System and method for calculating blast energy based on multi-point temperature sensing

Abstract

The application provides a blasting energy calculation system and method based on multi-point temperature sensing, wherein an intelligent gas injection sensing terminal in the system is configured to connect a field air compression device and a PE pipe placed in a blast hole; during the execution of the gas charging shaping operation, the pressure time sequence, the volume flow integral and the transient temperature response data distributed along the pipe length of the gas in the pipe are synchronously collected; a rock mass medium impedance decoupling module decouples the collected data into the pneumatic expansion stiffness representing the mechanical constraint ability of the hole wall and the thermal relaxation characteristic representing the thermal adsorption ability of the hole wall based on a physical model; an energy dissipation prediction module identifies the fracture development zone and the water-rich zone and respectively calculates the mechanical energy loss of the gas escape and the heat energy loss of the water body quenching based on this; and a charging structure self-adaptive matching module reversely calculates the energy compensation gain according to the loss, generates a segmented differentiated charging instruction, and realizes the fine matching of the blasting energy and the geological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of blasting engineering and geotechnical engineering detection technology, and in particular to a blasting energy calculation system and method based on multi-point temperature sensing. Background Technology

[0002] In deep-hole blasting operations in open-pit mining and geotechnical engineering, to prevent borehole collapse due to loose rock layers or to block direct erosion of explosives by groundwater, operators typically pre-insert PE pipes as a wall-protecting device inside the borehole after drilling. While this wall-protecting technique effectively ensures the borehole formation rate and the integrity of the charging channel, the PE pipe, as an opaque and relatively strong physical barrier, objectively shields the originally exposed rock wall inside the borehole. This makes it difficult for conventional mechanical borehole gauges, ultrasonic probes, or optical inspection equipment to penetrate the pipe wall and obtain the true geological information behind the borehole wall. In actual operations, once the PE pipe is in place, blasting technicians often find it difficult to accurately locate the fracture opening position or the depth of the hidden aquifer behind the pipe. Subsequent explosive loading operations usually rely on surface observations or early geological exploration data for homogenized, empirical loading, making it impossible to adaptively adjust to the geological differences distributed along the depth direction within a single borehole.

[0003] Microscopic geological defects within the rock mass have a decisive impact on the efficiency of blasting energy utilization. If the charge structure is not compatible with the concealed geological environment, serious engineering problems will result. When the borehole passes through a fractured zone, if the charge is based on the standard for intact rock, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by the explosion is prone to escape prematurely along the fracture channels, leading to a sharp drop in working pressure and ineffective dissipation of mechanical energy. When the borehole passes through a water-rich area, even with a PE pipe for water isolation, the huge specific heat capacity of the external water will still have a strong thermal quenching effect on the detonation wave front, significantly reducing the reaction rate and detonation velocity of the explosive, resulting in heat loss. This mismatch between energy supply and rock mass requirements will not only cause blasting quality problems such as foundation residue and excessive large block ratio, but may also lead to serious safety accidents due to overloading of explosives when encountering hidden cavities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for calculating blast energy based on multi-point temperature sensing, so as to solve the problems pointed out in the background art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing, applicable to blasting operations of PE pipes in fractured and water-bearing rock strata, the system comprising: The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal is configured to connect the on-site air compressor equipment to the PE pipe inserted into the borehole. During the gas injection and shaping operation of the PE pipe, it collects the gas injection pressure time-series data, volume flow rate integral data, and transient temperature response data distributed along the pipe length at a millisecond frequency. The rock mass medium impedance decoupling module is configured to decouple the collected data into aerodynamic expansion stiffness characteristics that characterize the mechanical constraint capacity of the borehole wall and thermal relaxation characteristics that characterize the thermal adsorption capacity of the borehole wall, based on the gas state equation and the unsteady thermal conduction model. The energy dissipation prediction module is configured to identify the crack development zone based on the aerodynamic expansion stiffness characteristics and calculate the mechanical energy loss of gas escape, and to identify the water-rich zone based on the thermal relaxation characteristics and calculate the quenching thermal energy loss of water. The charge structure adaptive matching module is configured to calculate the energy compensation gain value required to achieve the preset rock-breaking effect based on the calculated mechanical energy loss and thermal energy loss, and generate segmented differentiated charge instructions for the borehole.

