Antenna structure, radio-frequency device, radar and electronic device

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of electronic devices, and provides an antenna structure, a radio frequency device, a radar and an electronic device, which can improve the isolation between antennas without changing the original setting mode of the antennas, so as to ensure the performance of the antennas. The antenna structure comprises at least one coupling unit, at least two antenna units and at least two feed lines, the antenna units and the feed lines are electrically connected; the coupling unit is used for adjusting the isolation between the antenna units; wherein the coupling unit is at least partially arranged in the same metal layer as the feed lines or the antenna units, or the coupling unit, the feed lines and the antenna units are arranged in different metal layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic device technology, and in particular to an antenna structure, radio frequency device, radar and electronic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Antenna in Package (AiP) is an advanced technology that integrates antennas into a packaged module. It has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages such as small size, high integration, and low cost. Compared to traditional PCB (Printed Circuit Board) antennas, the antenna array area in an AiP structure is smaller, which significantly reduces the spacing between antennas. However, excessively small spacing between antennas greatly reduces isolation, thus significantly degrading antenna performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna structure, radio frequency device, radar, and electronic equipment that can improve the isolation between antennas without changing the original antenna setup, thereby ensuring antenna performance.

[0004] According to some embodiments of this application, a first aspect of this application provides an antenna structure including at least one coupling unit, at least two antenna elements, and at least two feed lines, wherein the antenna elements and the feed lines are electrically connected; the coupling unit is used to adjust the isolation between the antenna elements.

[0005] The coupling unit is at least partially disposed on the same metal layer as the feed line or the antenna unit, or the coupling unit, the feed line, and the antenna unit are disposed on different metal layers.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, a second aspect of this application provides a radio frequency device, including an integrated circuit unit and the antenna structure described above; the integrated circuit unit is electrically connected to the antenna unit of the antenna structure.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, a third aspect of this application provides a radar including the radio frequency device described above.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, a fourth aspect of this application provides an electronic device including the radar described above.

[0009] This application provides an antenna structure, radio frequency device, radar, and electronic device. The antenna structure forms a coupling path between two antenna elements through a coupling unit. When either antenna element transmits and / or receives a signal, the signal energy transmitted through the coupling path formed by the coupling unit can cancel the spatial coupling energy between the two antenna elements, significantly improving the isolation between the antenna elements. Furthermore, the coupling unit does not affect the original configuration of the antenna elements, i.e., it does not change the original spacing between the antenna elements, and it has no significant impact on the radiation pattern of the antenna elements themselves. Compared to related technologies that increase antenna spacing to improve isolation, the antenna structure provided in this application can improve the isolation between antenna elements without changing the original antenna configuration, thereby ensuring antenna element performance. The antenna structure provided in this application is simple in structure and easy to implement. Attached Figure Description

[0010] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with corresponding pictures in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the pictures in the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale. In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the conventional technology, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the coupling path of the provided antenna structure;

[0013] Figure 3 For along Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along the A1A2 direction;

[0014] Figure 4 For along Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along the B1B2 direction;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 6 For along Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along the C1C2 direction;

[0017] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in related technologies;

[0021] Figure 11 for Figure 10 The return loss curve corresponding to the antenna structure;

[0022] Figure 12 for Figure 10 Antenna isolation curve corresponding to the antenna structure;

[0023] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of an antenna structure including six antennas provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 14 for Figure 13 The return loss curve corresponding to the antenna structure;

[0025] Figure 15 for Figure 13 Antenna isolation curve corresponding to the antenna structure;

[0026] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a radio frequency device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conductive part provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of another conductive part provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0034] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. For example, if the device or element in the illustration is inverted, then the element described as "below," "under," "below," or "bottom" of other elements or features will be oriented "above" or "top" of said other elements or features. Therefore, the term "below" may cover both above and below orientation depending on the context in which the term is used, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Materials may be oriented in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees, inverted, flipped), and the spatial relative descriptive terms used herein may be interpreted accordingly.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this application, when a component "includes" another component, other components are not excluded unless otherwise stated, and other components may be further included. The formation or provision of a second component above or on a first component, or on the surface of a first component, or on one side of a first component, may include embodiments where the first and second components are in direct contact, and may also include embodiments where an additional component may be present between the first and second components, thereby preventing direct contact between the first and second components. For simplicity and clarity, various components may be drawn at different scales. In the drawings, some layers / components may be omitted for simplicity. Unless otherwise specified, the formation or provision of a second component on the surface of a first component refers to direct contact between the first and second components. The term "component" may refer to: layer, film, region, portion, structure, etc.

