substrate. Carbonization further enriches the density of nitrogen-containing functional groups on the biochar surface, helping to improve the biochar's adsorption affinity for functional microorganisms and enhance its microbial compatibility in soil. Compared with biochar prepared from pure wood materials, biochar prepared from waste Armillaria mellea mycelium has a richer nitrogen-containing functional group content, giving it an advantage as a microbial carrier and achieving high-value utilization of agricultural waste.

[0014] Preferably, the carbonization temperature in step (1) is 450-550℃ and the time is 2-3h; the mass fraction of the KOH solution is 5-10%; the soaking temperature is 60-80℃ and the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of the pretreated biochar to γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 100:10-15; and the heating reaction temperature is 70-75℃ and the time is 4-5h.

[0015] Preferably, in step (2), the pH of the MES buffer is 5.5-6.5, the mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid, EDC, NHS, and aminated biochar is 10-15:3-5:2-3:100, the temperature of the shaking reaction is 20-30℃, and the time is 10-15h; the composite bacterial solution has a concentration of (1~5)×10 8 Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of (2~5)×10 9 The compound bacterial solution is composed of Bacillus belye at CFU / mL, and the volume-to-mass ratio of the compound bacterial solution to the modified biochar is 3-4 mL:1 g. The adsorption incubation temperature is 20-30℃ and the time is 3-4 h. The organic-inorganic composite conditioning particles are granulated from shell powder, wood ash, and diatomaceous earth at a mass ratio of 5:3:2, with a particle size of 2-4 mm. The mass ratio of the solid product, oyster mushroom spawn particles, and organic-inorganic composite conditioning particles is 45-55:15-25:30-40.

[0016] Preferably, the application rate of the compound soil conditioner in step S4 is 200-300 kg / mu, and the soil improvement time is 30-40 days.

[0017] In this invention, the Trichoderma harzianum spores in the composite soil conditioner actively degrade Armillaria mellea mycelial cords during the mulching treatment. After the mulching is completed, as the soil is exposed, the spore activity gradually decreases. By the time Poria cocos is inoculated, the survival rate of Trichoderma harzianum has dropped to a safe level, without affecting the normal germination and colonization of the Poria cocos strain.

[0018] Preferably, the method for preparing the decomposed organic fertilizer in step S7 is as follows: the pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash to obtain a premix, a fermentation agent is added, and composting is carried out to produce decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0019] Preferably, the mass ratio of the pine wood residue to soybean meal and rice husk ash is 10-15:2-3:0.5-1, and the fermentation agent is a compound of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus thermophilus, with an effective viable count of (3-4) × 10⁻⁶ Bacillus subtilis. 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus (1~2) × 10 9 The amount of fermentation agent is 0.5-0.8% of the premixed substance, the moisture content of the compost fermentation is 55-65%, the temperature is 50-65℃, and the time is 45-60 days.

[0020] Preferably, the amount of decomposed organic fertilizer used in step S7 is 600-800 kg / mu.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The production method of annual rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos and rice provided by the present invention, by planting Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos and rice in sequence on the same plot, organically connects the growth cycle of the three crops with the rhythm of soil ecological restoration. The waste Armillaria mellea fungus material generated during the planting stage of Gastrodia elata is processed into a composite soil conditioner after resource utilization, which is used for the bioremediation of the soil before the Poria cocos crop. The pine wood fungus residue after the harvest of Poria cocos is composted and returned to the field as organic fertilizer for the growth of rice. The planting waste is utilized in a tiered manner throughout the production cycle, and a material cycle chain is formed between each crop. While maintaining soil fertility, the use of external agricultural inputs is reduced, and a multi-variety synergistic and waste closed-loop utilization annual production system is constructed.

[0022] (2) The production method of annual rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos and rice provided by the present invention prepares biochar by carbonizing waste Armillaria mellea mycelium, and modifies it in three steps by KOH alkaline activation, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane silanization and γ-polyglutamic acid covalent grafting to obtain functionalized biochar with amide-bonded γ-polyglutamic acid segments on the surface; the polyglutamic acid skeleton of γ-polyglutamic acid provides Bacillus belyss with a surface environment that is highly homologous to its own extracellular γ-polyglutamic acid chemical properties, and provides an affinity physical matrix for the attachment and colonization of Bacillus belyss, promoting the formation of biofilm and high-density colonization on the surface of biochar; then Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus belyss are introduced into the composite soil conditioner and compounded with oyster mushroom spores, and Trichoderma harzianum spores and Bacillus belyss are loaded onto the γ-polyglutamic acid modified biochar by spraying. On the charcoal surface, the porous structure of biochar and the hydrophilic moisturizing layer of γ-polyglutamic acid provide a colonization microenvironment for both. The waste oyster mushroom substrate after harvesting is dried and granulated into substrate granules, which are then physically mixed with modified biochar to achieve spatial isolation. This prevents the chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase secreted by Trichoderma harzianum from degrading and destroying the residual active mycelia in the oyster mushroom substrate during the initial storage and application of the preparation. This ensures that both are released independently in the soil and perform their respective functions. Trichoderma harzianum exerts biological antagonism on the residual mycelia of Armillaria mellea in the soil through mycelial parasitism and the secretion of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. Bacillus belesi inhibits soil-borne pathogens by colonizing the rhizosphere and secreting lipopeptide antibacterial substances. The active laccase and manganese peroxidase remaining in the oyster mushroom substrate continuously degrade the lignin-cellulose skeleton in the mycelia of Armillaria mellea, accelerating the disintegration of the mycelia. The three functions complement each other.