[0006] Optionally, the specific logic for the rock mass medium impedance decoupling module to identify water-rich areas is as follows: The transient temperature response data during the gas filling and pressure holding stage of the PE pipe were extracted, and the temperature decay rate curve over time was calculated. The decay rate curve is compared differentially with a preset dry rock adiabatic cooling reference curve. When the temperature decay rate at a certain depth section exhibits an exponential acceleration and the magnitude is significantly higher than the baseline curve, the region is determined to be a water-rich area containing a medium with high specific heat capacity, indicating that the heat of compression of the gas inside the pipe is rapidly adsorbed and dissipated by the external water body.

[0007] Optionally, the specific logic for the rock mass medium impedance decoupling module to identify fracture development zones is as follows: Constructing a pressure-volume PV response spectrum during the inflation process; Analyzing the slope change during the pressure build-up process, if a nonlinear low-level hysteresis segment appears at the pressure rise edge, and the corresponding volumetric flow rate integral data significantly exceeds the theoretical pore volume, then the region is determined to be a fracture development zone with an open-type structure, indicating that the PE pipe wall has undergone plastic embedding or excessive expansion into the rock mass fractures under the action of air pressure.

[0008] Optionally, the segmented differentiated charge instructions generated by the charge structure adaptive matching module specifically include: Water-resistant sensitization adjustment command: For the identified water-rich areas, the command instructs the on-site mixed explosives truck to increase the density of sensitized bubbles in the emulsion explosive matrix in order to increase the explosive detonation velocity and compensate for the energy quenching caused by the water. Air gap deployment command: For the identified fracture development zone, the command automatically forms an air gap column in the PE pipe at that depth section, thereby reducing the ineffective drive of high-pressure explosive gas to the fracture by reducing the average charge linear density in that section.

[0009] Optionally, the intelligent gas injection sensing terminal includes a flexible temperature-measuring gas injection rod that can be inserted into the PE pipe; The flexible temperature-measuring gas injection rod integrates a miniature pressure transmitter and a distributed thermistor array. It is configured to perform multi-point detection as the rod penetrates to the bottom of the PE pipe during the gas injection process, and is retrieved with the rod after the gas is filled, eliminating the need for sensor components to remain on the PE pipe.

[0010] Optionally, the system is also equipped with an inflation preheating enhancement mechanism; The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal integrates a gas heating unit, which is configured to preheat the gas injected into the PE pipe to a temperature at least 15 degrees Celsius higher than the background temperature of the rock strata, thereby artificially constructing an initial temperature difference field with a high signal-to-noise ratio and improving the recognition sensitivity of the thermal relaxation characteristics.

[0011] Optionally, the system also includes abnormal void fuse protection logic; If the intelligent air injection sensing terminal detects that the pressure cannot be established and the volume flow rate remains at a high saturation state during the initial stage of air injection, the system determines it to be a perforated abnormal cavity or karst cave. At this moment, the system immediately triggers a lockout signal prohibiting explosive loading and sends a slag disposal warning to the operation terminal to prevent the explosive from leaking directly into the geological cavity and causing a safety accident.

[0012] Optionally, the adaptive matching module for the explosive loading structure is connected to the control system of the on-site mixed explosives vehicle via an industrial wireless network; The segmented differentiated charge instructions are encoded as a pumping timing control file. Based on this file, the mixed explosives vehicle automatically adjusts the start, stop and flow rate of the explosives pump during the lifting of the delivery pipe, thereby constructing a variable density, discontinuous, refined explosive column structure within the single-hole PE pipe.

[0013] Optionally, the energy dissipation prediction module incorporates a PE pipe material correction factor in its calculations; Based on the wall thickness, diameter, and elastic modulus data of the currently used PE pipes, the inherent influence of PE pipe deformation and thermal resistance on the PV curve and temperature conduction is eliminated to ensure that the calculated impedance characteristics truly reflect the geological properties of the rock mass borehole wall.

