Method for treating sewage using magnetic sludge

Abstract

The present application relates to sewage treatment technical field, especially sewage treatment method using magnetic sludge, the method is applied to the control unit in sewage treatment system, the reactor in the system includes reactor body, at least one electromagnetic actuator arranged on the reactor body, the on-line sensor for monitoring the sludge state in the reactor, the electromagnetic actuator and on-line sensor are electrically connected with control unit respectively.The present application realizes the accurate, active regulation and control to sludge distribution state by preparing the sludge with magnetic response and generating control instruction based on the real-time monitored sludge characteristics to dynamically adjust the electromagnetic actuator, can realize the expected target distribution of sludge in the reactor according to process requirement, so as to optimize mixing efficiency, strengthen sludge retention and improve process operation stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a wastewater treatment method utilizing magnetic sludge. Background Technology

[0002] In the daily operation of wastewater treatment plants, one of the key operating conditions of the biological treatment tank is to maintain the activated sludge in a uniform suspended state to achieve maximum contact with various pollutants, substrates, and nutrients in the wastewater, thereby ensuring efficient wastewater treatment. Currently, sludge-water mixing in the biological treatment tank mainly relies on propellers and aeration, but these methods generally suffer from high investment costs, high power consumption, frequent equipment failures, and poor mixing effects.

[0003] Even with various optimization methods to achieve thorough mixing within the biological treatment tank, the mixed liquor still carries a large amount of activated sludge as it flows out. Field investigations show that the sludge-water after biological treatment contains suspended matter such as flocculent activated sludge, fine granular sludge, and biofilm, requiring secondary sedimentation for sludge-water separation. The secondary sedimentation tank clarifies the effluent to meet standards before discharge, while simultaneously returning a certain concentration of sludge to the biological treatment tank to maintain the amount of activated sludge within. This process not only increases the amount of treatment equipment, operating procedures, and operating time, but also makes the performance of the secondary sedimentation tank directly related to the effluent quality and the concentration of returned sludge, thus affecting the overall treatment effect of the activated sludge system. However, the phenomenon of floating sludge in secondary sedimentation tanks is very common in urban wastewater treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment stations. Its causes are complex, and timely and effective control measures are often difficult to implement, easily leading to increased suspended solids (SS) in the effluent, or even exceeding discharge standards, significantly increasing the operational risks and uncertainties of wastewater treatment plants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wastewater treatment method using magnetic sludge, so as to reduce the energy consumption of wastewater treatment process, improve sludge-water separation efficiency and operational stability.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a wastewater treatment method utilizing magnetic sludge. This method is applied to a control unit in a wastewater treatment system. The reactor in the system includes a reactor body, at least one electromagnetic actuator disposed on the reactor body, and an online sensor for monitoring the state of the sludge within the reactor. The electromagnetic actuator and the online sensor are electrically connected to the control unit, respectively. The method includes: Preparation of magnetically responsive sludge; Magnetic-responsive sludge is added to the reactor; Acquire sludge characteristics within the reactor; sludge characteristics are determined based on at least one parameter acquired by online sensors; Based on the characteristics of sludge, electromagnetic control commands are generated to drive the movement of sludge; the electromagnetic control commands include control parameter information of the target electromagnetic actuator. Execute electromagnetic control commands to adjust the operating state of the target electromagnetic actuator, thereby achieving the target distribution of sludge within the reactor.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, the steps for preparing magnetically responsive sludge include: Through Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Co-precipitation introduces magnetic components into traditional sludge; or, by adding magnetic carriers and co-culturing with traditional sludge, magnetically responsive sludge is formed.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, through Fe 2+ Fe 3+ The co-precipitation method involves introducing magnetic components into conventional sludge to form magnetically responsive sludge, including: Primary sludge is obtained by screening conventional sludge with a specified particle size range. In a matrix-containing environment, Fe is simultaneously added to the screened primary sludge at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:2. 2+ Fe 3 + After continuous cultivation for a specified period of time, sludge with magnetic responsiveness was obtained.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, the steps of forming magnetically responsive sludge by co-cultivating it with traditional sludge using a magnetic carrier include: Add a magnetic carrier with a specified particle size range into the reactor; In a substrate-containing environment, magnetic carriers and conventional sludge are continuously cultured for a specified time to obtain magnetically responsive sludge.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, sludge characteristics include the top layer height of the sludge; The steps for generating electromagnetic control commands to drive sludge movement based on sludge characteristics include: Determine whether the sludge is in the reaction stage; If so, obtain the top layer height of the sludge; If the height of the top layer of sludge is less than the first preset threshold, a first instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged on the reactor cover as the target actuator and control the target actuator to run, so as to form a magnetic field gradient with an upward component in the reactor, thereby generating an upward magnetic force on the sludge. If the top layer height of the sludge is greater than the second preset threshold, a second instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged on the bottom cover of the reactor as the target actuator and control the target actuator to operate, so as to form a magnetic field gradient with a downward component in the reactor, thereby generating a downward magnetic force on the sludge.

[0010] The second preset threshold is less than the effective height of the reactor and greater than the first preset threshold.

[0011] Following the first aspect, the step of obtaining the top layer height of the sludge also includes: If the height of the top layer of sludge is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the static distribution characteristics of the sludge are obtained. Determine whether the static distribution characteristics of sludge show spatial distribution differences in at least two spatial intervals, and whether the difference magnitude and / or distribution gradient exceed the corresponding preset threshold. If so, a third instruction is generated to select at least one electromagnetic actuator corresponding to a differential region as the target actuator and control the target actuator to operate according to a segmented or gradient strategy to form a magnetic field gradient with a composite magnetic field distribution in the reactor, thereby adjusting the spatial distribution of sludge.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, after determining whether the static distribution characteristics of the sludge exhibit spatial distribution differences in at least two spatial intervals, and whether the magnitude of the differences and / or the distribution gradient exceed the corresponding preset threshold, the method further includes: If not, obtain the distribution and evolution characteristics of the sludge; If the spatial distribution evolution characteristics within the reactor still exhibit periodic return, limited oscillation, or overall distribution pattern change amplitude below a preset threshold after applying magnetic force in a single direction or at a single spatial location, a fourth instruction is generated to control at least two electromagnetic actuators corresponding to spatial intervals as target actuators, and to control the target actuators to operate alternately according to a preset time sequence, thereby causing the sludge to migrate back and forth between different spatial regions. Among them, the time scale of alternating operation is larger than the characteristic time scale of sludge response under a single magnetic force action.

