Display module, display device and 3D display system

Abstract

The application discloses a display module, a display device and a 3D display system. The display module of one embodiment comprises a display panel and a glass-based phase delay layer arranged on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The display panel comprises a display substrate, a first polarizer arranged on the side of the display substrate away from the light-emitting side, a liquid crystal layer arranged on the light-emitting side of the display substrate, a color film substrate and a second polarizer. A microlens array is arranged between the display panel and the glass-based phase delay layer. The display panel has left and right eye pixel rows arranged alternately. The glass-based phase delay layer is composed of a transparent glass substrate and a light adjusting layer. The microlens corresponds to the pixel row one by one and has a refractive index greater than the display panel, the glass-based phase delay layer and the adjacent adhesive layer. The application sets the microlens array between the display panel and the glass-based phase delay layer to replace the black matrix of the glass-based phase delay layer, solves the display defects of bright and dark stripes in the prior art, improves the transmittance, effectively improves the display effect and expands the effective viewing angle for 3D viewing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module, display device, and 3D display system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, passive polarized 3D displays have become the mainstream technology in the field of polarized glasses 3D displays. They display left and right views by interlacing odd and even rows of pixels in a 2D layer, and then process the light into circularly polarized light (either left or right) through a glass-based phase retardation layer (GPR), achieving stereoscopic imaging in conjunction with polarized glasses. A traditional GPR layer includes a phase retardation light adjustment region and a periodic black matrix (GPR BM). The GPR BM is used to block stray light to ensure that light only exits from the corresponding polarization region. However, in practical applications, display defects have been found, such as the formation of periodic, unevenly bright and dark stripes on the display screen, affecting the display effect and user experience.

[0003] Therefore, how to solve the display problems of passive polarized 3D display devices has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the aforementioned problems, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a display module, including a display panel and a glass-based phase retardation layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The display panel includes a display substrate, a first polarizer disposed on the display substrate away from the light-emitting side, a liquid crystal layer, a color filter substrate, and a second polarizer disposed on the side of the display substrate away from the first polarizer. The display module further includes a microlens array disposed between the display panel and the glass-based phase retardation layer. The display panel includes multiple alternating rows of pixels, and each pair of adjacent rows of pixels includes a first row of pixels for displaying left-eye image information and a second row of pixels for displaying right-eye image information; The glass-based phase retardation layer consists of a transparent glass substrate and an optical modulation layer; The microlens array includes microlenses that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of pixel rows. The refractive index of the microlens is greater than the refractive index of the second polarizer, greater than the refractive index of the glass-based phase retardation layer, and also greater than the refractive index of the adhesive layer adjacent to the microlens array.

[0005] For example, in some embodiments of the display module provided in this application, the microlens is a cylindrical microlens. The light modulation layer includes multiple optical regions arranged alternately, and each pair of adjacent optical regions includes a left-handed circularly polarized light region corresponding to the first pixel row and a right-handed circularly polarized light region corresponding to the second pixel row; Each cylindrical microlens corresponds one-to-one with the optical zone.

[0006] For example, in some embodiments of the display module provided in this application, the display panel includes a black matrix located between two adjacent pixel rows, each pixel row includes multiple pixel units, and each pixel unit includes an opening area; In a cross-section perpendicular to the extension direction of the cylindrical microlens, the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is aligned with the centerline of the opening region of the corresponding pixel row. The two ends of the bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens coincide with the midpoints of the black matrix on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding pixel row, respectively.

[0007] For example, in some embodiments of the display module provided in this application, the cylindrical microlens includes a bottom structure and an optical structure. In a cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cylindrical microlens, the bottom structure is rectangular, and the optical structure is an isosceles triangle. The axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is the angle bisector of the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle; The length of the base of the isosceles triangle is equal to the height of the pixel row.

[0008] For example, in the display module provided in some embodiments of this application, the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle and the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens satisfy the following formula: 90° - θ / 2 > Arcsin(n2 / n1) Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens, and n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer.

[0009] For example, in some embodiments of the display module provided in this application, the height of the cylindrical microlens is: h = P / (2 × tanθ) Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, and P is the height of the pixel row.

[0010] For example, in some embodiments of the display module provided in this application, the light emitted from the display substrate intersects with the cylindrical microlens on the side of the isosceles triangle away from the display substrate, and the distance between the intersection point and the vertex of the isosceles triangle is less than: P*tan{180°-θ / 2-arcsin[n1 / n2×sin(90°-θ / 2)]} Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, P is the height of the pixel row, n1 is the refractive index of the microlens, and n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer.

[0011] For example, in some embodiments of the display module provided in this application, the cylindrical microlens includes a bottom structure and an optical structure. In a cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cylindrical microlens, the bottom structure is rectangular, and the optical structure is arc-shaped, wherein the arc shape is a shape formed by a partial arc segment of a circle and a corresponding chord segment. The axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is the perpendicular bisector of the arc segment of the bow shape; The length of the string segment is equal to the height of the pixel row.

[0012] For example, in some embodiments of the display module provided in this application, the light emitted from the display panel intersects with the cylindrical microlens on the side of the arc away from the display panel, and the distance between the intersection point and the vertex of the arc is less than: [n2 / (n1-n2)]×r Where n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens, n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer, and r is the radius of the circle to which the arc belongs.

[0013] A second embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including a display module as described in the first embodiment.

