Anti-backflow channel clogging granular sludge self-backflow reactor

Abstract

The application relates to the sewage treatment technical field, in particular to a granular sludge self-circulation reactor capable of preventing backflow channel blockage, which comprises a reactor tank body, a gas discharging mechanism, a granular sludge interception mechanism and a self-circulation channel, wherein the reactor tank body is a cylindrical barrel structure, the inside of the reactor tank body is sequentially provided with a gas discharging area, a granular sludge accumulation area and a reaction zone from top to bottom; the gas discharging mechanism comprises an inverted conical gas collecting cover, a gas collecting pipeline and a gas discharging pipe, and the surface of the gas collecting cover is provided with gas flow-through holes. The application can timely discharge the gas in the gap of the granular sludge, maintain the sedimentation performance of the sludge, effectively intercept the granular sludge through the gradient interception structure, and prevent the backflow channel from being blocked through the flow guide plate and the backflushing nozzle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a granular sludge self-recirculation reactor that prevents backflow channel blockage. Background Technology

[0002] Different types of microbial communities within granular sludge form symbiotic or mutualistic relationships, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. This ensures that the reactor retains a high density of microorganisms even at high upflow velocities, significantly enhancing mass transfer and promoting the efficient degradation of pollutants. Compared with the traditional activated sludge process, granular sludge technology has significant advantages such as excellent settling performance, high biomass concentration, high organic loading, strong resistance to toxic shocks, low suspended solids in effluent, and low residual sludge production. Therefore, it is widely used in various industrial wastewater and municipal sewage treatment fields.

[0003] However, granular sludge technology still faces many challenges in practical engineering applications. When the reactor is running, the gas generated during the reaction tends to accumulate in the gaps between the granular sludge particles and cannot be discharged in time, leading to a decrease in granular sludge density. Under the combined effect of rising flow velocity and gas production, traditional three-phase separators have limited capacity to retain granular sludge, potentially causing granular sludge loss within the reactor, thus affecting the stable operation and treatment efficiency of the system. Furthermore, during continuous operation of traditional granular sludge reactors, solid particles are prone to deposition and accumulation in the sludge return channel. If the structural design of the return channel is not reasonable, it may lead to gradual blockage, affecting the sludge return effect and the long-term stable operation of the reactor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a granular sludge self-recirculation reactor to prevent backflow channel blockage. It can promptly discharge gas accumulated in the gaps between granular sludge particles during reactor operation, maintain the density and settling performance of granular sludge, effectively retain granular sludge to prevent sludge loss, and avoid the deposition and accumulation of solid particles through the structural design of the self-recirculation channel, thus solving the technical problem of backflow channel blockage.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage, comprising a reactor tank, a gas emission mechanism, a granular sludge retention mechanism, and a self-recirculation channel, wherein: The reactor tank is a cylindrical structure with an outlet at the top and an inlet at the bottom. The interior of the reactor tank is arranged from top to bottom as a gas emission area, a granular sludge accumulation area, and a reaction area.

[0006] The gas emission mechanism is located within the gas emission area and includes a gas collection hood, a gas collection pipe, and a gas emission pipe. The gas collection hood has an inverted conical structure with its cone tip pointing downwards at the top of the granular sludge accumulation area. The surface of the gas collection hood wall has several gas flow holes arranged radially. One end of the gas collection pipe is connected to the cone tip of the gas collection hood. The end of the gas collection pipe away from the gas collection hood extends upwards and is connected to the gas emission pipe. The end of the gas emission pipe away from the gas collection pipe extends to the outside of the reactor tank.

[0007] The granular sludge interception mechanism is located between the gas emission area and the granular sludge accumulation area, and includes a first interception plate, a second interception plate, and an elastic connector. Both the first and second interception plates are circular perforated plate structures, and they are arranged vertically parallel in space. The first interception plate is located above the second interception plate, and a clamping space is formed between them. The elastic connector is located between the first and second interception plates to provide elastic support between them. Multiple flow holes are provided on both the first and second interception plates, and the multiple flow holes are evenly distributed in a matrix on the surface of the interception plates.

[0008] The self-reflux channel is located inside the side wall of the reactor tank and includes a reflux channel body, a reflux inlet, and a reflux outlet. The reflux channel body is an inclined channel structure with an inclination angle of 15 to 25 degrees. The inner wall of the reflux channel body is provided with an anti-deposition structure, which includes multiple guide plates and multiple backflushing nozzles. The multiple guide plates are arranged at intervals along the length of the reflux channel body. Each guide plate is an arc-shaped plate structure with its protrusion facing the upstream side of the reflux channel body. The multiple backflushing nozzles are located on the inner wall of the reflux channel body and are evenly distributed along its length.