[0013] Following the first aspect, the step of determining whether the sludge is in the reaction stage also includes: If not, obtain the regional aggregation characteristics of the sludge; If the regional aggregation characteristics of sludge show that the sludge migration speed at the inlet exceeds the third threshold, a fifth instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator located far from the inlet point as the main target actuator. The main target actuator is controlled to operate to form a magnetic field gradient in the reactor away from the inlet water direction, thereby generating a magnetic force on the sludge to aggregate away from the inlet water point and reducing the impact of the inlet water on the sludge. If the regional aggregation characteristics of the sludge show that the sludge migration speed at the inlet exceeds the fourth threshold, a sixth instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator located far from the outlet as the main target actuator. The main target actuator is controlled to operate to form a magnetic field gradient in the reactor away from the outlet direction, thereby generating a magnetic force on the sludge to aggregate away from the outlet, thus enhancing the sludge-water separation efficiency.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, the method also includes: The electromagnetic actuators arranged in the transfer area are used as auxiliary target actuators; The auxiliary target actuator is controlled to operate in coordination with the main target actuator to form a magnetic field gradient away from the direction of incoming water during the water intake phase and / or to form a magnetic field gradient away from the direction of outgoing water during the water discharge phase.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, following the step of preparing magnetically responsive sludge, the following steps are also included: The specified particle size range and / or specified time duration are set in a graded manner to obtain at least two ranges; Magnetic responsive sludge is graded and screened according to at least two particle size ranges; Among them, the grading setting and grading screening are used to guide or trigger the generation of electromagnetic control commands in order to achieve pre-regulation of the spatial distribution of sludge in the reactor.

[0016] The embodiments of this invention bring the following beneficial effects: This application provides a wastewater treatment method using magnetic sludge. This method is applied to a control unit in a wastewater treatment system. The reactor in the system includes a reactor body, at least one electromagnetic actuator disposed on the reactor body, and an online sensor for monitoring the state of sludge in the reactor. The electromagnetic actuator and the online sensor are electrically connected to the control unit. The method includes: preparing magnetically responsive sludge; adding the magnetically responsive sludge to the reactor; acquiring the characteristics of the sludge in the reactor; determining the sludge characteristics based on at least one parameter collected by the online sensor; generating an electromagnetic control command for driving the movement of the sludge based on the sludge characteristics; the electromagnetic control command includes control parameter information of the target electromagnetic actuator; and executing the electromagnetic control command to adjust the operating state of the target electromagnetic actuator, thereby achieving a target distribution of sludge in the reactor.

[0017] This application achieves precise and proactive control of sludge distribution by preparing magnetically responsive sludge and generating control commands based on real-time monitoring of sludge characteristics to dynamically adjust electromagnetic actuators. It can drive the sludge to achieve the expected target distribution in the reactor according to process requirements, thereby optimizing mixing efficiency, enhancing sludge retention, and adapting to the needs of different operating stages.

[0018] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a wastewater treatment method using magnetic sludge provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the signal flow in a system to which a wastewater treatment method utilizing magnetic sludge is applied, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label: 130 - Processor, 131 - Memory, 132 - Bus, 133 - Communication interface. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, the application scenarios and design concepts of this application embodiment will be briefly introduced below.

[0025] In existing wastewater treatment processes, biological treatment tanks rely on high-energy-consuming propellers or aeration equipment to achieve mud-water mixing, which still suffers from problems such as uneven efficiency and numerous dead zones. Furthermore, they must rely on secondary sedimentation tanks for mud-water separation, which often results in floating mud and mud runoff, leading to excessive suspended solids in the effluent and high operational risks.

[0026] Based on this, this application provides a wastewater treatment method using magnetic sludge to reduce mixing energy consumption and improve sludge-water separation efficiency and operational stability.

[0027] Example 1 This application provides a wastewater treatment method utilizing magnetic sludge. This method is applied to a control unit in a wastewater treatment system. The reactor in the system includes a reactor body, at least one electromagnetic actuator mounted on the reactor body, and an online sensor for monitoring the state of the sludge within the reactor. The electromagnetic actuator and the online sensor are respectively connected to the control unit (e.g., Figure 2 (As shown).

[0028] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: S110, used to prepare magnetically responsive sludge. S120, magnetically responsive sludge is added to the reactor.

[0029] S130, acquire sludge characteristics within the reactor, the sludge characteristics being determined based on at least one parameter acquired by online sensors.

[0030] S140, based on the characteristics of the sludge, generates electromagnetic control commands to drive the movement of the sludge; the electromagnetic control commands include control parameter information of the target electromagnetic actuator.

[0031] S150 executes electromagnetic control commands to adjust the operating state of the target electromagnetic actuator, thereby achieving the target distribution of sludge within the reactor.

[0032] This application addresses the problems of high mixing energy consumption and low sludge-water separation efficiency in traditional wastewater treatment processes by proposing a treatment method that involves preparing magnetically responsive sludge and constructing an electromagnetic field closed-loop control system based on sludge distribution characteristics. This method achieves three-dimensional controllable and uniform sludge distribution within the reactor through segmented electromagnetic field control. Electromagnetic pulse control replaces continuous mechanical stirring, effectively reducing mixing dead zones, improving mixing efficiency, and lowering mixing energy consumption. Simultaneously, this method enhances sludge retention capacity, helping to reduce the risk of sludge loss and thus reducing the sludge return load in the secondary sedimentation tank under certain operating conditions, even simplifying the return process. By introducing an intelligent closed-loop control strategy based on feedback regulation, precise control of electromagnetic field parameters can be achieved, further improving system stability and adaptability, ultimately simplifying the process flow and reducing costs and increasing efficiency.

[0033] In conjunction with the first aspect, step S110 includes: S111, via Fe 2+ Fe 3+Co-precipitation introduces magnetic components into traditional sludge; or, by adding magnetic carriers and co-culturing with traditional sludge, magnetically responsive sludge is formed.

[0034] This application provides two optional and feasible magnetically responsive sludge preparation pathways, which are applicable to different sources and characteristics of raw sludge. Furthermore, the feasibility and reproducibility of the method are ensured by clear process parameters (such as iron salt ratio, carrier dosage, culture time, pH and temperature range) and verifiable magnetic indicators (such as saturation magnetization).

[0035] In conjunction with the first aspect, in step S111, through Fe 2+ Fe 3+ The co-precipitation method involves introducing magnetic components into conventional sludge to form magnetically responsive sludge, including: S111a, screen traditional sludge with a specified particle size range to obtain primary sludge.

[0036] S111b, in a matrix-containing environment, Fe is simultaneously added to the screened primary sludge at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:2. 2+ Fe 3+ After continuous cultivation for a specified period of time, sludge with magnetic responsiveness was obtained.

[0037] This method is applicable to traditional granular sludge or biofilm sludge as raw materials, which are magnetically responsive by forming magnetic iron oxides (such as Fe3O4) on or inside the sludge through iron salt co-precipitation. Specific implementation includes: Primary sludge screening: Select traditional granular sludge (e.g., 0.2-5mm) or biofilm sludge (packing material particle size 5-100mm, biofilm thickness 50um-2mm) with a certain particle size range.

[0038] The particle size distribution of traditional granular sludge is 0.2-5 mm, which ensures good settling properties and fluid contact area for the sludge mass. The packing material used as a biofilm carrier has a particle size distribution of 5-100 mm, a size suitable for fixed-bed or suspended packing biofilm reactors; the attached biofilm thickness of this biofilm sludge is 50 μm-2 mm.