[0014] For example, in some embodiments of the display device provided in this application, a backlight source disposed on the side of the first polarizer of the display module away from the display substrate, and a directional diffusion film disposed between the backlight source and the display module are also included. The emitted light from the backlight is converted into parallel light by the directional diffusion film.

[0015] A third embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D display system, including a display device as described in the second embodiment, and polarized glasses; One lens of the polarized glasses is used to receive right-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the right-handed circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer of the display module of the display device, and the other lens is used to receive left-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the left-handed circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention addresses existing problems by providing a display module, display device, and 3D display system. It achieves this by placing a microlens array, corresponding one-to-one with each pixel row, between the display panel and the glass-based phase retardation layer. The refractive index of the microlenses is higher than that of the second polarizer, the glass-based phase retardation layer, and the adjacent adhesive layer. Furthermore, the glass-based phase retardation layer consists of a transparent glass substrate and a light-adjusting layer, without a periodic black matrix between the light-adjusting layers. In this embodiment, the incident light from the display panel is modulated by the left and right eye pixel rows, and the high-refractive-index microlenses accurately refract the outgoing light from each row of pixels to the corresponding left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer. Optical refraction replaces the physical blocking function of the black matrix within the glass-based phase retardation layer in existing technologies, thereby blocking stray light from entering adjacent optical regions. This invention solves the problem of poor display due to bright and dark stripes in existing technologies, while avoiding the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer blocking pixel openings. It effectively improves the transmittance and screen uniformity of the display device, significantly expands the effective viewing angle for 3D viewing, and improves user viewing freedom, demonstrating broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the related art; Figure 2 This diagram illustrates a display malfunction in an embodiment of a related art display device. Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the structure of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This diagram illustrates a microlens array of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the optical path of a display module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the display module according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the optical path of a display module according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings, further explains the invention. Similar components in the drawings are indicated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific description below is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "on," "formed on," and "set on" used in this document can indicate that one layer is directly formed or set on another layer, or that one layer is indirectly formed or set on another layer, meaning that there are other layers between the two layers. In this document, unless otherwise stated, the term "located on the same layer" means that two layers, components, elements, or parts can be formed through the same patterning process, and that these two layers, components, elements, or parts are generally formed of the same material. In this document, unless otherwise stated, the description of "patterning process" generally includes steps such as photoresist coating, exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping. The description of "one-time patterning process" refers to a process that uses a single photomask to form patterned layers, components, elements, etc.

[0021] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a passive polarized 3D display module in related technologies, comprising a backlight 010, a lower polarizer 021, an array substrate 022, a liquid crystal layer 023, a color filter substrate 024, an upper polarizer 025, an optical adhesive 030, and a glass-based phase retardation layer 040. Light emitted from the backlight 010 is converted into linearly polarized light by the lower polarizer 021 and incident on the liquid crystal layer 023. The array substrate controls the rotation of liquid crystal molecules, modulating the linearly polarized light into light with different polarization directions. The modulated light is then incident on the color filter layer 024, where the white light is filtered into monochromatic light of the corresponding color by the RGB color resist layer to achieve color display. Simultaneously, the LRL structure black matrix physically separates all pixels into left-eye row L and right-eye row R. Alternating independent row units block vertical light crosstalk between adjacent rows; outgoing light is incident on an upper polarizer 025 that cooperates with the lower polarizer 021 to form a color grayscale image; outgoing light passes through optical adhesive 030 and is incident on a glass-based phase retardation layer 040: light corresponding to the left eye row L enters the left-hand circularly polarized light region 041 of the glass-based phase retardation layer and is converted into left-hand circularly polarized light, while light corresponding to the right eye row R enters the right-hand circularly polarized light region 042 of the glass-based phase retardation layer and is converted into right-hand circularly polarized light. The display module adopts an odd-even row interlaced scanning architecture that matches the LRL structure. The driver IC writes left-eye image data to the odd-numbered rows L of the color filter substrate and right-eye image data to the even-numbered rows R. Viewers wear special polarized glasses, with the left lens allowing only left-hand circularly polarized light to pass through and the right lens allowing only right-hand circularly polarized light to pass through. The left and right eyes receive corresponding color parallax images, which are fused by the brain's visual center to produce color stereoscopic vision with a sense of depth.

[0022] However, in practical applications, such as Figure 2 As shown, the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer causes a decrease in the transmittance of the display device and periodic bright and dark stripes, resulting in poor display quality. Specifically, since the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 is bonded to the color filter substrate 024 via optical adhesive 030, an unavoidable alignment error of, for example, ±5μm, exists. To completely block stray light between adjacent optical rotation regions, the width of the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 must be greater than the width of the black matrix of the color filter substrate 024. This causes the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 to encroach on the effective opening area of ​​the pixel: such as... Figure 2 As shown, the black matrix of the color filter substrate 024 is located at the intersection of the pixel rows, while the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 extends to both sides, covering part of the pixel opening, which reduces the actual light-transmitting area of ​​the pixel and decreases the overall transmittance of the module by 15%-20%. Specifically, the poor display of bright and dark stripes is the result of the combined effect of the periodic occlusion of the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 and changes in viewing angle. As shown in the figure, with the human eye 050 relative to the center of the screen, light is incident perpendicularly onto the glass-based phase retardation layer 040. The black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 only blocks the area corresponding to the black matrix of the color filter substrate 024, where pixel aperture 0241 is at its maximum, i.e., 100% open, resulting in the highest brightness. Relative to the center of the screen, as the viewer moves towards the edge, light is incident at a certain angle, and the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 begins to block some pixel apertures, gradually decreasing the aperture ratio. Pixel aperture 0242 is 70% open, and the brightness decreases accordingly. At this point, relative to the edge of the screen, the angle of light incidence further increases, and the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 almost blocks 70% of the pixel apertures, with pixel aperture 0243 at 30% open, and the brightness drops to its lowest level. This periodically changing brightness distribution along the horizontal direction of the screen forms visible bright and dark stripes, severely affecting the display quality.