[0009] Optionally, the wall of the gas collection hood is made of porous ceramic material with a pore size ranging from 10 micrometers to 50 micrometers. The porous ceramic material can ensure the smooth passage of gas while preventing particulate sludge from entering the interior of the gas collection hood.

[0010] Optionally, the diameter of the gas flow hole is two to five millimeters, and the spacing between adjacent gas flow holes is five to ten millimeters. The arrangement of the gas flow holes can ensure the structural strength of the gas collection hood without affecting the gas collection effect.

[0011] Optionally, the outer wall of the gas collecting pipe is fitted with an insulation sleeve, which is made of rock wool insulation material with a thickness of 20 to 30 millimeters. The insulation sleeve can prevent the gas from condensing due to temperature drop during transmission.

[0012] Optionally, the flow hole diameter of the first interception plate is two to five millimeters, and the flow hole diameter of the second interception plate is three to eight millimeters. The flow hole diameter of the first interception plate is larger than that of the second interception plate, forming a gradient interception structure that can classify and intercept granular sludge of different particle sizes.

[0013] Optionally, the elastic connector is a helical spring structure with a wire diameter of two to four millimeters and five to ten turns. The helical spring can generate elastic deformation under the impact of water flow, apply appropriate compaction force to the granular sludge, and enhance the interception effect.

[0014] Optionally, the granular sludge interception mechanism further includes a pressing counterweight. The pressing counterweight is disposed on the top of the first interception plate. The pressing counterweight is made of cast iron with a density of 7 to 7.8 grams per cubic centimeter and a weight of 5 to 15 kilograms. The setting of the pressing counterweight can increase the compaction force on the granular sludge and further improve the interception effect.

[0015] Optionally, the inner wall of the self-recirculating channel body is further provided with a smooth coating. The smooth coating is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, and the coating thickness of PTFE material is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The smooth coating can reduce the friction coefficient between solid particles and the inner wall of the channel, and reduce the possibility of particle deposition.

[0016] Optionally, the thickness of the plurality of guide plates is three to five millimeters, and the spacing between adjacent guide plates is one hundred to two hundred millimeters. The arrangement of the guide plates can create turbulence when the fluid flows, causing the deposited particles to re-enter the water flow.

[0017] Optionally, the spray direction of the plurality of backflushing nozzles is at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees to the axial direction of the return channel body, and the spray diameter of the backflushing nozzles is 3 to 6 millimeters. The backflushing nozzles can flush the inner wall of the channel when needed, and flush up the deposited particles.

[0018] Optionally, the self-recirculation channel also includes a reflux pump, the inlet of which is connected to the reflux outlet, and the outlet of which is connected to the reaction zone. The reflux pump is a diaphragm pump, and the diaphragm material of the diaphragm pump is neoprene rubber. Neoprene rubber has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The reflux pump can provide driving force for sludge reflux.

[0019] Optionally, the bottom of the reactor tank is also provided with a sludge discharge port, which is located between the reaction zone and the self-reflux channel. The sludge discharge port is connected to an external pipeline through a valve, which is a butterfly valve. The valve body of the butterfly valve is made of stainless steel with a grade of 0.2Cr19Ni10. The setting of the sludge discharge port facilitates the periodic discharge of excess sludge accumulated in the reactor.

[0020] Optionally, an observation window is provided on the side wall of the reactor tank. The observation window is made of transparent quartz glass with a thickness of 10 to 15 millimeters. The observation window facilitates the observation of the operating status of the granular sludge inside the reactor.

[0021] Optionally, a gas flow meter is installed on the gas discharge pipe. The gas flow meter is a rotor flow meter with a range of zero to fifty cubic meters per hour. The gas flow meter can monitor the gas discharge in real time and reflect the operating status of the reactor.

