Wireless energy and information cooperative transmission system and method based on controllable harmonic regulation

Abstract

The application discloses a wireless energy and information cooperative transmission system and method based on controllable harmonic regulation, and the wireless energy and information cooperative transmission system comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end; the receiving end comprises a receiving antenna, an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, a reconfigurable harmonic transceiving network, a direct current filtering network and a load. A double-diode pair with opposite polarities is adopted in the rectifier circuit, and the opening and closing of a single diode are controlled through the reconfigurable harmonic transceiving network, so that a secondary harmonic can be generated directly by using the nonlinear characteristics of the rectifier module without additional modules such as a transmitter and a local oscillator, deep integration of energy collection and uplink communication is realized, meanwhile, the secondary harmonic can be accurately controlled through the reconfigurable harmonic transceiving network, so that reliable amplitude modulation can be realized. In addition, through impedance matching design, the rectification power conversion efficiency of the system remains stable within the range of load impedance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power electronics technology, specifically relating to a wireless power and information collaborative transmission system and method based on controllable harmonic regulation. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of IoT technology, passive sensors are widely used in environmental monitoring, medical implantation, smart tags, and other scenarios. Traditional passive sensors rely on battery power, which has problems such as limited lifespan, high maintenance costs, and difficulty in adapting to harsh environments. Radio frequency energy harvesting (WEH) technology, by capturing radio frequency signals in space to power the sensor, can achieve a passive and maintenance-free operating mode, becoming an important way to solve the above problems.

[0003] However, the existing WEH system has the following drawbacks:

[0004] 1. Rectification efficiency is sensitive to load: Traditional rectifiers only maintain high efficiency within a narrow load impedance range. When the sensor's working state changes (such as standby, sensing, communication) and the load changes dynamically, the rectification power conversion efficiency (PCE) drops significantly, resulting in unstable energy harvesting and affecting the sensor's battery life.

[0005] 2. Separation of energy harvesting and communication functions: The energy harvesting module and communication module of traditional passive sensors are independent of each other, requiring additional high-power modules such as transmitters, local oscillators, and mixers. This results in high circuit complexity, large size, and high power consumption, making it difficult to meet the miniaturization and low power consumption requirements of IoT sensors.

[0006] 3. Insufficient communication reliability: Traditional backscatter communication relies on fundamental wave signals for modulation, which has problems such as self-interference and multipath fading, resulting in limited communication reliability and anti-interference capability; existing harmonic communication schemes are mostly harmonic radars, which lack controllable digital uplink communication capability and cannot meet the needs of sensor data transmission.

[0007] like Figure 1 As shown, the existing technical solution designs a 6.78MHz band wireless power and data collaborative transmission integrated system, employing a dual-resonant compensated topology and a harmonic suppression rectifier. It utilizes the fundamental frequency to transmit energy and the third harmonic to transmit data, achieving interference-free energy harvesting and high-speed data transmission. The end-to-end energy conversion efficiency reaches a maximum of 52.6%, and the communication rate is 4.0Mb / s. It was verified using 0.18μm CMOS technology. However, this solution is only compatible with a specific frequency band and fixed load, lacking wide load adaptability and failing to meet the dynamic load requirements of 1 kΩ~8 kΩ. Furthermore, the chip process is complex and costly, making it difficult to apply on a large scale to low-cost passive sensors. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wireless power and information co-transmission system and method based on controllable harmonic modulation.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a wireless power and information coordinated transmission system based on controllable harmonic regulation, comprising a transmitter and a receiver; the transmitter includes a base station and a transmitting antenna; the receiver includes a receiving antenna, an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, a DC filter network, and a load;

[0010] The receiving end also includes a reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network; the rectifier circuit includes rectifier diodes D1 and D2 with opposite polarities; the negative terminal of rectifier diode D1 and the positive terminal of rectifier diode D2 are both connected to the input terminal of a DC filter network; the positive terminal of rectifier diode D1 is connected to ground; the negative terminal of rectifier diode D2 is connected to the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network; the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network is used to control the conduction and cutoff of rectifier diode D2.

