An adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test stand and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell testing, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive pressure difference balancing fuel cell test bench and a method thereof, comprising a hydrogen pipeline, an air pipeline, a balancing bin, a piston, a pair of flow valves, a reverse synchronization assembly, an overload protection assembly and a pressure difference adjusting assembly, the balancing bin is in communication with the hydrogen pipeline and the air pipeline, the piston is in sliding connection with the balancing bin, the flow valve comprises an air chamber and a baffle, the two air chambers are in communication with the hydrogen pipeline and the air pipeline respectively, the baffle penetrates through the air chamber and is in sliding connection with the air chamber, the present application is to realize self-regulation and control of pressure difference balancing, and simultaneously realize overload protection when the pressure difference is out of control, the pressure difference is balanced automatically by the piston and the first tension spring, the air path flow is adjusted adaptively in combination with the reverse synchronization assembly, the hydrogen supply can be quickly cut off when the pressure difference is out of control, the test pressure difference can be accurately maintained to be stable, the safety risk can be effectively reduced, and different test pressure difference requirements can be adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell testing technology, and specifically to an adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench and method. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell test bench is a specialized device for testing the performance of fuel cells. It can simulate the actual operating conditions of gas supply, pressure, temperature, humidity and load, and comprehensively test the power generation performance, sealing pressure resistance, differential pressure stability and structural reliability of the fuel cell stack. It can not only screen qualified products and eliminate safety hazards such as gas leakage, but also verify durability performance and optimize operating parameters to ensure stable power and safe use after installation in a vehicle.

[0003] During the test, the pressure difference between the hydrogen chamber and the air chamber is balanced. This can prevent excessive pressure difference from tearing the proton membrane and preventing gas cross-contamination that could cause safety hazards. It can also ensure that each chamber is subjected to uniform force, guarantee the authenticity and accuracy of mechanical test data such as sealing, compression, and pressure resistance, and maintain the stable power generation state of the fuel cell stack.

[0004] Existing fuel cell test benches generally rely on electronic control systems to regulate the gas pressure and flow rate at both electrodes to achieve real-time pressure differential control. However, most lack adaptive pressure differential balancing mechanisms and mechanical overload protection structures. When situations such as operating condition switching, airflow congestion, pipeline leakage, or valve response lag occur, abnormal pressure differential loss of control can easily occur, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure differential or a negative pressure phenomenon where the air-side pressure exceeds the pressure. In this situation, the equipment cannot autonomously and quickly correct the balance, which can easily cause proton exchange membrane damage, hydrogen-air gas mixing, and even induce battery combustion and explosion, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench and method, which can autonomously regulate pressure differential balance and provide overload protection when pressure differential is out of control.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An adaptive differential pressure balancing fuel cell test bench is provided, including a hydrogen pipeline, an air pipeline, a balancing chamber, a piston, a pair of flow valves, a reverse synchronization assembly, an overload protection assembly, and a differential pressure regulating assembly. The balancing chamber is connected to both the hydrogen pipeline and the air pipeline. The piston is slidably connected to the balancing chamber. The flow valves include a gas chamber and a baffle. The two gas chambers are respectively connected to the hydrogen pipeline and the air pipeline. The baffle passes through the gas chamber and is slidably connected to it. The reverse synchronization assembly is used to make the piston and the baffle move synchronously in opposite directions. The overload protection assembly is used to push the baffle to close the gas chamber. The differential pressure regulating assembly is used to provide a pulling force to the piston to balance the differential pressure.

[0007] Preferably, in order to adapt to the differential pressure requirements of different tests, it also includes a cabinet, with a partition fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cabinet. The differential pressure adjustment component includes a slider, a slide plate, a first tension spring and a sealing plate. The slider is fixedly connected to the piston, passes through the balance chamber and is slidably connected to it. One end of the first tension spring is fixedly connected to the slider. The slide plate is horizontally mounted on the partition, and the other end of the first tension spring is fixedly connected to the slide plate. The sealing plate is fixedly connected to the slide plate and fits against the inner wall of the balance chamber.