[0038] This application provides an antenna structure, with reference to... Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, it includes at least one coupling unit 6, at least two antenna elements 51 and at least two feed lines 31, with the antenna elements 51 and feed lines 31 electrically connected; the coupling unit 6 is used to adjust the isolation between the antenna elements 51; wherein, the coupling unit 6 is at least partially disposed on the same metal layer as the feed line 31 or the antenna elements 51, or the coupling unit 6, the feed line 31 and the antenna elements 51 are disposed on different metal layers.

[0039] In this embodiment, a coupling path is formed between two antenna elements through a coupling unit. When either antenna transmits and / or receives a signal, the signal energy transmitted through the coupling path formed by the coupling unit can cancel the spatial coupling energy between the two antenna elements, thus greatly improving the isolation between the antenna elements.

[0040] In this embodiment, the structure, shape, size, and feeding method of the antenna element are not limited. For example, the antenna element can be a patch antenna, and the cross-sectional shape of the patch antenna can be rectangular, square, circular, or triangular, etc.

[0041] In this embodiment of the application, the shape and length of the feeder are not limited. For example, the feeder can be as follows: Figure 1 The L-shaped probe feed line is shown. In this embodiment, the specific structure of the coupling unit is not limited; for example, the coupling unit can be a coupling line or a coupling block, etc.

[0042] In this embodiment, the coupling method between the coupling unit and the antenna unit is not limited. For example, the coupling unit can be electrically connected to the antenna unit to achieve direct coupling, or it can be indirectly coupled to the antenna unit by means of an intermediate structure. Specifically, the intermediate structure can be coupled to the antenna unit, and then the coupling unit can be electrically connected to the intermediate structure to achieve coupling between the coupling unit and the antenna unit.

[0043] Similarly, the coupling method of the two feed lines that are electrically connected to the coupling unit and the two antenna elements is not limited. For example, the coupling unit can be electrically connected to the feed line to achieve direct coupling, or it can be set near the feed line to achieve indirect coupling.

[0044] In the antenna element structure provided in this application embodiment, the coupling unit is coupled to two antenna elements, or the coupling unit is coupled to two feed lines electrically connected to the two antenna elements, thereby forming a coupling path between the two antenna elements through the coupling unit. (Reference) Figure 2 As shown, when antenna element A transmits a signal, a portion of the energy of the electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to antenna element A through the feed line is coupled to antenna element B through external spatial coupling path P1, and another portion of the energy is coupled to antenna element B through coupling path P2 formed by coupling element 6. By adjusting the coupling position between the coupling element and the antenna element, as well as the length of the coupling element, the coupling amplitude of the electromagnetic wave signals on coupling path P1 and coupling path P2 can be made equal, and the coupling phase difference can be 180 degrees. When the electromagnetic wave signals on the two coupling paths P1 and P2 satisfy the conditions of equal coupling amplitude and 180-degree coupling phase difference, the signal energy transmitted through coupling path P1 and the signal energy transmitted through coupling path P2 can cancel each other out, thereby preventing antenna element A from affecting antenna element B when transmitting signals, and thus significantly improving the isolation between antenna elements.

[0045] In this embodiment, the antenna unit can receive and / or radiate radio frequency signals, which can be FMCW (Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave) millimeter-wave signals or radio frequency signals of other bands; under suitable conditions, it can also be applied to fields such as 5G communication; or, it can be a frequency sweep signal with a frequency of 100M-1GHz for long-range detection, or a frequency sweep signal with a frequency of 1GHz-4GHz for short-range detection.

