An intelligent control system for drilling operation in coal bed methane fault structure area

Abstract

This invention relates to an intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones, belonging to the field of intelligent drilling control technology. The system includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring single-point inclination data from multiple measuring points in the current working section of the target coalbed methane fault zone; a trajectory construction module for constructing a predicted drilling trajectory curve; a drill bit life prediction module for real-time acquisition of the target drill bit's working status data, extracting multiple wear features, and calculating the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point; a well deviation prediction module for calculating the well deviation deviation between the target drill bit and the predicted drilling trajectory curve; a parameter adjustment module for adjusting the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time point to obtain optimal working parameters; and a control module for controlling the target drill bit to drill in the current working section. This invention improves the intelligence level of drilling operations by constructing a predicted drilling trajectory curve and optimizing the original working parameters of the target drill bit based on the remaining working life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of technology, and in particular to an intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones. Background Technology

[0002] Fault zones are often one of the key factors in the formation of coalbed methane. These zones often contain abundant coalbed methane resources and are key areas for exploration and exploitation.

[0003] The complex geological structure of coalbed methane fault zones places higher demands on drilling technology. Traditionally, drilling operations for coalbed methane are often conducted immediately after geological exploration. However, these fault zones typically have large dip angles and significant natural slope increases, leading to substantial wear on drill bits. Traditional methods for controlling drilling operations in these zones often rely on manual experience to set drill bit parameters, neglecting to consider the remaining working life of the drill bit, potentially reducing drilling efficiency and accelerating drill bit wear. Furthermore, traditional control methods are heavily dependent on manual experience and lack a high degree of automation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones. The technical solution of this invention is as follows: An intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones includes: The data acquisition module is used to collect single-point inclination data from multiple measuring points in the current working section within the wellbore of the target coalbed methane fault structure area. The trajectory construction module is used to construct a drilling prediction trajectory curve for drilling operations in the current working well section based on single-point inclination measurement data from multiple measuring points. The drill bit life prediction module is used to collect the working status data of the target drill bit in real time within a preset time period with the current time node as the end point, and extract multiple wear features of each time node in the working status data. The survival analysis algorithm is used to calculate the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the multiple wear features of each time node. The well deviation prediction module is used to calculate the working azimuth and well deviation angle of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the working status data, and to calculate the well deviation deviation between the target drill bit and the well prediction trajectory curve based on the working azimuth and well deviation angle at the current time node. The parameter adjustment module is used to adjust the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time point based on the well deviation and the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point, so as to obtain the optimal working parameters. The control module is used to control the target drill bit to drill the current working section according to the optimal working parameters.

[0005] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes: The segmented unit obtains the downhole geological characteristics within the wellbore of the target coalbed methane fault structure area, and divides the target coalbed methane fault structure area into multiple working well sections based on the downhole geological characteristics; The preset interval length configuration unit is used to configure the preset interval length of each working well segment according to the length of each working well segment and the downhole geological characteristics; The single-point inclination data acquisition unit is used to collect single-point inclination data of multiple measuring points in the current working well section using an inclination instrument according to the preset interval length of the current working well section.

[0006] Preferably, the trajectory construction module includes: The dogleg angle calculation unit is used to obtain single-point inclination data of every two adjacent measuring points in the current working well section, and to calculate the dogleg angle between every two adjacent measuring points based on the single-point inclination data of every two adjacent measuring points. The coordinate increment calculation unit is used to calculate the ratio factor between two adjacent measuring points based on the dog leg angle between two adjacent measuring points, and to calculate the coordinate increment of each measuring point relative to the previous measuring point based on the ratio factor between two adjacent measuring points. The trajectory generation unit is used to construct a downhole coordinate system with the initial measuring point of the current working well section as the origin and the coordinate axes as due north, due east and vertical to the horizon downward. The coordinate increment of each measuring point relative to the previous measuring point is accumulated to the coordinate of the previous measuring point to obtain the coordinate of each measuring point. The coordinates of all measuring points are connected by a smooth curve to obtain the drilling prediction trajectory curve of the current working well section.