[0023] In related technologies, transmittance loss is usually mitigated by adjusting the width of the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040, but this cannot fundamentally eliminate bright and dark stripes, and reducing the width of the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer 040 will lead to a significant increase in crosstalk between the left and right eye images.

[0024] In response to the above situation, such as Figure 3As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides a display module 100, including a display panel 20 and a glass-based phase retardation layer 40 disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The display panel 20 includes a display substrate 22, a first polarizer 21 disposed on the display substrate 22 away from the light-emitting side, and a liquid crystal layer 23, a color filter substrate 24, and a second polarizer 25 disposed on the side of the display substrate 22 away from the first polarizer 21. The display module further includes a microlens array 60 disposed between the display panel 20 and the glass-based phase retardation layer 40, wherein... The display panel 20 includes multiple alternating rows of pixels, and each pair of adjacent pixel rows includes a first pixel row 26 for displaying left-eye image information and a second pixel row 27 for displaying right-eye image information; The glass-based phase retardation layer 40 is composed of a transparent glass substrate and an optical modulation layer; The microlens array 60 includes microlenses 61 that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of pixel rows. The refractive index of the microlens 61 is greater than that of the second polarizer 25, greater than that of the glass-based phase retardation layer 40, and also greater than that of the adhesive layers 31 and 32 adjacent to the microlens array 60.

[0025] In this embodiment, a microlens array corresponding to each pixel row is disposed between the display panel and the glass-based phase retardation layer. The refractive index of the microlens is greater than that of the second polarizer, the glass-based phase retardation layer, and the adjacent adhesive layer. The glass-based phase retardation layer consists of a transparent glass substrate and a light-adjusting layer, and there is no periodic black matrix between the light-adjusting layers. In other words, in this embodiment, after the light from the display panel is modulated by the left and right eye pixel rows, the high-refractive-index microlenses accurately refract the emitted light from each row of pixels to the corresponding left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer. Optical refraction replaces the physical blocking function of the black matrix within the glass-based phase retardation layer in the prior art, thereby blocking stray light from entering adjacent optical regions. The refractive index of the microlens is greater than that of the second polarizer and also greater than the overall refractive index of the display panel, which comprises multiple film layers. The overall refractive index of the display panel is the refractive index presented by the display panel as a whole structure. This invention can solve the problem of poor display of bright and dark stripes in related technologies, while avoiding the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer from blocking the pixel openings, effectively improving the transmittance and screen uniformity of the display device, significantly expanding the effective viewing angle of 3D viewing, and improving the user's viewing freedom.

[0026] In this embodiment, the glass-based phase retardation layer 40 consists of a transparent glass substrate and a light adjustment layer, forming a left-handed circularly polarized region 41 corresponding to the left eye line L and a right-handed circularly polarized region 42 corresponding to the right eye line R. In this embodiment, no periodic black matrix (GPR) is provided between the light adjustment layers. (BM); Meanwhile, the microlens array 60 includes microlenses 61 corresponding one-to-one with the plurality of pixel rows. The refractive index of the microlens 61 is greater than the refractive index of the second polarizer 25, greater than the refractive index of the glass-based phase retardation layer 40, and also greater than the refractive index of the adhesive layer 31 between the microlens array 60 and the second polarizer 25, and the refractive index of the adhesive layer 32 between the microlens array 60 and the glass-based phase retardation layer. In this embodiment, the refractive index relationship between the microlens 61 and other components is set to achieve the convergence and guidance of the light emitted from the display panel. Specifically, the microlens 61 with a higher refractive index is used to deflect the incident light inward, thereby accurately converging the light emitted from each row of pixels to the optical area of ​​the corresponding glass-based phase retardation layer 40. For example, the light emitted from the first pixel row 26 that will display the left eye image information is accurately converged to the optical area 41 of the corresponding glass-based phase retardation layer 40, and the light emitted from the second pixel row 27 that will display the right eye image information is accurately converged to the optical area 42 of the corresponding glass-based phase retardation layer 40. In this embodiment, a microlens array corresponding to each pixel row is set between the display panel and the glass-based phase retardation layer to converge the emitted light from the color filter substrate. Compared with the passive polarized 3D display module of related technologies, this embodiment uses optical refraction to replace the physical blocking of the black matrix of the traditional glass-based phase retardation layer by setting the microlens array. The glass-based phase retardation layer of this embodiment no longer has a black matrix, thereby eliminating the problem of reduced transmittance caused by the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer blocking the pixel opening, and eliminating periodic bright and dark stripes.

[0027] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the microlens 61 is a cylindrical microlens, and the light adjustment layer includes multiple optical regions arranged alternately. Each pair of adjacent optical regions includes a left-handed circularly polarized light region 41 corresponding to the first pixel row 26 and a right-handed circularly polarized light region 42 corresponding to the second pixel row 27. Each cylindrical microlens 61 corresponds one-to-one with the optical zone.

