Test device and method for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth

Abstract

The application provides a test device and method for testing the influence of photovoltaic on vegetation growth, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic. A photovoltaic influence module has a photovoltaic vegetation planting area, and a natural control module has a control vegetation planting area; a photovoltaic simulation module includes a photovoltaic panel simulation piece and a thermal radiation simulation piece, the photovoltaic panel simulation piece is arranged above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area to simulate the photovoltaic panel shielding the photovoltaic vegetation planting area; the thermal radiation simulation piece is arranged in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area to simulate the thermal radiation of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area; a rainfall simulation module is used to spray irrigation water above the photovoltaic panel simulation piece above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, so that the irrigation water can form the form of rainfall after being shielded by the photovoltaic panel; a control rainfall simulation module is used to simulate natural rainfall in the control vegetation planting area. The application reproduces the environment under the photovoltaic panel through the synergistic effect of the photovoltaic panel simulation piece, the thermal radiation simulation piece and the differential rainfall system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a test device block and method for testing the impact of photovoltaics on vegetation growth. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological photovoltaics refers to a new energy utilization method that combines photovoltaic power generation with ecological governance. By planting vegetation or raising livestock under photovoltaic panels, both solar energy generation and ecological environment improvement are achieved, realizing a win-win situation for both economic and ecological benefits. However, current research on the impact of photovoltaic panels on vegetation growth and soil nutrients is insufficient. Photovoltaic panels effectively reduce surface water evaporation by blocking direct sunlight, with shading effects reducing evaporation by 20% to 30%. Photovoltaic panels also reduce wind speed and light intensity. Furthermore, rainwater, after impacting the surface of photovoltaic panels, is guided by gravity and the panel's tilt angle, concentrating at the lower edge to drip or flow, creating a "wet zone" at the lower edge of the panel and a "dry zone" at the center directly below. These factors may have a certain impact on vegetation growth. Therefore, a device is needed to simulate the photovoltaic environment and assess the impact of photovoltaics on normal vegetation growth. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a test apparatus and method for testing the impact of photovoltaics on vegetation growth, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems or one of the problems.

[0004] This application provides the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an experimental apparatus for testing the impact of photovoltaics on vegetation growth, the experimental apparatus comprising:

[0006] The photovoltaic planting module and the natural planting module are provided, wherein the photovoltaic influence module has a photovoltaic vegetation planting area and the natural control module has a control vegetation planting area.

[0007] At least one photovoltaic simulation module, the photovoltaic simulation module including a photovoltaic panel simulation component and a thermal radiation simulation component, the photovoltaic panel simulation component being disposed above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area to simulate the photovoltaic panel shading the photovoltaic vegetation planting area; the thermal radiation simulation component being disposed in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area to simulate thermal radiation to the photovoltaic vegetation planting area;

[0008] A photovoltaic precipitation simulation module is used to spray irrigation water onto the photovoltaic panel simulation component above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, so that the irrigation water can form a precipitation form after the photovoltaic panel is blocked by the photovoltaic panel after falling on the photovoltaic panel simulation component.

[0009] A control precipitation simulation module is used to simulate natural precipitation in the control vegetation planting area.

[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the experimental apparatus further includes a photovoltaic environment monitoring module, which includes a photovoltaic light intensity detector and a photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector. Both the photovoltaic light intensity detector and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector are installed in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area. The photovoltaic light intensity detector acquires the thermal radiation intensity of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector acquires the temperature and humidity of the soil in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area.

[0011] The experimental apparatus also includes a control environment monitoring module, which includes a control light intensity detector and a control soil temperature and humidity detector. Both the control light intensity detector and the control soil temperature and humidity detector are installed in the control vegetation planting area. The control light intensity detector acquires the heat radiation intensity of the control vegetation planting area, and the control soil temperature and humidity detector acquires the temperature and humidity of the soil in the control vegetation planting area.

[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the photovoltaic light intensity detection device is a light intensity sensor, the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device is disposed below the photovoltaic panel simulation device, the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device is a temperature and humidity sensor, and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device is disposed in the soil of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area;

[0013] The control light intensity detection device is a light intensity sensor, the control soil temperature and humidity detection device is set above the control vegetation planting area, the control soil temperature and humidity detection device is a temperature and humidity sensor, and the control soil temperature and humidity detection device is set in the soil of the control vegetation planting area.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the photovoltaic light intensity detection device and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device are provided at the edge of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area;

[0015] The photovoltaic light intensity detector and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector are also installed in the middle of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area.

