A shield machine for tunnel collapse rescue and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application provides a shield tunneling machine for tunnel collapse rescue and a use method thereof. The shield tunneling machine is sequentially assembled by a cutter head, a front shell, a rear shell and a shield tail, and a residue discharging system is further arranged in the shield tunneling machine to outwardly convey the excavated earth and rocks in the tunneling process. A cutter head assembly of the cutter head is partially detachable, and a rescue channel for the human body to pass through is formed at the cutter head by detaching the partially detachable structure. A cutter head driving motor is located in the front shell and is in transmission connection with the cutter head to drive the cutter head to rotate around an axis. A main drive is arranged on the inner side of the tail end of the rear shell. A deviation correction drive is arranged between the front shell and the rear shell in the shield tunneling machine. The shield tunneling machine solves the problem of unreasonable design and inconvenient use of the existing shield system for tunnel collapse rescue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel collapse rescue, and in particular to a tunnel boring machine and its method of use for tunnel collapse rescue. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are widely used in tunnel excavation, especially in emergencies such as collapses, where they provide crucial support for rescue efforts. When a tunnel collapses or other safety incidents occur, it is essential to quickly remove debris or accumulated soil to create a safe working space and passage for rescue personnel. Therefore, designing a TBM suitable for tunnel collapse rescue is of great significance for improving tunnel rescue efficiency and ensuring personnel safety.

[0003] Existing tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are mainly used for tunnel excavation in tunnel construction. However, in the event of a tunnel collapse, traditional TBMs do not have the ability to efficiently clear the collapsed material and open up rescue channels. Therefore, a TBM that can quickly establish rescue channels and support rescue operations after a tunnel collapse is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a tunnel boring machine (TBM) for tunnel collapse rescue and its usage method, in order to solve the problems of unreasonable design and inconvenient use of existing TBM systems for tunnel collapse rescue.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue. The tunnel boring machine is assembled sequentially from a cutterhead, a front shell, a rear shell and a tail shield. The tunnel boring machine is also equipped with a muck removal system to transport the soil and rocks excavated during the tunneling process.

[0006] The blade head assembly of the cutter head is a partially detachable structure. By disassembling the partially detachable structure, a rescue passage that can be passed through the cutter head can be formed.

[0007] The cutter head drive motor is located inside the front housing and is connected to the cutter head drive to drive the cutter head to rotate around the axis;

[0008] The main drive is located on the inner side of the rear end of the rear housing;

[0009] The correction drive is located between the front and rear shells inside the tunnel boring machine.

[0010] In the aforementioned tunnel boring machine, the correction drive is a correction cylinder, and the correction cylinder is circumferentially distributed between the front shell and the rear shell. The two ends of the correction cylinder are respectively hinged to the hinged connection parts fixed on the inner walls of the front shell and the rear shell.

[0011] The main drive is a jacking cylinder, which is circumferentially distributed and installed in the rear housing. A segment mounting ring is also provided at the rear end of the rear housing. The main body of the jacking cylinder is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel boring machine, and both ends of the jacking cylinder are also hinged with hinged connecting parts. The hinged connecting part at the front end of the jacking cylinder is fitted and fixed to the inner wall of the rear housing, and the hinged connecting part at the rear end of the jacking cylinder is fixedly connected to the segment mounting ring. The distance between the segment mounting ring and the tail shield is adjusted by driving the jacking cylinder, thereby installing the segment between the two.

[0012] In the aforementioned tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead includes a cutter head assembly and a hopper. The hopper includes an annular hopper shell and a drive connecting ring. The cutter head assembly is fixedly installed at the front end of the annular hopper shell, and the drive connecting ring is fixedly installed at the rear end of the annular hopper shell. The drive connecting ring is connected to the cutterhead drive motor in the front shell for transmission, so as to drive the cutterhead to rotate around the axial direction through the cutterhead drive motor. The slag discharge system includes a belt conveyor. Guide plates are also fixedly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the annular hopper shell to guide the rock and soil entering the annular hopper shell onto the belt conveyor that extends into the annular hopper shell through the middle of the drive connecting ring.