[0022] This invention has the following advantages: By combining a gas collection hood, a gas collection pipe, and a gas discharge pipe, it can promptly collect and discharge gas accumulated in the gaps between granular sludge particles, preventing gas buildup inside the granular sludge and thus maintaining the density and settling performance of the granular sludge, creating favorable conditions for granular sludge retention. The gradient retention structure design of the first and second retention plates effectively retains granular sludge particles of different sizes. The elastic connectors allow for elastic deformation under the impact of water flow, applying appropriate clamping force to the granular sludge, significantly improving the retention effect and preventing granular sludge loss. The guide plate and backflushing nozzles installed on the inner wall of the self-recirculation channel create turbulence during fluid flow, prompting deposited particles to re-enter the water flow. The backflushing nozzles periodically flush the inner wall of the channel, re-flushing up the deposited particles, effectively preventing the deposition and accumulation of solid particles in the recirculation channel, avoiding blockage, ensuring smooth sludge return, and improving the long-term stable operation performance of the reactor. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the self-return channel of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the discharge mechanism and the granular sludge interception mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the granular sludge interception mechanism of the present invention; In the diagram, 1. Reactor tank; 2. Outlet; 3. Inlet; 4. Gas emission area; 5. Granular sludge accumulation area; 6. Reaction zone; 7. Gas collection hood; 8. Gas collection pipe; 9. Gas emission pipe; 10. Gas flow hole; 11. First intercepting plate; 12. Second intercepting plate; 13. Elastic connector; 14. Flow hole; 15. Self-returning channel; 16. Returning channel body; 17. Returning inlet; 18. Returning outlet; 19. Guide plate; 20. Backflushing nozzle; 21. Insulation sleeve; 22. Compactor counterweight; 23. Smooth coating; 24. Returning pump; 25. Sludge discharge port; 26. Valve; 27. Observation window; 28. Gas flow meter. Detailed Implementation To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0026] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] Please see Figures 1 to 4 This invention provides a granular sludge self-recirculation reactor to prevent backflow channel blockage. This reactor is applied to the granular sludge reaction process in the field of wastewater treatment. It can timely discharge the gas accumulated in the gaps between the granular sludge particles during reactor operation, maintain the density and settling performance of the granular sludge, effectively retain the granular sludge, prevent sludge loss, and avoid the deposition and accumulation of solid particles through the structural design of the self-recirculation channel, thus solving the technical problem of backflow channel blockage.

[0030] The specific structure of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 The granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage of the present invention includes a reactor tank 1, a gas emission mechanism, a granular sludge retention mechanism, and a self-recirculation channel 15. The reactor tank 1 is a cylindrical structure with an outlet 2 at the top and an inlet 3 at the bottom. Inside the reactor tank 1, from top to bottom, are arranged a gas emission zone 4, a granular sludge accumulation zone 5, and a reaction zone 6. The cylindrical structure design ensures uniform fluid flow inside the reactor, reduces dead zones and eddies, and facilitates uniform distribution and full reaction of the granular sludge. The outlet 2 is located at the top of the reactor tank 1 and is used to discharge treated clean water; the size of the outlet 2 is designed according to the different treatment capacities. The inlet 3 is located at the bottom of the reactor tank 1 and is used to enter the sewage or wastewater to be treated. The inlet 3 is connected to the external pipeline via a flange to ensure a tight connection. The gas emission zone 4 is located in the upper part of the reactor tank 1 and is used to collect and discharge the gas accumulated in the gaps between the granular sludge particles. The granular sludge accumulation zone 5 is located below the gas emission zone 4 and is the main accumulation and reaction area for granular sludge. The granular sludge undergoes biochemical reactions within this zone, while gas rises from the gaps between the granular sludge particles and is collected. The reaction zone 6 is located below the granular sludge accumulation zone 5 and is the area where the wastewater undergoes its main biochemical reactions. The reaction zone 6 stores a large amount of granular sludge, which mixes with the influent and undergoes pollutant degradation reactions within it.