[0023] (3) The production method of annual rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos and rice provided by the present invention uses pine wood residue after the harvest of Poria cocos as the main raw material, combined with soybean meal and rice husk ash, and inoculates with a compound fermentation agent of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus thermophilus for high-temperature composting. The pine wood residue contains a high concentration of pine resin terpenoid allelochemicals, which will inhibit the growth of rice roots if directly returned to the field. Streptococcus thermophilus is tolerant to the high temperature fermentation environment of 50-65℃, maintains the activity of the microbial community during the high temperature period of composting, and works with Bacillus subtilis to promote the overall degradation and transformation of organic matter, including terpenoid allelochemicals. Rice husk ash provides SiO2 and K2O, which can adjust the pH of the composting system and supplement the silicon and potassium elements required by rice. After 45-60 days of decomposition, direct return to the field will not affect the normal growth of rice, and at the same time, it will supplement the soil with organic matter and mineral nutrients, and maintain the soil fertility level of the rotation system. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents and materials in this invention are purchased from the market or synthesized from raw materials purchased from the market.

[0026] The γ-polyglutamic acid is L-type, a broadly distributed mixture (100-1000 kDa); the oyster mushroom spawn particles have a particle size of 2-4 mm, laccase activity ≥1.5 U / g dry weight, manganese peroxidase activity ≥0.05 U / g dry weight, and a moisture content ≤15%.

[0027] Example 1 A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. After the previous rice harvest, dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal material with Armillaria mellea spores. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. If Trichoderma viride is found to be infected during the cultivation of the seedbeds, the contaminated fungal material should be removed in time and the local soil should be treated with lime water (1%). S3. Field Management and Harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Implement shading and cooling measures, water regulation, and integrated pest management. During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, apply Beauveria bassiana granules around the seedbed in April and May at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. This utilizes Beauveria bassiana to infect and kill grub larvae, preventing underground pests from directly feeding on the tubers. If springtails are found, wood ash can be evenly spread on the soil surface for repellency. During the high-temperature season from June to August, the thickness of the soil covering layer should be checked regularly. Ensure that the soil covering the tubers of Gastrodia elata is no less than 10cm to prevent sunburn. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to late November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium and deep plow and expose the field to the sun. The deep plowing depth should be no less than 30cm and the exposure time should be no less than 15 days. Use solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil and effectively reduce the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil. Then, flood irrigate for 5-7 days and keep the water layer at 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field at a rate of 250 kg / mu, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. Lightly irrigate until the soil moisture content reaches 60%, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out soil improvement for 35 days. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land by making high ridges, and dig drainage ditches with a depth of not less than 40 cm between the ridges. From the end of January to February of the third year, lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges and cover them with 5-10 cm of soil. The Masson pine logs should be 8-15 cm in diameter and 50-80 cm in length. Before use, make fresh cuts on the cross-section with a knife to facilitate the invasion of Poria cocos mycelium. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%, ensure smooth drainage during the plum rain season to prevent water accumulation; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e., from October to December of the same year, collect all pine wood residue after harvesting, deep plow and sun-dry the field, with a plowing depth of not less than 30cm and a sun-drying time of not less than 15 days, using solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil, effectively reducing the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil, and then flood irrigate for 7-14 days, maintaining a water layer of 5-10cm; S7. Field preparation and transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field at a rate of 700 kg / mu and incorporated into the tillage layer. In April to May, the field is irrigated and rice seedlings are transplanted. No chemical fertilizers are applied throughout the entire process. During the tillering to heading stage, 15,000-20,000 rice stem borers (Trichogramma pygmae) are released to control lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and rice thrushes. During the irrigation period, a reasonable water level (3-5 cm) is maintained to inhibit the infection of the basal stems by rice sheath blight pathogens. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0028] The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0029] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 was dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized at 500°C for 2.5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, ground to 120 mesh, and then added to an 8% KOH solution. It was soaked at 70°C for 2.5 h, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar. 100 g of pretreated biochar was added to 10 L of ethanol, followed by 13 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The mixture was reacted at 73°C for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add 13g of γ-polyglutamic acid to 1L of MES buffer (pH 6), then add 3-4g of EDC and 2.5g of NHS, activate at room temperature for 35min, then add 100g of aminated biochar, shake at 25℃ for 13h, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is complete to obtain modified biochar; add 350mL of composite bacterial solution (from a concentration of 3×10 8 Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of 4×10 9 The modified biochar (composed of Bacillus belye, CFU / mL) was sprayed onto 100g of modified biochar and incubated at 25℃ for 3.5h to obtain a solid product. The solid product was then mixed with oyster mushroom spawn granules and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules (made from shell powder, wood ash and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) in a mass ratio of 50:20:35 to obtain the final product.

