A defect detection method, detection device and application thereof in porcelain insulator

Abstract

The application relates to the field of insulators, and discloses a defect detection method, a detection device and application of the detection device in a porcelain insulator, which comprises a workbench, the top end of the workbench is provided with a lifting driving mechanism, an insulator control assembly is arranged on the lifting driving mechanism, the insulator control assembly comprises four supports, the four supports comprise a first moving frame, a second moving frame, a first fixed frame and a second fixed frame, a fixed control piece is arranged on the second fixed frame, the first moving frame and the second moving frame are provided with connecting mounting pieces, and a clamping mounting piece is arranged between the first moving frame and the second moving frame. In the application, the porcelain insulator is arranged between two rotating blocks, the rotating cylinder can be driven to rotate under the driving of a second motor, and then the rotation detection and the movement along the length of the porcelain insulator are realized, the detection position is adjusted, and the two movement steps are driven to be completed by the second motor, so that the application is convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of insulator testing, specifically a defect detection method, testing equipment, and its application in porcelain insulators. Background Technology

[0002] Porcelain insulators, as critical insulating components in power systems, are widely used in power facilities such as substations and transmission lines. Their shed structure directly determines the insulator's insulation performance, anti-flashover capability, and service life. Defects on the shed surface, such as cracks, glaze defects, peeling, edge chipping, pinholes, and dirt accumulation, significantly reduce the insulator's insulation reliability and may even lead to safety accidents such as short circuits and tripping in power equipment. Therefore, efficient and accurate visual inspection of the porcelain insulator shed surface is a crucial step in the operation, maintenance, and manufacturing process of power equipment.

[0003] Currently, the industry commonly employs manual or semi-automatic visual inspection methods for visual inspection of the surface of porcelain insulator skirts. Among these, semi-automatic visual inspection has become the mainstream method due to its higher inspection efficiency and relatively stable accuracy compared to manual inspection. The core principle of this type of semi-automatic visual inspection equipment is to acquire images of the porcelain insulator skirt surface using an industrial camera, and then analyze the images using image processing algorithms to identify various defects on the skirt surface, thereby determining the quality of the porcelain insulator skirts. However, it still has the following drawbacks: Because porcelain insulators have a columnar structure with their skirts arranged in a ring around the insulator body, and because there are many skirts in a layered manner, to achieve comprehensive visual inspection of the upper surface, lower surface, and edges of each layer of skirts and avoid blind spots, two independent driving devices must be set up simultaneously. One device drives the porcelain insulator to move linearly along its axis to sequentially inspect different layers of skirts, while the other device drives the porcelain insulator to rotate around its central axis to achieve a comprehensive scan of the entire ring surface of the same layer of skirts. The setup of two driving devices not only makes the structure of the entire inspection equipment complex and the operation process cumbersome, but also increases the cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a defect detection method, a detection device and its application in porcelain insulators, which effectively solves the problems existing in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators, comprising the following detection steps: S1. Installation: Install the porcelain insulator between the first movable frame and the second movable frame; S2, Move: Move the mounting bracket upwards, simultaneously fix the limit block, drive the rotating screw to rotate, drive the porcelain insulator to move along its length, and move the first umbrella skirt to below the mounting bracket; S3. Inspection: Move the mounting bracket downwards so that the two inspection cameras move to both sides of the umbrella skirt respectively. Then drive the rotating screw to rotate, drive the porcelain insulator to rotate, and inspect the surface of both sides of the umbrella skirt. S4. Repeat the above operation to perform visual inspection on each skirt on the porcelain insulator.

[0006] A porcelain insulator testing device includes a workbench, a lifting drive mechanism is installed on the top of the workbench, and an insulator control component is provided on the lifting drive mechanism. The insulator control assembly includes four supports, which include a first movable frame, a second movable frame, a first fixed frame, and a second fixed frame. The second fixed frame is equipped with a fixed control component. The first and second movable frames are equipped with connecting mounting parts, and a clamping mounting part is provided between the first and second movable frames for clamping the porcelain insulator. A connecting platform is fixedly installed between the first fixed frame and the second fixed frame. A rotation drive component is provided on the first fixed frame, and a rotation limit component is provided on the second fixed frame. The rotation drive component and the rotation limit component cooperate to drive the porcelain insulator to move along the length direction and rotate for detection.