[0046] The antenna structure provided in this application provides a coupling path between two antennas through a coupling unit. When either antenna transmits and / or receives a signal, the signal energy transmitted through the coupling path formed by the coupling unit can cancel the spatial coupling energy between the two antennas, significantly improving the isolation between the antennas. Furthermore, the coupling unit does not affect the original antenna configuration, i.e., it does not change the original spacing between the antennas, and it has no significant impact on the antenna's radiation pattern. Compared to related technologies that increase antenna spacing to improve isolation, the antenna structure provided in this application can improve the isolation between antennas without changing the original antenna configuration, thereby ensuring antenna performance. The antenna structure provided in this application is simple in structure and easy to implement.

[0047] The following provides a specific antenna structure. (Reference) Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the antenna structure also includes a feed line layer 3, a first dielectric layer 4 and an antenna layer 5 stacked in sequence. The feed line 31 is disposed in the feed line layer 3, and the antenna element 51 is disposed in the antenna layer 5. The coupling element 6 is at least partially disposed in the feed line layer 3; or, the coupling element 6 is at least partially disposed in the antenna layer 5. Figure 4 The illustration is based on the example where the coupling unit 6 is at least partially located in the feed layer 3. Since there is a lot of free space in the feed layer, the coupling unit can be set up in this space to minimize the increase in the size of the antenna structure and to minimize the impact on the antenna's impedance bandwidth.

[0048] In this embodiment, the thickness and material of the first dielectric layer are not limited. For example, the material of the first dielectric layer is an insulating material, including but not limited to: glass fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyimide. The first dielectric layer is disposed between the feed layer and the antenna layer. In order to reduce transmission loss, the first dielectric layer can be made relatively thin.

[0049] In some implementations, when the coupling unit is located in the feeder layer, reference is made. Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the first dielectric layer 4 is provided with at least two first vias 42; the first vias 42 connect the antenna element 51 and the coupling element 6. In this antenna structure, the coupling element is directly coupled to the corresponding antenna element through the first via. Taking a patch antenna and a coupling line as an example, the current distribution on the patch antenna corresponds to the resonant distribution state of the frequency. By adjusting the connection position between the first via and the antenna element, the magnitude of the current transmitted from the patch antenna to the coupling line can be adjusted; by adjusting the length of the coupling line, the phase value of the current on the coupling path formed by the coupling line can be adjusted, thereby achieving that the coupling signal transmitted through the coupling path formed by the coupling line is equal in magnitude and 180 degrees out of phase with the spatial coupling signal between the two antenna elements, thus canceling out the spatial coupling signal between the two antenna elements and significantly improving the isolation between the antenna elements.

[0050] In some implementations, when the coupling unit is located in the feeder layer, reference is made. Figure 8 As shown, coupling unit 6 is connected to feed line 31. In this antenna structure, the coupling unit is directly coupled to the corresponding feed line. To facilitate implementation and simplify the structure, the coupling unit includes a coupling line, which is disposed in the feed line layer; one end of the coupling line is connected to a corresponding feed line, and the other end is connected to another corresponding feed line.

[0051] It should be noted that when the coupling unit is located in the feed layer or antenna layer, the antenna structure may also include other metal layers and other dielectric layers; this is not limited here. For example, see reference... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the antenna structure may further include a first metal layer 1 and a second dielectric layer 2. The first dielectric layer 2 is disposed between the first metal layer 1 and the feed layer 3. The second dielectric layer 2 may also have at least two fourth vias 21. The feed line 31 is electrically connected to the traces of the first metal layer 1 through the fourth vias 21 to facilitate subsequent power feeding. The first metal layer may have metal lines to achieve electrical connections between different structures. For example, the metal line may be a ground line, or it may also be used to electrically connect the feed line to the chip to feed power to the antenna element. The thickness and material of the second dielectric layer are not limited. For example, the material of the second dielectric layer is an insulating material, including but not limited to: glass fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyimide. To avoid mutual interference between the antenna element and the feed line and the first metal layer, the thickness of the second dielectric layer can be set to be relatively thick. The first dielectric layer is disposed between the feed layer and the antenna layer. To reduce transmission loss, the first dielectric layer can be set to be relatively thin. Therefore, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the thickness of the first dielectric layer 2 is greater than the thickness of the second dielectric layer 4.