[0039] Coprecipitation reaction: Fe²⁺ is added simultaneously to the influent containing the matrix. + With Fe³ + Salt solution, with the molar ratio of the two controlled at 1:1 to 1:2, and the total iron concentration maintained at 50–150 mg / L.

[0040] Culture conditions: Maintain the pH of the system between 7.0 and 9.0, and the temperature between 20 and 40℃, and culture continuously for 12 to 72 hours.

[0041] Magnetic Formation and Verification: During the cultivation process, the sludge color gradually changes from reddish-brown / yellowish-brown to black / dark gray, indicating the formation of magnetic iron oxides and the successful formation of magnetically responsive sludge. Verification can be achieved through magnetic susceptibility testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), or vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The saturation magnetization of the obtained magnetic sludge can reach 10-50 emu / g.

[0042] In conjunction with the first aspect, step S111, which involves co-culturing sludge with a magnetic carrier and conventional sludge to form magnetically responsive sludge, includes: S111c, adding a magnetic carrier with a specified particle size range into the reactor.

[0043] S111d, in a substrate-containing environment, magnetic carriers and conventional sludge are continuously cultured for a specified time to obtain magnetically responsive sludge.

[0044] This method is applicable to using traditional flocculent sludge as raw material. By adding an exogenous magnetic carrier, microorganisms attach and grow during the cultivation process, forming magnetic composite sludge. Specific implementation includes: Magnetic carrier screening: Select magnetic carriers with rough surfaces and a certain particle size range, and control the amount added to the reactor to be 5%-15% of the effective volume of the reactor.

[0045] Typically, the saturation magnetization of the magnetic carrier should be no less than 50 emu / g to ensure sufficient magnetic response. Optional materials include zero-valent iron, magnetite particles, modified iron oxides, magnetic activated carbon, and magnetic zeolite. The carrier shape can be semi-embedded nanoparticles, rings, spiked spheres, porous spheres, etc., to enhance surface adhesion and mass transfer performance. As a packing material for biofilm carriers, its particle size gradient distribution ranges from 5-100 mm, which is suitable for constructing fixed-bed or suspended packing biofilm reactors, where the biofilm thickness of the attached sludge is 50 μm-2 mm. Furthermore, the magnetic carrier can also serve as the core of granular sludge, with a particle size gradient distribution range of 0.1-2 mm, which is suitable for constructing granular sludge reactors.

[0046] Cultivation and Magnetic Validation: Microorganisms were cultivated under a continuous supply of substrate-containing influent, maintaining a pH between 7.0 and 9.0 and a temperature between 20 and 40°C. This allowed microorganisms to attach, aggregate, and form a biofilm on the carrier surface, resulting in magnetically responsive sludge. Validation was achieved through magnetic susceptibility testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), or vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The saturation magnetization of the obtained magnetic sludge reached 10-50 emu / g.

[0047] In conjunction with the first aspect, after step S110 of preparing magnetically responsive sludge, a step of pre-regulating the spatial distribution of the sludge is also included, the pre-regulation step including: S1101, the specified particle size range and / or specified time period are set in stages to obtain at least two ranges.

[0048] For example: In step S111a, the specified particle size range of traditional granular sludge can be divided into three preset ranges, such as 0.2-1mm, 2-3mm, and 4-5mm. In step S111c, the specified particle size range of the magnetic carrier can be divided into 4 preset ranges, such as 5-10mm, 11-30mm, 31-70mm, and 71-100mm. In steps S111b and S111d, the specified duration can be divided into two preset ranges, such as 6-12 hours and 13-72 hours.

[0049] S1102, sludge with magnetic responsiveness is graded and screened according to at least two particle size ranges; wherein, the grading setting and grading screening are used to guide or trigger the generation of electromagnetic control commands to achieve pre-regulation of the spatial distribution of sludge in the reactor.

[0050] For example, after the grading is set up, the magnetically responsive sludge formed can be graded and screened in a corresponding number of stages according to the grading structure.

[0051] For example: When only a three-level classification is set for a specified particle size range, the resulting magnetically responsive sludge can be divided into three particle size zones. When only a two-level classification is set for a specified duration, the resulting magnetically responsive sludge can be divided into two particle size zones. When a specified particle size range and a specified time duration are set simultaneously, a richer particle size partition structure can be formed. The specific number of partitions and parameters can be set according to engineering requirements and can be optimized and matched through simulation or computer-aided design.

[0052] It should be noted that the partitioning structure does not necessarily correspond strictly to the number of grade settings. In practical applications, the settings can be simplified according to control accuracy requirements, processing scale, or cost factors. For example, in some engineering scenarios, a fixed number of partitions can be set only according to the particle size range, such as setting it as two groups of partitions, without having to strictly correspond to the number of grades one by one.

[0053] The above numerical ranges and number of levels are merely examples to illustrate the correspondence between level settings and level filtering, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] The aforementioned grading settings and grading screening can be used to guide or trigger the generation of electromagnetic control commands to achieve pre-regulation of the spatial distribution of sludge within the reactor. The specific effects of this pre-regulation will be explained in detail in conjunction with the electromagnetic control methods described later.

[0055] In this embodiment, at least one electromagnetic actuator on the reactor body, together with its arrangement, type and control strategy, constitutes a complete electromagnetic control system to accurately adapt to different sludge characteristics and process operation requirements.

[0056] As an feasible approach, the actuator is arranged with a top cover, which is suitable for heavy sludge. This type of sludge tends to settle at the bottom of the reactor, leading to the formation of local dead zones. By placing the actuator on the reactor top cover, an upward magnetic field gradient force is generated, which can effectively counteract the effect of gravity, keep the sludge in suspension, thereby preventing bottom sedimentation and improving mixing uniformity.

[0057] As another feasible approach, the actuator employs a bottom-cover arrangement, suitable for lightweight sludge or sludge with a specific gravity close to that of water. Such sludge is easily lost with the upward flow under influent or aeration conditions. When the sludge is easily lost with the water flow, the bottom-cover actuator is activated to generate a downward magnetic field gradient, retaining the sludge within the reaction zone and preventing it from being carried out, thereby improving the sludge retention rate and system stability.

[0058] As another feasible approach, the actuators are arranged on the sidewalls, which is suitable for conventional flocculent sludge or medium-density sludge. In reactors with large volumes or long operating times, simple vertical arrangement is difficult to avoid lateral dead zones. Sidewall-arranged actuators can generate disturbances in the radial or tangential direction. Especially when operating in stages, they can form local magnetic field zones at different water depths, ensuring the three-dimensional uniformity of sludge-water mixing within the reactor. As another feasible approach, the actuators are arranged in a segmented array, suitable for deep pools or situations where sludge stratification is significant. The actuators are divided into 2-8 independent control modules along the water depth direction of the reactor sidewall, each module capable of independently controlling on / off switching and magnetic field strength. Combined with online MLSS monitoring and PLC feedback control, the magnetic field effect at different water layers can be differentiated, thereby achieving uniform and stable vertical distribution and control of the sludge. It is understood that the above arrangement can be applied individually or in combination, and is only an example here and is not intended to limit the application. In this embodiment, actuators are provided on the upper cover, lower cover and side walls of the reactor, and the actuators on the side walls are divided into 2-8 independent modules along the water depth direction.