[0013] In the aforementioned cutter head, the cutter head assembly includes a main cutter head fixing plate, a secondary cutter head fixing bracket, and a rear end fixing ring. Two main cutter head fixing plates are arranged parallel to each other at the center of the cutter head and fixed to the rear end fixing ring. Two sets of secondary cutter head fixing brackets are respectively arranged on the outer side of the two main cutter head fixing plates and between the rear end fixing ring. The secondary cutter head fixing bracket on one side is detachably connected to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate. Roller cutters and cutting blades are distributed and installed between the two main cutter head fixing plates and on the secondary cutter head fixing brackets.

[0014] In the aforementioned cutter head, the inner wall of the annular hopper shell or the front end face of the drive connecting ring is also fixed with a lifting lug for suspending the chain. Before the secondary cutter head fixing frame is disassembled, it is connected by the chain. After removing the connecting bolt and removing the secondary cutter head fixing frame to the outside, the secondary cutter head fixing frame is slowly lowered by controlling the chain to prevent the secondary cutter head fixing frame from falling freely to the ground.

[0015] In the aforementioned cutter head, the auxiliary cutter head fixing bracket on one side is fixed to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate by a threaded connection, while the auxiliary cutter head fixing bracket on the other side is an integral structure with the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate.

[0016] In the aforementioned cutter head, the auxiliary cutter head fixing bracket on one side includes a base connecting plate, an inclined plate, and a horizontal plate. The base connecting plate is arranged along the length direction of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate, and the base connecting plate is fixed to the outer surface of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate by a threaded connection. The two horizontal plates are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the middle of the base connecting plate, and there is a set distance between the two horizontal plates to install the roller cutter and the cutting blade. The two inclined plates are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the outside of the base connecting plate, the horizontal plate, or the main cutter head fixing plate, and there is a set distance between the two inclined plates to install the roller cutter.

[0017] In the aforementioned cutter head, one end of each of the two inclined plates is fixed to the base connecting plate and the horizontal plate, respectively, and a reinforcing rib is also fixed between the inclined plate and the horizontal plate fixed to the base connecting plate.

[0018] In the aforementioned cutter head, one side of the outer end of the main cutter head fixing plate, the inclined plate and the horizontal plate is attached to the end face of the rear end fixing ring, and the other side of the outer end is an arc-shaped curved surface. The outer end of the main cutter head fixing plate, the inclined plate and the horizontal plate is located inside the rear end fixing ring and also has a limiting protrusion. The limiting protrusion is engaged with the inner wall of the rear end fixing ring.

[0019] In the aforementioned tunnel boring machine, the rear shell has circumferentially distributed openings, and a reaction force support is installed and fixed inside the rear shell corresponding to the opening. An electrically controlled telescopic reaction force system is installed on the reaction force support. The telescopic end of the reaction force system faces the opening and can extend to the outside of the rear shell through the opening. The reaction force system is an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0020] In the aforementioned tunnel boring machine, the slag removal system includes a belt conveyor and an electric slag removal vehicle. The main body of the drive connecting ring is also a ring structure. One end of the belt conveyor extends through the ring structure of the drive connecting ring to the tail end of the cutter head assembly to receive the slag brought into the tunnel boring machine after the cutter head assembly cuts. A reversible lifting system is installed at the bottom of the belt conveyor. The electric slag removal vehicle travels between the slag discharge end of the belt conveyor and the slag removal area outside the tunnel boring machine.

[0021] In the aforementioned tunnel boring machine, the tail section includes a bottom rail and a segment support ring 42 erected at one end of the bottom rail. The main structure of the tunnel boring machine is supported by the bottom rail in the initial state. A support for supporting the segment support ring is fixed on the back of the segment support ring. The support is fixedly connected to the bottom rail or is an integral structure. The end of the bottom rail where the support is located is also connected to an extension rail for an electric muck truck to move outward to a designated position for muck discharge.

