Hydrogen supply system for hydrogen filling station

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy, and particularly relates to a hydrogen supply system applied to a hydrogen refueling station, comprising: a cascade buffer storage system, comprising at least one cascade buffer storage tank and a hydrogen refueling machine corresponding to the cascade buffer storage tank; and an upstream gaseous hydrogen supply link and a liquid hydrogen supply link. The capacity of the cascade buffer storage tank is calculated according to the hydrogen density at the maximum and minimum pressures obtained by fitting a non-ideal gas model according to a preset maximum hydrogen refueling demand amount for a single time; and the compressor in the gaseous hydrogen supply link and the vaporizer in the liquid hydrogen supply link are both calculated according to the equivalent hydrogen peak flow calculated according to the preset maximum hydrogen refueling demand amount for a single time. The application effectively improves the hydrogen supply stability, equipment utilization rate and operation economy of the hydrogen refueling station in multiple scenarios by constructing a redundant architecture for parallel supply of gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen and reasonably configuring the key components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy technology, specifically relating to a hydrogen supply system for use in hydrogen refueling stations. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of global energy transition and green development, hydrogen energy, with its advantages of high energy density and rapid refueling capabilities, has become a core energy carrier for decarbonization in the transportation sector. Hydrogen refueling stations (HRS), as the core terminal facilities of the hydrogen energy supply chain, directly determine the development progress of hydrogen energy in the transportation field through their rational design and economic efficiency.

[0003] Although the hydrogen energy supply chain is relatively mature, there are still some shortcomings in the component configuration of hydrogen refueling stations. On the one hand, existing hydrogen refueling stations generally adopt a single supply path of gaseous hydrogen (GH2), ignoring the advantages of liquid hydrogen (LH2) in scenarios such as long-distance transportation and large-capacity storage, resulting in incomplete coverage of hydrogen energy supply paths. On the other hand, existing hydrogen refueling stations do not fully consider the matching between component capacity and actual operational needs. For example, the hydrogen storage system is simplified to a single storage tank, and the capacity is determined only based on the constraints of the transmission and distribution network. Or, the hydrogen refueling station is equivalent to a simple combination of compressors and cascaded storage tanks, and the capacity design only refers to the production and demand curves, ignoring key factors such as peak refueling, pressure fluctuations, and energy consumption optimization. This simplified design leads to problems such as uneven component load, excessive energy consumption, and insufficient refueling efficiency during actual operation of the hydrogen refueling station, which seriously affects the economics and reliability of the hydrogen refueling station. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to propose a hydrogen refueling station system architecture that adopts both gaseous and liquid hydrogen supply paths, and to rationally configure the capacity of its components based on key factors such as peak refueling, pressure fluctuations, and energy consumption optimization, thereby effectively improving the economy and safety of the hydrogen refueling station and maintaining its efficient operation.

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations, comprising: a cascaded buffer storage system, including at least one cascaded buffer storage tank and a hydrogen dispenser corresponding to it; and upstream gaseous hydrogen supply lines and liquid hydrogen supply lines; wherein the capacity of the cascaded buffer storage tank is calculated based on a preset maximum single hydrogen refueling demand and hydrogen densities at maximum and minimum pressures obtained by fitting a non-ideal gas model; the gaseous hydrogen supply line includes at least a compressor, and the liquid hydrogen supply line includes at least a vaporizer, and the capacities of the compressor and the vaporizer are both calculated based on peak hydrogen flow rates.

[0006] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the capacity of the cascaded buffer storage tank is calculated according to the following formula: , , , in, The maximum mass of hydrogen that the cascaded buffer storage tanks can store is equivalent to their capacity. Let be the volume of the i-th storage tank in the cascaded buffer storage tanks. and The hydrogen density at the maximum and minimum pressures in the i-th storage tank is fitted by a non-ideal gas model. This is the preset maximum hydrogen refueling requirement for a single operation. This represents the hydrogen refueling requirement corresponding to the i-th storage tank.

[0007] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the peak hydrogen flow rate is calculated according to the following formula: , in, The peak flow rate of hydrogen is... The amount of hydrogen required to fill a hydrogen dispenser. This refers to the number of hydrogen refueling machines operating simultaneously. This represents the average refueling time.