[0059] In this embodiment, the actuator can be one or more combinations of electromagnets, superconducting magnets, permanent magnets, or flexible magnets, and can be used with a power amplifier if necessary. When a permanent magnet is used alone, its equivalent magnetic force can be continuously or finely controlled in stages through methods such as geometric adjustment (e.g., changing distance / gap), magnetic circuit adjustment (e.g., magnetic flux shunting, movable magnetic short circuit), shielding adjustment (e.g., movable shielding sleeve / protective cover), or rotational adjustment (e.g., changing polarization direction), to achieve an energy-saving and stable basic magnetic field. The magnetic field strength generated by the actuator can be continuously adjusted within the range of 10mT to 200mT to adapt to magnetic sludge with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of approximately 10-50 emu / g, and to optimize energy consumption while meeting control requirements.

[0060] In this embodiment, a time-varying electromagnetic field excitation method is used to dynamically control the actuator modules at various locations (sidewall, top cover, and bottom cover). The excitation waveforms include, but are not limited to, square wave pulses, pulse bursts, low-frequency sine waves, and bidirectional polarity reverse pulses. By setting parameters such as pulse frequency (0.1-5 Hz), duty cycle (20%-80%), high frequency within the burst (50-200 Hz), and switching cycle (5-30 s), an optimized balance between the dynamic retention and dispersion of magnetic sludge is achieved.

[0061] This application integrates online sensors (such as optical solid-state sensors, conductivity meters, etc.) and a control system (such as a PLC) to form a closed-loop control structure. The control system generates corresponding electromagnetic control commands based on real-time sludge concentration distribution data (such as MLSS data for each layer) fed back by the sensors, to adjust the on / off state of the actuators in each module, the pulse duty cycle, or the set value of the magnetic field strength. For example, by controlling the independent operation of the electromagnetic modules in each section of the reactor sidewall, the sludge concentration distribution in the top, middle, and bottom layers of the reaction zone can be adjusted, reducing and stabilizing the concentration difference between layers. Preferably, the concentration difference between layers can be controlled within a preset range, such as 10%-15%, but the specific control range can be set according to the project scale and control accuracy requirements, and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0062] In conjunction with the first aspect, sludge characteristics include the top layer height of the sludge. Step S140 includes: S141, determine whether the sludge is in the reaction stage.

[0063] If so, proceed with steps S142-S144.

[0064] S142, Obtain the top layer height of the sludge.

[0065] S143 If the sludge is in the reaction stage and the top layer height of the sludge is less than the first preset threshold, a first instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged on the reactor cover as the target actuator and control the target actuator to run, so as to form a magnetic field gradient with an upward component in the reactor, thereby generating an upward magnetic force on the sludge.

[0066] S144, if the sludge is in the reaction stage and the top layer height of the sludge is greater than the second preset threshold, then a second instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged on the bottom cover of the reactor as the target actuator and control the target actuator to run, so as to form a magnetic field gradient with a downward component in the reactor, thereby generating a downward magnetic force on the sludge.

[0067] The second preset threshold is less than the effective height of the reactor and greater than the first preset threshold.

[0068] Steps S141 to S144 aim to determine the current sludge state, identify distribution risks (sedimentation or floating) by real-time monitoring of the overall suspended thickness of the sludge and dynamically comparing its relationship with a preset threshold, and automatically select and drive electromagnetic actuators at specific locations. By generating counteracting magnetic forces (upward or downward), it actively overcomes the distribution imbalance caused by gravity, buoyancy, or hydrodynamics, achieving precise spatial retention and stable distribution control of the sludge. This is applicable to various lightweight, heavyweight, or density-dissimilar magnetic sludge systems.

[0069] The top layer height refers to the vertical distance from the upper interface of the sludge suspension layer to the bottom of the reactor or a fixed reference surface during reactor operation (such as a biological treatment tank or SBR reactor). This parameter directly reflects the overall vertical distribution and suspension state of the sludge. The top layer height can be monitored in real time and continuously using online sensors deployed in the reactor. Exemplary monitoring methods include, but are not limited to: using an ultrasonic level / concentration meter to measure the interface position based on the principle of sound wave reflection; using optical sensors (such as laser scattering meters or transmittance meters) to determine the interface based on the light attenuation characteristics of sludge; or using pressure sensors to detect the pressure difference at different heights, thereby estimating the sludge concentration distribution and determining the interface height. In specific implementations, one or more sensor combinations can be selected according to the reactor configuration and accuracy requirements, and are not limited here.

[0070] In step S143, when the top layer height, which is under real-time monitoring, is lower than the first preset threshold during the reaction stage, it indicates that the overall sludge distribution is too low, posing a risk of sedimentation at the bottom and the formation of dead zones (for example, this is more likely to occur with magnetic granular sludge containing high inorganic components or that is aging). At this time, the control unit generates a first command, designating the electromagnetic actuator located on the reactor cover as the target actuator, and controlling its output to have an upward magnetic field gradient. This gradient field applies an upward magnetic force to the magnetic sludge particles to partially or completely counteract their net weight (gravity G minus buoyancy) and fluid resistance, thereby promoting the overall upward movement of the sludge, preventing it from compacting and caking at the bottom, maintaining its effective suspension, and ultimately avoiding the formation of mixing and reaction dead zones at the bottom of the reactor, ensuring the mass transfer and biochemical reaction efficiency in this area. The first preset threshold is pre-set according to the reactor design, sludge properties, and process requirements, and its typical range is 10% to 30% of the effective height of the reactor.

[0071] In step S144, when the top layer height monitored in real time is higher than the second preset threshold during the reaction stage, it indicates that the overall sludge distribution is too high, and there is a risk of loss from the upper outlet due to upward flow or air bubbles (for example, this is more likely to occur with highly hydrophobic sludge that easily adheres to air bubbles or is relatively young magnetic flocculent sludge). At this time, the control unit generates a second instruction, designating the electromagnetic actuator arranged on the reactor bottom cover as the target actuator, and controlling its output to have a downward magnetic field gradient. This gradient field applies a downward magnetic force to the sludge, thereby counteracting and canceling the hydrodynamic forces that cause it to float upward (such as influent upflow, aeration lift). Its core objective is to effectively retain the sludge in the main reaction zone through magnetic constraint, preventing it from accumulating at the top of the reactor or being carried away from the upper outlet or overflow weir, thereby maintaining the uniformity and stability of the activated sludge concentration (MLSS) in the reactor and ensuring the continuous biological treatment efficiency of the system. The second preset threshold is less than the effective height of the reactor (usually referring to the actual working depth of the reactor that can accommodate the mud-water mixture) and must be greater than the first preset threshold. Its typical value range is 70% to 90% of the effective height of the reactor. The effective height of the reactor refers to the maximum vertical depth of the liquid phase space that the reactor can accommodate and participate in the main process processes such as mud-water mixing and biochemical reactions under normal operating conditions. Specifically, it is the vertical distance from the starting plane at the bottom of the reactor where the reaction begins (usually the bottom of the tank or the upper surface of the water / air distribution device) to the highest liquid level allowed by the process (usually the design operating liquid level or the top of the overflow weir).