[0022] This invention also provides a method for using a tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue, specifically including:

[0023] 1) Drilling mode:

[0024] During tunnel collapse rescue, the tunnel boring machine (TBM) is first positioned, the cutterhead is started, and the collapsed body is excavated by the rotation of the cutterhead. Then, the main drive and the tail of the shield are used to install the tunnel segments and push the TBM forward as a whole. The muck removal system discharges the muck that has been cut into the TBM. The correction drive makes small corrections based on the attitude data of the TBM. At the tail of the shield, the tunnel segments are installed according to each ring of the TBM excavation.

[0025] 2) Rescue Mode:

[0026] After the shield tunnel rescue passage is opened, the cutter head is stopped and the drive is stopped. The tailings are cleared, the electric muck truck is removed, and the belt conveyor is moved back and lowered to a suitable position or completely removed, so as not to affect the passage of rescue personnel. Then, at the cutter head assembly inside the shield machine, a rescue passage that can be passed through the cutter head is formed by disassembling the aforementioned detachable structure. Rescue personnel enter the area where the trapped personnel are located and rescue the trapped personnel through the rescue passage.

[0027] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] 1. Detachable Cutterhead Assembly: The cutterhead assembly of this tunnel boring machine is a partially detachable structure. After a collapse, it can be disassembled to create a passage for rescue personnel, quickly providing rescue space. Furthermore, the secondary cutterhead fixing frame is designed as two separately detachable parts, making disassembly more flexible and convenient. When it is necessary to disassemble or replace the secondary cutterhead fixing frame, one part can be disassembled first, thereby reducing the difficulty of overall disassembly. Especially in situations with limited space, the two-part design allows operators to disassemble from different angles and positions, thereby improving work efficiency. Since the two parts can be disassembled separately, rescue personnel can disassemble the upper or lower part first according to specific needs, which helps to reduce the physical burden and difficulty of operation.

[0029] 2. A complete muck removal system: Equipped with belt conveyors and electric muck removal vehicles, the muck removal system can effectively remove the soil and rock generated during the excavation process, without affecting the rescue process and ensuring unobstructed passage in the tunnel.

[0030] 3. High-efficiency main drive and correction drive: The main drive propels the cutterhead and housing forward through the jacking cylinder, ensuring the advancement of tunneling operations; the correction drive system can make fine adjustments to ensure the correct posture of the tunnel boring machine in the tunnel and improve the accuracy of operation.

[0031] 4. Safety Design: The disassembly of the cutterhead assembly is controlled by a chain to prevent parts from falling and causing danger. Meanwhile, the electrically controlled telescopic design of the reaction force system can effectively adjust the thrust and stability of the tunnel boring machine.

[0032] 5. High adaptability: This tunnel boring machine can not only carry out excavation operations in tunnel construction, but also quickly switch to rescue mode in emergency situations. It can create a safe passage by disassembling the cutter head assembly to ensure that rescue personnel can enter smoothly.

[0033] 6. Rapid Rescue Mode: In rescue mode, the cutterhead stops working, and the adjustment of the muck removal system and belt conveyor allows the tunnel boring machine to clear the tail muck and move the equipment out without affecting the passage of rescue personnel, thus improving rescue efficiency.

[0034] The tunnel boring machine provided by this invention, through its detachable cutterhead assembly, complete muck removal system, and efficient main drive and correction drive system, can quickly clear collapsed materials and rapidly establish rescue channels when the tunnel collapses, providing a safer and more efficient working environment for rescue personnel. It provides a brand-new technical solution for ensuring construction safety and efficiency during tunnel rescue. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the present invention along direction AA;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional sectional view of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head end of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head structure;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable secondary cutter head fixing bracket in this embodiment;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another feasible detachable secondary cutter head holder;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing that the secondary cutter head fixing bracket has two detachable structures, one above and one below.

[0044] Figure 10 Yes, yes Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure for removing the upper auxiliary cutter head fixing bracket;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of the annular hopper shell and the drive connecting ring;

[0046] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the front housing structure;

[0047] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the shield tail structure. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0049] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth for the purpose of illustrating various disclosed embodiments in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various disclosed embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known apparatuses, structures, and techniques associated with this application may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments.

[0050] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of "in an embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments.