[0011] During energy transmission, the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network transmits information by controlling the on and off states of rectifier diode D2. When rectifier diode D2 is on, the second harmonics generated by the two rectifier diodes cancel each other out. When rectifier diode D2 is off, rectifier diode D1 generates a second harmonic, which is radiated into space through the receiving antenna.

[0012] Preferably, the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network includes a microcontroller control circuit, a switching device, and a matching capacitor C2; the microcontroller control circuit indirectly controls the conduction and cutoff of the rectifier diode D2 by controlling the switching device; the matching capacitor C2 is connected in series between the microcontroller control circuit and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D2.

[0013] Preferably, the switching device is a field-effect transistor; the gate G of the field-effect transistor is connected to the microcontroller control circuit, the drain D is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D2 through the matching capacitor C2, and the source S is connected to the ground.

[0014] Preferably, the switching device is a PIN diode; the positive terminal of the PIN diode is connected to the connection terminal of the microcontroller control circuit and the matching capacitor C2, and the negative terminal is grounded.

[0015] Preferably, the DC filter network includes an inductor L L Capacitor C L1 and capacitor C L2 The inductor L L One end is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D2, and the other end is connected to the load R. L The capacitor C L1 and capacitor C L2 Parallel connection in inductor L Land load R L The connection between the terminal and the ground wire.

[0016] Preferably, the impedance matching network includes inductor L1, inductor L2, and capacitor C1; one end of inductor L1 is connected to the receiving antenna, and the other end is connected to one end of inductor L2; the other end of inductor L2 is connected to DC blocking capacitor C1. block Connected to the rectifier circuit; the capacitor C1 is connected in series between the connection terminals of inductors L1 and L2 and the ground wire.

[0017] Preferably, the impedance matching network and the DC blocking capacitor C block A directional coupler is provided between them.

[0018] Preferably, the values ​​of the inductance and capacitance in the impedance matching network are obtained from the Smith chart impedance matching.

[0019] Preferably, both rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are Schottky diodes.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a wireless power and information coordinated transmission method based on controllable harmonic modulation, which employs the aforementioned wireless power and information coordinated transmission system; the wireless power and information coordinated transmission method includes:

[0021] The transmitter transmits the radio frequency signal to the receiver; the receiver processes the received radio frequency signal through an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, and a DC filter network in sequence before outputting it to the load for power supply; at the same time, the receiver controls the duty cycle of the output voltage of the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network according to the information to be transmitted, and then controls the conduction and cutoff of the rectifier diode D2 to transmit information.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] 1. This invention employs a pair of diodes with opposite polarities in the rectifier circuit and controls the conduction and cutoff of individual diodes through a reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network to achieve the absorption or reflection of second harmonics. Existing passive sensors separate energy harvesting and wireless communication functions, requiring additional high-power modules such as transmitters, local oscillators, and mixers, resulting in high circuit complexity, large size, and high power consumption, which cannot meet the miniaturization and low power consumption requirements of IoT sensors. At the same time, this invention can suppress harmonic signals simply by using a pair of diodes with opposite polarities, achieving the harmonic suppression effect without the need for an additional harmonic absorption path.

[0024] 2. This invention directly utilizes the second harmonic generated by the diode in the rectifier circuit as the carrier wave, solving the problems of self-interference and multipath fading that traditional backscatter communication relies on fundamental modulation, and the lack of controllable digital uplink communication capability, poor communication reliability and anti-interference capability, and inability to stably realize sensor data transmission. This invention does not require an additional excitation source, has extremely low power consumption, and is inexpensive, making it suitable for large-scale applications of IoT sensors.

[0025] 3. This invention addresses the problem of traditional rectifiers' efficiency being sensitive to load, maintaining high efficiency only within a narrow load range, and failing to adapt to dynamic changes in sensor workload, leading to unstable energy harvesting and impacting sensor battery life. Through impedance matching design in the impedance matching network, this invention solves the issue. The rectifier efficiency remains stable as the load impedance changes from 1 kΩ to 8 kΩ, adapting to the dynamic workload of the sensor and improving the reliability of energy harvesting. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The diagram shows an existing wireless power and data co-transmission integrated system; (a) is a block diagram of the TL3C topology and IFR synchronous WPDT system; (b) is a waveform diagram of the WPDT.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is the equivalent circuit diagram of the rectifier circuit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the conversion efficiency and output voltage of the present invention under different conditions as a function of load.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of the modulation of the second harmonic in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, a wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter includes a base station and a transmitting antenna; the transmitting antenna is used to transmit the fundamental radio frequency signal emitted by the base station. The receiver includes a receiving antenna, an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, a reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network, a DC filter network, and a load R. L .