[0008] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the energy consumption of the compressor is calculated according to the following formula: , in, This represents the total energy consumption of the compressor. Energy consumption per unit This represents the annual hydrogen processing capacity.

[0009] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the energy consumption of the vaporizer is calculated according to the following formula: , in, The energy consumption of the vaporizer. , These are the pressures at the outlet and inlet of the vaporizer, respectively. The efficiency of the cryogenic pump in the liquid hydrogen supply chain is given. The density is that of liquid hydrogen.

[0010] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the gaseous hydrogen supply chain further includes at least M tubular trailer storage tanks; wherein the value of M is calculated according to the following formula: , To meet the daily hydrogen refueling demand, This refers to the hydrogen capacity of the tubular trailer storage tank.

[0011] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen supply chain further includes at least N cryogenic storage tanks; wherein the value of N is calculated according to the following formula: , To meet the daily hydrogen refueling demand, This refers to the hydrogen capacity of the cryogenic storage tank.

[0012] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the number of hydrogen refueling machines is calculated according to the following formula: , in, The number of the hydrogen refueling machines. The peak flow rate of hydrogen is... The amount of hydrogen required to fill a hydrogen dispenser. The time for a single hydrogen refueling operation. This refers to the interval between two hydrogen refueling operations.

[0013] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cascaded buffer storage system further includes a pre-cooling device; wherein, the energy consumption of the pre-cooling device is calculated according to the following formula: , The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of hydrogen. For the preset target temperature drop, The coefficient of performance (COP) is used for cooling.

[0014] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the heat buffer of the precooling device is an aluminum block; wherein, the mass of the aluminum block is calculated according to the following formula: , The total mass of the aluminum block. The number of the hydrogen refueling machines. The mass of the aluminum block corresponding to each of the hydrogen refueling machines.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The hydrogen supply system proposed in this invention for hydrogen refueling stations constructs a redundant architecture with parallel supply of gaseous and liquid hydrogen sources. Based on a non-ideal gas model, peak flow analysis, and energy consumption modeling, it performs precise capacity matching and energy optimization design for key components, significantly improving the system's hydrogen supply stability, equipment utilization, and operational economy in multiple scenarios. At the same time, modular configuration enhances the system's scalability and reliability, effectively solving the problems of crude capacity design, high energy consumption, and slow response in traditional hydrogen refueling stations. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen supply system applied to a hydrogen refueling station according to one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0020] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, publicly known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1The hydrogen supply system shown is used in a hydrogen refueling station and includes two hydrogen supply paths, namely gaseous hydrogen supply path 11 and liquid hydrogen supply path 12, as well as a downstream cascaded buffer storage system 20.

[0022] Understandably, due to the differences in physical properties between gaseous and liquid hydrogen, the requirements for the types of core components, operating parameters, and system layout are quite different. When applied to hydrogen refueling station scenarios, it is necessary to comprehensively complete the component configuration to be compatible with both supply paths, so as to ensure that the construction of hydrogen refueling stations can adapt to diverse hydrogen energy supply.

[0023] Specifically, the gaseous hydrogen supply chain 11 consists of a tubular trailer storage tank (hydrogen storage component) 111 and a compressor 112. High-pressure hydrogen gas in the tubular trailer storage tank 111 flows out under its own pressure and enters the compressor 112 for pressurization to meet the pressure requirements of subsequent hydrogen refueling, storage, and supply operations. The pressurized hydrogen gas is then discharged from the compressor 112 outlet and enters the downstream cascaded buffer storage system 20.

[0024] The liquid hydrogen supply chain 12 consists of a cryogenic storage tank (hydrogen energy storage component) 121, a cryogenic pump 122, and a vaporizer 123. The liquid hydrogen in the cryogenic storage tank 121 is pressurized by the cryogenic pump 122, enters the vaporizer 123 and is vaporized into gaseous hydrogen, which is then sent out from the outlet of the vaporizer 123 to enter the downstream cascaded buffer storage system 20.

[0025] Based on the aforementioned dual-redundant hydrogen supply, the hydrogen supply to the refueling station can be ensured to be stable and reliable. At the same time, the gaseous hydrogen supply route 11 is flexible and fast, while the liquid hydrogen supply route 12 has a large capacity and high efficiency. The parallel supply of gaseous and liquid hydrogen can adapt to hydrogen refueling needs of different scales and scenarios.