[0030] The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer described in step S7 is as follows: The pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash at a mass ratio of 13:2.5:0.8 to obtain a premix. Then, 0.7% of the premix mass is added with a fermentation agent (Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count of 3.5 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus 1.5×10 9 The composting process involves fermenting the product (CFU / g) at a moisture content of 60%, a temperature of 60°C, and a time of 55 days to produce well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0031] Example 2 A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. After the previous rice harvest, dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal material with Armillaria mellea spores. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. If Trichoderma viride is found to be infected during the cultivation of the seedbeds, the contaminated fungal material should be removed in time and the local soil should be treated with lime water (1%). S3. Field Management and Harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Implement shading and cooling measures, water regulation, and integrated pest management. During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, apply Beauveria bassiana granules around the seedbed in April and May at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. This utilizes Beauveria bassiana to infect and kill grub larvae, preventing underground pests from directly feeding on the tubers. If springtails are found, wood ash can be evenly spread on the soil surface for repellency. During the high-temperature season from June to August, the thickness of the soil covering layer should be checked regularly. Ensure that the soil covering the tubers of Gastrodia elata is no less than 10cm to prevent sunburn. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to late November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium and deep plow and expose the field to the sun. The deep plowing depth should be no less than 30cm and the exposure time should be no less than 15 days. Use solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil and effectively reduce the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil. Then, flood irrigate for 5-7 days and keep the water layer at 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field at a rate of 200 kg / mu, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. Lightly irrigate until the soil moisture content reaches 60%, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out soil improvement for 40 days. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land by building high ridges, and dig drainage ditches with a depth of not less than 40 cm between the ridges. From the end of January to February of the third year, lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges and cover them with 5-10 cm of soil. The Masson pine logs should be 8-15 cm in diameter and 50-80 cm in length. Before use, make fresh cuts on the cross-section with a knife to facilitate the invasion of Poria cocos mycelium. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%, ensure smooth drainage during the plum rain season to prevent water accumulation; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e., from October to December of the same year, collect all pine wood residue after harvesting, deep plow and sun-dry the field, with a plowing depth of not less than 30cm and a sun-drying time of not less than 15 days, using solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil, effectively reducing the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil, and then flood irrigate for 7-14 days, maintaining a water layer of 5-10cm; S7. Field preparation and transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field at a rate of 600 kg / mu and incorporated into the tillage layer. Rice is planted and irrigated in April to May. No chemical fertilizers are applied throughout the entire process. During the tillering to heading stage, 15,000-20,000 rice stem borer wasps (15,000-20,000 wasps / mu) are released to control lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and rice thrushes. During the irrigation period, a reasonable water layer (3-5 cm) is maintained to inhibit the infection of the basal stem by rice sheath blight pathogen. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0032] The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0033] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 was dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized at 450°C for 3 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, ground to 120 mesh, and then added to a KOH solution with a mass fraction of 5% and soaked at 60°C for 3 h. After washing and drying, pretreated biochar was obtained. 100 g of pretreated biochar was added to 10 L of ethanol, followed by 10 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The mixture was reacted at 70°C for 5 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed, and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add 10g of γ-polyglutamic acid to 1L of MES buffer (pH 5.5), then add 3g of EDC and 2g of NHS, activate at room temperature for 30min, then add 100g of aminated biochar, and shake at 20℃ for 15h. After the reaction is complete, filter, wash and dry to obtain modified biochar; add 300mL of composite bacterial solution (from a concentration of 5×10) 8 Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of 5×10 9 The modified biochar (composed of Bacillus belye, CFU / mL) was sprayed onto 100g of modified biochar and incubated at 20℃ for 4h to obtain a solid product. The solid product was then mixed with oyster mushroom spawn granules and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules (made from shell powder, wood ash and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) in a mass ratio of 45:15:30 to obtain the final product.