[0007] Preferably, the bracket includes a ring frame, a bottom seat is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the ring frame, a connecting platform is fixedly installed between the bottom seat on the first fixed frame and the bottom seat on the second fixed frame, a first movable frame is disposed between the second movable frame and the first fixed frame, guide rods are symmetrically installed on the side of the bottom seat on the first fixed frame away from the connecting platform, the guide rods are located below the first movable frame and the second movable frame, and guide sleeves are symmetrically installed at the bottom ends of the bottom seats of the first movable frame and the bottom ends of the bottom seats of the second movable frame, the guide sleeves are sleeved on the outside of the guide rods.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting mounting component includes rotating blocks symmetrically rotatably mounted on the inner side of the annular frame of the first movable frame and the inner side of the annular frame of the second movable frame. The two rotating blocks are equipped with fixing pins at equal angles at one end close to each other. The fixing pins correspond to the bolt holes on the steel caps and steel feet at both ends of the insulator. A rotating screw is coaxially mounted on the rotating block of the first movable frame on the side close to the first fixed frame. A sliding limit groove is coaxially opened inside the rotating screw.

[0009] Preferably, the clamping and mounting component includes a fixed box fixedly mounted on the bottom seat of the first movable frame near the side of the second movable frame. An n-type connecting frame is movably mounted inside the fixed box. One end of the n-type connecting frame is fixedly connected to the bottom seat of the second movable frame. Gear grooves are evenly formed on one inner wall of the n-type connecting frame. A first gear is provided on the inner side of the fixed box. The first gear meshes with the gear grooves. The first gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor. The first motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed box.

[0010] Preferably, the rotation drive component includes a rotating screw cylinder rotatably mounted in an annular frame on a first fixed frame, a rotating screw meshing with the inner side of the rotating screw cylinder, a toothed ring mounted circumferentially on the rotating screw cylinder, a second gear meshing with the lower part of the toothed ring, the second gear being fixedly connected to the output shaft of a second motor, and the second motor being mounted on a bottom base.

[0011] Preferably, the rotation limiting component includes a limiting rotating block rotatably mounted in the annular frame on the second fixed frame, and a sliding limiting rod is fixedly mounted on the side of the limiting rotating block near the rotating screw cylinder, and the sliding limiting rod is slidably mounted on the inner side of the sliding limiting groove.

[0012] Preferably, the fixing control component includes a negative pressure chamber opened inside the bottom seat of the second fixing frame, a negative pressure suction cup installed on the bottom wall of the annular frame, a smooth outer wall of the limiting rotating block, the end wall of the negative pressure chamber being in close contact with the outer wall of the limiting rotating block, a piston block being movably installed inside the negative pressure chamber, springs being symmetrically installed at the bottom end of the piston block, a piston rod being fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston block, the bottom end of the piston rod extending through to the bottom of the bottom seat, and a connecting block being installed at the bottom end of the piston rod, wherein the inner cavity of the negative pressure suction cup is connected to the cavity located below the piston block in the negative pressure chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the lifting drive mechanism includes two support slides symmetrically installed on the top of the worktable. Two sliding frames are slidably installed on one side of each support slide. Two fixed side rods and a central tie rod are fixedly installed between the two sliding frames. The two fixed side rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central tie rod. A mounting frame is fixedly installed between the two fixed side rods. Two detection cameras are symmetrically installed on the mounting frame. The bottom seat of the second fixed frame and the end of the guide rod are respectively fixedly connected to the two support slides.