[0072] By combining the two opposing magnetic control modes of upward-driving sludge anti-deposition and downward-driving sludge anti-floating in steps S143-S144, the problem of uncontrolled distribution of sludge of different densities in the reactor caused by natural forces (gravity, buoyancy) and hydrodynamics is actively solved, and the effective retention of sludge of different densities is achieved.

[0073] In conjunction with the first aspect, sludge characteristics also include the static distribution characteristics of the sludge. Following step S142, the following steps are also included: S1431, if the top layer height of the sludge is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, obtain the static distribution characteristics of the sludge.

[0074] S1441, determine whether the static distribution characteristics of sludge show spatial distribution differences in at least two spatial intervals, and whether the difference magnitude and / or distribution gradient exceed the corresponding preset threshold.

[0075] If yes, proceed to step S1451; otherwise, proceed to S1461-S1471.

[0076] S1451, generate a third instruction to select at least one electromagnetic actuator corresponding to a differential region as the target actuator, and control the target actuator to operate according to a segmented or gradient strategy to form a magnetic field gradient with a composite magnetic field distribution in the reactor, thereby adjusting the spatial distribution of sludge.

[0077] S1461, obtain the distribution and evolution characteristics of sludge.

[0078] S1471, if the spatial distribution characteristics of the sludge in the reactor still exhibit periodic return, limited oscillation, or overall distribution pattern change amplitude below a preset threshold after applying magnetic force in a single direction or at a single spatial location, it indicates that the sludge has dynamic motion failure, generates a fourth instruction, controls at least two electromagnetic actuators corresponding to spatial intervals as target actuators, and controls the target actuators to run alternately according to a preset time sequence, thereby causing the sludge to migrate back and forth between different spatial regions; Among them, the time scale of alternating operation is larger than the characteristic time scale of sludge response under a single magnetic force action.

[0079] Steps S1431-S1471 constitute a secondary intelligent control logic when the top sludge height is normal (between the first and second preset thresholds). This logic aims to further diagnose and optimize the microscopic distribution of sludge within the reactor, sequentially assessing the uniformity of its static spatial distribution and the effectiveness of its dynamic response, and implementing corresponding precise magnetic control.

[0080] Steps S1431 and S1451 together constitute an advanced control strategy for identifying and actively correcting the uneven static spatial distribution of sludge within the reactor.

[0081] Once the system confirms that the sludge is suspended within the ideal height range, its static distribution characteristics are first acquired and evaluated through steps S1431 and S1441. The core objective is to dynamically adjust the detected non-uniform sludge distribution to a target distribution (usually uniform) that meets process requirements through precise and differentiated control of the electromagnetic actuator, thereby eliminating mixing dead zones and optimizing overall reactor reaction conditions. When the online monitoring system (e.g., multi-point arranged optical solid-state sensors, conductivity meters, or ultrasonic concentration meters) detects significant differences in sludge concentration in different spatial regions within the reactor (e.g., the top, middle, and bottom layers along the water depth direction, or different blocks in the horizontal direction), and this difference or distribution gradient exceeds a preset threshold allowed for maintaining efficient reaction (e.g., a sustained difference in MLSS concentration between adjacent areas greater than 15%), it indicates localized uneven sludge distribution. Such unevenness is common in deep or large-diameter reactors, or when operating conditions fluctuate; without intervention, it will lead to a decrease in localized reaction efficiency.

[0082] At this point, a third instruction is generated through step S1451. First, the spatial location of the difference regions is analyzed (e.g., a high concentration in the bottom layer and a low concentration in the top layer is detected), and then the electromagnetic actuator corresponding to at least one difference region is identified as the target actuator. By flexibly combining one or more of the following adjustment methods, segmented or gradient strategy control is implemented on the target actuator. Specifically: Based on the above examples, one or more of the following adjustment methods can be flexibly combined: Firstly, if the target is the high-concentration area at the bottom, then the electromagnetic actuators of the corresponding lower cover and / or bottom sidewall are set as the target actuators. By reducing the magnetic field strength, shortening the pulse duty cycle, or switching to a weak repulsion mode, the magnetic adsorption and retention effect of the area on the sludge is weakened, and the sludge is promoted to diffuse upward under the action of the fluid.

[0083] Secondly, if the target is the low-concentration area at the top, then the electromagnetic actuators of the corresponding top cover and / or top sidewall are set as target actuators. By enhancing the magnetic field strength, increasing the pulse duty cycle, or optimizing the magnetic field gradient direction, the magnetic attraction of sludge in this area is enhanced, and sludge is actively extracted from below or collected from the side, thereby increasing the concentration in this area.

[0084] Third, the actuators corresponding to both the top and bottom layers are designated as target actuators for coordinated control. For example, the force of the bottom actuators is simultaneously weakened while the force of the top actuators is strengthened, creating a two-way synergistic effect and accelerating the redistribution of sludge from the high-concentration bottom layer to the low-concentration top layer.

[0085] Fourth, in complex distribution scenarios, primary and secondary target actuators can be defined. For example, the actuators in the bottom layer can be designated as primary target actuators to adjust their intensity and release sludge, while the actuators in the middle layer sidewalls can be designated as secondary target actuators. By appropriately adjusting their magnetic fields, they can guide and assist the vertical migration path of the sludge, achieving a smoother and more efficient distribution adjustment.

[0086] If the electromagnetic actuators in the reactor are arranged in a segmented array (e.g., dividing the sidewall into 2-8 independent control modules along the water depth), differentiated control will be implemented for the segmented modules corresponding to areas of abnormal concentration. For example, for the high-concentration zone at the bottom, the magnetic field strength or duty cycle of the corresponding sidewall actuator can be reduced to weaken its adsorption and retention effect, and even a brief reverse excitation can be applied to generate a weak repulsive force, causing some sludge in that area to diffuse upwards. Simultaneously, the upper cover actuator can be adjusted to increase the upward magnetic field gradient, attracting sludge to float; or the lower cover actuator can be adjusted to weaken the downward magnetic field gradient, reducing the suppression of the bottom sludge. Through this coordinated, gradient strategy, a composite magnetic field distribution is formed within the reactor, where the magnetic field strength and direction at different spatial locations are finely controlled, creating a non-uniform magnetic field gradient. The composite magnetic field generated by the aforementioned segmented and gradient control will exert spatially differentiated magnetic forces on the magnetic sludge particles. Driven by net magnetic force (the combined force of magnetism, gravity, and fluid drag), sludge particles migrate from high-concentration areas (where magnetic attraction is weaker or repulsive) to low-concentration areas (where magnetic attraction is stronger). This process continues until online sensors show that the sludge concentration difference between different spatial zones has narrowed to within a preset threshold (e.g., ≤ 10%), achieving the expected "target distribution".