[0034] The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer in step S7 is as follows: The pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash at a mass ratio of 10:2:0.5 to obtain a premix. Then, 0.5% of the premix mass is added with a fermentation agent (Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count of 4 × 10⁻⁶).9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus 2×10 9 The composting process involves fermenting the compost (CFU / g) at a moisture content of 55%, a temperature of 50°C, and a time of 60 days to produce well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0035] Example 3 A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. After the previous rice harvest, dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal material with Armillaria mellea spores. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. If Trichoderma viride is found to be infected during the cultivation of the seedbeds, the contaminated fungal material should be removed in time and the local soil should be treated with lime water (1%). S3. Field Management and Harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Implement shading and cooling measures, water regulation, and integrated pest management. During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, apply Beauveria bassiana granules around the seedbed in April and May at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. This utilizes Beauveria bassiana to infect and kill grub larvae, preventing underground pests from directly feeding on the tubers. If springtails are found, wood ash can be evenly spread on the soil surface for repellency. During the high-temperature season from June to August, the thickness of the soil covering layer should be checked regularly. Ensure that the soil covering the tubers of Gastrodia elata is no less than 10cm to prevent sunburn. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to late November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium and deep plow and expose the field to the sun. The deep plowing depth should be no less than 30cm and the exposure time should be no less than 15 days. Use solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil and effectively reduce the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil. Then, flood irrigate for 5-7 days and keep the water layer at 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field at a rate of 300 kg / mu, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. Lightly irrigate until the soil moisture content reaches 60%, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out soil improvement for 30 days. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land by making high ridges, and dig drainage ditches with a depth of not less than 40 cm between the ridges. From the end of January to February of the third year, lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges and cover them with 5-10 cm of soil. The Masson pine logs should be 8-15 cm in diameter and 50-80 cm in length. Before use, make fresh cuts on the cross-section with a knife to facilitate the invasion of Poria cocos mycelium. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%, ensure smooth drainage during the plum rain season to prevent water accumulation; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e., from October to December of the same year, collect all pine wood residue after harvesting, deep plow and sun-dry the field, with a plowing depth of not less than 30cm and a sun-drying time of not less than 15 days, using solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil, effectively reducing the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil, and then flood irrigate for 7-14 days, maintaining a water layer of 5-10cm; S7. Field preparation and transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field at a rate of 800 kg / mu and incorporated into the tillage layer. In April to May, the field is irrigated and rice seedlings are transplanted. No chemical fertilizers are applied throughout the entire process. During the tillering to heading stage, 15,000-20,000 rice stem borers (Trichogramma pygmae) are released to control lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and rice thrushes. During the irrigation period, a reasonable water level (3-5 cm) is maintained to inhibit the infection of the basal stems by rice sheath blight pathogens. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0036] The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0037] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 was dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized at 550°C for 2 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, ground to 120 mesh, and then added to a 10% KOH solution. It was soaked at 80°C for 2 h, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar. 100 g of pretreated biochar was added to 10 L of ethanol, followed by 15 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The mixture was reacted at 75°C for 4 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add 15g of γ-polyglutamic acid to 1L of MES buffer (pH 6.5), then add 5g of EDC and 3g of NHS, activate at room temperature for 40min, then add 100g of aminated biochar, and shake at 30℃ for 10h. After the reaction is complete, filter, wash and dry to obtain modified biochar; add 400mL of composite bacterial solution (from a concentration of 1×10 8Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of 2×10 9 The modified biochar (composed of Bacillus belye, CFU / mL) was sprayed onto 100g of modified biochar and incubated at 30℃ for 3h to obtain a solid product. The solid product was then mixed with oyster mushroom spawn granules and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules (made from shell powder, wood ash and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) in a mass ratio of 55:25:40 to obtain the final product.

[0038] The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer in step S7 is as follows: The pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash at a mass ratio of 15:3:1 to obtain a premix. Then, 0.8% of the premix mass is added with a fermentation agent (Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count of 3 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus 1×10 9 The composting process involves a moisture content of 65%, a temperature of 65°C, and a time of 45 days to produce well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0039] Comparative Example 1 A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. After the previous rice harvest, dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal material with Armillaria mellea spores. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. If Trichoderma viride is found to be infected during the cultivation of the seedbeds, the contaminated fungal material should be removed in time and the local soil should be treated with lime water (1%). S3. Field Management and Harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Implement shading and cooling measures, water regulation, and integrated pest management. During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, apply Beauveria bassiana granules around the seedbed in April and May at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. This utilizes Beauveria bassiana to infect and kill grub larvae, preventing underground pests from directly feeding on the tubers. If springtails are found, wood ash can be evenly spread on the soil surface for repellency. During the high-temperature season from June to August, the thickness of the soil covering layer should be checked regularly. Ensure that the soil covering the tubers of Gastrodia elata is no less than 10cm to prevent sunburn. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to late November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium and deep plow and expose the field to the sun. The deep plowing depth should be no less than 30cm and the exposure time should be no less than 15 days. Use solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil and effectively reduce the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil. Then, flood irrigate for 5-7 days and keep the water layer at 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field at a rate of 250 kg / mu, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. Lightly irrigate until the soil moisture content reaches 60%, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out soil improvement for 35 days. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land by making high ridges, and dig drainage ditches with a depth of not less than 40 cm between the ridges. From the end of January to February of the third year, lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges and cover them with 5-10 cm of soil. The Masson pine logs should be 8-15 cm in diameter and 50-80 cm in length. Before use, make fresh cuts on the cross-section with a knife to facilitate the invasion of Poria cocos mycelium. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%, ensure smooth drainage during the plum rain season to prevent water accumulation; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e., from October to December of the same year, collect all pine wood residue after harvesting, deep plow and sun-dry the field, with a plowing depth of not less than 30cm and a sun-drying time of not less than 15 days, using solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil, effectively reducing the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil, and then flood irrigate for 7-14 days, maintaining a water layer of 5-10cm; S7. Field preparation and transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field at a rate of 700 kg / mu and incorporated into the tillage layer. In April to May, the field is irrigated and rice seedlings are transplanted. No chemical fertilizers are applied throughout the entire process. During the tillering to heading stage, 15,000-20,000 rice stem borers (Trichogramma pygmae) are released to control lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and rice thrushes. During the irrigation period, a reasonable water level (3-5 cm) is maintained to inhibit the infection of the basal stems by rice sheath blight pathogens. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0040] The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0041] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 was dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized at 500°C for 2.5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, ground to 120 mesh, and then added to an 8% KOH solution. It was soaked at 70°C for 2.5 h, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar. 100 g of pretreated biochar was added to 10 L of ethanol, followed by 13 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The mixture was reacted at 73°C for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add 350 mL of compound bacterial solution (from a concentration of 3×10) 8 Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of 4×10 9 The composition of Bacillus belye (CFU / mL) was sprayed onto 100g of aminated biochar and incubated at 25℃ for 3.5h to obtain a solid product. The solid product was then mixed with oyster mushroom spawn granules and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules (granulated from shell powder, wood ash and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) in a mass ratio of 50:20:35 to obtain the final product.