[0026] In addition, the cascaded buffer storage system 20 consists of a cascaded buffer storage tank 21, a hydrogen refueling machine 22, a pre-cooling device 23, and related control electronic equipment. The cascaded buffer storage tank 21 receives high-pressure hydrogen from the gaseous hydrogen supply chain 11 or the liquid hydrogen supply chain 12, buffering and balancing the hydrogen to ensure stable and continuous refueling pressure. When hydrogen refueling is required, the high-pressure hydrogen in the cascaded buffer storage tank 21 enters the pre-cooling device 23, which lowers the hydrogen temperature to meet the requirements of low-temperature, rapid, and safe refueling at hydrogen refueling stations, preventing excessively high temperatures during refueling. Finally, the hydrogen refueling machine 22 completes a precise, controllable, and safe hydrogen refueling operation for hydrogen-powered vehicles or other hydrogen-using devices.

[0027] In practical applications, the cascaded buffer storage tank 21 is usually composed of storage tanks of three pressure levels: low, medium and high. Sequential filling is achieved through pressure equalization. This filling strategy can reduce the compressor load and ensure the rapid and safe delivery of hydrogen to the pole, but it also increases the design complexity and requires reasonable configuration of the volume of the cascaded buffer storage tank 21.

[0028] In this regard, let's assume the maximum hydrogen refueling demand in a single operation is... The maximum hydrogen refueling requirement can be determined based on the volume of currently available vehicle-mounted hydrogen tanks, with the largest value among them serving as the maximum single-use hydrogen refueling requirement. Correspondingly, the maximum single-use hydrogen refueling requirement... Its distribution relationship among the low, medium, and high pressure levels can be defined as: , in, Maximum hydrogen refueling demand in a single operation In a low / medium / high level component, that is, the amount of hydrogen refueling required by the i-th storage tank, and n can be set to 3.

[0029] The maximum mass of hydrogen that the cascaded buffer storage tank 21 can store Should meet: , in, For the volume of the i-th storage tank, a margin of 0.05 (5%) is used to cope with safety losses and operational losses.

[0030] and The amount of hydrogen required for refueling can be calculated based on the amount of hydrogen supplied by the i-th storage tank, as detailed below: , in, and The hydrogen density at the maximum and minimum pressures in the i-th storage tank is fitted by a non-ideal gas model.

[0031] Based on the above, the mass of hydrogen that a cascaded buffer storage tank 21 can store can be determined, and its capacity can be determined accordingly.

[0032] It should be added that the hydrogen dispenser 22 is similar to a "charging gun". The number of hydrogen dispensers 22 configured in a hydrogen refueling station is not limited to one. The hydrogen dispensers 22 and the cascaded buffer storage tanks 21 are configured in a one-to-one correspondence. That is, the number of cascaded buffer storage tanks 21 is required for the number of hydrogen dispensers 22.

[0033] Therefore, the total capacity of all cascaded buffer storage tanks 21 It can be determined as follows: , in, This refers to the number of hydrogen refueling machines.

[0034] Furthermore, in the application scenario of hydrogen refueling stations, the compressor 112 and the vaporizer 123 need to determine their capacity based on the peak demand for hydrogen refueling, i.e., the peak hydrogen flow rate. The calculation formula is as follows: , in, The amount of hydrogen required to fill a hydrogen dispenser. This refers to the number of hydrogen refueling machines operating simultaneously. This represents the average refueling time.

[0035] This is understandable in order to calculate the peak hydrogen flow rate. , among them This can be considered as the maximum hydrogen refueling demand in a single operation, while The total number of hydrogen dispensers can be considered as the total number of hydrogen dispensers, thus allowing the calculation of the peak hydrogen flow rate. .

[0036] Based on this, the energy consumption of compressor 112 It can be estimated using empirical formulas: , in, Energy consumption per unit This represents the annual hydrogen processing capacity.

[0037] The energy consumption of carburetor 123 The requirement is: , in, , These are the pressures at the vaporizer outlet and inlet, respectively. For the efficiency of cryogenic pump 122, The density is that of liquid hydrogen.