[0035] The core architecture of the wireless power and information co-transmission system provided in this embodiment revolves around the integrated realization of energy harvesting and harmonic communication. Each module works in close coordination to ensure efficient rectification and reliable communication under wide load conditions. This wireless power and information co-transmission system transmits radio frequency signals from the transmitter to the receiver, and then supplies power to the load after sequential processing by an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, and a DC filter network. During energy transmission, the rectifier circuit switches between second harmonic absorption and reflection under the control of the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network, thereby enabling the uplink transmission of sensor data.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the impedance matching network serves as the signal input terminal of the entire circuit. Its main function is to process the fundamental radio frequency signal received by the receiving antenna, achieving impedance matching and ensuring that the fundamental signal can be efficiently transmitted to the subsequent rectifier circuit without affecting the reflection path of subsequent harmonic signals. The impedance matching network includes inductors L1 and L2, and capacitor C1. One end of inductor L1 is connected to the receiving antenna, and the other end is connected to one end of inductor L2; the other end of inductor L2 is connected to the DC blocking capacitor C1. block Connect to the rectifier circuit. Capacitor C1 is connected in series between the connection terminals of inductors L1 and L2 and ground.

[0037] In this embodiment, the values ​​of the inductor and capacitor in the impedance matching network are obtained by Smith chart impedance matching, which can realize impedance folding under different load impedance conditions, thereby maintaining high efficiency rectification performance over a wide load range, while ensuring that the generation efficiency of the second harmonic remains stable, thus providing a guarantee for the reliability of harmonic communication.

[0038] In some embodiments, the impedance matching network and the DC blocking capacitor C block A directional coupler is installed between them to monitor the power of the input fundamental wave signal, so as to facilitate real-time monitoring of the input status of the fundamental wave signal. At the same time, its own structural design will not affect the reflection path of the second harmonic, ensuring that harmonic communication and fundamental wave energy harvesting do not interfere with each other.

[0039] The rectifier circuit not only efficiently rectifies the fundamental radio frequency signal into DC energy to power the subsequent load, but also naturally generates a second harmonic using its nonlinear characteristics, providing a carrier source for harmonic uplink communication. Furthermore, it maintains stable rectification efficiency over a wide load impedance range, adapting to dynamic load changes without additional adjustments. The rectifier circuit includes rectifier diodes D1 and D2 with opposite polarities. The cathode of rectifier diode D1 and the anode of rectifier diode D2 are both connected to a DC blocking capacitor C. blockThe positive terminal of rectifier diode D1 is connected to ground; the negative terminal of rectifier diode D2 is connected to the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network. By using two rectifier diodes with opposite polarities, in conjunction with an optimized input matching network, stable high conversion efficiency can be achieved over a wide load range, meeting the energy supply requirements of the sensor under different operating conditions.

[0040] In this embodiment, the rectifier diode is a Schottky diode.

[0041] The reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network (RCB) is the core module for harmonic communication amplitude modulation. It controls the absorption or reflection of the second harmonic through electronic means, thereby suppressing and controlling the radiation of harmonic signals, supporting the transmission of communication data. The RCB includes a microcontroller control circuit, a field-effect transistor (FET), and a matching capacitor C2. The microcontroller control circuit is connected to the gate (G) of the FET. By controlling the duty cycle of the FET's gate input voltage, the microcontroller indirectly controls the conduction and cutoff of the rectifier diode D2, thus completing the uplink data transmission. One end of the matching capacitor C2 is connected to the drain (D) of the FET, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D2. This ensures network resonance and prevents the DC current from the drain of the FET from entering the rectifier circuit, ensuring efficient absorption or reflection of harmonic signals. The source (S) of the FET is connected to ground.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, during information transmission, the duty cycle of the gate input voltage of the field-effect transistor (FET) is controlled by a microcontroller circuit to achieve the function of an electronically controlled switch. When the FET is turned on, its drain and source are in a short-circuit state, and rectifier diodes D1 and D2 in the rectifier circuit work simultaneously. Since the two diodes operate in opposite phases, their generated second harmonics cancel each other out, thereby suppressing the harmonic signal without the need for an additional harmonic absorption path. When the FET is turned off, its drain and source are in an open-circuit state, and only rectifier diode D1 works in the rectifier circuit. This diode uses its own nonlinear characteristics to generate a 4.8GHz second harmonic, and due to the high impedance of the DC output network, the second harmonic cannot flow to the DC load and is thus efficiently reflected back to the antenna port on the left, achieving the radiation of the harmonic signal.