[0014] Preferably, the defect detection method is applied to the defect detection of porcelain insulators, wherein the porcelain insulators are suspension porcelain insulators, post porcelain insulators, or rod-shaped porcelain insulators, and the defects include surface cracks of the sheds, glaze damage, and traces of pollution discharge.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) In this invention, the porcelain insulator is installed between two rotating blocks. Under the drive of the second motor, the rotating screw can be driven to rotate, thereby realizing the self-rotation detection of the porcelain insulator and its movement along its length, realizing the detection position adjustment. Both movement steps are driven by the second motor, which is convenient to use. (2) In this invention, the rotating screw on one side of the rotating block is threadedly connected to the rotating screw barrel, and a sliding limit rod is slidably installed in the sliding limit groove inside the rotating screw. When the limit rotating block is fixed, the rotation of the rotating screw is restricted, so that the rotation of the rotating screw barrel can only drive the porcelain insulator to move along its length direction for position adjustment. When the limit rotating block is not fixed, the rotation of the rotating screw barrel can drive the porcelain insulator to rotate synchronously, thereby realizing rotation detection. (3) In this invention, the inner cavity of the negative pressure suction cup is connected to the cavity located below the piston block on the negative pressure chamber. The mounting frame moves upward to move the two detection cameras away from both sides of the umbrella skirt and simultaneously drives the piston block to move upward to fix the limiting rotating block, which facilitates the movement of the porcelain insulator and avoids obstructing the movement of the porcelain insulator. The mounting frame moves downward to move the two detection cameras to both sides of the umbrella skirt and releases the limiting rotating block from being fixed, which facilitates the rotation of the porcelain insulator and performs synchronous visual inspection on both sides of the umbrella skirt, thereby improving the defect detection efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0017] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the porcelain insulator testing equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the insulator control assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping and mounting component structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating drive component structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing control component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the screw lifting component structure of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Workbench; 2. Lifting drive mechanism; 21. Support slide; 22. Sliding frame; 23. Fixed side rod; 24. Central tie rod; 25. Mounting frame; 26. Detection camera; 27. Screw lifting component; 3. Insulator control assembly; 31. Bracket; 31a. First moving frame; 31b. Second moving frame; 31c. First fixed frame; 31d. Second fixed frame; 311. Ring frame; 312. Bottom seat; 32. Connecting platform; 33. Guide rod; 34. Guide sleeve; 35. Connecting mounting component; 351. Rotating block; 352. Rotating screw; 353. Sliding limiting groove; 36. Clamping mounting component; 361. Fixing box; 362. N-type connecting frame; 363. Gear groove; 364. First gear; 365. First motor; 37. Rotation driving component; 371. Rotating screw barrel; 372. Gear ring; 373. Second gear; 374. Second motor; 38. Rotation limiting component; 381. Limiting rotating block; 382. Sliding limiting rod; 39. Fixing control component; 391. Negative pressure chamber; 392. Negative pressure suction cup; 393. Piston block; 394. Spring; 395. Piston rod; 396. C-type connecting block. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This invention relates to a method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators, the detection steps of which are as follows: S1. Installation: Install the porcelain insulator between the first movable frame 31a and the second movable frame 31b; S2, Move: Move the mounting bracket 25 upward, simultaneously fix the limit block 381, drive the rotating screw 371 to rotate, drive the porcelain insulator to move along its length, and move the first umbrella skirt to below the mounting bracket 25. S3. Inspection: Move the mounting bracket 25 downwards so that the two inspection cameras 26 are moved to both sides of the umbrella skirt respectively. Then drive the rotating screw 371 to rotate, drive the porcelain insulator to rotate, and inspect the surface of both sides of the umbrella skirt. S4. Repeat the above operation to perform visual inspection on each skirt on the porcelain insulator.

[0020] Depend on Figure 1 A porcelain insulator testing device is provided, comprising a workbench 1, a lifting drive mechanism 2 installed on the top of the workbench 1, and an insulator control component 3 provided on the lifting drive mechanism 2.