[0014] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating explosive energy based on multi-point temperature sensing, the method being executed based on the system described in any one of the first aspects, and comprising the following steps: The PE pipe is inserted into the borehole, and a flexible temperature-sensing gas injection rod with integrated sensing sensors is inserted. Perform inflation and shaping operations, and simultaneously record the pressure-volume change curve and the transient temperature response curve of the gas during the inflation process; Using the physical impedance model, the nonlinear characteristics of the pressure curve and the attenuation characteristics of the temperature curve are decoupled and analyzed to identify and locate the fracture development zone and water-rich zone of the pore wall. Quantify the mechanical energy loss caused by the fracture and the thermal energy loss caused by the water body separately, and calculate the required compensation energy; Based on the energy compensation requirements, a segmented variable density charge strategy is automatically generated and executed during the charge process to achieve refined energy matching for complex geological environments.

[0015] The present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes the necessary gas-filling and shaping process after PE pipe insertion, transforming it into an active aerodynamic and thermodynamic scanning process of the borehole wall's geological features. Without damaging the retaining wall structure or adding extra steps, it effectively penetrates the shielding of the PE pipe medium, decoupling and reversing the mechanical expansion stiffness and thermal adsorption characteristics of the concealed rock mass. The system's established energy dissipation prediction model can accurately quantify the mechanical energy loss caused by gas escape and the thermal energy loss caused by water quenching, generating refined charging instructions to guide the on-site mixed explosives truck to automatically create air gaps in fractured sections to reduce ineffective actuation, and to increase explosive sensitization in water-rich sections to compensate for thermal quenching. This non-contact detection and adaptive charging mechanism solves the energy mismatch problem caused by blind charging in traditional retaining wall blasting. While improving explosive energy utilization and rock fragmentation quality, it effectively avoids operational safety hazards through built-in abnormal void melting protection logic.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the method for calculating blasting energy based on multi-point temperature sensing in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] This invention provides a blast energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing, comprising: The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal is configured to connect the on-site air compressor equipment to the PE pipe inserted into the borehole. During the gas injection and shaping operation of the PE pipe, it collects the gas injection pressure time-series data, volume flow rate integral data, and transient temperature response data distributed along the pipe length at a millisecond frequency. The rock mass medium impedance decoupling module is configured to decouple the collected data into aerodynamic expansion stiffness characteristics that characterize the mechanical constraint capacity of the borehole wall and thermal relaxation characteristics that characterize the thermal adsorption capacity of the borehole wall, based on the gas state equation and the unsteady thermal conduction model. The energy dissipation prediction module is configured to identify the crack development zone based on the aerodynamic expansion stiffness characteristics and calculate the mechanical energy loss of gas escape, and to identify the water-rich zone based on the thermal relaxation characteristics and calculate the quenching thermal energy loss of water. The adaptive matching module for the charge structure is configured to calculate the energy compensation gain value required to achieve the preset rock-breaking effect based on the calculated mechanical and thermal energy losses, and generate segmented differentiated charge instructions for the borehole. like Figure 1 As shown, the hardware support includes: an intelligent gas injection sensing terminal deployed at the blasting site, an on-site compressed air power source, an on-site mixed explosives vehicle execution terminal, and a data processing and command generation center deployed on edge computing nodes or cloud servers; the coordinated configuration includes: a rock mass impedance decoupling module, an energy dissipation prediction module, and a charge structure adaptive matching module. The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal includes a flexible temperature-sensing gas injection rod; the outer diameter of the gas injection rod is smaller than the inner diameter of the PE pipe to ensure unobstructed gas filling channels.

[0021] A miniature pressure transmitter and a distributed thermistor array are installed on a flexible temperature-sensing gas injection rod. The miniature pressure transmitter is positioned at the front outlet of the rod, employing a front-mounted pressure measurement layout. This effectively eliminates pressure loss errors caused by long pipeline gas delivery, ensuring the accuracy of the acquired inflation pressure timing data. (Unit: Pa) It can accurately and with low delay reflect the in-situ pressure response of gas at the bottom of the PE pipe.

[0022] A pneumatic expansion sealing assembly is configured at the connection interface between the intelligent air injection sensing terminal and the PE pipe. The annular high-strength rubber airbag in the pneumatic expansion sealing assembly expands radially under the drive of an independent air source, forming an airtight seal against the inner wall of the PE pipe.