[0052] In the embodiments of this application, the antenna can be single-hole fed or multi-hole fed, for example, see reference. Figure 3 As shown, one or more vias 41 can be provided in the first dielectric layer 4, and the antenna element 51 is electrically connected to the corresponding feed line 31 through these vias 41. To simplify the structure, single-via feeding is generally used.

[0053] Another specific antenna structure is provided below. This antenna structure also includes a first metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a feed line layer, a first dielectric layer, and an antenna layer stacked in sequence. The feed line is disposed in the feed line layer, the antenna element is disposed in the antenna layer, and the coupling element is disposed in the first metal layer.

[0054] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes at least two second vias; the second vias connect the antenna element and the coupling element, and penetrate all the membrane layers between the antenna element and the coupling element. In this antenna structure, the coupling element is directly coupled to the antenna element through the second vias.

[0055] In some embodiments, the antenna structure further includes at least two third vias; these third vias connect the feed line and the coupling unit, and penetrate all the diaphragm layers between the feed line and the coupling unit. In this antenna structure, the coupling unit is directly coupled to the feed line via a second via.

[0056] It should be noted that when the feed line is located on the feed line layer, the antenna element is located on the antenna layer, and the coupling element is located on the first metal layer, in addition to the coupling element, the first metal layer in the antenna structure can also contain a metal wire to achieve electrical connection between the different structures. For example, this metal wire can be a ground wire, or it can also be used to electrically connect the feed line to the chip to feed power to the antenna element.

[0057] In the antenna structures described above, the coupling element is directly coupled to the antenna element or the feed line. Below, we provide an antenna structure that uses indirect coupling.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, reference is made to Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the feeder layer also includes at least two coupling structures 43, which are correspondingly arranged with the antenna element 51. The coupling structure 43 is used to couple the energy transmitted by the antenna element 51 and / or the energy transmitted by the feeder 31. The coupling structure 43 is electrically connected to the coupling element 51.

[0059] In some implementations, reference Figure 5As shown, the coupling structure 43 is used to couple the energy transmitted by the antenna element 51. The orthographic projection of the coupling structure 43 on the first dielectric layer 4 is located within the orthographic projection of the antenna element on the first dielectric layer 4. A first dielectric layer is disposed between the coupling structure and the antenna element, and the coupling element is indirectly coupled to the antenna element through the coupling structure. The specific structure of the coupling structure is not limited. For example, the coupling structure can be a conductive pad (PAD). The material of the conductive pad is not limited, and the conductive pad can be a metal pad.

[0060] In some implementations, reference Figure 7 As shown, the coupling structure 43 is used to couple the energy transmitted by the feeder 31, and there is a gap between the coupling structure 43 and the feeder 31. The gap between the coupling structure and the feeder is not limited here, as long as coupling can be achieved. The specific structure of the coupling structure is not limited; for ease of implementation and structural simplification, for example, the coupling structure can be a coupling line, and the coupling line and the feeder can be arranged parallel and adjacent to each other.

[0061] It should be noted that when the feeder layer includes at least two coupling structures, the coupling unit can be disposed on the feeder layer along with the coupling structure. In this case, the coupling unit and the coupling structure can be directly connected. Alternatively, the coupling unit and the coupling structure can be disposed on different metal layers. For example, the coupling unit can be disposed on the antenna layer or the first metal layer. In this case, the coupling unit can be electrically connected to the coupling structure through vias or the like.

[0062] It should be noted that the specific number of layers in any of the above antenna structures is not limited. For example, the antenna structure can be as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, it includes a first metal layer 1, a second dielectric layer 2, a feed line layer 3, a first dielectric layer 4, and an antenna layer 5 stacked in sequence. At this time, the coupling structure can be set in the first metal layer, the feed line layer, or the antenna layer. The specific coupling method can be direct coupling or indirect coupling. For details, please refer to the above description, which will not be repeated here.