[0043] A DC filter network effectively blocks harmonic signals from flowing to the DC load, preventing harmonic energy from interfering with the DC power supply and ensuring the efficiency and stability of energy harvesting. Simultaneously, the DC filter network exhibits low impedance characteristics to both the fundamental signal and the DC signal, ensuring that the DC energy output from the rectifier circuit can be smoothly transmitted to the load, guaranteeing energy harvesting efficiency. The DC filter network includes an inductor L... L Capacitor C L1 and capacitor C L2 Inductor L LOne end is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D2, and the other end is connected to the load R. L Capacitor C L1 and capacitor C L2 Parallel connection in inductor L L and load R L The connection between the terminal and the ground wire.

[0044] To verify the wide-load rectification performance and harmonic communication reliability of the circuit of this invention, an Advanced Design System (ADS) simulation environment was built, combining large signal scattering parameter (LSSP) simulation and harmonic balance (HARMONIC BALANCE) simulation methods. Specifically, in the impedance matching network, inductor L1 is 5.6 nH, inductor L2 is 27 nH, and capacitor C1 is 1 pF, used to receive the 2.4 GHz fundamental radio frequency signal transmitted by the base station and achieve impedance matching; the two diodes in the rectifier circuit are implemented using two diodes from the HSMS286C, which rectify the fundamental signal and simultaneously generate a 4.8 GHz second harmonic using their nonlinearity; the field-effect transistor in the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network is implemented using the ATF54143 field-effect transistor chip, and capacitor C2 is 1 pF; the inductor L1 in the DC filter network is 5.6 nH, inductor L2 is 27 nH, and capacitor C1 is 1 pF; the inductor L1 in the DC filter network is 1 pF. L The capacitance is 56 nH, and the capacitor C is... L1 The capacitance is 100 pF, and the capacitor C L2 The voltage is 43 pF, used to filter out output voltage ripple. The core device models all adopt the standard simulation models provided by the device manufacturers. Among them, the dual rectifier diode pair uses the SPICE model of HSMS286C, the ATF54143 field-effect transistor uses a nonlinear model, and the inductors and capacitors in the input matching network and output filter network all use standard device simulation models, which can accurately characterize the electrical characteristics of the actual devices.

[0045] Simulation results show that the circuit of this invention can effectively achieve high-efficiency rectification and reliable harmonic communication over a wide load range. When the input power is 0dBm, the conversion efficiency and output voltage corresponding to the switching transistor's on / off states as a function of load are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. From Figure 5 It can be seen that when the load impedance changes from 1 kΩ to 8 kΩ, the rectification efficiency remains stable above 45%, which matches the wide-load high-efficiency rectification performance of the technical solution; in addition, the modulation simulation diagram of the second harmonic is as follows. Figure 6 As shown; from Figure 6 It can be seen that, regardless of whether the field-effect transistor is on or off, the amplitude of the second harmonic generated by the rectifier circuit is stable over a wide load range, with a variation of about 3.5%. It achieves second harmonic suppression when the field-effect transistor is on and modulation of the second harmonic when the field-effect transistor is off.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation differs from Embodiment 1 in that the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network in this embodiment includes a microcontroller control circuit, a PIN diode, and a matching capacitor C2. The microcontroller control circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D2 via the matching capacitor C2; the positive terminal of the PIN diode is connected to the connection terminal between the microcontroller control circuit and the matching capacitor C2, while the negative terminal is grounded. In this embodiment, the PIN diode controls the conduction and cutoff of the rectifier diode D2, thereby enabling information transmission during power transmission. Because the PIN diode has a faster switching response and smaller size, it can improve the harmonic modulation rate, making it suitable for scenarios such as micro-medical implants.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A wireless power and information co-transmission method based on controllable harmonic modulation, employing the wireless power and information co-transmission system of Embodiment 1 or 2. This wireless power and information co-transmission method includes:

[0050] The transmitter transmits radio frequency signals to the receiver via a transmitting antenna. The receiver receives the radio frequency signals transmitted by the transmitter via a receiving antenna, and processes the signals sequentially through an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, and a DC filter network before outputting them to the load to power the sensor. Simultaneously, the receiver controls the duty cycle of the output voltage of the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network according to the information to be transmitted, thereby controlling the conduction and cutoff of the rectifier diode D2 to transmit information, thus completing the information transmission.

Claims

1. A wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation, comprising a transmitter and a receiver; the transmitter includes a base station and a transmitting antenna; the receiver includes a receiving antenna, an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, a DC filter network, and a load; characterized in that: The receiving end also includes a reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network; the rectifier circuit includes rectifier diodes D1 and D2 with opposite polarities; the negative terminal of rectifier diode D1 and the positive terminal of rectifier diode D2 are both connected to the input terminal of a DC filter network; the positive terminal of rectifier diode D1 is connected to ground; the negative terminal of rectifier diode D2 is connected to the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network; the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network is used to control the conduction and cutoff of rectifier diode D2. During energy transmission, the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network transmits information by controlling the on and off states of rectifier diode D2. When rectifier diode D2 is on, the second harmonics generated by the two rectifier diodes cancel each other out. When rectifier diode D2 is off, rectifier diode D1 generates a second harmonic, which is radiated into space through the receiving antenna.

2. The wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network includes a microcontroller control circuit, switching devices, and a matching capacitor C2. The microcontroller control circuit indirectly controls the conduction and cutoff of the rectifier diode D2 by controlling the switching devices. The matching capacitor C2 is connected in series between the microcontroller control circuit and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D2.

3. The wireless power and information coordinated transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switching device is a field-effect transistor; the gate G of the field-effect transistor is connected to the microcontroller control circuit, the drain D is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D2 through the matching capacitor C2, and the source S is connected to the ground.

4. The wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switching device is a PIN diode; the positive terminal of the PIN diode is connected to the connection terminal of the microcontroller control circuit and the matching capacitor C2, and the negative terminal is grounded.

5. The wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC filter network includes an inductor L L Capacitor C L1 and capacitor C L2 The inductor L L One end is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D2, and the other end is connected to the load R. L The capacitor C L1 and capacitor C L2 Parallel connection in inductor L L and load R L The connection between the terminal and the ground wire.

6. The wireless power and information coordinated transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance matching network includes inductor L1, inductor L2, and capacitor C1; one end of inductor L1 is connected to the receiving antenna, and the other end is connected to one end of inductor L2; the other end of inductor L2 is connected to DC blocking capacitor C1. block Connected to the rectifier circuit; the capacitor C1 is connected in series between the connection terminals of inductors L1 and L2 and the ground wire.

7. A wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The impedance matching network and DC blocking capacitor C block A directional coupler is provided between them.

8. A wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The values ​​of the inductance and capacitance in the impedance matching network are obtained from the Smith chart impedance matching.

9. A wireless power and information co-transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both rectifier diodes D1 and D2 are Schottky diodes.

10. A method for coordinated wireless power and information transmission based on controllable harmonic modulation, characterized in that: The wireless power and information coordinated transmission system based on controllable harmonic modulation as described in claim 1 is adopted; This wireless power and information co-transmission method includes: The transmitter transmits radio frequency signals to the receiver. The receiver processes the received radio frequency signal sequentially through an impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit, and a DC filter network before outputting it to the load for power supply. Simultaneously, the receiver controls the duty cycle of the output voltage of the reconfigurable harmonic transceiver network according to the information to be transmitted, thereby controlling the conduction and cutoff of the rectifier diode D2 to transmit information.

Images