[0028] In this embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the microlens 61 is a cylindrical microlens, which is a one-dimensional optical element. Its generatrix extends along the column direction z of the display panel and has converging and refraction capabilities only in the horizontal direction x perpendicular to the generatrix, which can match the horizontal parallax separation requirements of passive polarized 3D displays. At the same time, the light adjustment layer includes multiple optical zones arranged alternately. A left-handed circularly polarized light zone 41 corresponding to the first pixel row 26 and a right-handed circularly polarized light zone 42 corresponding to the second pixel row 27 are set in each pair of adjacent optical zones. The cylindrical microlens 61 corresponds one-to-one with the optical zones, that is, one cylindrical microlens 61 covers one pixel row and corresponds to an optical zone located directly above it. In other words, this embodiment sets up cylindrical microlenses in the microlens array, which, together with multiple pixel rows arranged alternately on the display panel, direct the first pixel row 26 displaying left-eye image information and the second pixel row 27 displaying right-eye image information in two adjacent pixel rows through their respective cylindrical microlenses. One cylindrical microlens covers an entire row of pixels, causing the outgoing light from that row of pixels to converge in the horizontal x-direction within the cylindrical microlens. Utilizing the high refractive index difference between the cylindrical microlens and the adjacent adhesive layer (e.g., a refractive index difference greater than 0.2), the light is refracted at a preset angle, thereby guiding the light from the left-eye row of pixels. The left-eye viewing area (i.e., the left-hand circularly polarized light region) of the glass-based phase retardation layer guides the light from the right-eye row pixels to the right-eye viewing area (i.e., the right-hand circularly polarized light region). In this embodiment, the one-dimensional optical properties of the cylindrical microlens ensure that the vertical light rays do not converge. Through the one-to-one correspondence between the cylindrical microlens and the optical areas of the glass-based phase retardation layer, it is ensured that the light from the left-eye pixel can only enter the left-hand circularly polarized light region of the glass-based phase retardation layer, and the light from the right-eye pixel can only enter the right-hand circularly polarized light region of the glass-based phase retardation layer, thereby reducing crosstalk problems and improving the overall transmittance of the display module.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the display panel includes a black matrix located between two adjacent pixel rows, each pixel row including a plurality of pixel units, and each pixel unit including an opening area; On a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction of the cylindrical microlens, the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is aligned with the midline of the opening area of ​​the corresponding pixel row, and the two ends of the bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens coincide with the midpoints of the black matrix on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding pixel row, respectively.

[0030] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, on a cross-section perpendicular to the extension direction of the cylindrical microlens, i.e. Figure 3In the plane shown, a black matrix 28 is set between each row of pixels. Each pixel unit in each pixel row includes an opening region La. The cylindrical microlens 61 corresponding to the pixel row includes a symmetry axis Q. The endpoint A of the cylindrical microlens 61 is located on the symmetry axis Q. The symmetry axis Q is aligned with the midline of the opening region La. In other words, the symmetry axis Q of the cylindrical microlens 61 coincides with the midline of the opening region La. At the same time, the two endpoints of the bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens coincide with the midpoints of the black matrix on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding pixel row, respectively. Taking the cylindrical microlens 62 as an example, in cross-section, the cylindrical microlens 62 includes two endpoints B and C. Endpoint B falls on the extension line of the midline M of the black matrix 281 on the upper side of the pixel row corresponding to the cylindrical microlens. Endpoint C falls on the extension line of the midline N of the black matrix 282 on the lower side of the pixel row corresponding to the cylindrical microlens. The length P of the bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens is the height of the pixel row. That is, the bottom edge BC of the cylindrical microlens 61 covers the corresponding pixel row. This embodiment utilizes precise geometric alignment design to replace the "physical blocking by a black matrix in a glass-based phase retardation layer" used in related technologies with "optical refraction using cylindrical microlenses". This embodiment achieves accurate control of the direction of emitted light by setting the specific type and size of the cylindrical microlens: the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is aligned with the center line of the opening area, ensuring that light rays from both sides of the pixel row are incident on the two inclined surfaces of the cylindrical microlens at perfectly symmetrical angles. After refraction, a uniform and symmetrical light field distribution is formed, and the emitted light from the entire row of pixels can 100% cover the corresponding optical area of ​​the glass-based phase retardation layer, eliminating uneven brightness due to local over-brightness or under-brightness. The bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens coincides with the midpoint of the black matrix, indicating that the effective optical area of ​​the cylindrical microlens completely covers the pixel opening area, and the edge of the cylindrical microlens is located directly above the black matrix. Large-angle light rays emitted from the edge of the pixel opening area are refracted by the microlens edge towards the center of the optical area of ​​the glass-based phase retardation layer, thus blocking the possible path of light leakage to adjacent pixel rows without the need for additional physical blocking. In related technologies, to achieve the same light-blocking effect, the width of the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer is often designed to be 2 to 3 times the width of the black matrix of the display panel, resulting in a decrease in pixel aperture ratio. However, this embodiment, through the alignment design of each microlens in the aforementioned microlens array, achieves the black matrix blocking function of the existing technology, thereby removing the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer. Furthermore, the black matrix of the display panel is set to only the minimum width separating sub-pixels, further increasing the aperture ratio. This embodiment, through the specific structural design of the cylindrical microlenses, ensures that the emitted light from each pixel row is accurately guided to the corresponding optical area of ​​the glass-based phase retardation layer, effectively improving the transmittance and screen uniformity of the display device, significantly expanding the effective viewing angle for 3D viewing, and improving the user's viewing freedom.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the cylindrical microlens 62 includes a bottom structure and an optical structure. In a cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cylindrical microlens, the bottom structure is a rectangle 622, and the optical structure is an isosceles triangle 621. The axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens 62 is the angle bisector of the vertex angle θ of the isosceles triangle 621; The length of the base of the isosceles triangle 621 is equal to the height P of the pixel row.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bottom structure of the cylindrical microlens 62 is a base structure used during the manufacturing process to ensure the yield of the microlens array, preventing the microlens from breaking or deforming during cutting and bonding. The optical structure is the core functional area for guiding light refraction. Light is only refracted in this area, and the bottom structure has no effect on light propagation. Furthermore, since the bottom structure and the optical structure are integrally formed from the same material, the overall refractive index of the cylindrical microlens is consistent. When the light emitted from the display panel is perpendicularly incident on the bottom structure, there will be no refraction, reflection, or scattering loss, which will not affect the optical performance. Moreover, directional refraction only occurs when the light reaches the two inclined planes of the isosceles triangle, thereby achieving precise beam splitting guidance.