[0063] Alternatively, the antenna structure can also be as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the antenna structure includes a first metal layer 1, a third dielectric layer 7, a second metal layer 8, a second dielectric layer 2, a feed layer 3, a first dielectric layer 4, and an antenna layer 5, stacked sequentially. The thickness and material of the third dielectric layer are not limited; for example, the material of the third dielectric layer is an insulating material, such as fiberglass, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyimide. The second metal layer can house ground wires or other metal lines. The first metal layer can house metal lines for connection to the chip. In this antenna structure, the coupling structure can be located in the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the feed layer, or the antenna layer. The specific coupling method can be direct coupling or indirect coupling; please refer to the foregoing description for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, reference is made to Figure 13 As shown, the antenna layer includes multiple antenna elements 51 arranged along a preset direction, which is parallel to the short side direction OE of the antenna element 51; alternatively, the preset direction may also be parallel to the long side direction of the antenna element (e.g., Figure 13 The OF direction shown is parallel; the distance between the centers of any two adjacent antenna elements is less than or equal to 1 / 2λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element.

[0065] In this type of antenna structure, the antenna element can be as follows: Figure 13 The image shows a rectangular antenna; the specific number of antenna elements is not limited. (Reference) Figure 13 As shown, multiple first grounding holes 52 can be provided around the antenna unit 51, and multiple second grounding holes 61 can be provided around the coupling unit 6 to reduce current coupling on the grounding surface of the antenna unit.

[0066] In this antenna structure, since the distance between the centers of two adjacent antenna elements is less than or equal to 1 / 2λ, the spacing between antenna elements is very small, and the spatial radiation coupling between antenna elements will be very obvious. By setting a coupling unit, the spatial radiation coupling between antenna elements can be eliminated, and the isolation between antenna elements can be greatly improved.

[0067] Figure 10 The antenna structure shown does not have a coupling element. Figure 13 The antenna structure shown has a coupling unit, and the rest of the structure is the same as the other two. Figure 10 and Figure 13 The antenna structure shown operates in the 76GHz-81GHz frequency band, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent antennas is 1.935mm (half a wavelength).

[0068] Figure 11 and Figure 12 To Figure 10 The return loss curve and isolation curve were obtained after testing the antenna structure shown. Figure 14 and Figure 15 Yes Figure 13 The antenna structure shown is tested, and the resulting return loss and isolation curves are presented. Comparison is then performed... Figure 11 and Figure 14 We can obtain: Figure 10 The return loss of the antenna structure shown is Figure 13 The return losses of the antenna structures shown are not significantly different; through comparison Figure 12 and Figure 15 We can obtain: Figure 10The antenna structure shown has an initial isolation of -24dB, and the isolation range within the 76GHz-81GHz band is [-30dB, -24dB]. Figure 13 The antenna structure shown has an initial isolation of -33dB, and an isolation range of [-45dB, -33dB] within the 76GHz-81GHz band, compared to... Figure 10 The antenna structure shown is as follows: Figure 13 The isolation of the antenna structure shown has been greatly improved.

[0069] In some implementations, reference Figure 13 As shown, any two adjacent antenna elements 51 are provided with a corresponding coupling element 6, and all coupling elements 6 are electrically connected, thereby further reducing the structural complexity and thus further reducing the cost while ensuring isolation.

[0070] This application also provides a radio frequency device, referenced in the embodiments. Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown, the antenna structure 100 includes an integrated circuit unit 9 and any of the above-mentioned components, wherein the integrated circuit unit 9 is electrically connected to the antenna unit 51 of the antenna structure 100.

[0071] This radio frequency device employs an AiP (Antenna-in-Package) packaging structure, encapsulating the integrated circuit unit and the antenna structure together. The integrated circuit unit may include chip units for transmitting radio frequency signals to the antenna unit and / or receiving radio frequency signals received by the antenna unit. The arrangement of the integrated circuit unit is not limited here.