[0032] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The gas emission mechanism is located within the gas emission area 4 and includes a gas collection hood 7, a gas collection pipe 8, and a gas emission pipe 9. The gas collection hood 7 has an inverted conical structure, with its tip pointing downwards at the top of the granular sludge accumulation area 5. This inverted conical design facilitates gas accumulation and collection. The tip of the gas collection hood 7 extends downwards to near the top of the granular sludge accumulation area 5, effectively collecting gas rising from the gaps between the granular sludge particles. Several gas flow holes 10 are radially arranged on the surface of the gas collection hood 7's wall. These holes allow gas from the gaps between the granular sludge particles to smoothly enter the gas collection hood 7 while preventing granular sludge from entering and clogging the gas collection channel. One end of the gas collection pipe 8 is connected to the gas collection hood 7 and extends vertically upwards. The end of the gas collection pipe 8 furthest from the gas collection hood 7 extends upwards and connects to the gas emission pipe 9. The gas discharge pipe 9 extends to the outside of the reactor tank 1 at the end away from the gas collection pipe 8, and the gas is discharged to the atmosphere or transported to subsequent treatment equipment through the gas discharge pipe 9.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the wall of the gas collection hood 7 is made of a porous ceramic material with a pore size ranging from ten to fifty micrometers. This porous ceramic material ensures smooth gas passage while preventing particulate sludge from entering the gas collection hood 7. The porous ceramic material has a uniform pore structure, allowing gas molecules to flow freely through the pores, while the particle size of particulate sludge is typically larger than fifty micrometers, thus preventing it from passing through the pores and achieving effective separation of gas and particulate sludge. The porous ceramic material also has good corrosion resistance, enabling it to adapt to the complex water quality environment in wastewater treatment processes.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the diameter of the gas flow holes 10 is two to five millimeters, and the spacing between adjacent gas flow holes 10 is five to ten millimeters. The arrangement of the gas flow holes 10 ensures the structural strength of the gas collection hood 7 without affecting the gas collection effect. Too small a diameter will increase gas flow resistance, affecting gas collection efficiency; too large a diameter will reduce the structural strength of the gas collection hood 7, potentially leading to deformation or damage. The spacing between adjacent gas flow holes 10, five to ten millimeters, ensures sufficient strength for the hood wall, and the radial arrangement of the gas flow holes 10 allows gas to smoothly enter the gas collection hood 7 from all directions.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, the outer wall of the gas collecting pipe 8 is fitted with an insulation sleeve 21, which is made of rock wool insulation material with a thickness of 20 to 30 millimeters. The insulation sleeve 21 prevents gas from condensing due to temperature drop during transmission. In wastewater treatment, the gas typically contains water vapor. When the ambient temperature is low, the gas may condense during transmission due to temperature decrease, forming condensate. The accumulation of condensate can affect the smooth discharge of gas and, in severe cases, even block the pipe. The insulation sleeve 21 uses rock wool insulation material, which has excellent thermal insulation and moisture-proof properties, effectively preventing the gas temperature from dropping and avoiding condensate formation.

[0036] Please continue reading. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The granular sludge interception mechanism is located between the gas emission zone 4 and the granular sludge accumulation zone 5, and includes a first interception plate 11, a second interception plate 12, and an elastic connector 13. Both the first and second interception plates 11 and 12 are circular perforated plate structures, arranged vertically parallel to each other. The first interception plate 11 is located above the second interception plate 12, forming a clamping space between them. The circular perforated plate structure design ensures good structural strength of the interception plates, while the arrangement of the flow holes 14 allows fluid to pass through smoothly. The clamping space formed between the vertically parallel first and second interception plates 11 and 12 is used to accommodate granular sludge, achieving compaction and interception of the granular sludge. The elastic connector 13 is located between the first and second interception plates 11 and 12, providing elastic support between them. Multiple flow holes 14 are provided on both the first and second interception plates 11 and 12, and these multiple flow holes 14 are evenly distributed in a matrix on the surface of the interception plates. The matrix-style uniformly distributed flow holes 14 can ensure the uniformity of fluid passing through the interception plate and avoid excessive or insufficient local flow velocity, which would affect the interception effect.

[0037] In an optional embodiment, the flow holes 14 of the first intercepting plate 11 have a diameter of 2 to 5 millimeters, and the flow holes 14 of the second intercepting plate 12 have a diameter of 3 to 8 millimeters. The diameter of the flow holes 14 of the first intercepting plate 11 is smaller than that of the flow holes 14 of the second intercepting plate 12, forming a gradient interception structure that can classify and intercept granular sludge of different particle sizes. The working principle of the gradient interception structure is as follows: firstly, the larger particle size granular sludge is intercepted by the second intercepting plate 12; smaller particle size granular sludge passes through the flow holes 14 of the second intercepting plate 12 and then passes through the first intercepting plate 11 for further interception. This classifying interception method can improve interception efficiency while reducing the decrease in throughput caused by clogging of the intercepting plates.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, the elastic connector 13 is a helical spring structure with a wire diameter of two to four millimeters and five to ten turns. The helical spring allows for elastic deformation under the impact of water flow, applying appropriate compressive force to the granular sludge and enhancing the interception effect. When wastewater flows from bottom to top, the water flow impacts the granular sludge between the first interception plate 11 and the second interception plate 12, causing the helical spring to elastically deform and provide appropriate compressive force, resulting in tight accumulation of the granular sludge and improved interception efficiency. The wire diameter and number of turns of the helical spring are designed according to the required elastic force; a larger wire diameter and more turns result in greater spring stiffness and a greater compressive force applied to the granular sludge.