[0051] In the following description, in order to clearly demonstrate the structure and working method of the present invention, a number of directional terms will be used. However, terms such as "front", "back", "left", "right", "outside", "inside", "outward", "inward", "up", and "down" should be understood as convenient terms and not as limiting terms.

[0052] See Figures 1 to 13 This embodiment provides a tunnel boring machine (TBM) for tunnel collapse rescue, which is assembled sequentially from a cutterhead 1, a front shell 2, a rear shell 3, and a tail shield 4. The entire machine is made of high-strength steel. The TBM also includes a muck removal system 5 to transport the excavated soil and rock outwards during the tunneling process. The specific structure is as follows:

[0053] The cutter head 1 includes a cutter head assembly 11 and a hopper. The hopper includes an annular hopper shell 12 and a drive connecting ring 13. The cutter head assembly 11 is fixedly installed at the front end of the annular hopper shell 12, and the drive connecting ring 13 is fixedly installed at the rear end of the annular hopper shell 12. The drive connecting ring 13 is connected to the cutter head drive motor 21 in the front housing 2 so as to drive the cutter head 1 to rotate around the axial direction through the cutter head drive motor 21. The inner wall of the annular hopper shell 12 is also fixed with guide plates 14 distributed circumferentially to guide the soil and rock entering the annular hopper shell 12 onto the belt conveyor 51 that extends into the annular hopper shell 12 through the middle of the drive connecting ring 13. The shape of the guide plates 14 can be adjusted according to design needs and space.

[0054] The blade assembly 11 includes a main blade fixing plate 111, a secondary blade fixing bracket 112, and a rear fixing ring 113. Two main blade fixing plates 111 are arranged parallel to each other at the center of the blade disc 1 and fixed to the rear fixing ring 113. Two sets of secondary blade fixing brackets 112 are respectively arranged on the outer side of the two main blade fixing plates 111 and between the rear fixing ring 113. The secondary blade fixing bracket 112 on one side is detachably connected to the corresponding main blade fixing plate 111. A roller cutter 114 and a cutting blade 115 are distributed and installed between the two main blade fixing plates 111 and on the secondary blade fixing brackets 112. Because the secondary blade fixing bracket 112 on one side is detachably connected to the corresponding main blade fixing plate 111, the secondary blade fixing bracket 112 can be detached to form a rescue passage for human passage at the blade disc 1.

[0055] In another embodiment, the auxiliary cutter head fixing brackets 112 on both sides are detachably connected to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plates 111.

[0056] Since the area where trapped personnel are usually located is relatively large after a tunnel collapse, they can usually find and avoid the danger zone in time. Therefore, there is generally no need to worry about the secondary cutter head fixing frame 112 injuring people when it falls directly. However, it is necessary to avoid the secondary cutter head fixing frame 112 rolling when it falls directly, as well as collision damage to the secondary cutter head fixing frame 112 and other parts of the tunnel boring machine. To this end, the design of the chain and lifting lugs can minimize or reduce this problem: the inner wall of the annular hopper shell 12 or the front end face of the drive connecting ring 13 is also fixed with lifting lugs for suspending the chain. Before the secondary cutter head fixing frame 112 is disassembled, it is connected by the chain. After removing the connecting bolts and removing the secondary cutter head fixing frame 112 outward, the secondary cutter head fixing frame 112 is slowly lowered by controlling the chain to prevent the secondary cutter head fixing frame 112 from falling freely to the ground.

[0057] In this embodiment, the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on one side is fixed to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 111 by a threaded connection (12 M30 bolts), while the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on the other side is a welded integral structure with the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 111.

[0058] During disassembly:

[0059] Connect the lifting lugs on the secondary cutter head fixing bracket to the two Φ12 chains;

[0060] Use an electric wrench to remove the fixing bolts one by one;

[0061] The auxiliary cutter head fixing frame is slowly lowered using an electric hoist to prevent free fall;

[0062] After removal, a rescue channel with a diameter of approximately 0.8 to 1.0 meters is formed in the center of the cutterhead.