[0021] Depend on Figure 6 The lifting drive mechanism 2 includes two support slides 21 symmetrically mounted on the top of the worktable 1. Two sliding frames 22 are slidably mounted on one side of each support slide 21. Two fixed side rods 23 and a central tie rod 24 are fixedly mounted between the two sliding frames 22. The two fixed side rods 23 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central tie rod 24. A mounting frame 25 is fixedly mounted between the two fixed side rods 23. Two detection cameras 26 are symmetrically mounted on the mounting frame 25.

[0022] Depend on Figure 2 As shown, the insulator control assembly 3 includes four supports 31, each of which includes a first movable frame 31a, a second movable frame 31b, a first fixed frame 31c, and a second fixed frame 31d. A fixing control component 39 is provided on the second fixed frame 31d. A connecting mounting component 35 is provided on the first movable frame 31a and the second movable frame 31b. A clamping mounting component 36 is provided between the first movable frame 31a and the second movable frame 31b for clamping the porcelain insulator. A connecting platform 32 is fixedly installed between the first fixed frame 31c and the second fixed frame 31d. A rotation drive component 37 is provided on the first fixed frame 31c, and a rotation limit component 38 is provided on the second fixed frame 31d. The rotation drive component 37 and the rotation limit component 38 cooperate to drive the porcelain insulator to move along the length direction and detect rotation.

[0023] Depend on Figure 2 and Figure 5 The bracket 31 includes an annular frame 311, with a bottom seat 312 fixedly installed at the bottom end of the annular frame 311. A connecting platform 32 is fixedly installed between the bottom seat 312 on the first fixed frame 31c and the bottom seat 312 on the second fixed frame 31d. A first movable frame 31a is disposed between the second movable frame 31b and the first fixed frame 31c. A guide rod 33 is symmetrically installed on the side of the bottom seat 312 on the first fixed frame 31c away from the connecting platform 32. The guide rod 33 is located below the first movable frame 31a and the second movable frame 31b. A guide sleeve 34 is symmetrically installed at the bottom end of the bottom seat 312 of the first movable frame 31a and the bottom end of the bottom seat 312 of the second movable frame 31b. The guide sleeve 34 is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod 33. The bottom seat 312 of the second fixed frame 31d and the end of the guide rod 33 are respectively fixedly connected to two support slides 21.

[0024] Depend on Figure 3As shown, the connecting mounting component 35 includes rotating blocks 351 symmetrically rotatably mounted on the inner side of the annular frame 311 of the first movable frame 31a and the inner side of the annular frame 311 of the second movable frame 31b. The two rotating blocks 351 are equipped with fixing pins at equal angles at one end close to each other. The fixing pins correspond to the bolt holes on the steel caps and steel feet at both ends of the insulator. A rotating screw 352 is coaxially mounted on the rotating block 351 of the first movable frame 31a on the side close to the first fixed frame 31c. A sliding limit groove 353 is coaxially opened inside the rotating screw 352.

[0025] Depend on Figure 3 The clamping mounting component 36 includes a fixed box 361 fixedly mounted on the bottom seat 312 of the first movable frame 31a near the side of the second movable frame 31b. An n-type connecting frame 362 is movably mounted inside the fixed box 361. One end of the n-type connecting frame 362 is fixedly connected to the bottom seat 312 of the second movable frame 31b. The inner wall of one side of the n-type connecting frame 362 is evenly provided with toothed grooves 363. A first gear 364 is provided on the inner side of the fixed box 361. The first gear 364 meshes with the toothed groove 363. The first gear 364 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 365. The first motor 365 is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed box 361.

[0026] Depend on Figure 4 The rotating drive component 37 includes a rotating screw cylinder 371 rotatably mounted within an annular frame 311 on the first fixed frame 31c. A rotating screw 352 is meshed and mounted inside the rotating screw cylinder 371. A gear ring 372 is mounted circumferentially on the rotating screw cylinder 371. A second gear 373 is meshed and connected below the gear ring 372. The second gear 373 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a second motor 374. The second motor 374 is mounted on a bottom seat 312. The porcelain insulator is mounted between two rotating blocks 351. Driven by the second motor 374, the rotating screw cylinder 371 can be driven to rotate, thereby realizing the self-rotation detection of the porcelain insulator and its movement along its length, and realizing the detection position adjustment. Both movement steps are driven by the second motor 374, which is convenient to use.