[0038] In addition, other auxiliary components, such as the hydrogen storage components of the gaseous hydrogen supply chain 11 and the liquid hydrogen supply chain 12, the hydrogen dispenser 22, the precooling device 23, and auxiliary electronic equipment, although not directly involved in the hydrogen compression or phase change process, are equally crucial for the reliable operation of the system. Specific configurations are as follows: For example, gaseous hydrogen supply chain route 11 is equipped with M tubular trailer storage tanks 111, and the value of M can be calculated using the following formula: , in, To meet the daily hydrogen refueling demand, This refers to the hydrogen capacity of a tubular trailer tank.

[0039] Similarly, the liquid hydrogen supply chain is deployed with N cryogenic storage tanks 121, and the value of N can be calculated using the following formula: , in, To meet the daily hydrogen refueling demand, This represents the hydrogen capacity of a cryogenic storage tank.

[0040] Furthermore, the number of hydrogen refueling machines 22 It can be determined based on the hourly peak hydrogen flow rate and the refueling cycle: , in, The amount of hydrogen required to fill a hydrogen dispenser. The time for a single hydrogen refueling operation. This refers to the interval between two hydrogen refueling operations.

[0041] Similarly, here This can be considered as the maximum hydrogen refueling demand in a single instance. Accordingly, the number of hydrogen refueling machines that need to be configured at the hydrogen refueling station should be determined based on the peak hydrogen flow rate to meet the actual hydrogen refueling demand.

[0042] The precooling device 23 needs to lower the temperature of the hydrogen from 20°C to -40°C to prevent overheating during rapid refueling, which results in higher energy consumption. The requirement is: , in, The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of hydrogen. For the preset target temperature drop, The coefficient of performance (COP) is used for cooling.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, an aluminum block is preferably used as the heat buffer in the pre-cooling device 23, and the total mass required for the aluminum block is... It can be estimated using empirical formulas as follows: , in, The number of hydrogen refueling machines. The mass of the aluminum block corresponding to each hydrogen refueling machine.

[0044] It is understandable that, since the precooling device 23 is also set up in a one-to-one correspondence with the hydrogen dispenser 22, it cools the hydrogen supplied by the cascade buffer storage tank 21 to the hydrogen dispenser 22, and the number of the cascade buffer storage tank 21, the hydrogen dispenser 22, and the precooling device 23 are kept consistent.

[0045] It should also be noted that the scale of the control and safety system (auxiliary electronic equipment) is also matched with the number of hydrogen dispensers 22. In practical applications, each hydrogen dispenser 22 can be equipped with an electronic control system. No further restrictions are imposed on this. Modifications and refinements made by those skilled in the art to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention application patent of the present invention.

[0046] In summary, the hydrogen supply system proposed in this invention for hydrogen refueling stations constructs a redundant architecture for parallel supply of gaseous and liquid hydrogen. Based on a non-ideal gas model, peak flow analysis, and energy consumption modeling, it performs precise capacity matching and energy optimization design for key components such as cascaded buffer tanks, compressors, vaporizers, and precooling devices. This significantly improves the system's hydrogen supply stability, equipment utilization, and operational economy in multiple scenarios. At the same time, modular configuration enhances the system's scalability and reliability, effectively solving the problems of crude capacity design, high energy consumption, and slow response in traditional hydrogen refueling stations.

[0047] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

[0048] Throughout this specification, the terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "specific embodiment" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment that is included in at least one embodiment of the invention, but not necessarily in all embodiments. Therefore, the various representations of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," or "in a specific embodiment" in different places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic of any specific embodiment of the invention can be combined with one or more other embodiments in any suitable manner. It should be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein may be based on the teachings herein and will be considered part of the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0049] Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly stated, any arrows in the accompanying drawings should be considered illustrative only and not limiting. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, the term "or" as used herein is generally intended to mean "and / or". Where a term is anticipated to provide a separation or combination capability that is unclear, a combination of components or steps will also be considered as indicated.

[0050] As used herein and throughout the claims below, unless otherwise specified, “a” and “the” include the plural references. Similarly, as used herein and throughout the claims below, unless otherwise specified, “in” means “in” and “on”.