[0087] It is understood that, as mentioned above, the grading setting in step S1101 and the grading screening in step S1102 can enable the magnetically responsive sludge to form a preset particle size partition structure, and further form a corresponding magnetically responsive force partition structure, thereby achieving pre-regulation of the spatial distribution of sludge in the reactor at the structural level.

[0088] Based on the preset partition structure, the control system can generate or trigger corresponding electromagnetic control commands.

[0089] Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, when the pre-regulation achieved through steps S1101 and S1102 enables the static distribution characteristics of sludge in the reactor to meet the preset uniformity threshold or control precision requirements, the sludge concentration difference between each spatial interval is within the allowable range.

[0090] Under these conditions, the control system may not enter the advanced control mode consisting of steps S1431 and S1451, which is used to identify and actively correct the uneven static spatial distribution of sludge, thereby simplifying the control process and reducing the system operating load.

[0091] If, as determined in step S1441, the static distribution characteristics of the sludge do not show a difference exceeding a preset threshold between any two spatial intervals, it indicates that the sludge is spatially uniform or approximately uniform. The system then further executes step S1461 to acquire and analyze the distribution evolution characteristics of the sludge, i.e., the dynamic behavior and trend of its spatial distribution state changing over time, in order to assess whether the current uniform state is stable and the microscopic movement activity of the sludge.

[0092] Step S1471 is triggered when the distribution evolution characteristics indicate that the sludge exhibits dynamic motion failure within the reactor. Specifically, this manifests as follows: after applying magnetic force in a single direction or spatial location, the sludge distribution still exhibits periodic repositioning (rapidly returning to the origin after a brief displacement), limited oscillation (fluctuating only within a small range near the equilibrium position), or an overall distribution pattern change below a preset threshold (weak magnetic driving effect). This indicates that the sludge system may be trapped in a dynamic stalemate due to interparticle adsorption, biological bridging, or hydrodynamic patterns, making it difficult for a single magnetic strategy to drive effective overall or internal migration.

[0093] In response to this situation, step S1471 generates a fourth instruction. This instruction controls at least two electromagnetic actuators corresponding to different spatial intervals as target actuators and controls them to operate alternately according to a preset time sequence, thereby forming a composite magnetic field effect that varies with time. For example, for a reactor with sludge compaction in the middle and poor circulation between the upper and lower parts, the upper cover actuator (A) and the lower sidewall actuator (B) can be selected simultaneously as target actuators.

[0094] If it runs alternately according to a preset time sequence: Phase 1 (lasts T1 seconds): Actuator A is activated, generating an upward dominant magnetic force in an attempt to lift the sludge.

[0095] Phase Two (lasts T2 seconds): Actuator A is turned off, and actuator B is turned on at the same time to generate a lateral or oblique magnetic force to apply a lateral traction to the loosened sludge.

[0096] Phase 3 (lasts T3 seconds): The actuator can be switched again, or actuators from other spatial locations can be introduced to participate in the operation.

[0097] This cycle constitutes a basic alternating time series. The timescales T1, T2, and T3 are preferentially designed to be longer than the characteristic time of the sludge response under a single magnetic force action, ensuring that each action produces an observable displacement effect while avoiding excessively long durations that could lead to the formation of new local equilibria. This temporally alternating composite magnetic force forces sludge particles to be pulled by dominant magnetic forces in different directions at different times, resulting in reciprocating, oscillating, or spiral migration paths. This dynamic disturbance effectively breaks the adsorption network between particles, loosens the compacted structure, and alters the local flow field, thereby significantly enhancing the overall internal mixing and migration capacity of the sludge, breaking the dynamic deadlock, and restoring and maintaining its good distribution controllability.

[0098] The actuator positions and time sequences described above are merely examples and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0099] In conjunction with the first aspect, sludge characteristics include the regional aggregation characteristics of sludge. Following step S141, the process further includes: If not, proceed to steps S1422-S1442.

[0100] S1422, Obtain the regional aggregation characteristics of sludge; S1432, if the regional aggregation characteristics of sludge show that the sludge migration speed at the inlet exceeds the third threshold, indicating that the sludge is in the water intake stage and there is a risk of hydraulic shock, a fifth instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged far from the water inlet as the main target actuator, control the operation of the main target actuator to form a magnetic field gradient in the reactor away from the direction of the water inlet, thereby generating a magnetic force on the sludge to aggregate away from the water inlet, reducing the impact of the water inlet on the sludge; S1442, if the regional aggregation characteristics of sludge show that the sludge migration speed at the outlet exceeds the fourth threshold, indicating that the sludge is in the drainage stage and there is a risk of effluent carryover, a sixth instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged far from the effluent point as the main target actuator, control the operation of the main target actuator to form a magnetic field gradient in the reactor away from the effluent direction, thereby generating a magnetic force on the sludge to aggregate away from the effluent point, and enhancing the sludge-water separation efficiency.

[0101] When step S141 determines that the sludge is not in the reaction stage (such as in the influent, effluent, or idle stages), steps S1422 to S1442 are executed, entering the condition-adaptive control logic based on the sludge regional aggregation characteristics. The core of this logic is to monitor the migration behavior of sludge near specific functional points (such as influent and effluent outlets), identify the specific risks it faces in the non-reaction stage (hydraulic shock or effluent carryover), and actively intervene using magnetic fields to achieve pre-protection or efficient retention of the sludge.

[0102] First, the regional aggregation characteristics of the sludge are obtained. These characteristics are mainly characterized by monitoring the migration speed and aggregation pattern of sludge groups near key locations using online sensors (such as fixed-point flow meters, particle image analyzers, or concentration sensors for specific areas).

[0103] If the acquired regional aggregation characteristics show that the migration speed of sludge at the inlet exceeds the third preset threshold, it indicates that the system is in the water intake stage, and the influent flow poses a significant risk of hydraulic shock to the sludge (e.g., the sludge is washed into the depths of the tank or the structure is broken up). At this time, the system generates a fifth instruction. The control logic of this instruction is active avoidance. At this time, the electromagnetic actuators arranged far from the inlet or on the opposite side of the main influent impact path are identified as the main target actuators and their operation is controlled. By exciting a strong magnetic field in this safe area, a magnetic field strength gradient is constructed in the reactor that is opposite to the influent direction and points towards the inside or side of the tank. Under the action of this gradient field, the magnetic sludge particles are subjected to a net magnetic force far from the inlet. This force preemptively pulls and aggregates the sludge mass towards the area with weaker impact before the influent flow causes severe shearing and disturbance to the sludge, thereby effectively buffering the hydraulic shock, avoiding damage to the sludge floc structure, maintaining the integrity of the biomass, and preserving the treatment capacity for subsequent reaction stages.