[0008] Preferably, in order to achieve horizontal sliding of the slide plate, the differential pressure adjustment assembly further includes a motor, a screw, and a first guide rod. The motor is used to drive the screw to rotate. The screw is rotatably connected to the partition plate and threadedly connected to the slide plate. The first guide rod is fixedly connected to the partition plate and slidably connected to the slide plate.

[0009] Preferably, considering the need to fix the position of the piston when moving the slide plate, the differential pressure adjustment assembly also includes a first hydraulic rod and a limiting plate. The first hydraulic rod is rotatably connected to the partition plate, the telescopic end of the first hydraulic rod is rotatably connected to the middle of the limiting plate, the limiting plate is rotatably connected to the partition plate, and the inner wall of the limiting plate abuts against the slider.

[0010] Preferably, to enable the piston and the baffle to move synchronously in opposite directions, the reverse synchronization assembly includes a first rack, a second gear, a second rack, a connecting rod, and a pair of connecting blocks. The first rack is fixedly connected to the slider, the first rack and the second rack mesh with the two sides of the second gear respectively, the second gear is rotatably connected to the partition, the second rack is fixedly connected to the connecting rod, the connecting rod is slidably connected to the partition, the two connecting blocks are fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting rod respectively, the connecting block near the air pipe is fixedly connected to the baffle, and the connecting block near the hydrogen pipe is detachably connected to the baffle through an overload protection assembly.

[0011] Preferably, considering the need to distinguish different fluctuation ranges of pressure difference, the first rack includes an idle part and a pair of transmission parts. The two transmission parts are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the idle part and fixedly connected to it. The teeth of the transmission parts mesh with the second gear.

[0012] Preferably, in order to achieve synchronization and disconnection between the baffle and the piston, the baffle near the hydrogen pipeline is inserted into the connecting block and has an insertion hole. The overload protection component includes a rod, a second tension spring, and a pair of guide blocks. The rod passes through the connecting block and is slidably connected to it. The rod is inserted into the insertion hole. One end of the second tension spring is fixedly connected to the rod, and the other end of the second tension spring is fixedly connected to the connecting block. The two guide blocks are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the rod and fixedly connected to the partition.

[0013] Preferably, considering that the baffle needs to be moved to close the gas chamber after disconnection, and that the baffle needs to be reset after testing, the overload protection component also includes a second guide rod, a spring, and a second hydraulic rod. The second guide rod is fixedly connected to the partition plate, and a protruding plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the baffle plate near the hydrogen pipeline. The protruding plate is slidably connected to the second guide rod. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the second guide rod, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the protruding plate. The second hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the partition plate, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic rod abuts against the protruding plate.

[0014] This invention also provides a testing method for an adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Positioning the piston using the limiting plate of the pressure differential adjustment component, then sliding the sliding plate horizontally towards the end closer to the hydrogen pipeline, stretching the first tension spring, and balancing the pressure differential through the tension provided by the rebound of the first tension spring; Step 2: Connecting the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell to the hydrogen pipeline and the air pipeline respectively, and injecting hydrogen and air into the hydrogen pipeline and air pipeline respectively to begin the test, while simultaneously flipping the limiting plate to allow the piston to slide freely; Step 3: When the pressure differential fluctuates within a reasonable range, the air pressure pushes the piston to slide horizontally within the balancing chamber. This adjusts the gas volume on both sides to achieve adaptive pressure stabilization. Simultaneously, the tension of the first spring keeps the piston in a centered position, stabilizing the pressure difference. Step four: When the pressure difference exceeds the reasonable fluctuation range, the piston moves, and the reverse synchronization component pushes the two baffles to slide in the opposite direction to the piston, thereby adjusting the gas flow of the two flow valves and further improving the pressure difference stabilization effect. Step five: When the pressure difference exceeds the safe range, the overload protection component is triggered, causing the baffle on the hydrogen pipeline to disengage from the reverse synchronization component, and the baffle completely blocks the gas chamber, quickly stopping the injection of hydrogen and reducing safety risks.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention utilizes a piston, a first tension spring, and a reverse synchronization component to achieve graded adaptive pressure stabilization. During small pressure fluctuations, the piston slides to change the chamber volume, quickly stabilizing the pressure difference. When the pressure difference deviates beyond the limit, a linkage baffle reverses the flow rate of the hydrogen and air pipelines, precisely correcting the pressure difference deviation. Simultaneously, the preload of the first tension spring can be adjusted to adapt to different test pressure difference requirements, effectively improving the stability of the test conditions and the accuracy of the detection data.