[0007] Preferably, the single-point inclination data includes measurement depth, well inclination angle, and azimuth angle. When the coordinate increment calculation unit calculates the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point relative to the (i-1)-th measuring point based on the ratio factor between every two adjacent measuring points, it uses formulas (1) to (3): (1); (2); (3); In formula (1), This represents the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the due north direction. This represents the measured depth of the i-th measuring point. This represents the measured depth of the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the well inclination angle at the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the well inclination angle at the i-th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the i-th measuring point. This represents the ratio factor between the i-th measurement point and the (i-1)-th measurement point; In formula (2), This represents the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the due east direction; In formula (3), This represents the downward coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the direction perpendicular to the horizon.

[0008] Preferably, the drill bit life prediction module includes: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the working status data of the target drill bit within a preset time period, with the current time node as the endpoint; The feature extraction unit is used to perform sliding window analysis on the working status data to obtain multiple wear features at each time point; The remaining working life calculation unit is used to calculate the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time point based on multiple wear characteristics at each time point using a survival analysis algorithm, and to calculate the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point based on the cumulative risk.

[0009] Preferably, the working status data includes multiple parameter types, and the feature extraction unit includes: The sliding window extraction subunit is used to slide the sliding window over the working status data with a preset step size, and to calculate the standard deviation and rate of change of the working status data of each parameter type in each sliding window. The preset step size is the time interval between adjacent time nodes. The feature processing subunit is used to determine multiple wear features of the first time node in each sliding window based on the standard deviation and rate of change of the working status data of all parameter types in each sliding window, and to use the multiple wear features of the first time node in each sliding window as multiple wear features of each time node.

[0010] Preferably, the remaining working life calculation unit includes: The cumulative risk calculation subunit is used to input multiple wear characteristics of each time node into the preset survival analysis model, output the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the preset survival analysis model, and determine the survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time node. The predictive regression curve unit is used to generate a multi-valued predictive regression function based on multiple wear characteristics at each time point, and to determine multiple predicted wear characteristics at each future time point based on the multi-valued predictive regression function. The remaining life calculation unit is used to input the survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time node and multiple predicted wear characteristics of each future time node into the remaining life function to obtain the conditional survival probability of each future time node, obtain the future time node corresponding to the conditional survival probability of 50%, and take the time difference between the future time node corresponding to the conditional survival probability of 50% and the current time node as the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time node.

[0011] Preferably, the well deviation prediction module includes: The mapping unit is used to map the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit to the downhole coordinate system to obtain the coordinates of the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit. The arc construction unit is used to determine the working arc where the target drill bit is located based on the coordinates of the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit. The prediction unit is used to determine the running direction of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the working status data, and to superimpose the running direction of the current time node onto the tangent direction of each tangent point of the working arc according to the direction component, and to adjust the working arc to obtain the predicted arc. The direction calculation unit is used to calculate the curvature of the predicted arc and, based on the curvature of the predicted arc, calculate the working azimuth and working well inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time node. The deviation calculation unit is used to calculate the difference between the working azimuth angle and working well inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time node and the azimuth angle and well inclination angle of the point corresponding to the current time node in the drilling prediction trajectory curve, respectively, to obtain the azimuth deviation angle and well inclination deviation angle. The azimuth deviation angle and well inclination deviation angle constitute the well inclination deviation amount between the target drill bit and the drilling prediction trajectory curve.

[0012] Preferably, the parameter adjustment module includes: The cost function construction unit is used to construct the working parameter cost function with the minimum well deviation and the maximum remaining working life as optimization objectives and the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time node as initial values. The cost calculation unit is used to input the well deviation, the original working parameters of the target drill bit, and the remaining working life at the current time point into the working parameter cost function to obtain multiple solutions for the working parameters; The optimization unit is used to select the optimal solution from multiple solutions of working parameters according to a global search algorithm, and to use the optimal solution as the optimal working parameters.

[0013] All of the above-mentioned optional technical solutions can be combined arbitrarily, and the present invention will not provide a detailed description of the structure after each combination.