[0063] A further preferred structure is as follows: the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on one side includes a base connecting plate 1121, an inclined plate 1122, and a horizontal plate 1123. The base connecting plate 1121 is arranged along the length direction of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 111, and the base connecting plate 1121 is attached and fixed to the outer surface of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 111 by a threaded connection. The two horizontal plates 1123 are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the middle of the base connecting plate 1121, and there is a set distance between the two horizontal plates 1123 to install the roller cutter 114 and the cutter 115. The two inclined plates 1122 are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the outside of the base connecting plate 1121, the horizontal plate 1123, or the main cutter head fixing plate 111, and there is a set distance between the two inclined plates 1122 to install the roller cutter 114.

[0064] In another embodiment, the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on one side is threadedly connected to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 111, and the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on this side is divided into upper and lower parts, which can be disassembled or installed separately, such as... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown.

[0065] The structure of dividing the secondary cutter head holder 112 into upper and lower parts that can be disassembled and installed separately offers the following advantages:

[0066] 1. Easy to maintain and disassemble; The secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 is divided into upper and lower parts, making disassembly more flexible and convenient. When it is necessary to disassemble or replace the secondary cutter head fixing bracket, one part can be disassembled first, thereby reducing the difficulty of overall disassembly. Especially in the case of limited space, the two-part design allows the operator to disassemble from different angles and positions, thereby improving work efficiency. Since the two parts can be disassembled separately, rescuers can disassemble the upper or lower part first according to specific needs, which helps to reduce the physical burden and difficulty of operation.

[0067] 2. Enhanced structural stability: By dividing the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 into upper and lower parts, the weight of each part is reasonably distributed, avoiding the problem of excessive concentrated load that may be caused by a single large structure. The two-part design helps to improve the stability of the entire device, especially during installation and disassembly. During disassembly or installation, the overall center of gravity of the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 can be avoided from being too concentrated, so that even if a problem occurs on one side, the impact on the overall system can be reduced.

[0068] 3. Adaptability to complex terrain / space: During tunnel excavation or collapse rescue, the operating space may be limited. The design of the upper and lower auxiliary cutter head fixing frame can more easily adapt to narrow or complex working environments, especially in the case of obstacles or damaged areas. This enables the tunnel boring machine to perform its tasks better in complex terrain.

[0069] In this embodiment, one side of the outer end of the main cutter head fixing plate 111, the inclined plate 1122, and the horizontal plate 1123 is attached to the end face of the rear end fixing ring 113, and the other side of the outer end is an arc-shaped curved surface. The outer end of the main cutter head fixing plate 111, the inclined plate 1122, and the horizontal plate 1123 is located on the inner side of the rear end fixing ring 113 and also has a limiting protrusion 116. The limiting protrusion 116 is engaged in the inner wall of the rear end fixing ring 113. Through the threaded connection (such as bolt connection) between the base connecting plate 1121 and the main cutter head fixing plate 111, and the limiting protrusion 116 being engaged in the inner wall of the rear end fixing ring 113, the auxiliary cutter head fixing frame 112 is not only firmly fixed to the main cutter head fixing plate 111, but also embedded between the main cutter head fixing plate 111 and the rear end fixing ring 113, thereby ensuring the stability of the auxiliary cutter head fixing frame 112.

[0070] In this embodiment, both ends of the main cutter head fixing plate 111 and the outer ends of the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on the other side are welded and fixed to the fixing ring 113. Only the outer end of the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on one side is limited and locked to the fixing ring 113, which is generally sufficient to meet the stability requirements of rescue construction.

[0071] In another example, both ends of the main cutter head fixing plate 111 and the outer ends of the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on the other side are welded and fixed to the fixing ring 113. The outer end of the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on one side is fixedly connected to the fixing ring 113 by a threaded connection or other detachable connection structure, thereby improving the stability of the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 112 on one side.

[0072] In another embodiment, one end of the two inclined plates 1122 is fixed to the base connecting plate 1121 and the horizontal plate 1123 respectively, and a reinforcing rib 1124 is also fixed between the inclined plate 1122 fixed to the base connecting plate 1121 and the horizontal plate 1123.