[0016] 2. This invention is equipped with a mechanical overload safety protection structure. When the pressure difference exceeds the limit and becomes uncontrollable, it can quickly block the hydrogen pipeline and cut off the flammable gas source through mechanical linkage self-locking, thus preventing the risk of combustion and explosion caused by hydrogen-air mixing and gas leakage from the root. The symmetrical guide block can achieve bidirectional protection against abnormal positive and negative pressure differences, adapting to various uncontrollable working conditions. Moreover, the structure can be linked to reset, greatly improving the safety of equipment operation and testing, and reducing the risk of equipment damage and safety accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0020] Figure 3 The cabinet structure of this invention is disassembled. Figure 1 .

[0021] Figure 4 The cabinet structure of this invention is disassembled. Figure 2 .

[0022] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the partition structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the balance chamber structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the reverse synchronization component of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the overload protection component of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a structural exploded view of the differential pressure regulating component of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0029] In the picture: 1. Cabinet; 10. Shelf; 11. Hydrogen pipe; 12. Air pipe; 13. Balance chamber; 14. Piston; 15. Flow valve; 150. Gas chamber; 151. Baffle; 1510. Insertion hole; 152. Protruding plate; 2. Reverse synchronization assembly; 20. First rack; 200. Idling part; 201. Transmission part; 21. Second gear; 22. Second rack; 23. Connecting rod; 24. Connecting block; 3. Overload protection assembly; 30. Insert rod; 31. Second tension spring; 32. Guide block; 33. Second guide rod; 34. Spring; 35. Second hydraulic rod; 4. Differential pressure adjustment assembly; 40. Slider; 41. Slide plate; 42. First tension spring; 43. Sealing plate; 44. Motor; 45. Screw; 46. First guide rod; 47. First hydraulic rod; 48. Limiting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual images. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating a connection between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown: An adaptive differential pressure balancing fuel cell test bench includes a hydrogen pipeline 11, an air pipeline 12, a balancing chamber 13, a piston 14, a pair of flow valves 15, a reverse synchronization assembly 2, an overload protection assembly 3, and a differential pressure regulating assembly 4. The balancing chamber 13 is connected to the hydrogen pipeline 11 and the air pipeline 12. The piston 14 is slidably connected to the balancing chamber 13. The flow valves 15 include a gas chamber 150 and a baffle 151. The two gas chambers 150 are respectively connected to the hydrogen pipeline 11 and the air pipeline 12. The baffle 151 passes through the gas chamber 150 and is slidably connected to it. The reverse synchronization assembly 2 is used to make the piston 14 and the baffle 151 move synchronously in opposite directions. The overload protection assembly 3 is used to push the baffle 151 to close the gas chamber 150. The differential pressure regulating assembly 4 is used to provide a pulling force to the piston 14 to balance the differential pressure.

[0035] During fuel cell testing, the fuel cell is placed in the recess of cabinet 1, and hydrogen pipe 11 and air pipe 12 are connected to its positive and negative electrodes respectively. Then, hydrogen and air are injected into the fuel cell for testing. At this time, hydrogen and air enter from both ends of the balance chamber 13. When the gas pressure on both sides fluctuates, it pushes piston 14 to slide horizontally within the balance chamber 13. When the pressure difference is too large, piston 14 moves towards the air pipe 12 end. By moving piston 14, the volume of gas on both sides is adjusted so that the pressure difference gradually decreases, and vice versa, the pressure difference gradually increases, achieving the effect of autonomously adjusting and balancing the pressure difference.