[0014] By means of the above solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The data acquisition module collects single-point inclination data from multiple measuring points in the current working section within the wellbore of the target coalbed methane fault structure area. The trajectory construction module then constructs the single-point inclination data from multiple measuring points into a drilling prediction trajectory curve for the current working section, facilitating exploration of the target coalbed methane fault structure area and providing an accurate working target for subsequent drilling operations of the target drill bit.

[0015] The remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point is predicted by the drill bit life prediction module, and the working azimuth and well inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time point are predicted by the well inclination prediction module. After calculating the well inclination deviation between the target drill bit and the predicted drilling trajectory curve based on the working azimuth and well inclination angle, the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time point are adjusted by the parameter adjustment module based on the well inclination deviation and the remaining working life to obtain the optimal working parameters. This allows the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point to be combined with the well inclination deviation during drilling operation control, which can not only improve drilling operation efficiency but also reduce drill bit wear.

[0016] This invention improves the intelligence level of drilling operations by first constructing a drilling prediction trajectory curve and then optimizing the original working parameters of the target drill bit in conjunction with the remaining working life.

[0017] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones, comprising: The data acquisition module is used to collect single-point inclination data from multiple measuring points in the current working section within the wellbore of the target coalbed methane fault structure area. The trajectory construction module is used to construct a drilling prediction trajectory curve for drilling operations in the current working well section based on single-point inclination measurement data from multiple measuring points. The drill bit life prediction module is used to collect the working status data of the target drill bit in real time within a preset time period with the current time node as the end point, and extract multiple wear features of each time node in the working status data. The survival analysis algorithm is used to calculate the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the multiple wear features of each time node. The well deviation prediction module is used to calculate the working azimuth and well deviation angle of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the working status data, and to calculate the well deviation deviation between the target drill bit and the well prediction trajectory curve based on the working azimuth and well deviation angle at the current time node. The parameter adjustment module is used to adjust the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time point based on the well deviation and the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point, so as to obtain the optimal working parameters. The control module is used to control the target drill bit to drill the current working section according to the optimal working parameters.

[0021] Specifically, in the data acquisition module, the target coalbed methane fault zone refers to the coalbed methane fault zone requiring intelligent control of drilling operations. Because the formation dip angle and natural inclination rate of the formation in the target coalbed methane fault zone are relatively large, the number of measuring points needs to be increased to ensure wellbore quality, and the working parameters of the target drill bit need to be adjusted in real time based on the single-point inclination measurement data. The current working section refers to the section where the target drill bit is currently operating. The target drill bit refers to the drill bit tool used for drilling operations in the current working section. Single-point inclination measurement data includes measurement depth, inclination angle, and azimuth angle.

[0022] In the trajectory construction module, the drilling prediction trajectory curve is a graph that predicts the direction and trajectory of the current working section during future drilling.

[0023] In the drill bit life prediction module, the target drill bit's operating status data includes rotational speed, torque, temperature, drilling pressure, and thrust. Wear characteristics in this embodiment represent the standard deviation and rate of change of various operating status data. The survival analysis algorithm used in this embodiment is Cox regression analysis. The remaining operating life of the target drill bit at the current time point refers to the time the target drill bit can still operate normally from the current time point as the starting point of timing.

[0024] In the well deviation prediction module, the working azimuth angle refers to the angle between the working direction of the target drill bit and true north during drilling operations. The working well inclination angle refers to the angle between the working direction of the target drill bit and the downward direction perpendicular to the horizon during drilling operations. The well deviation amount refers to the angle by which the working azimuth angle and the working well inclination angle deviate from the predicted drilling trajectory curve.

[0025] In the parameter adjustment module, the original working parameters refer to the initial working parameters set by the target drill bit at the beginning of the drilling operation, such as drilling speed, drilling distance, set well inclination angle, and set azimuth angle.

[0026] In one specific embodiment, the data acquisition module includes: The segmented unit obtains the downhole geological characteristics within the wellbore of the target coalbed methane fault structure area, and divides the target coalbed methane fault structure area into multiple working well sections based on the downhole geological characteristics; The preset interval length configuration unit is used to configure the preset interval length of each working well segment according to the length of each working well segment and the downhole geological characteristics; The single-point inclination data acquisition unit is used to collect single-point inclination data of multiple measuring points in the current working well section using an inclination instrument according to the preset interval length of the current working well section.