[0042] The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer described in step S7 is as follows: The pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash at a mass ratio of 13:2.5:0.8 to obtain a premix. Then, 0.7% of the premix mass is added with a fermentation agent (Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count of 3.5 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus 1.5×10 9 The composting process involves fermenting the product (CFU / g) at a moisture content of 60%, a temperature of 60°C, and a time of 55 days to produce well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0043] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example of composite soil conditioner did not introduce γ-polyglutamic acid.

[0044] Comparative Example 2 A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. After the previous rice harvest, dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal material with Armillaria mellea spores. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. If Trichoderma viride is found to be infected during the cultivation of the seedbeds, the contaminated fungal material should be removed in time and the local soil should be treated with lime water (1%). S3. Field Management and Harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Implement shading and cooling measures, water regulation, and integrated pest management. During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, apply Beauveria bassiana granules around the seedbed in April and May at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. This utilizes Beauveria bassiana to infect and kill grub larvae, preventing underground pests from directly feeding on the tubers. If springtails are found, wood ash can be evenly spread on the soil surface for repellency. During the high-temperature season from June to August, the thickness of the soil covering layer should be checked regularly. Ensure that the soil covering the tubers of Gastrodia elata is no less than 10cm to prevent sunburn. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to late November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium and deep plow and expose the field to the sun. The deep plowing depth should be no less than 30cm and the exposure time should be no less than 15 days. Use solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil and effectively reduce the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil. Then, flood irrigate for 5-7 days and keep the water layer at 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field at a rate of 250 kg / mu, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. Lightly irrigate until the soil moisture content reaches 60%, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out soil improvement for 35 days. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land by making high ridges, and dig drainage ditches with a depth of not less than 40 cm between the ridges. From the end of January to February of the third year, lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges and cover them with 5-10 cm of soil. The Masson pine logs should be 8-15 cm in diameter and 50-80 cm in length. Before use, make fresh cuts on the cross-section with a knife to facilitate the invasion of Poria cocos mycelium. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%, ensure smooth drainage during the plum rain season to prevent water accumulation; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e., from October to December of the same year, collect all pine wood residue after harvesting, deep plow and sun-dry the field, with a plowing depth of not less than 30cm and a sun-drying time of not less than 15 days, using solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil, effectively reducing the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil, and then flood irrigate for 7-14 days, maintaining a water layer of 5-10cm; S7. Field preparation and transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field at a rate of 700 kg / mu and incorporated into the tillage layer. In April to May, the field is irrigated and rice seedlings are transplanted. No chemical fertilizers are applied throughout the entire process. During the tillering to heading stage, 15,000-20,000 rice stem borers (Trichogramma pygmae) are released to control lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and rice thrushes. During the irrigation period, a reasonable water level (3-5 cm) is maintained to inhibit the infection of the basal stems by rice sheath blight pathogens. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0045] The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0046] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 was dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized at 500°C for 2.5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, ground to 120 mesh, and then added to an 8% KOH solution. It was soaked at 70°C for 2.5 h, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar. 100 g of pretreated biochar was added to 10 L of ethanol, followed by 13 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The mixture was reacted at 73°C for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add 13g of γ-polyglutamic acid to 1L of MES buffer (pH 6), then add 3-4g of EDC and 2.5g of NHS, activate at room temperature for 35min, then add 100g of aminated biochar, shake at 25℃ for 13h, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is complete to obtain modified biochar; mix the modified biochar, oyster mushroom granules, and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules (made by granulation of shell powder, wood ash and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) in a mass ratio of 50:20:35 to obtain the final product.

[0047] The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer described in step S7 is as follows: The pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash at a mass ratio of 13:2.5:0.8 to obtain a premix. Then, 0.7% of the premix mass is added with a fermentation agent (Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count of 3.5 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus 1.5×10 9 The composting process involves fermenting the product (CFU / g) at a moisture content of 60%, a temperature of 60°C, and a time of 55 days to produce well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0048] Compared with Example 1, no compound bacterial solution was introduced into the composite soil conditioner of this comparative example.