[0036] Furthermore, when the pressure difference fluctuation exceeds a certain range, the reverse synchronization component 2 drives the baffle 151 to slide in the gas chamber 150, thereby controlling the flow rate of the airflow through the flow valve 15. When the pressure difference is too large, the baffle 151 on the hydrogen pipeline 11 inserts into the gas chamber 150 to reduce the hydrogen flow rate, while the baffle 151 on the air pipeline 12 slides out of the gas chamber 150 to increase the air flow rate, thereby reducing the pressure difference. Conversely, it can increase the pressure difference, which in turn works with the piston 14 to improve the balance effect of the pressure difference.

[0037] like Figures 2 to 10 As shown: It also includes a cabinet 1, with a partition 10 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cabinet 1. The differential pressure adjustment component 4 includes a slider 40, a slide plate 41, a first tension spring 42, and a sealing plate 43. The slider 40 is fixedly connected to the piston 14. The slider 40 passes through the balance chamber 13 and is slidably connected to it. One end of the first tension spring 42 is fixedly connected to the slider 40. The slide plate 41 is horizontally slidably mounted on the partition 10. The other end of the first tension spring 42 is fixedly connected to the slide plate 41. The sealing plate 43 is fixedly connected to the slide plate 41 and fits against the inner wall of the balance chamber 13.

[0038] Both the reverse synchronization component 2 and the overload protection component 3 are installed on the partition plate 10. The piston 14 is connected to the first tension spring 42 through the slider 40. The slider 40, the first tension spring 42 and the sealing plate 43 are all provided in pairs. The two first tension springs 42 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the piston 14 to balance the force on the piston 14. At the same time, the sealing plate 43 prevents gas leakage from the slot on the balance chamber 13 that allows the slider 40 to slide.

[0039] The differential pressure regulating assembly 4 also includes a motor 44, a screw 45, and a first guide rod 46. The motor 44 is used to drive the screw 45 to rotate. The screw 45 is rotatably connected to the partition 10 and threadedly connected to the slide plate 41. The first guide rod 46 is fixedly connected to the partition 10 and slidably connected to the slide plate 41.

[0040] The differential pressure regulating assembly 4 also includes a first hydraulic rod 47 and a limiting plate 48. The first hydraulic rod 47 is rotatably connected to the partition 10. The telescopic end of the first hydraulic rod 47 is rotatably connected to the middle of the limiting plate 48. The limiting plate 48 is rotatably connected to the partition 10. The inner wall of the limiting plate 48 abuts against the slider 40.

[0041] In the initial state before testing, the limiting plate 48 is in a vertical position, limiting the slider 40 and preventing the piston 14 from slipping. Transmission is achieved by a pair of meshing first gears on the output shaft of the motor 44 and one end of the screw 45, accommodating the installation tolerances of the motor 44 and the screw 45. The motor 44 is energized, driving the screw 45 to rotate. Through the threaded transmission between the screw 45 and the slide plate 41, the slide plate 41 is pushed horizontally along the first guide rod 46 and moved to the appropriate position. At this time, the first tension spring 42 is stretched, and the rebound force of the first tension spring 42 provides a pulling force to the piston 14 pointing towards the end of the hydrogen pipe 11. After hydrogen and air enter the balance chamber 13, the first hydraulic rod 47 is activated, causing the limiting plate 48 to flip to an inclined state and separate from the slider 40. At this time, the slider 40 remains balanced under the pressure difference and the tension of the first tension spring 42, and can move freely with changes in pressure difference, thus preventing excessive displacement of the piston 14 during testing. Furthermore, by adjusting the position of the slide plate 41, the tension of the first spring 34 can be increased or decreased, thereby adapting to the pressure difference value required for different tests.

[0042] like Figures 4 to 9 As shown: The reverse synchronization assembly 2 includes a first rack 20, a second gear 21, a second rack 22, a connecting rod 23, and a pair of connecting blocks 24. The first rack 20 is fixedly connected to the slider 40. The first rack 20 and the second rack 22 mesh with the two sides of the second gear 21, respectively. The second gear 21 is rotatably connected to the partition 10. The second rack 22 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 23. The connecting rod 23 is slidably connected to the partition 10. The two connecting blocks 24 are fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting rod 23, respectively. The connecting block 24 near the air pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the baffle 151. The connecting block 24 near the hydrogen pipe 11 is detachably connected to the baffle 151 through the overload protection assembly 3.