[0072] The relevant structural description of the antenna structure in this radio frequency device can be found in the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0073] This radio frequency (RF) device features a simple structure and high antenna isolation. It can be used in electronic devices such as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) devices, Bluetooth devices, UWB (Ultra Wide Band) devices, FMCW millimeter-wave radar, or FMCW lidar. The RF device can be used for long-range detection at frequencies between 100MHz and 1GHz, or for short-range detection at frequencies between 1GHz and 4GHz.

[0074] In some implementations, the antenna structure includes at least one metal layer; the integrated circuit unit is connected to the metal layer furthest from the antenna element of the antenna structure. In this case, the integrated circuit unit can be connected to the metal layer furthest from the antenna element of the antenna structure using a flip-chip chip scale packaging (FCCSP) process.

[0075] In some embodiments, the antenna structure includes at least one dielectric layer, within which an integrated circuit unit is packaged. The integrated circuit unit can be packaged within any dielectric layer; preferably, to reduce signal interference between the integrated circuit unit and the antenna unit, the dielectric layer containing the integrated circuit unit can be the dielectric layer furthest from the antenna unit.

[0076] In one or more embodiments, reference is made to Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown, the radio frequency device also includes a PCB11; the antenna structure 100 is disposed on one side of the PCB11.

[0077] refer to Figure 16 As shown, the antenna structure 100 includes a first metal layer 1, a second dielectric layer 2, a feed line layer 3, a first dielectric layer 4, and an antenna layer 5 stacked sequentially. The feed line 31 is connected to the metal line of the first metal layer 1 through a fourth via 21. The metal line of the first metal layer 1 is electrically connected to the integrated circuit unit 9 through a bump 10. The integrated circuit unit 9 is disposed on the side of the first metal layer 1 close to the PCB 11, opposite to the PCB 11, and a gap is provided between the integrated circuit unit 9 and the PCB 11. The antenna unit is electrically connected to the integrated circuit unit through the feed line. The antenna unit can be used to radiate the radio frequency signal transmitted by the integrated circuit unit to the outside, and / or receive the external radio frequency signal and transmit the radio frequency signal to the integrated circuit unit.

[0078] refer to Figure 17 As shown, the antenna structure 100 includes a first metal layer 1, a third dielectric layer 7, a second metal layer 8, a second dielectric layer 2, a feed line layer 3, a first dielectric layer 4, and an antenna layer 5 stacked sequentially. The feed line 31 is connected to the metal line of the first metal layer 1 through a fourth via 21. The metal line of the first metal layer 1 is electrically connected to the integrated circuit unit 9 through bumps 10. The integrated circuit unit 9 is disposed on the side of the first metal layer 1 near the PCB 11, opposite to the PCB 11, and a gap is provided between the integrated circuit unit 9 and the PCB 11. The antenna unit is electrically connected to the integrated circuit unit through the feed line. The antenna unit can be used to radiate the radio frequency signal transmitted by the integrated circuit unit to the outside, and / or receive the external radio frequency signal and transmit the radio frequency signal to the integrated circuit unit.

[0079] In one or more embodiments, reference is made to Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown, the radio frequency device also includes multiple conductive parts 12; Reference Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown, multiple conductive parts 12 are arranged around the integrated circuit unit 9. These conductive parts fix the antenna structure and the PCB, and provide electrical connection. In some embodiments, the conductive parts are solder balls or solder pillars, etc.

[0080] The arrangement of multiple conductive parts is not limited; for example, they can be arranged in a ball grid array (BGA). These conductive parts can form a cavity structure with a circular, triangular, quadrilateral, or irregular cross-section. The cavity structure can be a hollow structure using air as the transmission medium, or a solid structure using insulating material as the transmission medium; there are no limitations on this. The size of the cavity structure and the dielectric constant within it both affect the signal frequency transmitted by the cavity structure. Assuming other influencing factors remain constant, a smaller cavity structure corresponds to a higher signal frequency; conversely, a higher dielectric constant corresponds to a lower signal frequency. The chip design size and the dielectric constant of the transmission medium must be considered to meet the chip's cutoff frequency requirements.