[0027] Specifically, within the segmented unit, downhole geological characteristics include soil strength, lithology, and structural layers. When dividing the target coalbed methane fault zone into multiple working well sections based on these downhole geological characteristics, if there are significant differences in soil strength or lithology among the downhole strata, then the strata with these significant differences are divided into different working well sections; similarly, if there are significant faults in the structural layers of the downhole strata, then the strata with significant faults are divided into different working well sections. By considering the downhole geological characteristics of the target coalbed methane fault zone, the impact of these characteristics is taken into account during drilling operations, reducing drilling errors caused by geological factors and improving the accuracy of subsequent intelligent control of drilling operations.

[0028] In the preset interval length configuration unit, the preset interval length is relatively long (e.g., 100m) in the working section where the sand strength is low, and relatively short (e.g., 50m) in the working section where the structural layer appears.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, the trajectory construction module includes: The dogleg angle calculation unit is used to obtain single-point inclination data of every two adjacent measuring points in the current working well section, and to calculate the dogleg angle between every two adjacent measuring points based on the single-point inclination data of every two adjacent measuring points. The coordinate increment calculation unit is used to calculate the ratio factor between two adjacent measuring points based on the dog leg angle between two adjacent measuring points, and to calculate the coordinate increment of each measuring point relative to the previous measuring point based on the ratio factor between two adjacent measuring points. The trajectory generation unit is used to construct a downhole coordinate system with the initial measuring point of the current working well section as the origin and the coordinate axes as due north, due east and vertical to the horizon downward. The coordinate increment of each measuring point relative to the previous measuring point is accumulated to the coordinate of the previous measuring point to obtain the coordinate of each measuring point. The coordinates of all measuring points are connected by a smooth curve to obtain the drilling prediction trajectory curve of the current working well section.

[0030] Specifically, in the dogleg angle calculation unit, the dogleg angle reflects the degree of deviation of the wellbore trajectory between two adjacent measuring points. The calculation of the dogleg angle between the j-th measuring point and the (j-1)-th measuring point is performed on these two adjacent measuring points. This is achieved using the following formula: ; in, This represents the well inclination angle at the (j-1)th measuring point. This represents the well inclination angle at the j-th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the j-th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the (j-1)th measuring point. This represents the inverse cosine function.

[0031] Among them, the azimuth angle of a certain measuring point refers to the angle between the straight line formed by the measuring point and the origin of the downhole coordinate system and the due north direction, and the inclination angle refers to the angle between the straight line formed by the measuring point and the origin of the downhole coordinate system and the due east direction.

[0032] In the coordinate increment calculation unit, the dogleg angle between the j-th and (j-1)-th adjacent measuring points is used. For example, the ratio factor between these two adjacent measuring points for .

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the single-point inclination data includes measurement depth, well inclination angle, and azimuth angle. When the coordinate increment calculation unit calculates the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point relative to the (i-1)-th measuring point based on the ratio factor between every two adjacent measuring points, it does so using formulas (1) to (3): (1); (2); (3); In formula (1), This represents the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the due north direction. This represents the measured depth of the i-th measuring point. This represents the measured depth of the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the well inclination angle at the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the well inclination angle at the i-th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the i-th measuring point. This represents the ratio factor between the i-th measurement point and the (i-1)-th measurement point; In formula (2), This represents the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the due east direction; In formula (3), This represents the downward coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the direction perpendicular to the horizon.

[0034] In the trajectory generation unit, the initial measuring point represents the measuring point at the shallowest position of the current working well section. For example, when calculating the coordinates of the j-th measuring point, assuming the x-axis of the downhole coordinate system is due north, the y-axis is due east, and the z-axis is the direction downwards perpendicular to the horizon, if the coordinates of the (j-1)-th measuring point are (1,2,3), the coordinate increment... =1, =1, If the value is 1, then the coordinates of the j-th measuring point are (2,3,4).