[0027] Depend on Figure 4The rotating limiting component 38 includes a limiting block 381 rotatably mounted on the second fixed frame 31d within the annular frame 311. A sliding limiting rod 382 is fixedly mounted on the side of the limiting block 381 near the rotating screw cylinder 371. The sliding limiting rod 382 is slidably mounted inside the sliding limiting groove 353. The rotating screw 352 on one side of the rotating block 351 is threadedly connected to the rotating screw cylinder 371. The sliding limiting rod 382 is slidably mounted in the sliding limiting groove 353 within the rotating screw 352. When the limiting block 381 is fixed, the rotation of the rotating screw 352 is restricted, so that the rotation of the rotating screw cylinder 371 can only drive the porcelain insulator to move along its length direction for position adjustment. When the limiting block 381 is not fixed, the rotation of the rotating screw cylinder 371 can drive the porcelain insulator to rotate synchronously, achieving rotation detection.

[0028] Depend on Figure 6 The fixed control component 39 includes a negative pressure chamber 391 opened inside the bottom seat 312 of the second fixed frame 31d. A negative pressure suction cup 392 is installed on the inner bottom wall of the annular frame 311. The outer wall of the limiting rotating block 381 is smoothly arranged. The end wall of the negative pressure chamber 391 is in close contact with the outer wall of the limiting rotating block 381. A piston block 393 is movably installed inside the negative pressure chamber 391. Springs 394 are symmetrically installed at the bottom end of the piston block 393. A piston rod 395 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston block 393. The bottom end of the piston rod 395 extends through to the bottom of the bottom seat 312. A C-shaped connecting block 396 is installed at the bottom end of the piston rod 395. The negative pressure suction cup 392 contains... The cavity and the cavity below the piston block 393 on the negative pressure cavity 391 are connected. The inner cavity of the negative pressure suction cup 392 is connected to the cavity below the piston block 393 on the negative pressure cavity 391. The mounting bracket 25 moves upward to move the two detection cameras 26 away from the sides of the umbrella skirt and simultaneously drives the piston block 393 to move upward, fixing the limiting rotating block 381 to facilitate the movement of the porcelain insulator and avoid obstructing the movement of the porcelain insulator. The mounting bracket 25 moves downward to move the two detection cameras 26 to the sides of the umbrella skirt and releases the limiting rotating block 381 to facilitate the rotation of the porcelain insulator and perform synchronous visual inspection on both sides of the umbrella skirt, improving the efficiency of defect detection.