[0023] The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal also includes a gas heating unit, located downstream of the gas flow control valve. Before or during the gas injection operation, the heating unit rapidly heats the gas to be injected into the PE pipe to a target temperature. This target temperature is dynamically calculated by the control system based on readings from the ambient temperature sensor and is set to be at least 15 degrees Celsius higher than the background temperature of the rock strata (preferably 30°C-50°C). This design artificially creates a significant non-equilibrium thermal potential difference between the gas inside the PE pipe and the rock mass of the borehole wall. According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat will inevitably be transferred from the high-temperature gas to the low-temperature rock wall. Due to the increased temperature difference, the rate of heat transfer is more sensitive to the thermal properties of the rock wall (such as thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity). Especially for water bodies with extremely high specific heat capacity and fluidity, the injection of high-temperature gas will trigger a strong heat sink effect, making the temperature decay rate in this area much faster than in dry areas, thereby greatly improving the system's sensitivity in identifying water-rich areas (areas with high heat adsorption capacity). In addition, to achieve gas metering, the intelligent gas injection sensing terminal also includes a gas mass flow meter.

[0024] Therefore, before performing any geological feature inversion calculations, the energy dissipation prediction module first introduces a PE pipe material correction factor. This factor is a set of matrix parameters that includes the wall thickness of the current batch of PE pipes. (Unit: m) Diameter (Unit: m), elastic modulus Functional relationship with temperature (Unit: Pa) and the thermal conductivity of the material These parameters can be automatically entered into the system by the operator using a barcode scanner to read the QR code on the PE pipe coil, or by selecting the corresponding specification model from the system database.

[0025] When calculating the PV curve generated from data monitored by pressure sensors and gas mass flow meters, the theoretical formula for thin-walled cylinders is used:

[0026] in, This represents the initial geometric volume (in m³) of the PE pipe section under no-pressure conditions. The volume of the PE pipe under the current pressure is then calculated. Theoretically elastic expansion volume And from the measured total inflation volume Subtract this value from the middle to obtain the corrected effective volume. When calculating the temperature profile, the system treats the PE pipe wall as a layer with known thermal resistance. (in, The outer diameter of the PE pipe. The inner diameter of the PE pipe. The boundary layer (the length of the PE pipe segment participating in the heat conduction calculation) is substituted as a known term when establishing the heat conduction model, thereby eliminating the influence of the tool and ensuring that the calculated aerodynamic expansion stiffness and thermal relaxation characteristics truly reflect the geological properties of the rock borehole wall.

[0027] Because the sensor array is distributed along the length of the tube, the decoupling module can obtain different depths. The function of temperature change over time For each depth point The module uses a differential algorithm to calculate its temperature decay rate. ,in, For the infinitesimal variable of temperature (temperature difference). The time interval is a small variable. The decoupling module performs point-by-point differential comparison between the measured decay rate curve and the pre-configured reference curve; when the measured temperature curve shows a steep downward trend at a certain depth (e.g., 15m-18m), its decay rate... Instead of following a gradual natural cooling process, it exhibits an exponential acceleration, and the rate of decay is significantly higher than the baseline curve (e.g., exceeding the baseline value by 30% or more). The module will determine that a thermal short circuit has occurred in this area, and thus determine that this depth segment is a water-rich area containing a medium with high specific heat capacity. Based on the magnitude of the deviation, the thermal relaxation coefficient, which characterizes the water saturation, can be further quantified and calculated.

[0028] The decoupling module processes inflation pressure timing data synchronously. and corrected volumetric flow rate integral data A dynamic pressure-volume PV response map was constructed.

[0029] The module focuses on analyzing the slope changes during the pressure build-up process. ,in, This represents the change in gas pressure inside the pipe during the system sampling time interval. This represents the change in gas volume within the PE tube during the system sampling time interval. In a theoretically intact bore wall, when the PE tube is completely attached to the wall, the volume... Almost no longer increasing, The value should tend towards infinity (or a very large constant). However, in the fracture-developed region, the module detects the following anomalous features: During the initial to middle stages of inflation, the PV curve exhibits a non-linear, low-level hysteresis phase, indicating that although gas is continuously injected, the pressure remains low. However, it was built very slowly. Slope The stiffness is much smaller than the theoretical value. At this point, it is determined that the PE pipe is being forced into the fissures of the rock mass. The additional air volume corresponding to the hysteresis phase is calculated. If the If the error significantly exceeds the theoretical volume error range calculated based on the borehole diameter (e.g., exceeding 5%), the system determines that the region is a fracture development zone with open-type structures.