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the drill bit life prediction module includes: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the working status data of the target drill bit within a preset time period, with the current time node as the endpoint; The feature extraction unit is used to perform sliding window analysis on the working status data to obtain multiple wear features at each time point; The remaining working life calculation unit is used to calculate the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time point based on multiple wear characteristics at each time point using a survival analysis algorithm, and to calculate the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point based on the cumulative risk.

[0036] Specifically, the preset time period is usually set to 20 minutes. The time interval between adjacent time nodes is usually set to 1 second.

[0037] In the feature extraction unit, the sliding window slides across the working status data through a sliding window of a preset size (in this embodiment, the value is the time interval corresponding to 5 time nodes), and analyzes the working status data in each sliding window in turn to obtain multiple wear features for each time node.

[0038] In the remaining working life calculation unit, cumulative risk refers to the cumulative risk value of the target drill bit, which is obtained by comprehensively evaluating multiple wear characteristics.

[0039] In one specific embodiment, the working status data includes multiple parameter types, and the feature extraction unit includes: The sliding window extraction subunit is used to slide the sliding window over the working status data with a preset step size, and to calculate the standard deviation and rate of change of the working status data of each parameter type in each sliding window. The preset step size is the time interval between adjacent time nodes. The feature processing subunit is used to determine multiple wear features of the first time node in each sliding window based on the standard deviation and rate of change of the working status data of all parameter types in each sliding window, and to use the multiple wear features of the first time node in each sliding window as multiple wear features of each time node.

[0040] Specifically, if the preset step size is the time interval between adjacent time nodes, it can be ensured that the first time node of each sliding window can cover all time nodes during the sliding process. Therefore, multiple wear features of each time node can be characterized by multiple wear features of the first time node in each sliding window.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, the remaining working life calculation unit includes: The cumulative risk calculation subunit is used to input multiple wear characteristics of each time node into the preset survival analysis model, output the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the preset survival analysis model, and determine the survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time node. The predictive regression curve unit is used to generate a multi-valued predictive regression function based on multiple wear characteristics at each time point, and to determine multiple predicted wear characteristics at each future time point based on the multi-valued predictive regression function. The remaining life calculation unit is used to input the survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time node and multiple predicted wear characteristics of each future time node into the remaining life function to obtain the conditional survival probability of each future time node, obtain the future time node corresponding to the conditional survival probability of 50%, and take the time difference between the future time node corresponding to the conditional survival probability of 50% and the current time node as the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time node.

[0042] Specifically, in the cumulative risk calculation subunit, the independent variables of the preset survival analysis model are multiple wear characteristics, and the dependent variable is cumulative risk. In this embodiment of the invention, the preset survival analysis model can be a Cox regression model. In practice, the Cox regression model needs to be trained first. The specific training method is as follows: first, an initial Cox regression model is constructed; then, the initial Cox regression model is trained using the historical wear characteristics of the target drill bit to obtain partial regression coefficients. These partial regression coefficients replace the initial partial regression coefficients in the initial Cox regression model, resulting in a trained Cox regression model as the preset survival analysis model. The survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time point is determined based on the cumulative risk at that time point. When the time is right, the calculation formula is: ;in, This indicates the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time point.

[0043] In the predictive regression curve unit, the dependent variable of the multi-valued predictive regression function is a vector composed of multiple wear features, and the independent variable is a time node. The multi-valued predictive regression function represents the correspondence between time nodes and wear features. After constructing the multi-valued predictive regression function, inputting any future time node into it will yield multiple predicted wear features for that future time node. Specifically, when generating the multi-valued predictive regression function based on the multiple wear features of each time node, the interrelationships between the multiple wear features at different time nodes are fully considered. Therefore, the generated multi-valued predictive regression function can accurately characterize the interrelationship between time nodes and wear features. Specifically, when generating the multi-valued predictive regression function, the multiple wear features of each time node are input into a pre-trained regression function generation model, which then outputs the multi-valued predictive regression function. The regression function generation model can employ a random forest model.