[0039] In an optional embodiment, the granular sludge retention mechanism further includes a clamping counterweight 22, which is disposed on top of the first retention plate 11. The clamping counterweight 22 is made of cast iron with a density of 7 to 7.8 grams per cubic centimeter, and weighs 5 to 15 kilograms. The clamping counterweight 22 increases the clamping force on the granular sludge, further improving the retention effect. The clamping counterweight 22, placed on top of the first retention plate 11, exerts downward pressure on the first retention plate 11 through its own weight, thereby increasing the clamping force between the first retention plate 11 and the second retention plate 12, allowing the granular sludge to fill the clamping space more tightly. Cast iron has high density and good durability, enabling it to maintain a stable clamping effect during long-term operation.

[0040] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The reflux channel 15 is located inside the side wall of the reactor tank 1 and includes a reflux channel body 16, a reflux inlet 17, and a reflux outlet 18. The reflux channel body 16 is an inclined channel structure with an inclination angle of 15 to 25 degrees. The inclination angle design creates a slope in the reflux channel body 16, which is beneficial for the flow of sludge within the channel and avoids the deposition of solid particles within the channel. If the inclination angle is too small, the sludge flow rate will decrease, increasing the risk of deposition; if the inclination angle is too large, the sludge will flow too quickly, and there will not be enough time for sufficient mixing and reaction. The inner wall of the reflux channel body 16 is provided with an anti-deposition structure, which includes multiple guide plates 19 and multiple backflushing nozzles 20. The multiple guide plates 19 are arranged at intervals along the length of the reflux channel body 16, and each guide plate 19 is an arc-shaped plate structure with its protrusion facing the upstream side of the reflux channel body 16. The multiple backflushing nozzles 20 are disposed on the inner wall of the reflux channel body 16 and are evenly distributed along its length.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, the inner wall of the reflux channel body 16 is further provided with a smooth coating 23, which is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, and the coating thickness of the PTFE material is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The smooth coating 23 can reduce the coefficient of friction between solid particles and the inner wall of the channel, reducing the possibility of particle deposition. PTFE material has an extremely low coefficient of friction and good non-stick properties, making it difficult for solid particles to adhere to the inner wall of the channel. Even if a small amount of particles are deposited, they can be washed away by subsequent fluid flow.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, the thickness of the plurality of guide plates 19 is three to five millimeters, and the spacing between adjacent guide plates 19 is one hundred to two hundred millimeters. The arrangement of the guide plates 19 can create turbulence during fluid flow, causing deposited particles to re-enter the water flow. The guide plates 19 have an arc-shaped plate structure with the convex direction facing upstream. When sludge enters from the return inlet 17 and flows along the return channel body 16, the guide plates 19 force the fluid to change its flow direction, forming local turbulence and eddies. The generation of turbulence and eddies can re-entrain particles that have been deposited at the bottom of the channel, causing them to re-enter the water flow and be carried away. The thickness and spacing of the guide plates 19 are designed according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel and the flow velocity; the greater the thickness and the smaller the spacing, the more obvious the turbulence effect.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the spray direction of the multiple backflushing nozzles 20 forms an angle of 30 to 45 degrees with the axial direction of the return channel body 16, and the spray diameter of the backflushing nozzles 20 is 3 to 6 millimeters. The backflushing nozzles 20 are configured to flush the inner wall of the channel when needed, re-flushing away deposited particles. The backflushing nozzles 20 are connected to an external high-pressure water source or air compressor via pipes. When flushing is required, high-pressure water or compressed air is sprayed from the backflushing nozzles 20 at an angle of 30 to 45 degrees with the axial direction of the return channel body 16, effectively flushing the inner wall of the channel and removing particles adhering to it. The size of the spray diameter determines the flushing force; a larger diameter results in a greater flushing force, but also a greater water or air consumption.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the self-recirculation channel 15 further includes a recirculation pump 24. The inlet end of the recirculation pump 24 is connected to the recirculation outlet 18, and the outlet end of the recirculation pump 24 is connected to the reaction zone 6. The recirculation pump 24 is a diaphragm pump, and the diaphragm material of the diaphragm pump is neoprene rubber. Neoprene rubber has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and the recirculation pump 24 can provide driving force for sludge recirculation. During reactor operation, some particulate sludge needs to be recirculated from the self-recirculation channel 15 to the reaction zone 6 for reuse. The recirculation pump 24 provides the necessary driving force so that the sludge can overcome the pipe resistance and recirculate from the recirculation outlet 18 to the reaction zone 6. The diaphragm pump uses neoprene rubber as the diaphragm material. Neoprene rubber has good corrosion resistance and can adapt to the environment containing corrosive substances in wastewater, while also having good wear resistance and being able to withstand the abrasion of solid particles.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, a sludge discharge port 25 is also provided at the bottom of the reactor tank 1, located between the reaction zone 6 and the self-recirculation channel 15. The sludge discharge port 25 is connected to an external pipeline via a valve 26, which is a butterfly valve. The valve body of the butterfly valve is made of stainless steel with a grade of 0.2Cr19Ni10. The sludge discharge port facilitates the periodic discharge of excess sludge accumulated in the reactor. During long-term operation, a certain amount of excess sludge will accumulate in the reactor, and this excess sludge needs to be discharged periodically to maintain the normal operation of the reactor. The location of the sludge discharge port 25 between the reaction zone 6 and the self-recirculation channel 15 allows for smooth discharge of sludge while avoiding interference with the normal reflux process. The valve 26 adopts a butterfly valve structure, which features rapid opening and closing and easy operation. The stainless steel material ensures the service life of the valve in corrosive environments.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, an observation window 27 is provided on the side wall of the reactor tank 1. The observation window 27 is made of transparent quartz glass with a thickness of 10 to 15 millimeters. The observation window 27 facilitates observation of the operating status of the granular sludge inside the reactor. Through the observation window 27, operators can directly observe the distribution, color changes, and sludge quantity of the granular sludge inside the reactor, promptly detect abnormalities, and take corresponding measures. Quartz glass has the advantages of high transparency, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, and can maintain transparency for a long time in harsh internal environments.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, a gas flow meter 28 is installed on the gas discharge pipe 9. The gas flow meter 28 is a rotor flow meter with a range of zero to fifty cubic meters per hour. The gas flow meter 28 can monitor the gas discharge in real time, reflecting the operating status of the reactor. The gas discharge is one of the important indicators of the reactor's operating status. When the gas discharge is abnormal, it may mean that there is an abnormality inside the reactor, such as granular sludge floating or sludge loss. The rotor flow meter has the advantages of simple structure, accurate measurement, and intuitive reading, which can meet the needs of gas flow monitoring.