[0016] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the photovoltaic simulation module further includes an adjustment member connected to the photovoltaic panel simulation member, the adjustment member being capable of adjusting at least one of the tilt angle and height of the photovoltaic panel simulation member.

[0017] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the adjusting member includes an angle adjusting part and a lifting adjusting part, the angle adjusting part being connected to the photovoltaic panel simulation member, the angle adjusting part being capable of adjusting the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel simulation member, and the lifting adjusting part being connected to the angle adjusting part, the lifting adjusting part being capable of adjusting the height of the angle adjusting part and the photovoltaic panel simulation member.

[0018] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the number of photovoltaic simulation modules is multiple, and the multiple photovoltaic simulation modules are arranged at least at intervals along a first direction of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, and the lifting adjustment part is movable to adjust the spacing between adjacent photovoltaic simulation modules.

[0019] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a test method for testing the impact of photovoltaic power on vegetation growth, applied to the test apparatus for testing the impact of photovoltaic power on vegetation growth as described in any of the above embodiments, the test method comprising:

[0020] The photovoltaic vegetation planting area and the control vegetation planting area are planted with target vegetation of the same scale and parameters; wherein, the photovoltaic vegetation planting area includes a central planting area and an edge planting area;

[0021] Samples were taken from the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area, respectively, and vegetation sample data and environmental sample data were obtained from the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area. The vegetation sample data included the biomass of the vegetation.

[0022] Based on the biomass of the vegetation, the relative inhibition rates of the central planting area and the peripheral planting area were obtained respectively.

[0023] The relative inhibition rate is compared with a preset inhibition threshold, and the degree of inhibition of vegetation growth in the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained based on the comparison results.

[0024] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the testing method further includes:

[0025] Based on the biomass of the central planting area and the edge planting area, the average biomass of the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained;

[0026] The average biomass value was compared with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area, and the degree of inhibition of vegetation growth in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area was obtained based on the comparison results.

[0027] In some embodiments of the second aspect, comparing the average biomass with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area includes:

[0028] Based on the average biomass and the biomass of the control vegetation planting area, the rate of decline of the average biomass and the biomass of the control vegetation planting area is calculated, and the rate of decline is compared with a preset decline threshold.

[0029] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the testing method further includes:

[0030] Environmental sample data of the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area are obtained; wherein, the vegetation sample data also includes vegetation coverage, and the environmental sample data includes light intensity and soil moisture;

[0031] Based on the vegetation sample data and environmental sample data of the control vegetation planting area, the scores of the central planting area and the peripheral planting area are respectively calculated.

[0032] The scores of the central planting area and the edge planting area are compared with the pre-designed score thresholds, and the growth risk level of the vegetation in the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained based on the comparison results.

[0033] The embodiments of this application have the following advantages:

[0034] This application provides an experimental device for testing the impact of photovoltaics on vegetation growth. A photovoltaic panel simulation element covers the photovoltaic vegetation planting area to simulate the shading effect of a real photovoltaic panel, reducing light intensity, decreasing surface moisture evaporation, and altering wind speed distribution, creating a microenvironment different from the natural planting area. A thermal radiation simulation element generates controllable thermal radiation in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, simulating the thermal effects of photovoltaic panels under sunlight (such as the indirect impact of panel surface temperature rise on soil and vegetation). A photovoltaic precipitation simulation module sprays irrigation water onto the photovoltaic panel simulation element, with the water flowing along the panel's tilt angle to form a "humid zone" at the lower edge, while a "dry zone" is formed directly below the panel due to shading, accurately replicating the uneven precipitation distribution phenomenon under real photovoltaic panels. A control precipitation simulation module uniformly sprays water in the natural planting area to simulate natural precipitation conditions, serving as a baseline. By simultaneously monitoring soil moisture, nutrient content, and vegetation growth indicators (such as plant height, biomass, and leaf area index) in both the photovoltaic and natural planting areas, the comprehensive impact of photovoltaic panel shading, thermal radiation, and precipitation redistribution on vegetation growth is quantified.