[0073] The main drive is the jacking cylinder 8, which is circumferentially distributed in the rear housing 3. A segment mounting ring 9 is also provided at the rear end of the rear housing 3. The main body of the jacking cylinder 8 is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel boring machine, and the two ends of the jacking cylinder 8 are respectively hinged with hinged connection parts 7. The hinged connection part 7 at the front end of the jacking cylinder 8 is fitted and fixed to the inner wall of the rear housing 3, and the hinged connection part 7 at the rear end of the jacking cylinder 8 is fixedly connected to the segment mounting ring 9. The distance between the segment mounting ring 9 and the tail shield 4 is adjusted by driving the jacking cylinder 8, so that the segment 10 is installed between the two.

[0074] The working principle of the hydraulic cylinder is as follows: When the hydraulic cylinder retracts, the rear housing 3 moves forward, and the distance between the rear housing 3 and the tail shield 4 increases to form a segment installation area. The segment 10 is installed between the two. After the installation is completed, the jacking hydraulic cylinder 8 is driven to extend, the segment installation ring 9 tightens the segment 10 and pushes the shield machine forward as a whole.

[0075] The correction drive is a correction cylinder 6, which is circumferentially distributed between the front housing 2 and the rear housing 3. The two ends of the correction cylinder 6 are respectively hinged to the hinge connection parts 7 fixed on the inner walls of the front housing 2 and the rear housing 3. It is used to fine adjust the attitude of the tunnel boring machine and adjust the extension and retraction of the cylinder according to the real-time attitude data of the tunnel boring machine to ensure the stable operation of the tunnel boring machine.

[0076] The rear housing 3 has openings distributed along its circumference. A reaction force bracket 31 is installed and fixed inside the rear housing 3 at the corresponding opening. An electrically controlled telescopic reaction force system 32 is installed on the reaction force bracket 31. The telescopic end of the reaction force system 32 is directly opposite the opening and can extend to the outside of the rear housing 3 through the opening. The reaction force system 32 is an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0077] The stabilizing effect of the reaction force system: The reaction force system 32 is embedded in the soil around the tunnel boring machine through a telescopic structure to improve the stability of the tunnel boring machine, prevent unstable vibrations or instability during tunneling or rescue, and also ensure the smooth advancement of the tunnel boring machine during operation.

[0078] The tail section 4 includes a bottom rail 41 and a segment support ring 42 erected at one end of the bottom rail 41. The main structure of the tunnel boring machine is supported by the bottom rail 41 in the initial state. A support 43 for supporting the segment support ring 42 is fixed on the back. The support 43 is fixedly connected to the bottom rail 41 or is an integral structure. The end of the bottom rail 41 where the support 43 is located is also connected to an extension rail for the electric muck removal vehicle 52 to move outward to the designated position for muck removal.

[0079] The slag removal system 5 includes a belt conveyor 51 and an electric slag removal vehicle 52. The main body of the drive connecting ring 13 is also a ring structure. One end of the belt conveyor 51 extends through the ring structure of the drive connecting ring 13 to the tail end of the cutter head assembly 11 to receive the slag brought into the tunnel boring machine after the cutter head assembly 11 cuts. A reversible lifting system 53 is installed at the bottom of the belt conveyor 51. The electric slag removal vehicle 52 travels between the slag discharge end of the belt conveyor 51 and the slag removal area outside the tunnel boring machine. Most existing tunnel boring machines are not used for tunnel rescue, so the slag removal system does not consider issues such as dismantling / removal. In this embodiment, the belt conveyor 51 is designed as a reversible and lifting mechanism to avoid the conveyor blocking the passage after the rescue passage is dug. The conveyor belt width is 400mm-600mm, the speed is 1.2 m / s, and it can operate continuously.

[0080] The specific operating method of this tunnel boring machine is as follows:

[0081] Drilling mode: During tunnel collapse rescue, the shield machine is first positioned, the cutterhead 1 is started, and the collapsed body is excavated by the rotation of the cutterhead 1. Then, the main drive and the tail of the shield 4 are used to install the tunnel segments 10 and push the shield machine forward as a whole. The slag removal system 5 discharges the slag that has been cut into the shield machine. The correction drive makes small corrections based on the shield machine's attitude data. The tail of the shield 4 is used to install the tunnel segments 10 according to each ring of the shield machine's excavation.