[0048] In this invention, the working process of the reactor is as follows: First, the wastewater to be treated enters the reaction zone 6 at the bottom of the reactor tank 1 through inlet 3. Within reaction zone 6, it mixes thoroughly with granular sludge, and the microorganisms in the granular sludge degrade the pollutants in the wastewater. During this degradation process, the microorganisms produce gas, which accumulates in the gaps between the granular sludge particles, forming tiny bubbles.

[0049] Then, as the bubbles accumulate, they move upward under buoyancy and enter the granular sludge accumulation zone 5. A gas collection hood 7 is positioned at the top of the granular sludge accumulation zone 5, and a gas flow hole 10 allows gas to pass through while simultaneously blocking the granular sludge. The gas enters the gas collection hood 7 through the gas flow hole 10 and is then discharged to the outside of the reactor through the gas collection pipe 8 and the gas discharge pipe 9. During the gas rise, the granular sludge becomes denser due to the gas discharge, and its settling performance is restored and maintained.

[0050] Simultaneously, the granular sludge is retained at the retention mechanism composed of the first retention plate 11 and the second retention plate 12. The granular sludge enters the clamping space between the first retention plate 11 and the second retention plate 12, where the elastic connector 13 provides elastic support and applies appropriate compaction force to the granular sludge, causing it to accumulate tightly. The diameter of the flow holes 14 in the first retention plate 11 is larger than that in the second retention plate 12, forming a gradient retention structure that classifies and retains granular sludge of different sizes, improving retention efficiency. The compaction counterweight 22 increases the compaction force on the granular sludge, further preventing sludge loss.