[0033] Specifically, cylindrical microlenses with an isosceles triangular cross-section have the advantages of simple structure and mature fabrication process. In this embodiment, they are directly fabricated on the surface of a glass substrate or polarizer using photolithography and etching processes. The two symmetrical inclined planes can refract the light from the left and right sides in different directions, achieving accurate beam splitting. This embodiment utilizes a symmetrical geometric structure to ensure that the incident angle and refraction angle of the light from the left and right sides are completely equal, making the energy distribution, convergence angle, and spot size of the emitted light from the left and right eye pixel rows consistent, reducing the brightness difference between the left and right eye images, greatly improving the uneven brightness between the left and right eyes commonly seen in 3D displays, and effectively alleviating visual fatigue. Furthermore, the cylindrical microlens with an isosceles triangular cross-section has good process compatibility, high yield, and low cost. Its fabrication process is fully compatible with the existing photolithography and etching process of glass-based phase retardation layers, requiring no additional fabrication equipment or process steps. The symmetrical geometric structure used in this embodiment further ensures that the refraction angles of the light from the left and right eyes are completely symmetrical, resulting in a more balanced 3D imaging effect.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle and the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens satisfy the following formula: 90° - θ / 2 > Arcsin(n2 / n1) Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens, and n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer.

[0035] In this embodiment, by defining the quantitative relationship between the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle and the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens, total internal reflection loss at the microlens interface is effectively avoided. Here, "90°-θ / 2" is the minimum incident angle when light is perpendicularly incident on the inclined surface of the microlens, and "Arcsin(n2 / n1)" is the critical angle for total internal reflection when light travels from the microlens to the adhesive layer. Specifically: when light travels from a microlens with a higher refractive index to an adhesive layer with a lower refractive index, if the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection will occur, preventing the light from entering the glass-based phase retardation layer. The left side of the formula represents the incident angle of the light at the inclined surface of the microlens, and the right side represents the critical angle for total internal reflection. Since perpendicular incidence represents the case with the smallest incident angle among all incident rays, as long as the minimum incident angle is less than the critical angle, all rays emitted from any position in the pixel aperture area will have an incident angle less than the critical angle when they hit the inclined surface of the microlens, thus ensuring that total internal reflection will not occur. In other words, when this formula is satisfied, it can ensure that all incident rays can be refracted into the adhesive layer, avoiding total internal reflection loss, improving light energy utilization, and ensuring the stability of the light refraction angle, thereby improving the consistency of 3D display.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the height of the cylindrical microlens is: h = P / (2×tanθ) Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, and P is the height of the pixel row.

[0037] In this embodiment, the accurate guidance of light is ensured by limiting the height of the cylindrical microlens. In the formula, P is a fixed pixel row height (i.e., the base length of the microlens), θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, tanθ is the tangent of half the vertex angle, and the coefficient 2 is derived from the symmetry of the isosceles triangle to ensure that the refraction paths of light on the left and right sides are symmetrical. That is, this formula is derived from geometric relationships. The height of the isosceles triangle determines the curvature of the microlens, which in turn determines the degree of light convergence. When the base length is fixed at the pixel row height P, the height h is inversely proportional to the vertex angle θ. If h is too large, the light convergence point will be too close to the microlens, causing the light to start diverging before reaching the glass-based phase retardation layer, and some light will enter adjacent optical areas, leading to increased crosstalk. If h is too small, the light convergence point will be too far away from the microlens, and the size of the light spot on the glass-based phase retardation layer will be larger than the width of the optical area, which will also lead to crosstalk. This embodiment, by precisely designing the height of the cylindrical microlens, can flexibly adjust the light-converging ability of the microlens so that the intersection of the light rays is exactly located at the optimal position of the glass-based phase retardation layer, thereby achieving the best beam splitting effect.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, such as Figures 3-5As shown, the light emitted from the display panel intersects the cylindrical microlens at the side of the isosceles triangle furthest from the display panel, and the distance between the intersection point and the vertex of the isosceles triangle is less than: P*tan{180°-θ / 2-arcsin[n1 / n2×sin(90°-θ / 2)]} Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, P is the height of the pixel row, n1 is the refractive index of the microlens, and n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer.