[0082] Rescue mode: After the shield tunnel rescue channel is opened, the cutter head is stopped and the drive is stopped. The tailings are cleared, the electric muck truck 52 is moved out, and the belt conveyor 51 is moved back and lowered to an appropriate position or completely removed, so as not to affect the passage of rescue personnel. Then, at the cutter head assembly 11 inside the shield machine, a rescue channel that can be passed through the human body is formed at the cutter head 1 by disassembling the aforementioned detachable structure. Rescue personnel enter the area where the trapped personnel are located and rescue the trapped personnel through the rescue channel. After the rescue is completed, the secondary cutter head assembly is reinstalled.

[0083] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue, characterized in that, The tunnel boring machine is assembled from the cutterhead (1), the front shell (2), the rear shell (3) and the tail shield (4) in sequence. The tunnel boring machine is also equipped with a slag removal system (5) to transport the soil and rocks excavated during the tunneling process to the outside. The blade assembly (11) of the blade disc (1) is a partially detachable structure. By disassembling the partially detachable structure, a rescue passage that can be passed through the human body is formed at the blade disc (1). The cutter head drive motor (21) is located inside the front housing (2) and is connected to the cutter head (1) for transmission, so as to drive the cutter head (1) to rotate around the axis; The main drive is located on the inner side of the rear end of the rear housing (3); The correction drive is located between the front shell (2) and the rear shell (3) inside the tunnel boring machine.

2. The tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The correction drive is a correction cylinder (6), and the correction cylinder (6) is circumferentially distributed between the front housing (2) and the rear housing (3). The two ends of the correction cylinder (6) are respectively hinged to the hinged connection parts (7) fixed on the inner walls of the front housing (2) and the rear housing (3); The main drive is a jacking cylinder (8) which is distributed circumferentially inside the rear housing (3). A segment mounting ring (9) is also provided at the rear end of the rear housing (3). The main body of the jacking cylinder (8) is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel boring machine, and the two ends of the jacking cylinder (8) are also hinged with hinged connecting parts (7). The hinged connecting part (7) at the front end of the jacking cylinder (8) is attached and fixed to the inner wall of the rear housing (3). The hinged connecting part (7) at the rear end of the jacking cylinder (8) is fixedly connected to the segment mounting ring (9). The distance between the segment mounting ring (9) and the shield tail (4) is adjusted by driving the jacking cylinder (8), thereby installing the segment between the two.

3. The tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head (1) includes a cutter head assembly (11) and a hopper. The hopper includes an annular hopper shell (12) and a drive connecting ring (13). The cutter head assembly (11) is fixedly installed at the front end of the annular hopper shell (12), and the drive connecting ring (13) is fixedly installed at the rear end of the annular hopper shell (12). The drive connecting ring (13) is connected to the cutter head drive motor (21) in the front housing (2) for transmission, so as to drive the cutter head (1) to rotate around the axial direction through the cutter head drive motor (21). The slag discharge system (5) includes a belt conveyor (51). The inner wall of the annular hopper shell (12) is also fixed with guide plates (14) distributed along the circumference, so as to guide the soil and rock entering the annular hopper shell (12) to the belt conveyor (51) that extends into the annular hopper shell (12) through the middle of the drive connecting ring (13). The cutter head assembly (11) includes a main cutter head fixing plate (111), a secondary cutter head fixing bracket (112), and a rear fixing ring (113). Two main cutter head fixing plates (111) are arranged in parallel at the center of the cutter head (1) and fixed on the rear fixing ring (113). Two sets of secondary cutter head fixing brackets (112) are respectively arranged on the outside of the two main cutter head fixing plates (111) and between the rear fixing ring (113). The secondary cutter head fixing bracket (112) on one side is detachably connected to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (111). A hob (114) and a cutter (115) are distributed and installed between the two main cutter head fixing plates (111) and on the secondary cutter head fixing brackets (112).