[0044] In the remaining lifetime calculation unit, the survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time point in the above embodiments is used as a reference. A vector composed of multiple predicted wear features at each future time point. The conditional survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time point is calculated using the remaining lifetime function. When, the calculation formula is: ;in, This represents a vector composed of a pre-defined survival analysis model and multiple predicted wear features. The accumulated risk obtained.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, the well deviation prediction module includes: The mapping unit is used to map the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit to the downhole coordinate system to obtain the coordinates of the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit. The arc construction unit is used to determine the working arc where the target drill bit is located based on the coordinates of the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit. The prediction unit is used to determine the running direction of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the working status data, and to superimpose the running direction of the current time node onto the tangent direction of each tangent point of the working arc according to the direction component, and to adjust the working arc to obtain the predicted arc. The direction calculation unit is used to calculate the curvature of the predicted arc and, based on the curvature of the predicted arc, calculate the working azimuth and working well inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time node. The deviation calculation unit is used to calculate the difference between the working azimuth angle and working inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time node and the azimuth angle and inclination angle corresponding to the current time node in the drilling prediction trajectory curve, respectively, to obtain the azimuth deviation angle and the inclination deviation angle. The azimuth deviation angle and the inclination deviation angle constitute the inclination deviation amount between the target drill bit and the drilling prediction trajectory curve.

[0046] Specifically, in the mapping unit, the center position of the target drill bit is mapped to the downhole coordinate system based on the relative positional relationship between the center position of the target drill bit and its nearest measuring point. The nearest measuring point refers to the measuring point closest to the target drill bit. The relative positional relationship between the target drill bit and its nearest measuring point refers to the distance and directional deviation between the center position of the target drill bit and its nearest measuring point. Based on the distance between the center of the target drill bit and the drill bit centralizer, the position of the drill bit centralizer is mapped to the downhole coordinate system. The tangent point of the target drill bit refers to the first position where the target drill bit contacts the underground rock formation or geological material and begins cutting. After determining the center position of the target drill bit and the position of the drill bit centralizer, the tangent point of the target drill bit is determined by the maximum contact force fed back by the contact force sensor installed on the target drill bit, and this tangent point is mapped to the downhole coordinate system.

[0047] In the arc construction unit, the working arc where the target drill bit is located is an arc formed by connecting the coordinates of the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit.

[0048] In the prediction unit, the direction of torque and thrust at the current time node in the working status data are cross-multiplied to obtain the running direction of the target drill bit at the current time node. The running direction of the target drill bit at the current time node is decomposed into three direction vectors: due north, due east, and downward perpendicular to the horizon. These three direction vectors are superimposed on the tangent direction of each tangent point of the working arc to adjust the position of each tangent point, forming a new set of tangent points. Connecting this set of new tangent points forms the prediction arc.

[0049] In the direction calculation unit, based on the curvature of the predicted arc... When calculating the working azimuth and working inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time point, the curvature of the predicted arc is used as a reference. Working vector at a time node of the target drill bit Calculate the working vector of the target drill bit at the current time node. The calculation formula is: ;in, This represents the time interval between the previous time node and the current time node. The working vector at the current time node includes the working azimuth vector and the working well inclination vector. The working azimuth vector is processed using the arcsine function to obtain the working azimuth angle, and the working well inclination vector is processed using the arctangent function to obtain the working well inclination angle.

[0050] In the deviation calculation unit, the coordinates of the point corresponding to the current time node in the drilling prediction trajectory curve are obtained. The azimuth of this point refers to the angle between the straight line formed by this point and the origin of the downhole coordinate system and the due north direction. The inclination angle refers to the angle between the straight line formed by this point and the origin of the downhole coordinate system and the due east direction. Then, the difference between the working azimuth of the target drill bit at the current time node and the azimuth of this point is calculated to obtain the azimuth deviation angle. The difference between the working inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time node and the inclination angle of this point is calculated to obtain the inclination deviation angle.