[0051] Subsequently, the granular sludge requiring recirculation is returned to the reaction zone 6 via the recirculation channel 15. The recirculation channel body 16 is inclined at an angle of 15 to 25 degrees, allowing the sludge to slide downwards under gravity. Baffles 19 are spaced along the length of the recirculation channel body 16, creating turbulence and prompting deposited particles to re-enter the water flow. Backwash nozzles 20 periodically or as needed flush the inner wall of the channel, re-flushing up the deposited particles. A smooth coating 23 reduces the coefficient of friction between solid particles and the inner wall of the channel, minimizing the possibility of particle deposition. A recirculation pump 24 provides additional driving force to ensure smooth sludge recirculation.

[0052] Finally, the treated clean water is discharged from outlet 2, the gas is discharged to the atmosphere or subsequent treatment equipment through gas discharge pipe 9, and the remaining sludge is discharged periodically through sludge discharge outlet 25.

[0053] Through the coordinated work of the aforementioned mechanisms, this invention can effectively solve the technical problems existing in the prior art and achieve long-term stable operation of the reactor.

[0054] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage, characterized in that: It includes a reactor tank (1), a gas emission mechanism, a granular sludge retention mechanism, and a self-return channel (15), wherein: The reactor tank (1) is a cylindrical structure with an outlet (2) at the top and an inlet (3) at the bottom. The reactor tank (1) is provided with a gas emission area (4), a granular sludge accumulation area (5) and a reaction area (6) from top to bottom. The gas emission mechanism is located in the gas emission area (4) and includes a gas collection hood (7), a gas collection pipe (8) and a gas emission pipe (9). The gas collection hood (7) is an inverted cone structure with its cone tip pointing downwards and located at the top of the granular sludge accumulation area (5). The surface of the gas collection hood (7) has several gas flow holes (10), which are arranged radially on the surface of the gas collection hood (7). One end of the gas collection pipe (8) is connected to the gas collection hood (7), and the end of the gas collection pipe (8) away from the gas collection hood (7) extends upwards and is connected to the gas emission pipe (9). The end of the gas emission pipe (9) away from the gas collection pipe (8) extends to the outside of the reactor tank (1). The granular sludge interception mechanism is located between the gas emission area (4) and the granular sludge accumulation area (5), and includes a first interception plate (11), a second interception plate (12) and an elastic connector (13). The first interception plate (11) and the second interception plate (12) are both circular perforated plate structures, and they are arranged vertically in parallel in space. The first interception plate (11) is located above the second interception plate (12) and a clamping space is formed between them. The elastic connector (13) is located between the first interception plate (11) and the second interception plate (12) to provide elastic support between them. The first interception plate (11) and the second interception plate (12) are each provided with multiple flow holes (14), and the multiple flow holes (14) are evenly distributed in a matrix on the surface of the interception plate. The self-recirculation channel (15) is located inside the side wall of the reactor tank (1) and includes a recirculation channel body (16), a recirculation inlet (17) and a recirculation outlet (18). The recirculation channel body (16) is an inclined channel structure with an inclination angle of 15 to 25 degrees. The inner wall of the recirculation channel body (16) is provided with an anti-deposition structure, which includes multiple guide plates (19) and multiple backflushing nozzles (20). The multiple guide plates (19) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the recirculation channel body (16). Each guide plate (19) is an arc-shaped plate structure with its protrusion facing the upstream side of the recirculation channel body (16). The multiple backflushing nozzles (20) are located on the inner wall of the recirculation channel body (16) and are evenly distributed along its length direction.

2. The granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collection hood (7) is made of porous ceramic material.

3. The granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the flow hole (14) of the first intercepting plate (11) is two to five millimeters, and the diameter of the flow hole (14) of the second intercepting plate (12) is three to eight millimeters. The diameter of the flow hole (14) of the first intercepting plate (11) is smaller than the diameter of the flow hole (14) of the second intercepting plate (12).

4. A granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic connector (13) is a helical spring structure.

5. A granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The granular sludge interception mechanism also includes a pressing counterweight (22), which is disposed on the top of the first interception plate (11).

6. A granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the reflux channel body (16) is also provided with a smooth coating (23), which is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material.

7. A granular sludge self-recirculation reactor for preventing backflow channel blockage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray direction of the plurality of backflush nozzles (20) forms an angle of 30 to 45 degrees with the axial direction of the return channel body (16).

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