[0043] The first rack 20 includes a free-rotating section 200 and a pair of transmission sections 201. The two transmission sections 201 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the free-rotating section 200 and fixedly connected thereto. The teeth of the transmission sections 201 mesh with the second gear 21. Because the pressure difference needs to fluctuate within a certain range during the test, when the piston 14's sliding range is within a suitable distance, the piston 14 drives the slider 40 and the first rack 20 to move. The idle part 200 of the first rack 20 is located on one side of the second gear 21. One side of the idle part 200 is a planar structure. The two move relative to each other, while the connecting rod 23 remains stationary, and the airflow in the two flow valves 15 remains unchanged. When the pressure difference fluctuates beyond a certain range, the sliding range of the piston 14 extends. At this time, the transmission part 201 of the first rack 20 contacts the second gear 21 and continues to slide with the piston 14. Through the transmission part 201 and the meshing transmission between the second rack 22 and the second gear 21, the connecting rod 23 is pushed to slide in the opposite direction. This achieves synchronous reverse transmission between the piston 14 and the baffle 151, allowing the flow rate of the two flow valves 15 to adaptively adjust its size according to the change in pressure difference.

[0044] like Figures 4 to 10 As shown: A baffle 151 near the hydrogen pipeline 11 is inserted into the connecting block 24 and has an insertion hole 1510. The overload protection component 3 includes a rod 30, a second tension spring 31 and a pair of guide blocks 32. The rod 30 passes through the connecting block 24 and is slidably connected to it. The rod 30 is inserted into the insertion hole 1510. One end of the second tension spring 31 is fixedly connected to the rod 30 and the other end of the second tension spring 31 is fixedly connected to the connecting block 24. The two guide blocks 32 are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the rod 30 and fixedly connected to the partition 10.

[0045] The overload protection assembly 3 also includes a second guide rod 33, a spring 34, and a second hydraulic rod 35. The second guide rod 33 is fixedly connected to the partition 10. A protruding plate 152 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the baffle 151 near the hydrogen pipeline 11. The protruding plate 152 is slidably connected to the second guide rod 33. One end of the spring 34 is fixedly connected to the second guide rod 33, and the other end of the spring 34 is fixedly connected to the protruding plate 152. The second hydraulic rod 35 is fixedly connected to the partition 10, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic rod 35 abuts against the protruding plate 152.

[0046] Spring 34 is sleeved around the second guide rod 33 to prevent it from bending. As the connecting rod 23 pushes the connecting block 24 to move, the connecting block 24 drives the two baffles 151 to move and adjust the flow rate of the flow valve 15. During this process, spring 34 is always in a compressed state. Insert rod 30 moves along the connecting block 24 near the hydrogen pipeline 11 and contacts one of the guide blocks 32. The protruding plate 152 slides along the second guide rod along the baffle 151. The opposite ends of the two guide blocks 32 are both inclined structures. When the pressure difference exceeds the safe range, insert rod 30 abuts against the guide block 32 and slides out of the insertion hole 1510 along the inclined surface, separating from the baffle 151. The second tension spring 31 is stretched, and then spring 34 rebounds to push the baffle 151 to slide quickly into the gas chamber 150 and completely block it, so that the flow valve 15 on the hydrogen pipeline 11 is completely closed. This allows for rapid shut-off of hydrogen injection when the pressure difference is out of control, preventing flammable gas leakage and providing overload protection. The two symmetrically arranged guide blocks 32 ensure that the protection mechanism can be triggered when the pressure difference is too large or too small, further improving the protection effect.