[0051] In one specific embodiment, the parameter adjustment module includes: The cost function construction unit is used to construct the working parameter cost function with the minimum well deviation and the maximum remaining working life as optimization objectives and the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time node as initial values. The cost calculation unit is used to input the well deviation, the original working parameters of the target drill bit, and the remaining working life at the current time point into the working parameter cost function to obtain multiple solutions for the working parameters; The optimization unit is used to select the optimal solution from multiple solutions of working parameters according to a global search algorithm, and to use the optimal solution as the optimal working parameters.

[0052] Specifically, in the cost function construction unit, the working parameter cost function can be expressed as: ;in, The initial weight (typically 0.6) represents the well deviation. The initial weight (typically 0.2) represents the remaining working life. This indicates the initial weight of the operating parameters (typically 0.2). , , These represent well deviation, remaining working life, and working parameters, respectively.

[0053] In the cost calculation unit, the well deviation, the original working parameters, and the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time node are input into the working parameter cost function to obtain multiple solutions for the working parameters.

[0054] In the optimization unit, the original operating parameters are first input into the operating parameter cost function, with the well deviation and remaining working lifetime set to 0. The initial cost is then calculated based on the operating parameter cost function. Next, the cost of each set of solutions for the operating parameters is calculated, and multiple sets of solutions with costs less than the initial cost are selected as multiple standard solutions. A particle swarm is constructed based on these multiple standard solutions, and the optimal solution is selected from the particle swarm using a global search algorithm.

[0055] By optimizing the original operating parameters of the target drill bit with the minimum well deviation and maximum remaining working life as optimization objectives, the accuracy of drilling operations can be improved, the wear of the target drill bit can be reduced, and the life of the target drill bit can be extended.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect single-point inclination data from multiple measuring points in the current working section within the wellbore of the target coalbed methane fault structure area. The trajectory construction module is used to construct a drilling prediction trajectory curve for drilling operations in the current working well section based on single-point inclination measurement data from multiple measuring points. The drill bit life prediction module is used to collect the working status data of the target drill bit in real time within a preset time period with the current time node as the end point, and extract multiple wear features of each time node in the working status data. The survival analysis algorithm is used to calculate the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the multiple wear features of each time node. The well deviation prediction module is used to calculate the working azimuth and well deviation angle of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the working status data, and to calculate the well deviation deviation between the target drill bit and the well prediction trajectory curve based on the working azimuth and well deviation angle at the current time node. The parameter adjustment module is used to adjust the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time point based on the well deviation and the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point, so as to obtain the optimal working parameters. The control module is used to control the target drill bit to drill the current working section according to the optimal working parameters.

2. The intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes: The segmented unit obtains the downhole geological characteristics within the wellbore of the target coalbed methane fault structure area, and divides the target coalbed methane fault structure area into multiple working well sections based on the downhole geological characteristics; The preset interval length configuration unit is used to configure the preset interval length of each working well segment according to the length of each working well segment and the downhole geological characteristics; The single-point inclination data acquisition unit is used to collect single-point inclination data of multiple measuring points in the current working well section using an inclination instrument according to the preset interval length of the current working well section.

3. The intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trajectory construction module includes: The dogleg angle calculation unit is used to obtain single-point inclination data of every two adjacent measuring points in the current working well section, and to calculate the dogleg angle between every two adjacent measuring points based on the single-point inclination data of every two adjacent measuring points. The coordinate increment calculation unit is used to calculate the ratio factor between two adjacent measuring points based on the dog leg angle between two adjacent measuring points, and to calculate the coordinate increment of each measuring point relative to the previous measuring point based on the ratio factor between two adjacent measuring points. The trajectory generation unit is used to construct a downhole coordinate system with the initial measuring point of the current working well section as the origin and the coordinate axes as due north, due east and vertical to the horizon downward. The coordinate increment of each measuring point relative to the previous measuring point is accumulated to the coordinate of the previous measuring point to obtain the coordinate of each measuring point. The coordinates of all measuring points are connected by a smooth curve to obtain the drilling prediction trajectory curve of the current working well section.