[0030] The intelligent inflation sensing terminal continuously monitors the PV status during the initial inflation phase (e.g., the first 10 to 30 seconds). Preset logical thresholds include the minimum pressure build-up rate and the maximum allowable flow rate. If pressure is detected... The pressure remained consistently low (close to atmospheric pressure), failing to establish effective back pressure, while simultaneously, the cumulative flow rate displayed by the volumetric flow meter... However, the gas level continues to increase rapidly, reaching a high saturation state. This indicates that the injected gas has not encountered any effective physical barrier, and the PE pipe may have ruptured or expanded infinitely into a large cavity. The specific judgment logic is as follows: Monitoring window time after inflation command is issued (For example, set to 15 seconds) If the system detects pressure inside the pipe Always below the critical threshold (For example (i.e., failure to establish effective back pressure), and at the same time, the instantaneous flow rate displayed by the gas mass flow meter... Continuously exceeding the saturation flow threshold (For example If the void is in an unobstructed state of release, then the above-mentioned abnormal void determination conditions are met.

[0031] Once this logical combination is triggered, the system identifies it as a perforated abnormal cavity or cavity. The control system immediately executes a millisecond-level circuit breaker: physically cutting off the gas supply and locking the gas injection valve; logically triggering a lockout signal prohibiting charging. This signal has the highest priority and can directly block the generation and transmission of subsequent charging instructions. Simultaneously, the system sends a high-decibel audible and visual alarm and a prominent warning about backfilling to the operator's handheld terminal. This warning requires the operator to first backfill the borehole with aggregate or grout, and only proceed with subsequent operations after a retest confirms its compliance, thus effectively avoiding the safety hazards of blindly charging.

[0032] The specific decoupling calculation logic executed by the rock mass medium impedance decoupling module includes the following steps: The first step is to perform PE pipe material correction. Based on the pre-input PE pipe parameters, the system uses the thin-walled cylinder theoretical formula to calculate the material at the current moment. and pressure Below, the elastic expansion volume of the PE pipe body itself .

[0033] The system will measure the cumulative inflation volume by the flow meter. Subtract the above calculation The effective volume that reflects only the external rock mass constraint behavior is obtained. .

[0034] The second step is to calculate the aerodynamic expansion stiffness. The system uses the transient aerodynamic stiffness defined by differentials. Perform the following judgment:

[0035] In the above formula, The pressure increment during the sampling time interval (unit: Pa); This represents the effective volume increment (unit: m³) within the sampling time interval.

[0036] If calculated During the pressure build-up phase, the stiffness remained consistently lower than the preset baseline stiffness of the intact rock. (For example Set as If 40% of the area is fractured, then the area is considered to have fracture expansion.

[0037] The energy dissipation prediction module is responsible for establishing a physical loss model based on in-situ measured data; and for calculating the additional inflation volume based on the hysteresis segment of the PV curve. Establish time constant with pressure The equivalent hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the fractured region was calculated by inversion; the gas behavior was simulated using the JWL equation of state when the pressure inside the borehole jumped from atmospheric pressure to the GPa level at the moment of explosive detonation; and the mass flow rate of high-temperature and high-pressure gas escaping through the fracture network during the detonation duration was calculated. A crack roughness correction factor is configured during the calculation, which can be estimated from the airflow turbulence characteristics during the inflation stage, to correct the deviation between the theoretical and actual flow velocities; the mechanical energy loss is obtained by integrating the sum of internal and kinetic energy lost due to gas escape. .

[0038] The energy dissipation prediction module, based on the thermal relaxation coefficient, estimates the water saturation of the rock mass surrounding the borehole and the effective envelope thickness of the water. Then, it applies transient heat conduction differential equations to simulate the heat exchange process as the detonation wave front passes through the water-bearing medium. During the simulation, a coupled phase change endothermic-reaction quenching model is used to calculate the additional enthalpy compensation required to maintain the ideal detonation state, defined as heat loss. The accuracy of this value calculation directly determines the accuracy of subsequent water-sensitization-resistant formulations.