[0047] After the test, the hydrogen pipeline 11 is closed, and air is injected into the balance chamber 13 through the air pipeline 12. The pressure difference pushes the piston 14 to slide, moving the insertion rod 30 to the appropriate position. Then, the second hydraulic rod 35 is activated, its telescopic end extends and abuts against the protrusion 152, then pushes the baffle 151 back into the connecting block 24 and pushes it towards the air pipeline 12. As the insertion rod 30 separates from the guide block 32, the second tension spring 31 rebounds, causing the insertion rod 30 to re-insert into the insertion hole 1510, restoring the linkage between the baffle 151 and the connecting rod 23. Finally, the air is expelled, causing the piston 14 to reset, and the first hydraulic rod 47 pushes the limit plate 48 to reset, allowing the test bench to return to standby mode.

[0048] Both hydrogen pipeline 11 and air pipeline 12 pass through the side wall of cabinet 1 and are fixedly connected to partition 10. A hydrogen storage tank is detachably installed inside cabinet 1, and the hydrogen storage tank is connected to one end of hydrogen pipeline 11. An air compressor is fixedly connected to the top of partition 10, and the air outlet of the air compressor is connected to one end of air pipeline 12. The hydrogen storage tank and air compressor can be used to supply hydrogen and air to the two poles of the fuel cell, respectively, for testing. Electrically controlled valves are installed at the other end of hydrogen pipeline 11 and air pipeline 12. A pair of electrically controlled valves can close hydrogen pipeline 11 and air pipeline 12 during the reset of baffle 151 to prevent gas leakage, and can also control the opening and closing of hydrogen pipeline 11 and air pipeline 12, providing a double protection effect in conjunction with overload protection component 3.

[0049] This embodiment also provides a test method for an adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench, including the following steps: Step 1: Position the piston 14 using the limiting plate 48 of the pressure differential adjustment component 4, and then slide the slide plate 41 horizontally towards the end near the hydrogen pipeline 11, stretching the first tension spring 42. The tension provided by the rebound of the first tension spring 42 balances the pressure differential. Step 2: Connect the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell to the hydrogen pipeline 11 and the air pipeline 12 respectively, and inject hydrogen and air into the hydrogen pipeline 11 and the air pipeline 12 respectively to start the test. At the same time, flip the limiting plate 48 to allow the piston 14 to slide freely. Step 3: When the pressure differential fluctuates within a reasonable range, the air pressure pushes the piston 14 to slide horizontally within the balance chamber 13. The piston 14 moves to adjust the gas volume on both sides, achieving an adaptive pressure stabilization effect. At the same time, the tension of the first tension spring 42 keeps the piston 14 in a reset and centered position, achieving a stable pressure difference. Step 4: When the pressure difference exceeds the reasonable fluctuation range, as the piston 14 moves, the reverse synchronization component 2 pushes the two baffles 151 to slide in the opposite direction to the piston 14, thereby adjusting the gas flow of the two flow valves 15 and further improving the effect of stabilizing the pressure difference. Step 5: When the pressure difference exceeds the safe range, the overload protection component 3 is triggered to disengage the baffles 151 on the hydrogen pipeline 11 from the reverse synchronization component 2, and the baffles 151 completely block the gas chamber 150, quickly stopping the injection of hydrogen and reducing safety risks.

[0050] In this embodiment, the adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench operates as follows: Before testing, the limiting plate 48 vertically limits the slider 40 and piston 14. The motor 44 drives the first gear and screw 45 to move the slide plate 41 and stretch the first tension spring 42, setting the tension of the first tension spring 42 within the target pressure differential range. Subsequently, the first hydraulic rod 47 drives the limiting plate 48 to flip and release the limit. During testing, the hydrogen storage tank and air compressor respectively deliver hydrogen and air to both sides of the fuel cell and the balance chamber 13. Pressure fluctuations push the piston 14 to slide horizontally, cooperating with the symmetrically arranged first tension springs 42 on both sides to achieve initial adaptive pressure adjustment. The sealing plate 43 prevents gas leakage at the slot. When the pressure differential fluctuates slightly, the piston 14, along with the slider 40 and the first rack 20, moves slightly. By sliding the piston 14, the volume of the cavities on both sides is changed, achieving adaptive pressure differential stabilization. At the same time, the idle part 200 of the first rack 20 and the second gear 21 are not driven, and the gas flow remains unchanged. When the pressure difference exceeds the normal range, the transmission part 201 of the first rack 20 meshes with the second gear 21, and then the reverse synchronization assembly 2 composed of the second gear 21, the second rack 22 and the connecting rod 23 drives the baffles 151 on both sides to slide in the opposite direction to the piston 14, and synchronously adjusts the flow rate of the hydrogen pipeline 11 and the air pipeline 12, and cooperates with the piston 14 to further balance the pressure difference.