[0051] The above description of the embodiments shown in this invention (including the content set forth in the abstract of the specification) is not intended to be an exhaustive enumeration or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. Although specific embodiments and examples of the invention have been described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention, as will be recognized and understood by those skilled in the art. As indicated, these modifications can be made to the invention in accordance with the above description of the embodiments described herein, and such modifications will be within the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0052] This document has generally described the systems and methods in detail to aid in understanding the invention. Furthermore, various specific details have been set forth to provide a general understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the invention can be practiced without one or more specific details, or using other means, systems, accessories, methods, components, materials, parts, etc. In other instances, publicly known structures, materials, and / or operations have not been specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the invention.

[0053] Therefore, although the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments thereof, freedom of modification, various changes and substitutions are also within the scope of the foregoing disclosure, and it should be understood that in some cases, certain features of the invention may be adopted without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention and without corresponding use of other features. Thus, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular environment or material to the essential scope and spirit of the invention. The invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology used in the following claims and / or the specific embodiments disclosed as the best mode for carrying out the invention, but the invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the invention will be defined only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen supply system for use in hydrogen refueling stations, characterized in that, include: A cascaded buffer storage system includes at least one cascaded buffer storage tank and a hydrogen refueling machine that corresponds to each of the cascaded buffer storage tanks. In addition, the upstream gaseous hydrogen supply chain and the liquid hydrogen supply chain; The capacity of the cascaded buffer storage tank is calculated based on the preset maximum single hydrogen refueling demand and the hydrogen density at the maximum and minimum pressures obtained by fitting a non-ideal gas model. The gaseous hydrogen supply chain includes at least a compressor, and the liquid hydrogen supply chain includes at least a vaporizer, wherein the capacity of the compressor and the vaporizer are calculated based on the peak hydrogen flow rate.

2. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capacity of the cascaded buffer storage tanks is calculated using the following formula: ， ， ， in, The maximum mass of hydrogen that the cascaded buffer storage tanks can store is equivalent to their capacity. Let be the volume of the i-th storage tank in the cascaded buffer storage tanks. and The hydrogen density at the maximum and minimum pressures in the i-th storage tank is fitted by a non-ideal gas model. This is the preset maximum hydrogen refueling requirement for a single operation. This represents the hydrogen refueling requirement corresponding to the i-th storage tank.

3. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peak hydrogen flow rate is calculated using the following formula: ， in, The peak flow rate of hydrogen is... The amount of hydrogen required to fill a hydrogen dispenser. This refers to the number of hydrogen refueling machines operating simultaneously. This represents the average refueling time.

4. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy consumption of the compressor is calculated according to the following formula: ， in, This represents the total energy consumption of the compressor. Energy consumption per unit This represents the annual hydrogen processing capacity.

5. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy consumption of the vaporizer is calculated using the following formula: ， in, The energy consumption of the vaporizer. , These are the pressures at the outlet and inlet of the vaporizer, respectively. The efficiency of the cryogenic pump in the liquid hydrogen supply chain is given. The density is that of liquid hydrogen.

6. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gaseous hydrogen supply chain also includes at least M tubular trailer storage tanks; The value of M is calculated according to the following formula: ， To meet the daily hydrogen refueling demand, This refers to the hydrogen capacity of the tubular trailer storage tank.

7. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen supply chain also includes at least N cryogenic storage tanks; The value of N is calculated according to the following formula: ， To meet the daily hydrogen refueling demand, This refers to the hydrogen capacity of the cryogenic storage tank.

8. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of hydrogen refueling machines is calculated according to the following formula: ， in, The number of the hydrogen refueling machines. The peak flow rate of hydrogen is... The amount of hydrogen required to fill a hydrogen dispenser. The time for a single hydrogen refueling operation. This refers to the interval between two hydrogen refueling operations.

9. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cascaded buffer storage system also includes a pre-cooling device; The energy consumption of the precooling device is calculated according to the following formula: ， The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of hydrogen. For the preset target temperature drop, The coefficient of performance (COP) is used for cooling.

10. The hydrogen supply system for hydrogen refueling stations according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat buffer of the precooling device is made of aluminum; The mass of the aluminum block is calculated according to the following formula: ， The total mass of the aluminum block. The number of the hydrogen refueling machines. The mass of the aluminum block corresponding to each of the hydrogen refueling machines.

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