[0039] In this embodiment, by defining the specific dimensions of the cylindrical microlens, particularly based on the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens and the refractive index of the adhesive layer, the vertices and base lengths of the isosceles triangle in the cross-section of the optical structure of the cylindrical microlens are defined, thereby limiting the maximum allowable distance between the intersection points of the rays emitted from the cylindrical microlens. The base length of the isosceles triangle is equal to the height P of the pixel row. Figure 5 As shown, the light emitted from each pixel row of the display panel 20 changes direction after passing through the microlens array 60. The light emitted from the left view of the pixel row corresponding to the left eye is emitted from the corresponding left-hand circularly polarized region in the glass-based phase retardation layer 40, and the light emitted from the right view of the pixel row corresponding to the right eye is emitted from the corresponding right-hand circularly polarized region in the glass-based phase retardation layer 40. By changing the height and apex angle of the microlens unit, the distance between the light intersection points of the microlens array can be changed, which can increase the 3D angle. Specifically, when the distance between the intersection point and the vertex of the isosceles triangle is within this range, light can accurately enter the optical region of the glass-based phase retardation layer, thereby achieving matching between the pixel row, microlens, and the optical region of the glass-based phase retardation layer, while improving light utilization. However, if the intersection point is too far away, the light will diverge before reaching the glass-based phase retardation layer, which may cause some light to enter adjacent optical regions, increasing the risk of crosstalk. This embodiment limits the position range of the light intersection point by defining the specific size of the cylindrical microlens, thereby ensuring that the light maintains a good convergence state when entering the glass-based phase retardation layer, further reducing crosstalk. At the same time, the 3D viewing angle can be expanded by adjusting the intersection point distance, improving the user's viewing freedom.

[0040] In another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the cylindrical microlens 62 includes a bottom structure and an optical structure. In a cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cylindrical microlens 60, the bottom structure is rectangular 622, and the optical structure is arc-shaped 621. The arc-shaped 621 is a shape formed by a partial arc segment of a circle and a corresponding chord segment. The axis of symmetry Q of the cylindrical microlens 61 is the perpendicular bisector of the arc segment of the bow shape; The length of the string segment is equal to the height of the pixel row.

[0041] like Figure 6As shown, in the display module 100 of this embodiment, on the cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cylindrical microlens 60, i.e. Figure 6 In the plane shown, a black matrix 28 is set between each row of pixels. Each pixel unit in each pixel row includes an opening region La. The cylindrical microlens 61 corresponding to the pixel row includes a symmetry axis Q. The point A farthest from the display panel 20 on the arc segment of the cylindrical microlens 61 is located on the symmetry axis Q. The symmetry axis Q is aligned with the midline of the opening region La. In other words, the symmetry axis Q of the cylindrical microlens 61 coincides with the midline of the opening region La. At the same time, the two ends of the bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens coincide with the midpoints of the black matrix on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding pixel row, respectively. Taking the cylindrical microlens 62 as an example, in cross-section, the cylindrical microlens 62 includes two endpoints B and C. Endpoint B falls on the extension line of the midline M of the black matrix 281, and endpoint C falls on the extension line of the midline N of the black matrix 282. The length P of the bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens is the height of the pixel row. This embodiment achieves precise control over the direction of emitted light by setting the specific type and size of the cylindrical microlens: the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is aligned with the center line of the opening area, ensuring that light rays from the pixel center propagate along the optical axis; the bottom endpoint of the cylindrical microlens coincides with the midpoint of the black matrix, geometrically blocking the possibility of light leakage to adjacent pixel rows, thus eliminating the need for additional physical obstruction. This embodiment effectively improves the optical performance of the microlens array by using cylindrical microlenses with an arcuate cross-section. The arcuate cross-section effectively reduces aberrations through its continuously varying curvature, resulting in more uniform light convergence. Compared to the isosceles triangular cross-section of the previous embodiment, the arcuate cross-section microlens has a gentler refraction angle at the edge of the light rays, further reducing crosstalk. This embodiment, through the specific structural design of the cylindrical microlens, ensures that the emitted light from each pixel row is accurately guided to the optical area of ​​the corresponding glass-based phase retardation layer, effectively improves the transmittance and screen uniformity of the display device, and significantly expands the effective viewing angle of 3D viewing. It further uniformly converges light, improves display quality, and the smooth surface structure of the arc-shaped cross-section microlens helps to improve the manufacturing yield, reduce surface scattering loss, and improve the user's viewing freedom.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the light emitted from the display panel intersects the cylindrical microlens at the side of the arc away from the display panel, and the distance between the intersection point and the vertex of the arc is less than: [n2 / (n1-n2)]×r Where n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens, n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer, and r is the radius of the circle to which the arc belongs.