[0051] If the pressure difference exceeds the safety limit, the piston 14 slides significantly, causing the insertion rod 30 to disengage from the insertion hole 1510 along the inclined surface of the guide block 32. The baffle 151, under the action of the spring 34, quickly blocks the hydrogen pipeline, achieving emergency gas cut-off overload protection. Both guide blocks 32 can trigger protection when the pressure difference is abnormal in both directions. After the test, the hydrogen source is first shut off, and the air pressure on the air side pushes the piston 14 to reset. The hydraulic rod pushes the protruding plate 152 to re-lock the baffle 151 and the insertion rod 30. Then, the gas in the chamber is discharged, and the limit plate 48 is flipped to lock the piston 14, forming a double-sealed protection with the pipeline electronic control valve. This scheme relies on the piston 14 and the first tension spring 42 to achieve autonomous pressure difference balance, combined with the reverse synchronization component 2 to adaptively adjust the gas flow. It can also quickly cut off the hydrogen supply when the pressure difference is out of control, which can accurately maintain the stability of the test pressure difference, ensure the accuracy of the test data, and effectively avoid the risk of combustion and explosion caused by hydrogen-air mixing and gas leakage. The overall structure can be adapted to different test pressure difference requirements, providing comprehensive protection and reliable operation.

[0052] It should be stated that the above-described specific embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, equivalent substitutions, and variations can be made to the present invention. However, such variations, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, some terminology used in this specification and claims is not limiting, but merely for the purpose of clearly describing the positional relationships and functions of the components.

Claims

1. A fuel cell test bench with adaptive pressure differential balancing, characterized in that, The system includes a hydrogen pipeline (11), an air pipeline (12), a balance chamber (13), a piston (14), a pair of flow valves (15), a reverse synchronization assembly (2), an overload protection assembly (3), and a differential pressure regulating assembly (4). The balance chamber (13) is connected to the hydrogen pipeline (11) and the air pipeline (12). The piston (14) is slidably connected to the balance chamber (13). The flow valves (15) include a gas chamber (150) and a baffle (151). The two gas chambers (150) are connected to the hydrogen pipeline (11) and the air pipeline (12) respectively. The baffle (151) passes through the gas chamber (150) and is slidably connected to it. The reverse synchronization assembly (2) is used to make the piston (14) and the baffle (151) move synchronously in opposite directions. The overload protection assembly (3) is used to push the baffle (151) to close the gas chamber (150). The differential pressure regulating assembly (4) is used to provide a pulling force to the piston (14) to balance the differential pressure.

2. The adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a cabinet (1), the inner wall of which is fixedly connected to a partition (10). The differential pressure adjustment component (4) includes a slider (40), a slide plate (41), a first tension spring (42), and a sealing plate (43). The slider (40) is fixedly connected to the piston (14). The slider (40) passes through the balance chamber (13) and is slidably connected to it. One end of the first tension spring (42) is fixedly connected to the slider (40). The slide plate (41) is horizontally slidably installed on the partition (10). The other end of the first tension spring (42) is fixedly connected to the slide plate (41). The sealing plate (43) is fixedly connected to the slide plate (41). The sealing plate (43) is in contact with the inner wall of the balance chamber (13).

3. The adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that, The differential pressure regulating assembly (4) further includes a motor (44), a screw (45) and a first guide rod (46). The motor (44) is used to drive the screw (45) to rotate. The screw (45) is rotatably connected to the partition (10). The screw (45) is threadedly connected to the slide plate (41). The first guide rod (46) is fixedly connected to the partition (10) and slidably connected to the slide plate (41).