[0035] Therefore, by leveraging the synergistic effects of photovoltaic panel simulators, thermal radiation simulators, and differentiated precipitation systems, key ecological factors such as light, temperature, and moisture under photovoltaic panels can be reproduced, solving the problem of traditional experiments struggling to simulate complex photovoltaic microenvironments. The formation patterns of "humid zones" and "arid zones" and their driving effects on vegetation distribution are clarified, providing a scientific basis for optimizing vegetation configuration in photovoltaic power plants (such as zoned planting of drought-tolerant / moisture-loving species). Modular configuration supports rapid adjustment of parameters (such as shading rate, thermal radiation intensity, and precipitation patterns), shortening the research cycle, avoiding interference from climate fluctuations in field experiments, and enhancing data comparability. Experimental results can be directly used to design planting schemes under photovoltaic power plants, such as adjusting the tilt angle of photovoltaic panels to improve precipitation distribution, or combining thermal radiation control measures to alleviate soil overheating, achieving synergistic effects of "power generation and ecology." Furthermore, the device has a simple structure and can be expanded into multiple comparison groups (such as different photovoltaic panel heights and coverage densities) according to research needs, making it suitable for standardized testing of the coupling effects between various vegetation types and photovoltaics.

[0036] Clearly, the device of this invention can simulate different environmental conditions and power station types within the experimental setup by adjusting factors such as temperature, precipitation, and photovoltaic support structure. Simulation requires only the parameters of the project site, eliminating the need for on-site natural testing. This solves the problem of conventional testing, which cannot control extreme conditions during the testing period, such as high temperature, low humidity, and weak light intensity. The device of this invention allows for the setting of extreme conditions at any time, comprehensively testing vegetation growth under different conditions. Furthermore, once the experimental setup is built, subsequent testing processes are simple, low-cost, and short-cycle.

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental apparatus for testing the effects of photovoltaics on vegetation growth, provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 2 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective of an experimental apparatus for testing the effects of photovoltaics on vegetation growth, provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal radiation simulation device provided by an embodiment of this application is shown from one perspective.

[0042] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0043] 100 - Photovoltaic planting module; 110 - Photovoltaic vegetation planting area; 200 - Photovoltaic light intensity detection device; 300 - Photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device; 400 - Natural planting module; 410 - Control vegetation planting area; 500 - Control precipitation simulation module; 600 - Photovoltaic light intensity detection device; 700 - Control soil temperature and humidity detection device; 800 - Adjustment device; 810 - Angle adjustment unit; 820 - Lifting adjustment unit; 830 - Guide rail; 900 - Photovoltaic panel simulation device; 1000 - Thermal radiation simulation device. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0045] It should be noted that when an element is said to be "fixed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is said to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. Conversely, when an element is said to be "directly" on another element, there is no intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0046] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the template description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0049] In related technologies, ecological photovoltaics refers to a new energy utilization method that combines photovoltaic power generation with ecological governance. By planting vegetation or raising livestock under photovoltaic panels, both solar energy power generation and ecological environment improvement are achieved, realizing a win-win situation for both economic and ecological benefits. However, current research on the impact of photovoltaic panels on vegetation growth and soil nutrients is insufficient. Photovoltaic panels effectively reduce surface water evaporation by shading, with the shading effect reducing evaporation by 20% to 30%. Photovoltaic panels also reduce wind speed and light intensity. Furthermore, rainwater, after impacting the surface of photovoltaic panels, is guided by gravity and the panel's tilt angle, concentrating at the lower edge to drip or flow, creating a "wet zone" at the lower edge of the panel and a "dry zone" at the center directly below the panel. These factors may have a certain impact on vegetation growth. Therefore, a device is needed to simulate the photovoltaic environment and thus assess the impact of photovoltaics on normal vegetation growth.

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides an experimental device for testing the impact of photovoltaic power on vegetation growth. The experimental device includes:

[0051] The photovoltaic planting module 100 and the natural planting module 400 are provided. The photovoltaic planting module has a photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, and the natural control module has a control vegetation planting area 410.

[0052] At least one photovoltaic simulation module, the photovoltaic simulation module including a photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 and a thermal radiation simulation component 1000, the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 being disposed above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 to simulate the photovoltaic panel shading the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110; the thermal radiation simulation component 1000 being disposed in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 to simulate thermal radiation to the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110;

[0053] A photovoltaic precipitation simulation module is used to spray irrigation water onto the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, so that the irrigation water can form a precipitation form after the photovoltaic panel is blocked after falling on the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900.