4. A tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 3, characterized in that: The secondary cutter head fixing bracket (112) on one side is fixed to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (111) by a threaded connection, while the secondary cutter head fixing bracket (112) on the other side is an integral structure with the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (111).

5. A tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 4, characterized in that: The auxiliary cutter head fixing bracket (112) on one side includes a base connecting plate (1121), an inclined plate (1122), and a horizontal plate (1123). The base connecting plate (1121) is arranged along the length direction of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (111), and the base connecting plate (1121) is fixed to the outer surface of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (111) by threaded connection. The two horizontal plates (1123) are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the middle of the base connecting plate (1121), and there is a set distance between the two horizontal plates (1123) to install the roller cutter (114) and the cutter (115). The two inclined plates (1122) are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the outside of the base connecting plate (1121), the horizontal plate (1123), or the main cutter head fixing plate (111), and there is a set distance between the two inclined plates (1122) to install the roller cutter (114).

6. A tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer ends of the main blade fixing plate (111), the inclined plate (1122), and the horizontal plate (1123) are attached to the end face of the rear fixing ring (113), and the other side of the outer ends is an arc-shaped curved surface. The outer ends of the main blade fixing plate (111), the inclined plate (1122), and the horizontal plate (1123) are located on the inner side of the rear fixing ring (113) and also have a limiting protrusion (116), which is engaged in the inner wall of the rear fixing ring (113).

7. A tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rear housing (3) has openings distributed circumferentially. A reaction force bracket (31) is installed and fixed inside the rear housing (3) corresponding to the opening. An electrically controlled telescopic reaction force system (32) is installed on the reaction force bracket (31). The telescopic end of the reaction force system (32) is directly opposite the opening and can extend to the outside of the rear housing (3) through the opening. The reaction force system (32) is an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder.

8. A tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slag removal system (5) includes a belt conveyor (51) and an electric slag removal vehicle (52). The main body of the drive connecting ring (13) is also a ring structure. One end of the belt conveyor (51) extends through the ring structure of the drive connecting ring (13) to the tail end of the cutter head assembly (11) to receive the slag brought into the tunnel boring machine after the cutter head assembly (11) cuts. A reversing lifting system (53) is installed at the bottom of the belt conveyor (51). The electric slag removal vehicle (52) travels between the slag discharge end of the belt conveyor (51) and the slag removal area outside the tunnel boring machine.

9. A tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue according to claim 8, characterized in that: The shield tail (4) includes a bottom rail (41) and a segment support ring (42) erected at one end of the bottom rail (41). The main structure of the tunnel boring machine is supported by the bottom rail (41) in the initial state. A support (43) for supporting the segment support ring (42) is fixed on the back side. The support (43) is fixedly connected to the bottom rail (41) or is an integral structure. The end of the bottom rail (41) where the support (43) is located is also connected to an extension rail for the electric muck truck (52) to move outward to the designated position for muck discharge.

10. A method of using a tunnel boring machine for tunnel collapse rescue as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: 1) Drilling mode: During tunnel collapse rescue, the shield machine is first positioned, the cutterhead (1) is started, and the collapsed body is excavated by the rotation of the cutterhead (1). Then, the main drive and the tail of the shield (4) are used to install the segments and push the shield machine forward as a whole. The slag removal system (5) discharges the slag that has been cut into the shield machine. The correction drive makes small corrections based on the shield machine's attitude data. The tail of the shield (4) is used to install the segments according to each ring of the shield machine's excavation. 2) Rescue Mode: After the shield rescue channel is opened, the cutter head is stopped and the drive is stopped. The tailings are cleared and the electric muck truck (52) is removed. The belt conveyor (51) is moved back and lowered to an appropriate position or completely removed so as not to affect the passage of rescue personnel. Then, at the cutter head assembly (11) inside the shield machine, a rescue channel that can be passed through the human body is formed at the cutter head (1) by disassembling the aforementioned detachable structure. Rescue personnel enter the area where the trapped person is located and rescue the trapped person through the rescue channel.

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