[0043] In this embodiment, by defining the specific dimensions of the cylindrical microlens, particularly based on the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens and the refractive index of the adhesive layer, the radius of the arc-shaped cross-section of the optical structure of the cylindrical microlens is defined, thereby limiting the maximum permissible distance of the intersection point of the light rays emitted from the cylindrical microlens. This formula is derived from the focal length formula of a spherical lens, limiting the maximum permissible distance of the light rays' intersection point. By adjusting the radius r of the arc, the convergence degree and intersection point position of the light rays can be flexibly controlled. Figure 7 As shown, the light emitted from each pixel row of the display panel 20 changes direction after passing through the microlens array 60. The light emitted from the left view of the pixel row corresponding to the left eye is emitted from the corresponding left-hand circularly polarized region in the glass-based phase retardation layer 40, and the light emitted from the right view of the pixel row corresponding to the right eye is emitted from the corresponding right-hand circularly polarized region in the glass-based phase retardation layer 40. By changing the height and bottom of the microlens unit, the distance between the light intersection points of the microlens array can be changed, which can increase the 3D angle. Specifically, by limiting the radius of the arc-shaped microlens, the optical performance of the arc-shaped microlens is accurately defined. When the distance between the intersection point and the endpoint of the arc segment of the arc is within this range, light can accurately enter the optical area of ​​the glass-based phase retardation layer, thereby achieving matching between the pixel row, the microlens, and the optical area of ​​the glass-based phase retardation layer, while improving light utilization. However, if the intersection point is too far away, the light will diverge before reaching the glass-based phase retardation layer, easily causing some light to enter adjacent optical areas, increasing the risk of crosstalk. Compared to the isosceles triangular cross-section microlens of the previous embodiment, the arc-shaped microlens of this embodiment has a wider parameter adjustment range and can adapt to a wider range of display panels, such as display panels with different resolutions and sizes. This embodiment limits the position range of the light intersection point by limiting the specific size of the cylindrical microlens, thereby ensuring that the light maintains a good convergence state when entering the glass-based phase retardation layer, further reducing crosstalk. At the same time, the 3D viewing angle can be expanded by adjusting the intersection point distance, improving the user's viewing freedom.

[0044] Based on the display module of the above embodiments, one embodiment of this application also provides a display device including the above display module.

[0045] The display device of this embodiment sets up a microlens array corresponding to each pixel row between the display panel of the display module and the glass-based phase retardation layer. The refractive index of the microlens is greater than that of the second polarizer, the glass-based phase retardation layer, and the adjacent adhesive layer. The glass-based phase retardation layer is composed of a transparent glass substrate and a light-adjusting layer, and there is no periodic black matrix between the light-adjusting layers. The high-refractive-index microlenses accurately refract the light emitted from each row of pixels to the corresponding left-hand or right-hand circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer. Optical refraction replaces the physical blocking function of the black matrix within the glass-based phase retardation layer in existing technologies, thereby blocking stray light from entering adjacent optical regions. The display device of this embodiment has advantages such as high brightness, uniform image quality, and good 3D effect, and is suitable for various application scenarios such as televisions and monitors. This embodiment solves the problem of poor display of bright and dark stripes in existing technologies, while avoiding the blocking of pixel openings by the black matrix of the glass-based phase retardation layer, effectively improving the transmittance and screen uniformity of the display device, significantly expanding the effective viewing angle for 3D viewing, and improving the user's viewing freedom.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the display device 200 also includes a backlight 10 disposed on the side of the first polarizer of the display module away from the display substrate, and a directional diffusion film 70 disposed between the backlight 10 and the display module. The emitted light from the backlight 10 is converted into parallel light by the directional diffusion film 70.

[0047] In this embodiment, the display device 200 includes a backlight 10, a directional diffusion film 70 disposed on the light-emitting side of the backlight 10, a display panel 20, an adhesive layer 31, a microlens array 60, an adhesive layer 32, and a glass-based phase retardation layer 40. By providing a directional diffusion film on the light-emitting side of the backlight, this embodiment can convert the large-angle divergent light emitted by the backlight into small-angle, approximately parallel light, for example, with an emission angle between 10° and -10°, and diffuse only in the vertical direction while remaining parallel in the horizontal direction, further improving the accurate light guidance of the light emitted from the display panel. That is, by providing approximately parallel incident light to the display panel through the directional diffusion film, this embodiment further improves the light guiding effect of the microlens array; simultaneously, the parallel light incident on the display panel effectively reduces crosstalk caused by large-angle light, further improving the 3D display quality of the display device.

[0048] Based on the display device of the above embodiments, one embodiment of this application also provides a 3D display system, including the above display device and polarized glasses; One lens of the polarized glasses is used to receive right-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the right-handed circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer of the display module of the display device, and the other lens is used to receive left-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the left-handed circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer.

[0049] In this embodiment, the display device based on the above embodiment, in conjunction with polarized glasses, forms a passive polarized 3D display system. The display device integrates a high-transmittance display module including a display panel, a microlens array, and a glass-based phase retardation layer. Specifically, a microlens array, corresponding one-to-one with pixel rows, is provided between the display panel and the glass-based phase retardation layer. The refractive index of the microlenses is greater than that of the second polarizer, the glass-based phase retardation layer, and the adjacent adhesive layer. The glass-based phase retardation layer consists only of a transparent glass substrate and alternating left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light regions, eliminating the black matrix used to block stray light in traditional glass-based phase retardation layers. That is, the left and right lenses of the polarized glasses precisely match the polarization states of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light regions of the glass-based phase retardation layer, respectively. By replacing physical blocking with optical refraction, stray light crosstalk between adjacent optical regions is eliminated, achieving high-brightness, high-uniformity, crosstalk-free 3D display.