[0104] If the acquired regional aggregation characteristics show that the sludge migration rate at the effluent outlet exceeds the fourth preset threshold, it indicates that the system is in the drainage stage and there is a significant risk of sludge loss with the supernatant (e.g., sludge fails to settle effectively and remains suspended near the effluent outlet). At this point, a sixth instruction is generated, with the control logic being directional retention and enhanced separation. An electromagnetic actuator positioned away from the effluent outlet (usually located at the bottom of the tank or opposite the outlet) is identified as the primary target actuator, and its operation is controlled. A strong magnetic field is established in the area where sludge is desired to be retained, forming a strong magnetic field gradient away from the effluent outlet. This gradient field applies a strong magnetic force to the sludge, opposite to the direction of the effluent drag force and pointing inwards towards the reactor. This force effectively counteracts and overcomes the entrainment effect of the drainage flow on the sludge, quickly locking the sludge inside the reactor, thereby rapidly forming a low-suspended-solids clarification zone near the effluent outlet. This transforms sludge-water separation from gravity settling to active magnetic retention, greatly improving separation efficiency and speed, effectively preventing sludge loss, and ensuring stable and reliable effluent quality.

[0105] In this way, the intelligent control of the non-reactive stage achieved through steps S1422-S1442 actively guides the sludge to avoid shocks to protect the microbial community during the influent period, and actively restrains the sludge to prevent loss and enhance separation during the effluent period. This improves the system's adaptability to changes in operating conditions and operational stability, and helps to simplify the process flow (such as reducing dependence on traditional secondary sedimentation tanks).

[0106] In conjunction with the first aspect, the method also includes: S145, the electromagnetic actuator arranged in the transfer area is used as an auxiliary target actuator.

[0107] S146, control the auxiliary target actuator to work in coordination with the main target actuator to form a magnetic field gradient away from the direction of incoming water during the water intake phase and / or to form a magnetic field gradient away from the direction of outgoing water during the water discharge phase.

[0108] Understandably, steps S145 and S146 define an advanced collaborative control strategy for reactor configurations with a transfer zone (such as certain sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) or internal circulation reactors) during the non-reaction phase (influent / exfluent). This strategy introduces electromagnetic actuators in the transfer zone as auxiliary target actuators, which then coordinate with the main target actuators in the reaction zone to achieve precise guidance and enhanced retention of sludge migration paths. This results in ultimate shock protection during the influent phase and efficient sludge-water separation during the effluent phase.

[0109] Based on steps S1432 and S1442, an electromagnetic actuator arranged in the transfer zone is introduced as an auxiliary target actuator. The main function of this auxiliary actuator is to establish a magnetic field space with strong retention capability in the transfer zone, which is used to capture, temporarily store and stably retain the magnetic sludge migrating from the main reaction zone during coordinated control.

[0110] During the water intake or drainage phase, when the main target actuator malfunctions or needs maintenance, or in situations where the sludge has high requirements for shock resistance and retention capacity, the auxiliary target actuator can replace or cooperate with the main target actuator to perform the functions of sludge-water separation or sludge retention.

[0111] Specifically, during the influent or effluent stages, auxiliary target actuators can be positioned in the transfer zone (e.g., above or to the side of the reaction zone). During operation, these actuators generate a magnetic gradient force with an upward component, creating a magnetic enrichment region within the transfer zone. This magnetic field causes the resultant force on the sludge particles to have a component pointing towards the transfer zone, thereby guiding the sludge to migrate from the reaction zone to the transfer zone, thus reducing the impact of influent or effluent shocks on sludge distribution.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, the auxiliary target actuator and the main target actuator can be controlled to operate in coordination at the same time, and the directional migration of sludge can be achieved through the construction of a composite magnetic field.

[0113] During the influent phase, the system operates in the reaction zone, away from the influent (usually at the bottom or opposite side), generating a horizontal magnetic gradient force away from the influent impact zone, pushing the sludge laterally away from the high-risk area. Simultaneously, it operates in the transfer zone (usually located above or slightly above the reaction zone), generating an upward-component magnetic gradient force, creating a magnetic trapping zone. At this point, the sludge particles are acted upon by both forces, with the resultant force pointing towards the transfer zone. This oblique resultant force guides the sludge along a path from the reaction zone to the obliquely upward transfer zone, thus safely, quickly, and thoroughly transferring the bulk sludge to the transfer zone, physically isolated from the influent flow, achieving the highest level of shock protection.

[0114] During the drainage phase, the primary target actuator operates in the reaction zone away from the outlet (usually at the bottom or opposite side), generating a strong magnetic field gradient force pointing inwards towards the reactor, pulling the sludge back from near the outlet. Simultaneously, the auxiliary target actuator operates synchronously in the transfer zone (usually located above or to the side of the reaction zone), also generating a strong retention magnetic field. At this point, the forces of the primary and auxiliary target actuators work together to form a combined force field that strongly constrains and lifts the sludge to the transfer zone. This ensures that during drainage, almost all magnetic sludge is safely, quickly, and thoroughly sucked up and retained in the transfer zone. This rapidly creates a combined magnetic field gradient above the reaction zone, drawing the sludge from the reaction zone and locking it in the transfer zone. Under this action, the sludge is quickly removed from the clarification layer of the reaction zone and tightly retained in the transfer zone, resulting in a highly clarified water layer forming in the lower part of the reaction zone in a very short time. This ensures minimal suspended solids during drainage, significantly improving sludge-water separation efficiency and effluent quality.

[0115] The coordinated control of the transfer area implemented in steps S145 and S146 not only achieves complete spatial isolation between sludge and influent / effluent interference, but also significantly improves the system's shock resistance, separation speed, and operational stability under transient conditions through dynamic magnetic guidance and enhanced retention.

[0116] The above-described actuator arrangement and operation are merely examples and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0117] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a wastewater treatment system. The reactor in the system includes a reactor body, at least one electromagnetic actuator disposed on the reactor body, and an online sensor for monitoring the state of sludge in the reactor. The electromagnetic actuator and the online sensor are electrically connected to a control unit, which is used to execute the above-described method. By optimizing its operation in conjunction with the aforementioned electromagnetic control strategy, this system significantly reduces operating energy consumption. Compared to traditional systems that rely on propellers or aeration mixing and require secondary sedimentation tanks and sludge return systems, energy consumption is expected to be reduced by more than 30%. The energy savings primarily stem from two aspects: firstly, the replacement of high-energy-consuming continuous mechanical stirring with low-energy electromagnetic pulse control; and secondly, the achievement of rapid sludge-water separation within the reactor, reducing or even eliminating the energy consumption of the secondary sedimentation tank sludge return process.

[0118] By segmenting and controlling the electromagnetic field, a three-dimensional uniform distribution of sludge within the reactor can be achieved. Actual measurements show that the coefficient of variation of sludge concentration at different depths in the reaction zone can be stably controlled below 15%, significantly better than traditional mechanical mixing methods (where the coefficient of variation is typically >30%).

[0119] During the drainage stage, by activating the electromagnetic actuator on the opposite side of the drainage outlet, the magnetic sludge can be rapidly aggregated and the sludge-water separation can be completed within ≤5 minutes. After separation, the suspended solids concentration of the supernatant is consistently below 10mg / L, which can be directly discharged in compliance with standards or enter subsequent processes, thus avoiding the risk of floating sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank and the lengthy sedimentation process.