[0081] This application also provides a radar, including the radio frequency device described above. The operating band of the radar is not limited; for example, it can operate in the millimeter-wave band, but other bands are also possible. The application scenario of the radar is not limited; for example, it can be used on transportation electronic equipment such as cars, bicycles, motorcycles, ships, subways, or trains to detect vehicles, pedestrians, overpasses, trees, or parking spaces. It can also be used in security equipment such as cameras, or in other fields; no further limitations are imposed here.

[0082] This application also provides an electronic device including the aforementioned radar. This electronic device can be a component or product used in fields such as smart homes, transportation, smart homes, consumer electronics, surveillance, industrial automation, in-cabin detection, and healthcare. For example, the electronic device can be intelligent transportation equipment (e.g., automobiles, bicycles, motorcycles, ships, subways, or trains), security equipment (e.g., cameras), liquid level / flow rate detection equipment, smart wearable devices (e.g., wristbands or glasses), smart home devices (e.g., robot vacuums, door locks, televisions, air conditioners, or smart lights), various communication devices (e.g., mobile phones or tablets), and devices such as barriers, intelligent traffic lights, intelligent signs, traffic cameras, or various industrial robotic arms (or robots). Alternatively, it can be various instruments for detecting vital signs or various devices equipped with such instruments, such as in-cabin vehicle detection, indoor occupant monitoring, smart medical devices, or consumer electronic devices.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are specific examples of implementing this application, and in practical applications, various changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this application; therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, It includes at least one coupling unit, at least two antenna elements, and at least two feed lines, wherein the antenna elements and the feed lines are electrically connected; the coupling unit is used to adjust the isolation between the antenna elements. The coupling unit is at least partially disposed on the same metal layer as the feed line or the antenna unit, or the coupling unit, the feed line, and the antenna unit are disposed on different metal layers.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes a feed line layer, a first dielectric layer, and an antenna layer stacked sequentially, with the feed line disposed on the feed line layer and the antenna element disposed on the antenna layer; the coupling unit is at least partially disposed on the feed line layer or the antenna layer.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coupling unit is disposed on the feed layer; the first dielectric layer is provided with at least two first vias; the first vias connect the antenna unit and the coupling unit.

4. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coupling unit is disposed on the feeder layer; the coupling unit is connected to the feeder.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna structure further includes a first metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a feed line layer, a first dielectric layer, and an antenna layer stacked sequentially. The feed line is disposed in the feed line layer, the antenna element is disposed in the antenna layer, and the coupling unit is disposed in the first metal layer.

6. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The antenna structure is further provided with at least two second vias; the second vias connect the antenna element and the coupling element.

7. The antenna structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The antenna structure also includes at least two third vias; the third vias connect the feed line and the coupling unit.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that, The feeder layer further includes at least two coupling structures, which are correspondingly arranged with the antenna element. The coupling structures are used to couple the energy transmitted by the antenna element and / or the energy transmitted by the feeder. The coupling structures are electrically connected to the coupling element.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The coupling structure is used to couple the energy transmitted by the antenna element, and the orthographic projection of the coupling structure on the first dielectric layer is located within the orthographic projection of the antenna element on the first dielectric layer.

10. The antenna structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The coupling structure is used to couple the energy transmitted by the feeder, and there is a gap between the coupling structure and the feeder.

11. A radio frequency device, characterized in that, It includes an integrated circuit unit and an antenna structure as described in any one of claims 1-10; the integrated circuit unit is electrically connected to the antenna unit of the antenna structure.

12. The radio frequency device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes at least one metal layer; the integrated circuit unit is connected to the metal layer furthest from the antenna unit of the antenna structure.

13. The radio frequency device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes at least one dielectric layer, and the integrated circuit unit is packaged within the dielectric layer.

14. A radar, characterized in that, Includes the radio frequency device as described in any one of claims 11-13.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including the radar as described in claim 14.

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