[0054] A control precipitation simulation module 500 is used to simulate natural precipitation in the control vegetation planting area 410.

[0055] In these embodiments, the experimental apparatus of this embodiment mainly includes a photovoltaic planting module 100 (i.e., a photovoltaic influence module), a natural planting module 400 (i.e., a natural control module), a photovoltaic simulation module, and a precipitation simulation system (including a photovoltaic precipitation simulation module and a control precipitation simulation module 500).

[0056] Photovoltaic planting module 100 and natural planting module 400: The experimental site was divided into two functional areas: a photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 and a control vegetation planting area 410. The photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 is located below the photovoltaic planting module 100 and is used to plant target vegetation (such as herbaceous plants and shrubs) to simulate the actual planting environment under the photovoltaic power station panels. The control vegetation planting area 410 is located in the natural planting module 400 area and is planted with the same types and densities of vegetation as the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, serving as a control group under natural growth conditions. The soil type, initial nutrient content, vegetation type, and initial growth state of the two planting areas were kept consistent to ensure the comparability of the experiments.

[0057] Photovoltaic simulation module: This photovoltaic simulation module is used to accurately simulate the physical environmental impact of photovoltaic panels on the vegetation and soil below. It mainly includes photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 and thermal radiation simulation component 1000.

[0058] Photovoltaic panel simulator 900: This photovoltaic panel simulator 900 is installed above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic panel simulator 900 uses a dark-colored opaque material (such as dark gray acrylic sheet or special shading cloth) with similar optical properties to the actual photovoltaic module. Its size, tilt angle (e.g., 30°), and installation height are all set with reference to the design parameters of a typical photovoltaic power station. This simulator can effectively block direct sunlight, simulate the reduction in light intensity and shading effect caused by the photovoltaic panel, reduce the light intensity of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, and effectively reduce surface water evaporation.

[0059] For example, the photovoltaic panel simulator 900 has a plate-like structure, similar to a photovoltaic panel. Of course, a photovoltaic panel can also be used.

[0060] Thermal radiation simulator 1000: Located within the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, specifically on the soil surface or near the vegetation canopy. In this embodiment, the thermal radiation simulator 1000 uses a low-power infrared heating lamp or heating wire network, and its radiation intensity is adjusted by a temperature control system to simulate the effect of photovoltaic modules radiating heat into the space below after absorbing light energy under sunlight. By controlling the heating power, the surface or near-surface air temperature of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 can be 2-5°C higher than that of the control vegetation planting area 410, to simulate the heat island effect of the photovoltaic panels.

[0061] For example, the thermal radiation simulation component 1000 is an infrared radiation plate, which is disposed on the side of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 facing the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 to radiate heat to the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0062] Precipitation Simulation System: This system consists of a photovoltaic precipitation simulation module and a control precipitation simulation module 500, used to simulate precipitation processes under different conditions.

[0063] Photovoltaic precipitation simulation module: This includes a sprinkler system positioned above the photovoltaic panel simulator 900. This sprinkler system simulates rainfall or artificial irrigation by spraying water onto the upper surface of the photovoltaic panel simulator 900. The irrigation water is guided by gravity and the panel's tilt angle on the surface of the photovoltaic panel simulator 900, ultimately concentrating at the lower edge of the panel (i.e., the bottom edge) to drip or converge, forming a "wet zone" (located at the lower edge of the panel) and a "dry zone" (located in the central area directly below the panel), similar to those found in actual photovoltaic power plants. By controlling the flow rate, spray angle, and duration of the sprinkler system, precipitation events of varying intensities and durations can be simulated.

[0064] For example, multiple first nozzles evenly distributed above the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 cause irrigation water to be sprayed above the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, and under the guiding effect of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, form a precipitation form on the photovoltaic panel.

[0065] The control precipitation simulation module 500 includes a sprinkler system installed above the control vegetation planting area 410. This sprinkler system directly and evenly sprays water onto the control vegetation planting area 410 to simulate natural precipitation or uniform irrigation conditions, ensuring that the area has a uniform moisture distribution without significant differences between dry and wet conditions.

[0066] For example, multiple second nozzles are evenly distributed in the control vegetation planting area 410, so that irrigation water is sprayed on the control vegetation planting area 410.

[0067] In this embodiment, to further assess the impact of photovoltaics on the environment, the experimental setup also includes an environmental and vegetation monitoring system.