[0120] This system effectively solves the problems of high energy consumption in mixing, low separation efficiency in the secondary sedimentation tank, and high operational risks in traditional processes by preparing magnetically responsive sludge and constructing intelligent electromagnetic closed-loop control. It achieves an integrated improvement in the efficiency of mixing, reaction, and separation, and has the advantages of cost saving, process simplification, and stable operation.

[0121] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, combined with Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device includes a memory 131 and a processor 130. The memory 131 stores a computer program, and the processor 130 runs the computer program to make the electronic device perform the above-described method.

[0122] Furthermore, combined Figure 3 The electronic device shown also includes a bus 132 and a communication interface 133, with the processor 130, the communication interface 133 and the memory 131 connected via the bus 132.

[0123] The memory 131 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 133 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc. The bus 132 may be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 3 The symbol is represented by a single double-headed arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0124] Processor 130 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of processor 130 or by instructions in software form. Processor 130 may be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this invention can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware decoding processor, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can reside in a mature storage medium in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory 131, and processor 130 reads the information in memory 131 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0125] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a readable storage medium storing computer program instructions, which are read and executed by a processor to perform the above-described method.

[0126] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system and apparatus described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0127] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0128] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0129] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wastewater treatment method utilizing magnetic sludge, characterized in that, The method is applied to a control unit in a wastewater treatment system. The reactor in the system includes a reactor body, at least one electromagnetic actuator disposed on the reactor body, and an online sensor for monitoring the state of sludge in the reactor. The electromagnetic actuator and the online sensor are respectively electrically connected to the control unit. The method includes: Preparation of magnetically responsive sludge; The magnetically responsive sludge is added to the reactor; The characteristics of the sludge within the reactor are obtained; these characteristics are determined based on at least one parameter acquired by the online sensor. Based on the characteristics of the sludge, electromagnetic control commands are generated to drive the movement of the sludge; the electromagnetic control commands include control parameter information of the target electromagnetic actuator. The electromagnetic control command is executed to adjust the operating state of the target electromagnetic actuator, thereby achieving the target distribution of the sludge within the reactor.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for preparing magnetically responsive sludge include: Through Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Co-precipitation introduces magnetic components into traditional sludge; or, By adding a magnetic carrier and co-cultivating with traditional sludge, sludge with magnetic responsiveness is formed.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Through Fe 2+ Fe 3+ The co-precipitation method involves introducing magnetic components into conventional sludge to form magnetically responsive sludge, including: Primary sludge is obtained by screening conventional sludge with a specified particle size range. In a matrix-containing environment, Fe is simultaneously added to the screened primary sludge at a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:

2. 2+ Fe 3+ After continuous cultivation for a specified period of time, the magnetically responsive sludge is obtained.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for forming magnetically responsive sludge by co-culturing it with traditional sludge using a magnetic carrier include: A magnetic carrier with a specified particle size range is added to the reactor; In a substrate-containing environment, the magnetic carrier and the conventional sludge are continuously cultured for a specified time to obtain the magnetically responsive sludge.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sludge characteristics include the top layer height of the sludge; The step of generating electromagnetic control commands for driving the movement of the sludge based on the sludge characteristics includes: Determine whether the sludge is in the reaction stage; If so, obtain the top layer height of the sludge; If the height of the top layer of sludge is less than a first preset threshold, a first instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged on the reactor cover as the target actuator and control the target actuator to operate so as to form a magnetic field gradient with an upward component in the reactor, thereby generating an upward magnetic force on the sludge. If the height of the top layer of sludge is greater than the second preset threshold, a second instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged on the bottom cover of the reactor as the target actuator and control the target actuator to operate, so as to form a magnetic field gradient with a downward component in the reactor, thereby generating a downward magnetic force on the sludge. Wherein, the second preset threshold is less than the effective height of the reactor and greater than the first preset threshold.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After obtaining the top layer height of the sludge, the method further includes: If the height of the top layer of the sludge is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the static distribution characteristics of the sludge are obtained; Determine whether the static distribution characteristics of the sludge exhibit spatial distribution differences in at least two spatial intervals, and whether the difference magnitude and / or distribution gradient exceed the corresponding preset threshold. If so, a third instruction is generated to select at least one electromagnetic actuator corresponding to a differential region as the target actuator and control the target actuator to operate according to a segmented or gradient strategy to form a magnetic field gradient with a composite magnetic field distribution in the reactor, thereby adjusting the spatial distribution of sludge.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, After determining whether the static distribution characteristics of the sludge exhibit spatial distribution differences in at least two spatial intervals, and that the magnitude of the differences and / or the distribution gradient exceeds a corresponding preset threshold, the method further includes: If not, obtain the distribution and evolution characteristics of the sludge; If the spatial distribution evolution characteristics in the reactor still exhibit periodic return, limited oscillation, or overall distribution pattern change amplitude below a preset threshold after applying magnetic force in a single direction or at a single spatial location, a fourth instruction is generated to control at least two electromagnetic actuators corresponding to the spatial intervals as target actuators, and to control the target actuators to operate alternately according to a preset time sequence, thereby causing the sludge to migrate back and forth between different spatial regions. The timescale of the alternating operation is greater than the characteristic timescale of the sludge response under a single magnetic force action.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After determining whether the sludge is in the reaction stage, the method further includes: If not, obtain the regional aggregation characteristics of the sludge; If the regional aggregation characteristics of the sludge show that the sludge migration speed at the inlet exceeds the third threshold, a fifth instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged far from the water inlet as the main target actuator, and control the operation of the main target actuator to form a magnetic field gradient away from the water inlet in the reactor, thereby generating a magnetic force on the sludge to aggregate away from the water inlet, reducing the impact of the water inlet on the sludge. If the regional aggregation characteristics of the sludge show that the sludge migration speed at the inlet exceeds the fourth threshold, a sixth instruction is generated to use the electromagnetic actuator arranged far from the outlet as the main target actuator, and control the operation of the main target actuator to form a magnetic field gradient in the reactor away from the outlet direction, thereby generating a magnetic force on the sludge to aggregate away from the outlet, and enhancing the sludge-water separation efficiency.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: The electromagnetic actuators arranged in the transfer area are used as auxiliary target actuators; The auxiliary target actuator is controlled to operate in coordination with the main target actuator to form a magnetic field gradient away from the direction of incoming water during the water intake phase and / or to form a magnetic field gradient away from the direction of outgoing water during the water discharge phase.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Following the step of preparing magnetically responsive sludge, the following steps are also included: The specified particle size range and / or specified time duration are set in a graded manner to obtain at least two ranges; The magnetically responsive sludge is graded and screened according to at least two particle size ranges. The grading settings and grading screening are used to guide or trigger the generation of electromagnetic control commands to achieve pre-regulation of the spatial distribution of sludge within the reactor.

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