[0049] Comparative Example 3 A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. After the previous rice harvest, dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal material with Armillaria mellea spores. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. If Trichoderma viride is found to be infected during the cultivation of the seedbeds, the contaminated fungal material should be removed in time and the local soil should be treated with lime water (1%). S3. Field Management and Harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Implement shading and cooling measures, water regulation, and integrated pest management. During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, apply Beauveria bassiana granules around the seedbed in April and May at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. This utilizes Beauveria bassiana to infect and kill grub larvae, preventing underground pests from directly feeding on the tubers. If springtails are found, wood ash can be evenly spread on the soil surface for repellency. During the high-temperature season from June to August, the thickness of the soil covering layer should be checked regularly. Ensure that the soil covering the tubers of Gastrodia elata is no less than 10cm to prevent sunburn. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to late November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium and deep plow and expose the field to the sun. The deep plowing depth should be no less than 30cm and the exposure time should be no less than 15 days. Use solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil and effectively reduce the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil. Then, flood irrigate for 5-7 days and keep the water layer at 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field at a rate of 250 kg / mu, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. Lightly irrigate until the soil moisture content reaches 60%, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out soil improvement for 35 days. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land by making high ridges, and dig drainage ditches with a depth of not less than 40 cm between the ridges. From the end of January to February of the third year, lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges and cover them with 5-10 cm of soil. The Masson pine logs should be 8-15 cm in diameter and 50-80 cm in length. Before use, make fresh cuts on the cross-section with a knife to facilitate the invasion of Poria cocos mycelium. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%, ensure smooth drainage during the plum rain season to prevent water accumulation; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e., from October to December of the same year, collect all pine wood residue after harvesting, deep plow and sun-dry the field, with a plowing depth of not less than 30cm and a sun-drying time of not less than 15 days, using solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil, effectively reducing the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil, and then flood irrigate for 7-14 days, maintaining a water layer of 5-10cm; S7. Field preparation and transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field at a rate of 700 kg / mu and incorporated into the tillage layer. In April to May, the field is irrigated and rice seedlings are transplanted. No chemical fertilizers are applied throughout the entire process. During the tillering to heading stage, 15,000-20,000 rice stem borers (Trichogramma pygmae) are released to control lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and rice thrushes. During the irrigation period, a reasonable water level (3-5 cm) is maintained to inhibit the infection of the basal stems by rice sheath blight pathogens. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0050] The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0051] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 was dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized at 500°C for 2.5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, ground to 120 mesh, and then added to an 8% KOH solution. It was soaked at 70°C for 2.5 h, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar. 100 g of pretreated biochar was added to 10 L of ethanol, followed by 13 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The mixture was reacted at 73°C for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add 13g of γ-polyglutamic acid to 1L of MES buffer (pH 6), then add 3-4g of EDC and 2.5g of NHS, activate at room temperature for 35min, then add 100g of aminated biochar, shake at 25℃ for 13h, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is complete to obtain modified biochar; add 350mL of composite bacterial solution (from a concentration of 3×10 8 Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of 4×10 9 The modified biochar (composed of Bacillus belye at CFU / mL) was sprayed onto 100g of modified biochar and incubated at 25°C for 3.5h to obtain a solid product. The solid product and organic-inorganic composite conditioning particles (granulated from shell powder, wood ash and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) were then mixed in a mass ratio of 50:35 to obtain the final product.

[0052] The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer described in step S7 is as follows: The pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash at a mass ratio of 13:2.5:0.8 to obtain a premix. Then, 0.7% of the premix mass is added with a fermentation agent (Bacillus subtilis with an effective viable count of 3.5 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g, effective viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus 1.5×10 9 The composting process involves fermenting the product (CFU / g) at a moisture content of 60%, a temperature of 60°C, and a time of 55 days to produce well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0053] Compared with Example 1, no oyster mushroom spawn particles were added to the composite soil conditioner in this comparative example.

[0054] Comparative Example 4 A production method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, with a four-year production cycle, includes the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. After the previous rice harvest, dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and drying treatment on the fields. S2. Planting of Gastrodia elata: From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal material with Armillaria mellea spores. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, plant high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, cover with soil and build a shade shed. If Trichoderma viride is found to be infected during the cultivation of the seedbeds, the contaminated fungal material should be removed in time and the local soil should be treated with lime water (1%). S3. Field Management and Harvesting of Gastrodia elata: Implement shading and cooling measures, water regulation, and integrated pest management. During the growth period of Gastrodia elata, apply Beauveria bassiana granules around the seedbed in April and May at a rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. This utilizes Beauveria bassiana to infect and kill grub larvae, preventing underground pests from directly feeding on the tubers. If springtails are found, wood ash can be evenly spread on the soil surface for repellency. During the high-temperature season from June to August, the thickness of the soil covering layer should be checked regularly. Ensure that the soil covering the tubers of Gastrodia elata is no less than 10cm to prevent sunburn. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to late November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea mycelium and deep plow and expose the field to the sun. The deep plowing depth should be no less than 30cm and the exposure time should be no less than 15 days. Use solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil and effectively reduce the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil. Then, flood irrigate for 5-7 days and keep the water layer at 5-10cm. S4. Land preparation: Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field at a rate of 250 kg / mu, and plow it into the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. Lightly irrigate until the soil moisture content reaches 60%, cover with film to keep warm and moist, and carry out soil improvement for 35 days. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land by making high ridges, and dig drainage ditches with a depth of not less than 40 cm between the ridges. From the end of January to February of the third year, lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges and cover them with 5-10 cm of soil. The Masson pine logs should be 8-15 cm in diameter and 50-80 cm in length. Before use, make fresh cuts on the cross-section with a knife to facilitate the invasion of Poria cocos mycelium. S5. Poria cocos cultivation: In February to March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil covering thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Poria cocos field management and harvesting: Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%, ensure smooth drainage during the plum rain season to prevent water accumulation; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e., from October to December of the same year, collect all pine wood residue after harvesting, deep plow and sun-dry the field, with a plowing depth of not less than 30cm and a sun-drying time of not less than 15 days, using solar radiation and ultraviolet rays to physically disinfect the soil, effectively reducing the spore density of pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium in the soil, and then flood irrigate for 7-14 days, maintaining a water layer of 5-10cm; S7. Field preparation and transplanting: In March to April of the fourth year, the field is plowed and prepared, and well-rotted organic fertilizer is returned to the field at a rate of 700 kg / mu and incorporated into the tillage layer. In April to May, the field is irrigated and rice seedlings are transplanted. No chemical fertilizers are applied throughout the entire process. During the tillering to heading stage, 15,000-20,000 rice stem borers (Trichogramma pygmae) are released to control lepidopteran pests such as rice stem borers and rice thrushes. During the irrigation period, a reasonable water level (3-5 cm) is maintained to inhibit the infection of the basal stems by rice sheath blight pathogens. S8. Rice Harvesting: Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to begin the next four-year production cycle.