[0029] Working principle: First, the porcelain insulator is fixed. During use, according to the length of the porcelain insulator, the first motor 365 is turned on, driving the first gear 364 to rotate. The first gear 364 meshes with the tooth groove 363, thereby driving the second moving frame 31b to move away from the first moving frame 31a, placing the porcelain insulator between the two rotating blocks 351. Then, the second moving frame 31b is driven to move towards the first moving frame 31a to clamp the porcelain insulator. The fixing pins on the two rotating blocks 351 are respectively inserted into the corresponding bolt holes on the steel caps and steel feet at both ends of the porcelain insulator to fix the porcelain insulator. Then, the screw lifting component 27 drives the fixed side rod 23 and the middle pull rod 24 to move upward, causing the detection camera 26 to move upward away from the porcelain insulator. The upward movement of the middle pull rod 24, in turn, pushes the piston block 393 upward. The inner cavity of the negative pressure suction cup 392 is connected to the cavity on the negative pressure chamber 391 located below the piston block 393, so that the negative pressure suction cup 392 and the limiting rotating block 381 are in a negative pressure fixed state. When the limiting rotating block 381 is fixed by negative pressure, the sliding limiting rod 382 slides with the sliding limiting groove 353 on the rotating screw 352. The connection limits the rotation screw 352, preventing the rotating block 351 from rotating. At this time, the second motor 374 is turned on, driving the second gear 373 to rotate. The second gear 373 meshes with the gear ring 372, thereby driving the rotating screw 371 to rotate. The rotating screw 371 is threadedly connected to the rotating screw 352. After the rotating screw 371 rotates, it pushes the first moving frame 31a and the second moving frame 31b to move along the guide rod 33, thereby driving the fixed porcelain insulator to move until the first shed of the porcelain insulator moves to below the mounting frame 25. Then, the second motor 374 is stopped, and the fixed side rod 23 and the middle tie rod 24 are driven to move downward through the screw lifting component 27. The downward movement of the fixed side rod 23 causes the mounting frame 25 to move downward, thereby moving the two inspection cameras 26 to both sides of the umbrella skirt. The two inspection cameras 26 respectively take pictures and collect images of the two sides of the umbrella skirt surface. The collected images are transmitted to the computer for comparison and defect detection of the umbrella skirt surface. The synchronous central pull rod 24 pushes the piston block 393 upward, thereby releasing the negative pressure fixation between the negative pressure suction cup 392 and the limit rotating block 381. At this time, the second motor 374 is turned on, and the second gear 373 is driven to rotate. Under the thread engagement of the rotating screw 371 and the rotating screw 352, the rotating screw 371 rotates and drives the rotating screw 352 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the rotating block 351 and the porcelain insulator between the two rotating blocks 351 to rotate, thereby facilitating the complete inspection of the umbrella skirt. After one umbrella skirt is inspected, repeat the above operation to inspect each umbrella skirt in turn.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for detecting defects in porcelain insulators, characterized in that the detection steps are as follows: S1. Installation: Install the porcelain insulator between the first movable frame (31a) and the second movable frame (31b); S2, Move: Move the mounting bracket (25) upward, simultaneously fix the limit block (381), drive the rotating screw (371) to rotate, drive the porcelain insulator to move along its length, and move the first umbrella skirt to below the mounting bracket (25); S3, Inspection: Move the mounting bracket (25) downwards so that the two inspection cameras (26) move to the two sides of the umbrella skirt respectively, and then drive the rotating screw (371) to rotate, drive the porcelain insulator to rotate, and inspect the two sides of the umbrella skirt. S4. Repeat the above operation to perform visual inspection on each skirt on the porcelain insulator.

2. A porcelain insulator testing device, comprising a workbench (1), characterized in that: The top of the workbench (1) is equipped with a lifting drive mechanism (2), and an insulator control assembly (3) is provided on the lifting drive mechanism (2). The insulator control assembly (3) includes four supports (31), the four supports (31) include a first movable frame (31a), a second movable frame (31b), a first fixed frame (31c) and a second fixed frame (31d), and a fixed control component (39) is provided on the second fixed frame (31d). The first movable frame (31a) and the second movable frame (31b) are provided with connecting mounting parts (35), and a clamping mounting part (36) is provided between the first movable frame (31a) and the second movable frame (31b) for clamping the porcelain insulator. A connecting platform (32) is fixedly installed between the first fixed frame (31c) and the second fixed frame (31d). A rotation drive component (37) is provided on the first fixed frame (31c), and a rotation limit component (38) is provided on the second fixed frame (31d). The rotation drive component (37) and the rotation limit component (38) cooperate to drive the porcelain insulator to move along the length direction and rotate for detection.

3. The porcelain insulator testing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket (31) includes a ring frame (311), a bottom seat (312) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the ring frame (311), a connecting platform (32) is fixedly installed between the bottom seat (312) on the first fixed frame (31c) and the bottom seat (312) on the second fixed frame (31d), a first movable frame (31a) is set between the second movable frame (31b) and the first fixed frame (31c), a guide rod (33) is symmetrically installed on the side of the bottom seat (312) on the first fixed frame (31c) away from the connecting platform (32), the guide rod (33) is located below the first movable frame (31a) and the second movable frame (31b), a guide sleeve (34) is symmetrically installed at the bottom end of the bottom seat (312) of the first movable frame (31a) and the bottom end of the bottom seat (312) of the second movable frame (31b), and the guide sleeve (34) is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod (33).