[0050] Specifically, in this embodiment, the large-angle divergent light emitted from the backlight of the display device is incident on the directional diffusion film. After being modulated by the directional diffusion film, it forms collimated light that diffuses only in the vertical direction and is approximately parallel in the horizontal direction. The collimated light is converted into linearly polarized light with a single vibration direction by the first polarizer of the display panel and then incident on the liquid crystal layer. The display substrate controls the voltage of each pixel unit through a thin-film transistor switching array, driving the liquid crystal molecules to rotate at different angles, thus modulating the incident linearly polarized light into light with different polarization directions. The modulated light is incident on the color filter substrate and filtered by red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color filters into monochromatic light of the corresponding colors, realizing color display. At the same time, the row-level LRL structure black matrix extending vertically in the color filter substrate physically separates all pixels into alternating left-eye pixel rows L and right-eye pixel rows R, defining the 3D assignment of each row of pixels at the hardware level and blocking vertical light crosstalk between adjacent rows. After color filtering and row assignment, the light is formed into a color grayscale image by the second polarizer and then incident on the microlens array. Because the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens is greater than that of the display substrate, the glass-based phase retardation layer, and the adjacent adhesive layer, the light emitted from each row of pixels is precisely refracted and converged by the cylindrical microlens and guided to the corresponding optical region of the glass-based phase retardation layer: the light emitted from the left-eye pixel row L enters the left-hand circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer and is converted into left-hand circularly polarized light; the light emitted from the right-eye pixel row R enters the right-hand circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer and is converted into right-hand circularly polarized light. When the viewer wears matching polarized glasses, the left and right eyes receive corresponding color parallax images, which are fused by the brain's visual center to produce stereoscopic vision with a sense of depth.

[0051] The 3D display system of this embodiment can solve the problems of low transmittance and bright and dark stripes in passive polarized 3D displays in related technologies. The screen uniformity of the 3D display system of this embodiment can reach more than 95%, and the effective viewing angle of 3D viewing is expanded to more than 60°, which significantly improves the user experience.

[0052] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that, The display module includes a display panel and a glass-based phase retardation layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The display panel includes a display substrate, a first polarizer disposed on the display substrate opposite to the light-emitting side, a liquid crystal layer, a color filter substrate, and a second polarizer disposed on the side of the display substrate opposite to the first polarizer. The display module further includes a microlens array disposed between the display panel and the glass-based phase retardation layer. The display panel includes multiple alternating rows of pixels, and each pair of adjacent rows of pixels includes a first row of pixels for displaying left-eye image information and a second row of pixels for displaying right-eye image information; The glass-based phase retardation layer consists of a transparent glass substrate and an optical modulation layer; The microlens array includes microlenses that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of pixel rows. The refractive index of the microlens is greater than the refractive index of the second polarizer, greater than the refractive index of the glass-based phase retardation layer, and also greater than the refractive index of the adhesive layer adjacent to the microlens array.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microlens is a cylindrical microlens. The light modulation layer includes multiple optical regions arranged alternately, and each pair of adjacent optical regions includes a left-handed circularly polarized light region corresponding to the first pixel row and a right-handed circularly polarized light region corresponding to the second pixel row; Each cylindrical microlens corresponds one-to-one with the optical zone.

3. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The display panel includes a black matrix located between two adjacent pixel rows, each pixel row includes multiple pixel units, and each pixel unit includes an opening area; On a cross section perpendicular to the extension direction of the cylindrical microlens, the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is aligned with the center line of the opening area of ​​the corresponding pixel row, and the two ends of the bottom edge of the cylindrical microlens coincide with the midpoints of the black matrix on the upper and lower sides of the corresponding pixel row, respectively.

4. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cylindrical microlens includes a bottom structure and an optical structure. In a cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction of the cylindrical microlens, the bottom structure is rectangular, and the optical structure is an isosceles triangle. The axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is the angle bisector of the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle; The length of the base of the isosceles triangle is equal to the height of the pixel row.

5. The display module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vertex angle of the isosceles triangle and the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens satisfy the following formula: 90° - θ / 2 > Arcsin(n2 / n1) Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens, and n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer.

6. The display module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height of the cylindrical microlens is: h = P / (2 × tanθ) Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, and P is the height of the pixel row.

7. The display module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The light emitted from the display panel intersects the cylindrical microlens at the side of the isosceles triangle furthest from the display panel, and the distance between the intersection point and the vertex of the isosceles triangle is less than: P *tan{180°-θ / 2-arcsin[n1 / n2×sin(90°-θ / 2)]} Where θ is the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle, P is the height of the pixel row, n1 is the refractive index of the microlens, and n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer.

8. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cylindrical microlens includes a bottom structure and an optical structure. In a cross-section perpendicular to the extension direction of the cylindrical microlens, the bottom structure is rectangular, and the optical structure is arc-shaped, wherein the arc shape is formed by a partial arc segment of a circle and a corresponding chord segment. The axis of symmetry of the cylindrical microlens is the perpendicular bisector of the arc segment of the bow shape; The length of the string segment is equal to the height of the pixel row.

9. The display module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The light emitted from the display panel intersects the cylindrical microlens at the side of the arc shape furthest from the display panel, and the distance between the intersection point and the apex of the arc shape is less than: [n2 / (n1-n2)]×r Where n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical microlens, n2 is the refractive index of the adhesive layer, and r is the radius of the circle to which the arc belongs.

10. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display module as described in any one of claims 1-9.

11. The display device according to claim 10, characterized in that, It also includes a backlight source disposed on the side of the first polarizer of the display module away from the display substrate, and a directional diffusion film disposed between the backlight source and the display module. The emitted light from the backlight is converted into parallel light by the directional diffusion film.

12. A 3D display system, characterized in that, Includes the display device as described in claim 10 or 11, and polarized glasses; One lens of the polarized glasses is used to receive right-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the right-handed circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer of the display module of the display device, and the other lens is used to receive left-handed circularly polarized light emitted from the left-handed circularly polarized region of the glass-based phase retardation layer.

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