[0055] The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed, and the cultivation time is about 10-12 months.

[0056] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 was dried to a moisture content of less than 20%, crushed to a particle size of 1-3 cm, carbonized at 500°C for 2.5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, ground to 120 mesh, and then added to an 8% KOH solution. It was soaked at 70°C for 2.5 h, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar. 100 g of pretreated biochar was added to 10 L of ethanol, followed by 13 g of γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The mixture was reacted at 73°C for 4.5 h. After the reaction was completed, it was filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add 13g of γ-polyglutamic acid to 1L of MES buffer (pH 6), then add 3-4g of EDC and 2.5g of NHS, activate at room temperature for 35min, then add 100g of aminated biochar, shake at 25℃ for 13h, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is complete to obtain modified biochar; add 350mL of composite bacterial solution (from a concentration of 3×10 8 Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of 4×10 9 The modified biochar (composed of Bacillus belye, CFU / mL) was sprayed onto 100g of modified biochar and incubated at 25℃ for 3.5h to obtain a solid product. The solid product was then mixed with oyster mushroom spawn granules and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules (made from shell powder, wood ash and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) in a mass ratio of 50:20:35 to obtain the final product.

[0057] The organic fertilizer preparation method described in step S7 is as follows: the pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash in a mass ratio of 13:2.5:0.8 to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0058] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example did not perform composting treatment on the pine wood residue from step S6, but instead directly returned it to the field.

[0059] The crop and soil indicators during the production process of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested as follows: Based on the time before the application of the amendment after the harvest of Gastrodia elata (T0), soil samples from the 0-20cm layer were collected at the time of harvest of Poria cocos (T2). The degradation rate of Armillaria mellea mycelium was calculated using the formula: degradation rate (%) = (T0 mycelium density - T2 mycelium density) ÷ T0 mycelium density × 100%. Mycelium density was determined by the sieve-wash counting method. Urease activity and sucrose enzyme activity in the soil at the time of harvest of Poria cocos (T2) were tested using a kit. The colonization density of Bacillus belysin was tested at T1 (90 days after application) using the dilution plate counting method with rifampicin-resistant labeled strain (Rif^R, 50μg / mL). The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0060] Table 1 As can be seen from Table 1 above, compared with Example 1, the lack of γ-polyglutamic acid modified biochar (Comparative Example 1) led to a decrease in the rhizosphere colonization density of Bacillus belyssus and a significant weakening of microbial function; the lack of compound bacterial solution (Comparative Example 2) had the most significant negative impact on the reduction of Armillaria mellea and soil microbial ecology; the lack of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium granules (Comparative Example 3) mainly affected the enzymatic degradation process of the lignin skeleton of Armillaria mellea, and the mycelial degradation rate was also lower than that of Example 1. The comprehensive data of the three comparative examples prove that the synergistic cooperation of the components of the present invention is the key to achieving efficient reduction of Armillaria mellea and soil ecological restoration.

[0061] The rot rate of Poria cocos, the content of Poria cocos polysaccharides, and the yield of rice in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0062] Table 2 As can be seen from Table 2 above, the lack of compound bacterial solution (Comparative Example 2) has the most serious impact on the quality of Poria cocos products, and the large amount of Armillaria mellea residue leads to a significant decrease in the content of Poria cocos polysaccharides; the lack of γ-polyglutamic acid modified biochar (Comparative Example 1) has the most prominent impact on rice yield, and the decrease in the soil's heavy metal passivation capacity is ultimately transmitted to rice yield reduction through root toxicity; the direct return of pine wood residue to the field without composting (Comparative Example 4) has a significant decrease in rice yield due to the severe inhibition of rice root development by pine resin allelopathic toxicity; the data from each group comprehensively confirm the necessity of the synergistic role of the various functional components of this invention in the Gastrodia elata-Poria cocos-rice rotation system.