[0039] Specific quantifications include: 1. Mechanical energy loss Calculation:

[0040] In the above formula, This represents the total mechanical energy loss due to gas escape (in J). The effective time of the detonation gas of the explosive (in seconds, usually taken as 10-50 ms). The theoretical curve (in Pa) showing the change of detonation pressure over time caused by the explosion of the explosive is obtained by simulation using the JWL equation of state for the explosive. The flow coefficient of the fracture gas (dimensionless constant, ranging from 0.6 to 0.8). The equivalent fracture opening area (in m²) is obtained by inverting the additional inflation volume and pressure establishment time constant analyzed in the aforementioned inflation stage. This is the equivalent density of the detonation product gas under high temperature and high pressure (unit: kg / m³).

[0041] 2. Heat loss Calculation:

[0042] In the above formula, The total heat loss caused by water quenching (in J). The effective water mass affected by the explosion (in kg) is derived from the water saturation estimated based on the aforementioned thermal relaxation coefficient. The specific heat capacity of water at constant pressure (take) ); The boiling point temperature of water (unit: boiling point) Take 100 ); Background temperature of the rock strata (unit) ); The latent heat of vaporization of water (take) ); is the reaction kinetics inhibition correction coefficient (dimensionless, with a value greater than 1, representing the additional energy loss caused by incomplete chemical reaction due to temperature reduction).

[0043] Based on the quantified values ​​of the two types of losses mentioned above, the module does not simply perform scalar superposition, but rather performs vector synthesis according to the rock fracturing mechanism. For mechanical energy loss, the primary impact is on the throwing action; for thermal energy loss, the primary impact is on the fracturing action. The module calculates the weighted average value along the borehole depth based on the preset blasting design objective (e.g., emphasizing loosening or throwing). Distributed energy compensation gain function This function specifies the percentage adjustment required for the charge energy density relative to a baseline value at each depth point. Energy compensation gain value. It depends on the depth The formula for calculating the dimensionless coefficient of change is:

[0044] In the above formula, For depth The charge energy gain coefficient at the location ( (representing maintaining the baseline charge); This represents the theoretical total energy (in J) released by a standard charge under ideal conditions within the current calculation segment. This represents the heat loss value (in J) within the calculation segment at this depth. This represents the mechanical energy loss value (in J) within the calculation segment at this depth. This is a heat compensation weighting coefficient (dimensionless, empirically ranging from 1.2 to 1.5, used to enhance energy supply in water-rich areas). This is the leakage penalty coefficient (dimensionless, empirically ranging from 0.8 to 1.0, used to reduce ineffective charges in fractured zones).

[0045] According to the logic of this formula: when the water-rich area leads to large heat loss... The system generates instructions to increase sensitivity; when the fracture zone leads to large mechanical leakage, If the value is significantly less than 1, the system will generate an air gap or a reduced charge instruction.

[0046] The adaptive matching module for charge structure will abstract the The function is converted into physical action instructions that can be executed by the field mixed explosives vehicle (MEMU), namely segmented differentiated explosives loading instructions.

[0047] against For water-rich sections where the value is significantly greater than 1 (i.e., there is severe heat loss), the module generates a water-sensitization adjustment command. The water-sensitization adjustment command includes: increasing the proportion of sensitizer; wherein, increasing the proportion of sensitizer is based on the heat loss value, the required explosive detonation velocity target value is calculated in reverse, and the proportion of sensitizer is determined through a pre-configured explosive performance-formulation mapping database.

[0048] against In fracture development zones with a value significantly less than 1 (i.e., indicating severe mechanical energy loss), the module generates air gap deployment instructions. Loading explosives into fracture zones is often ineffective and dangerous. By calculating the upper and lower boundary coordinates of the fracture segment, its location is determined. During explosive loading, air gap columns are created without loading explosives into the fracture segment. This air column transforms the high-pressure pulse generated by the explosive detonation into a longer-lasting quasi-static pressure wave. This avoids the direct ejection of gas from the fracture, preventing flyrock, and utilizes the energy storage effect of the gas to extend the rock-breaking time, achieving soft loading.

[0049] This embodiment provides a method for calculating blast energy based on multi-point temperature sensing, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps include the following: Step S1: Intervention and deployment of the sensing system.