4. The porcelain insulator testing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting mounting component (35) includes rotating blocks (351) symmetrically rotatably mounted on the inner side of the annular frame (311) of the first movable frame (31a) and the inner side of the annular frame (311) of the second movable frame (31b). The two rotating blocks (351) are equipped with fixing pins at equal angles at one end close to each other. The fixing pins correspond to the bolt holes on the steel caps and steel feet at both ends of the insulator. A rotating screw (352) is coaxially mounted on the rotating block (351) of the first movable frame (31a) on the side close to the first fixed frame (31c). A sliding limit groove (353) is coaxially opened inside the rotating screw (352).

5. The porcelain insulator testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping and mounting component (36) includes a fixed box (361) fixedly mounted on the bottom seat (312) of the first movable frame (31a) near the side of the second movable frame (31b). An n-type connecting frame (362) is movably mounted inside the fixed box (361). One end of the n-type connecting frame (362) is fixedly connected to the bottom seat (312) of the second movable frame (31b). A toothed groove (363) is evenly opened on one side of the inner wall of the n-type connecting frame (362). A first gear (364) is provided on the inner side of the fixed box (361). The first gear (364) meshes with the toothed groove (363). The first gear (364) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor (365). The first motor (365) is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed box (361).

6. The porcelain insulator testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation drive (37) includes a rotating screw (371) rotatably mounted in an annular frame (311) on the first fixed frame (31c), a rotating screw (352) meshing with the inner side of the rotating screw (371), a toothed ring (372) mounted on the circumference of the rotating screw (371), a second gear (373) meshing with the lower part of the toothed ring (372), the second gear (373) being fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor (374), and the second motor (374) being mounted on the bottom seat (312).

7. The porcelain insulator testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotation limiting component (38) includes a limiting rotating block (381) rotatably mounted in the annular frame (311) on the second fixed frame (31d). A sliding limiting rod (382) is fixedly mounted on the side of the limiting rotating block (381) near the rotating screw (371). The sliding limiting rod (382) is slidably mounted on the inner side of the sliding limiting groove (353).

8. The porcelain insulator testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed control component (39) includes a negative pressure chamber (391) opened inside the bottom seat (312) of the second fixed frame (31d), a negative pressure suction cup (392) installed on the inner bottom wall of the ring frame (311), the outer wall of the limiting rotating block (381) is smoothly arranged, the end wall of the negative pressure chamber (391) is in close contact with the outer wall of the limiting rotating block (381), a piston block (393) is movably installed inside the negative pressure chamber (391), a spring (394) is symmetrically installed at the bottom end of the piston block (393), a piston rod (395) is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the piston block (393), the bottom end of the piston rod (395) extends through to the bottom of the bottom seat (312), and a C-shaped connecting block (396) is installed at the bottom end of the piston rod (395). The inner cavity of the negative pressure suction cup (392) is connected to the cavity located below the piston block (393) on the negative pressure chamber (391).

9. A porcelain insulator testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lifting drive mechanism (2) includes two support slides (21) symmetrically installed on the top of the workbench (1). Two sliding frames (22) are slidably installed on one side of each support slide (21). Two fixed side rods (23) and a central tie rod (24) are fixedly installed between the two sliding frames (22). The two fixed side rods (23) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central tie rod (24). A mounting frame (25) is fixedly installed between the two fixed side rods (23). Two detection cameras (26) are symmetrically installed on the mounting frame (25). The bottom seat (312) of the second fixed frame (31d) and the end of the guide rod (33) are fixedly connected to the two support slides (21).

10. The application of the defect detection method according to claim 1 in the defect detection of porcelain insulators, characterized in that, The porcelain insulators are suspension porcelain insulators, post porcelain insulators, or rod-shaped porcelain insulators. Defects include surface cracks in the skirts, glaze damage, and traces of pollution discharge.

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