[0063] The above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific implementation examples. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such deductions or substitutions should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for year-round crop rotation of Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, and rice, characterized in that, The production cycle is four years, and includes the following steps: S1. Select paddy fields with an altitude of 300-700m, slightly acidic sandy loam soil, and good drainage conditions. Dig drainage ditches and carry out drainage, deep plowing, and sun-drying treatment on the fields. S2. From January to February of the first year, lay Armillaria mellea seedbeds in the seedbeds. The Armillaria mellea seedbeds are made by inoculating fresh fungal materials with Armillaria mellea spawn. After the Armillaria mellea seedbeds are cultivated, high-quality Gastrodia elata seedlings are planted close to both sides of the Armillaria mellea seedbeds, covered with soil and shaded. S3. Implement shading and cooling, water regulation and integrated pest management. Harvest Gastrodia elata from mid-October to mid-November of the following year. After harvesting, collect the waste Armillaria mellea fungus material and deep plow, sun-dry and flood-irrigate the field for 5-7 days. S4. Apply compound soil conditioner evenly to the field, turn it into the soil to a depth of 15-20cm, irrigate shallowly until the soil moisture content is 60%, cover with film, and carry out soil improvement. After the improvement is completed, remove the film, prepare the land and build high ridges, dig drainage ditches between the ridges, and lay the Masson pine logs flat in the ridges from the end of January to February of the third year, and cover with 5-10cm of soil. S5. In February or March of the third year, inoculate the Poria cocos spawn close to the cross-section or opening of the pine wood, cover it with soil and compact it, with a soil thickness of 10-15cm. S6. Regularly check the formation of sclerotia, replenish soil in time to prevent cracking, and maintain soil moisture content of 60-65%; harvest Poria cocos sclerotia 8-10 months after inoculation, i.e. from October to December of the same year, collect pine wood residue after harvesting, and flood irrigate the field for 7-14 days. S7. In March and April of the fourth year, the land is plowed and prepared, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is returned to the land and turned into the tillage layer. In April and May, the land is irrigated and rice seedlings are planted. S8. Rice is harvested in October of the fourth year. After harvesting, the fields are drained and dried to start the next four-year production cycle. The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner in step S4 is as follows: (1) The waste Armillaria mellea fungal material in step S3 is dried, crushed, carbonized, ground, then soaked in KOH solution, washed and dried to obtain pretreated biochar; the pretreated biochar is added to ethanol, followed by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and heated to react. After the reaction is completed, it is filtered, washed and dried to obtain aminated biochar. (2) Add γ-polyglutamic acid to MES buffer, then add EDC and NHS, activate at room temperature for 30-40 min, then add aminated biochar, shake the reaction, filter, wash and dry after the reaction is complete to obtain modified biochar; spray the composite bacterial solution onto the modified biochar by spraying, and incubate for adsorption to obtain solid product, then mix with oyster mushroom spawn granules and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules to obtain the final product; The compound bacterial solution mentioned in step (2) has a concentration of (1~5)×10 8 Trichoderma harzianum spores / mL and a concentration of (2~5)×10 9 The composition of Bacillus belye at CFU / mL; the mass ratio of the solid product, oyster mushroom spawn granules, and organic-inorganic composite conditioning granules is 45-55:15-25:30-40; The preparation method of the decomposed organic fertilizer in step S7 is as follows: the pine wood residue from step S6 is mixed with soybean meal and rice husk ash to obtain a premix, a fermentation agent is added, and composting is carried out to produce decomposed organic fertilizer; the fermentation agent is obtained by compounding Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus thermophilus.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Gastrodia elata seedlings mentioned in step S2 are black and red hybrid Gastrodia elata.

3. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process of the Armillaria mellea mycelium bed in step S2 is as follows: fresh hardwoods such as Quercus glauca, birch, and oak are used together with high-quality Armillaria mellea cultivars to cultivate the Gastrodia elata cultivation mycelium bed for 10-12 months.

4. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbonization temperature in step (1) is 450-550℃ and the time is 2-3h; the mass fraction of the KOH solution is 5-10%; the soaking temperature is 60-80℃ and the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of the pretreated biochar to γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 100:10-15; and the heating reaction temperature is 70-75℃ and the time is 4-5h.

5. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of γ-polyglutamic acid, EDC, NHS, and aminated biochar is 10-15:3-5:2-3:100, the temperature of the oscillation reaction is 20-30℃, and the time is 10-15h; the volume-mass ratio of the composite bacterial solution and modified biochar is 3-4mL:1g, the temperature of the adsorption incubation is 20-30℃, and the time is 3-4h; the organic-inorganic composite conditioning particles are granulated from shell powder, wood ash, and diatomaceous earth in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, and the particle size is 2-4mm.

6. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the compound soil conditioner in step S4 is 200-300 kg / mu, and the soil improvement time is 30-40 days.

7. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of pine wood residue to soybean meal and rice husk ash is 10-15:2-3:0.5-1, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is (3~4)×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, viable count of Streptococcus thermophilus (1~2) × 10⁻⁶ 9 The amount of fermentation agent is 0.5-0.8% of the premixed substance, the moisture content of the compost fermentation is 55-65%, the temperature is 50-65℃, and the time is 45-60 days.

8. The production method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of well-rotted organic fertilizer used in step S7 is 600-800 kg / mu.

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