4. The adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that, The differential pressure regulating component (4) further includes a first hydraulic rod (47) and a limiting plate (48). The first hydraulic rod (47) is rotatably connected to the partition plate (10). The telescopic end of the first hydraulic rod (47) is rotatably connected to the middle part of the limiting plate (48). The limiting plate (48) is rotatably connected to the partition plate (10). The inner wall of the limiting plate (48) abuts against the slider (40).

5. The adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reverse synchronization assembly (2) includes a first rack (20), a second gear (21), a second rack (22), a connecting rod (23), and a pair of connecting blocks (24). The first rack (20) is fixedly connected to the slider (40). The first rack (20) and the second rack (22) mesh with the two sides of the second gear (21) respectively. The second gear (21) is rotatably connected to the partition (10). The second rack (22) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (23). The connecting rod (23) is slidably connected to the partition (10). The two connecting blocks (24) are fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting rod (23) respectively. The connecting block (24) near the air pipe (12) is fixedly connected to the baffle (151). The connecting block (24) near the hydrogen pipe (11) is detachably connected to the baffle (151) through the overload protection assembly (3).

6. The adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first rack (20) includes a idling part (200) and a pair of transmission parts (201). The two transmission parts (201) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the idling part (200) and fixedly connected thereto. The teeth of the transmission parts (201) mesh with the second gear (21).

7. The adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that, The baffle (151) near the hydrogen pipeline (11) is inserted into the connecting block (24) and has a socket (1510). The overload protection component (3) includes a rod (30), a second tension spring (31) and a pair of guide blocks (32). The rod (30) passes through the connecting block (24) and is slidably connected to it. The rod (30) is inserted into the socket (1510). One end of the second tension spring (31) is fixedly connected to the rod (30), and the other end of the second tension spring (31) is fixedly connected to the connecting block (24). The two guide blocks (32) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the rod (30) and fixedly connected to the partition (10).

8. The adaptive pressure differential balancing fuel cell test bench according to claim 7, characterized in that, The overload protection component (3) further includes a second guide rod (33), a spring (34), and a second hydraulic rod (35). The second guide rod (33) is fixedly connected to the partition (10). A protruding plate (152) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the baffle (151) near the hydrogen pipeline (11). The protruding plate (152) is slidably connected to the second guide rod (33). One end of the spring (34) is fixedly connected to the second guide rod (33), and the other end of the spring (34) is fixedly connected to the protruding plate (152). The second hydraulic rod (35) is fixedly connected to the partition (10), and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic rod (35) abuts against the protruding plate (152).

9. A test method applied to a fuel cell test bench with adaptive pressure differential balancing as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Step 1: Position the piston (14) by the limiting plate (48) of the differential pressure adjustment component (4), and then slide the slide plate (41) horizontally towards one end of the hydrogen pipeline (11) to stretch the first tension spring (42). The pressure difference is balanced by the tension provided by the rebound of the first tension spring (42). Step 2: Connect the positive and negative electrodes of the fuel cell to the hydrogen pipeline (11) and the air pipeline (12) respectively, and inject hydrogen and air through the hydrogen pipeline (11) and the air pipeline (12) respectively to start the test. At the same time, flip the limiting plate (48) to allow the piston (14) to slide freely. Step 3: When the pressure difference fluctuates within a reasonable range, the air pressure pushes the piston (14) to slide horizontally within the balance chamber (13), thereby adjusting the gas volume on both sides to achieve an adaptive pressure stabilization effect. At the same time, through the tension of the first tension spring (42), the piston (14) is kept in a reset and centered position to achieve a stable pressure difference. Step 4: When the pressure difference exceeds the reasonable fluctuation range, as the piston (14) moves, the two baffles (151) are pushed to slide in the opposite direction to the piston (14) through the reverse synchronization component (2), thereby adjusting the gas flow of the two flow valves (15) and further improving the effect of stabilizing the pressure difference; Step 5: When the pressure difference exceeds the safe range, the overload protection component (3) triggers the baffle (151) on the hydrogen pipeline (11) to disengage from the reverse synchronization component (2), and the baffle (151) completely blocks the gas chamber (150), quickly stopping the continued injection of hydrogen and reducing safety risks.

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