[0068] Sensor networks were deployed in photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 and control vegetation planting area 410 to monitor key environmental parameters in real time, including: light intensity (using light sensors), soil moisture (using multi-point soil moisture sensors, with particular attention to the differences between the "humid zone" and the "arid zone"), soil temperature, air temperature and humidity, wind speed, etc.

[0069] The vegetation in the two planting areas was regularly observed and measured, and indicators such as vegetation growth height, canopy coverage, biomass, chlorophyll content, and species diversity were recorded.

[0070] After the experiment was completed, soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content), organic matter content, and microbial activity.

[0071] By comparing and analyzing the changes in environmental parameters and differences in vegetation / soil indices between photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 and control vegetation planting area 410 over the same period of time, the specific impacts of the photovoltaic environment (including shading, thermal radiation, and uneven precipitation) on vegetation growth and soil ecology can be assessed. For example, it can be evaluated whether the "humid zone" promotes the growth of specific plants, or whether the "arid zone" inhibits vegetation development, and whether thermal radiation alters the soil microbial community structure.

[0072] This embodiment demonstrates the flexibility and scalability of the device. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel simulator 900 can be changed via an adjustable bracket (e.g., 15°, 30°, 45°) to study the effects of different installation angles on shading and precipitation distribution patterns. The power of the thermal radiation simulator 1000 is adjustable to simulate the intensity of thermal radiation under different seasons or different photovoltaic module temperatures. The spray parameters (flow rate, frequency, duration) of the precipitation simulation module are also programmable and controllable to simulate precipitation patterns in different climate zones.

[0073] In other words, the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 covers the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, simulating the shading effect of a real photovoltaic panel, reducing light intensity, decreasing surface moisture evaporation, and altering wind speed distribution, creating a microenvironment different from the natural planting area. The thermal radiation simulation component 1000 generates controllable thermal radiation in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, simulating the thermal effects of the photovoltaic panel under sunlight (such as the indirect impact of panel surface heating on soil and vegetation). The photovoltaic precipitation simulation module sprays irrigation water onto the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900; the water flow converges along the panel's tilt angle to form a "humid zone" at the lower edge, while the area directly below the panel forms a "dry zone" due to shading, accurately replicating the uneven precipitation distribution under a real photovoltaic panel. The control precipitation simulation module 500 sprays water evenly in the natural planting area, simulating natural precipitation conditions, serving as a baseline. By simultaneously monitoring soil moisture, nutrient content, and vegetation growth indicators (such as plant height, biomass, and leaf area index) in photovoltaic planting areas and natural planting areas, the comprehensive impact of photovoltaic panel shading, heat radiation, and precipitation redistribution on vegetation growth is quantified.

[0074] Therefore, by leveraging the synergistic effect of the photovoltaic panel simulator 900, the thermal radiation simulator 1000, and the differentiated precipitation system, key ecological factors such as light, temperature, and moisture under the photovoltaic panels can be reproduced, solving the problem of traditional experiments being unable to simulate complex photovoltaic microenvironments. The formation patterns of the "humid zone" and "arid zone" and their driving effect on vegetation distribution are clarified, providing a scientific basis for optimizing vegetation configuration in photovoltaic power plants (such as zoned planting of drought-tolerant / moisture-loving species). Modular configuration supports rapid adjustment of parameters (such as shading rate, thermal radiation intensity, and precipitation patterns), shortening the research cycle, avoiding interference from climate fluctuations in field experiments, and enhancing data comparability. Experimental results can be directly used for designing planting schemes under photovoltaic power plants, such as adjusting the photovoltaic panel tilt angle to improve precipitation distribution, or combining thermal radiation control measures to alleviate soil overheating, achieving synergistic effects of "power generation and ecology." Furthermore, the device has a simple structure and can be expanded into multiple comparison groups (such as different photovoltaic panel heights and coverage densities) according to research needs, making it suitable for standardized testing of the coupling effects between various vegetation types and photovoltaics.

[0075] Clearly, the device of this invention can simulate different environmental conditions and power station types within the experimental setup by adjusting factors such as temperature, precipitation, and photovoltaic support structure. Simulation requires only the parameters of the project site, eliminating the need for on-site natural testing. This solves the problem of conventional testing, which cannot control extreme conditions during the testing period, such as high temperature, low humidity, and weak light intensity. The device of this invention allows for the setting of extreme conditions at any time, comprehensively testing vegetation growth under different conditions. Furthermore, once the experimental setup is built, subsequent testing processes are simple, low-cost, and short-cycle.