4. The intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 3, characterized in that, The single-point inclination data includes measurement depth, well inclination angle, and azimuth angle. When the coordinate increment calculation unit calculates the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point relative to the (i-1)-th measuring point based on the ratio factor between every two adjacent measuring points, it does so using formulas (1) to (3): （1）； （2）； （3）； In formula (1), This represents the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the due north direction. This represents the measured depth of the i-th measuring point. This represents the measured depth of the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the well inclination angle at the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the well inclination angle at the i-th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the (i-1)th measuring point. This represents the azimuth angle of the i-th measuring point. This represents the ratio factor between the i-th measurement point and the (i-1)-th measurement point; In formula (2), This represents the coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the due east direction; In formula (3), This represents the downward coordinate increment of the i-th measuring point in the direction perpendicular to the horizon.

5. The intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit life prediction module includes: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the working status data of the target drill bit within a preset time period, with the current time node as the endpoint; The feature extraction unit is used to perform sliding window analysis on the working status data to obtain multiple wear features at each time point; The remaining working life calculation unit is used to calculate the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time point based on multiple wear characteristics at each time point using a survival analysis algorithm, and to calculate the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time point based on the cumulative risk.

6. The intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working status data includes multiple parameter types, and the feature extraction unit includes: The sliding window extraction subunit is used to slide the sliding window over the working status data with a preset step size, and to calculate the standard deviation and rate of change of the working status data of each parameter type in each sliding window. The preset step size is the time interval between adjacent time nodes. The feature processing subunit is used to determine multiple wear features of the first time node in each sliding window based on the standard deviation and rate of change of the working status data of all parameter types in each sliding window, and to use the multiple wear features of the first time node in each sliding window as multiple wear features of each time node.

7. A smart control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The remaining working life calculation unit includes: The cumulative risk calculation subunit is used to input multiple wear characteristics of each time node into the preset survival analysis model, output the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the preset survival analysis model, and determine the survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the cumulative risk of the target drill bit at the current time node. The predictive regression curve unit is used to generate a multi-valued predictive regression function based on multiple wear characteristics at each time point, and to determine multiple predicted wear characteristics at each future time point based on the multi-valued predictive regression function. The remaining life calculation unit is used to input the survival probability of the target drill bit at the current time node and multiple predicted wear characteristics of each future time node into the remaining life function to obtain the conditional survival probability of each future time node, obtain the future time node corresponding to the conditional survival probability of 50%, and take the time difference between the future time node corresponding to the conditional survival probability of 50% and the current time node as the remaining working life of the target drill bit at the current time node.

8. The intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 3, characterized in that, The well deviation prediction module includes: The mapping unit is used to map the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit to the downhole coordinate system to obtain the coordinates of the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit. The arc construction unit is used to determine the working arc where the target drill bit is located based on the coordinates of the center position of the target drill bit, the position of the drill bit centralizer, and the tangent position of the target drill bit. The prediction unit is used to determine the running direction of the target drill bit at the current time node based on the working status data, and to superimpose the running direction of the current time node onto the tangent direction of each tangent point of the working arc according to the direction component, and to adjust the working arc to obtain the predicted arc. The direction calculation unit is used to calculate the curvature of the predicted arc and, based on the curvature of the predicted arc, calculate the working azimuth and working well inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time node. The deviation calculation unit is used to calculate the difference between the working azimuth angle and working well inclination angle of the target drill bit at the current time node and the azimuth angle and well inclination angle of the point corresponding to the current time node in the drilling prediction trajectory curve, respectively, to obtain the azimuth deviation angle and well inclination deviation angle. The azimuth deviation angle and well inclination deviation angle constitute the well inclination deviation amount between the target drill bit and the drilling prediction trajectory curve.

9. The intelligent control system for drilling operations in coalbed methane fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameter adjustment module includes: The cost function construction unit is used to construct the working parameter cost function with the minimum well deviation and the maximum remaining working life as optimization objectives and the original working parameters of the target drill bit at the current time node as initial values. The cost calculation unit is used to input the well deviation, the original working parameters of the target drill bit, and the remaining working life at the current time point into the working parameter cost function to obtain multiple solutions for the working parameters; The optimization unit is used to select the optimal solution from multiple solutions of working parameters according to a global search algorithm, and to use the optimal solution as the optimal working parameters.

Images