[0050] A flexible temperature-sensing gas injection rod integrating a miniature pressure transmitter and a distributed thermistor array is inserted into the bottom of a PE pipe placed in the borehole. Step S2: Multidimensional data acquisition under active stimulation.

[0051] Initiate the inflation procedure. The system activates the heating unit to preheat the injected gas to at least 15°C above the rock temperature. During inflation and subsequent pressure holding, the system records data simultaneously: Fluid dynamics data stream: Orifice / bottom pressure Integral with volumetric flow rate .

[0052] Thermodynamic data stream: Transient temperature response matrix distributed along the depth of the hole .

[0053] Step S3: Decoupling and inversion of physical characteristics.

[0054] The edge computing module first calls the PE pipe material correction factor to eliminate pipe material interference.

[0055] Based on the hysteresis loop and slope characteristics of the PV curve, the fracture development zone is identified.

[0056] Water-rich areas are identified based on the deviation of the temperature decay curve from the adiabatic cooling baseline.

[0057] Step S4: Energy loss quantification and compensation calculation.

[0058] The energy dissipation prediction module is based on the physical model: Calculate the mechanical energy loss from gas escape and the thermal energy loss from impact quenching in the fracture zone.

[0059] Based on the loss value, the required energy compensation gain function is calculated in reverse. .

[0060] Step S5: Generation and execution of structured charge instructions.

[0061] The adaptive matching module for charge structure will Convert to PSCF pumping timing control file.

[0062] The on-site mixed explosives truck receives the documents and performs automated loading.

[0063] In the water-rich section, the sensitization degree is automatically increased to construct a high-energy water-resistant drug column.

[0064] In the fractured section, the pump is automatically stopped and the pipe is lifted to create an air gap.

[0065] Ultimately, a finely crafted charge structure with varying density and discontinuity is formed within a single hole.

[0066] To cope with changes in the external environment, especially temperature changes, the rock mass medium impedance decoupling module incorporates a temperature-dependent constitutive model of polymer materials. Before operation, the intelligent gas injection sensing terminal reads the ambient temperature through a temperature sensor, automatically queries the database for the stress-strain curves of this batch of PE pipes at low temperatures, and dynamically adjusts the theoretical aerodynamic stiffness benchmark value.

[0067] To ensure data transmission validity and interference resistance, the distributed thermistor array adopts a fully digital bus architecture; each sensor node has a built-in miniature A / D converter that directly outputs digital signals. The internal communication cables of the pole adopt a twisted-pair shielded structure and are supplemented with a differential transmission protocol.

[0068] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing, applied to blasting operations of PE pipes in fractured and water-bearing rock strata, characterized in that, The system includes: The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal is configured to connect the on-site air compressor equipment to the PE pipe inserted into the borehole. During the gas injection and shaping operation of the PE pipe, it collects the gas injection pressure time-series data, volume flow rate integral data, and transient temperature response data distributed along the pipe length at a millisecond frequency. The rock mass medium impedance decoupling module is configured to decouple the collected data into aerodynamic expansion stiffness characteristics that characterize the mechanical constraint capacity of the borehole wall and thermal relaxation characteristics that characterize the thermal adsorption capacity of the borehole wall, based on the gas state equation and the unsteady thermal conduction model. The energy dissipation prediction module is configured to identify the crack development zone based on the aerodynamic expansion stiffness characteristics and calculate the mechanical energy loss of gas escape, and to identify the water-rich zone based on the thermal relaxation characteristics and calculate the quenching thermal energy loss of water. The charge structure adaptive matching module is configured to calculate the energy compensation gain value required to achieve the preset rock-breaking effect based on the calculated mechanical energy loss and thermal energy loss, and generate segmented differentiated charge instructions for the borehole.

2. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific logic for the rock mass medium impedance decoupling module to identify water-rich areas is as follows: The transient temperature response data during the gas filling and pressure holding stage of the PE pipe were extracted, and the temperature decay rate curve over time was calculated. The decay rate curve is compared differentially with a preset dry rock adiabatic cooling reference curve. When the temperature decay rate at a certain depth section exhibits an exponential acceleration and the magnitude is significantly higher than the baseline curve, the region is determined to be a water-rich area containing a medium with high specific heat capacity, indicating that the heat of compression of the gas inside the pipe is rapidly adsorbed and dissipated by the external water body.

3. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific logic for the rock mass medium impedance decoupling module to identify fracture development zones is as follows: Constructing a pressure-volume PV response spectrum during the inflation process; Analyzing the slope change during the pressure build-up process, if a nonlinear low-level hysteresis segment appears at the pressure rise edge, and the corresponding volumetric flow rate integral data significantly exceeds the theoretical pore volume, then the region is determined to be a fracture development zone with an open-type structure, indicating that the PE pipe wall has undergone plastic embedding or excessive expansion into the rock mass fractures under the action of air pressure.

4. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The segmented differentiated charge instructions generated by the charge structure adaptive matching module specifically include: Water-resistant sensitization adjustment command: For the identified water-rich areas, the command instructs the on-site mixed explosives truck to increase the density of sensitized bubbles in the emulsion explosive matrix in order to increase the explosive detonation velocity and compensate for the energy quenching caused by the water. Air gap deployment command: For the identified fracture development zone, the command automatically forms an air gap column in the PE pipe at that depth section, thereby reducing the ineffective drive of high-pressure explosive gas to the fracture by reducing the average charge linear density in that section.

5. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal includes a flexible temperature-sensing gas injection rod that can be inserted into the PE pipe. The flexible temperature-measuring gas injection rod integrates a miniature pressure transmitter and a distributed thermistor array. It is configured to perform multi-point detection as the rod penetrates to the bottom of the PE pipe during the gas injection process, and is retrieved with the rod after the gas is filled, eliminating the need for sensor components to remain on the PE pipe.

6. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is also equipped with an inflation preheating enhancement mechanism; The intelligent gas injection sensing terminal integrates a gas heating unit, which is configured to preheat the gas injected into the PE pipe to a temperature at least 15 degrees Celsius higher than the background temperature of the rock strata, thereby artificially constructing an initial temperature difference field with a high signal-to-noise ratio and improving the recognition sensitivity of the thermal relaxation characteristics.

7. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes abnormal void fuse protection logic; If the intelligent air injection sensing terminal detects that the pressure cannot be established and the volume flow rate remains at a high saturation state during the initial stage of air injection, the system determines it to be a perforated abnormal cavity or karst cave. At this moment, the system immediately triggers a lockout signal prohibiting explosive loading and sends a slag disposal warning to the operation terminal to prevent the explosive from leaking directly into the geological cavity and causing a safety accident.

8. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive matching module for the explosive loading structure is connected to the control system of the on-site mixed explosives vehicle via an industrial wireless network. The segmented differentiated charge instructions are encoded as a pumping timing control file. Based on this file, the mixed explosives vehicle automatically adjusts the start, stop and flow rate of the explosives pump during the lifting of the delivery pipe, thereby constructing a variable density, discontinuous, refined explosive column structure within the single-hole PE pipe.

9. The blasting energy calculation system based on multi-point temperature sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation prediction module incorporates a PE pipe material correction factor in its calculations. Based on the wall thickness, diameter, and elastic modulus data of the currently used PE pipes, the inherent influence of PE pipe deformation and thermal resistance on the PV curve and temperature conduction is eliminated to ensure that the calculated impedance characteristics truly reflect the geological properties of the rock mass borehole wall.

10. A method for calculating blast energy based on multi-point temperature sensing, characterized in that, The method is performed based on the system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and includes the following steps: The PE pipe is inserted into the borehole, and a flexible temperature-sensing gas injection rod with integrated sensing sensors is inserted. Perform inflation and shaping operations, and simultaneously record the pressure-volume change curve and the transient temperature response curve of the gas during the inflation process; Using the physical impedance model, the nonlinear characteristics of the pressure curve and the attenuation characteristics of the temperature curve are decoupled and analyzed to identify and locate the fracture development zone and water-rich zone of the pore wall. Quantify the mechanical energy loss caused by the fracture and the thermal energy loss caused by the water body separately, and calculate the required compensation energy; Based on the energy compensation requirements, a segmented variable density charge strategy is automatically generated and executed during the charge process to achieve refined energy matching for complex geological environments.

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