[0076] In some embodiments, the experimental apparatus further includes a photovoltaic environment monitoring module, which includes a photovoltaic light intensity detector 200 and a photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector 300. Both the photovoltaic light intensity detector 200 and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector 300 are installed in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. The photovoltaic light intensity detector 200 acquires the heat radiation intensity of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector 300 acquires the temperature and humidity of the soil in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0077] The experimental setup also includes a control environment monitoring module, which includes a control light intensity detector and a control soil temperature and humidity detector 700. Both the control light intensity detector and the control soil temperature and humidity detector 700 are installed in the control vegetation planting area 410. The control light intensity detector obtains the heat radiation intensity of the control vegetation planting area 410, and the control soil temperature and humidity detector 700 is used to obtain the temperature and humidity of the soil in the control vegetation planting area 410.

[0078] In these embodiments, to more accurately quantify the differences between the photovoltaic microenvironment and the natural environment, and to provide reliable data support for the assessment of the impact on vegetation growth, the experimental apparatus of this embodiment further includes a photovoltaic environment monitoring module and a control environment monitoring module.

[0079] Photovoltaic environmental monitoring module: This module is integrated into the photovoltaic planting module 100 and is used to monitor key environmental parameters of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 in real time and continuously.

[0080] Photovoltaic irradiance intensity detection device 200: Located within the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, preferably installed below the photovoltaic panel simulator 900, above the vegetation canopy, or on a support at a specific height. In this embodiment, the detection device employs a high-precision photosynthetically active radiation sensor or total radiation sensor. It not only measures irradiance in the visible light range but also accurately acquires the infrared radiation intensity (i.e., thermal radiation intensity) generated by the thermal radiation simulator 1000, thus comprehensively reflecting the combined irradiance and thermal environment under the combined effects of photovoltaic panel shading and thermal radiation. Sensor data can be transmitted to the data acquisition system wirelessly or via wired connection.

[0081] Photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device 300: installed in the soil of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. This embodiment uses a multi-channel soil temperature and humidity sensor probe, which is deployed at different depths (e.g., 5cm, 15cm, 30cm) and horizontal positions (e.g., the "humid zone" area and the central area of ​​the "arid zone"). It can simultaneously and in situ measure the soil temperature and volumetric water content, and monitor in real time the spatiotemporal changes in soil microclimate (temperature, humidity) caused by photovoltaic panel shading, thermal radiation, and non-uniform precipitation.

[0082] Control environment monitoring module: This module is set in the natural planting module 400 in correspondence with the photovoltaic environment monitoring module. It is used to monitor the environmental status of the control vegetation planting area 410 as a baseline data.

[0083] Control light intensity detector: Located within the control vegetation planting area 410, with an installation height consistent with the photovoltaic light intensity detector 200. It also employs a PAR sensor or total radiation sensor to acquire the natural light intensity and background thermal radiation (mainly from atmospheric and ground longwave radiation) of the control area, providing a basis for comparative analysis.

[0084] Control soil temperature and humidity sensor 700: Set in the soil of the control vegetation planting area 410, its deployment depth and density are exactly the same as those of the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity sensor 300. It is used to obtain the temperature and humidity changes of the soil under uniform precipitation and natural light / temperature conditions, as a reference standard for assessing the environmental impact of photovoltaics.

[0085] Data Acquisition and Analysis: Signals from all sensors are connected to a central data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit records data from each sensor periodically (e.g., every 15 minutes) and stores it in a database. By comparing and analyzing the data from the two sets of monitoring modules, the following can be achieved:

[0086] The study quantifies the light attenuation rate caused by photovoltaic panel simulator 900 and the additional heat load brought by thermal radiation simulator 1000. It clearly depicts the soil moisture gradient and temperature distribution in the "humid zone" and "arid zone" of photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. The impact of the photovoltaic environment on daily / seasonal fluctuations in soil temperature and humidity is assessed. Correlation analysis between environmental monitoring data and vegetation growth indicators reveals the specific driving mechanisms of environmental factors (light, temperature, and moisture) on vegetation growth.

[0087] In this embodiment, the data acquisition system can be connected to a monitoring terminal (such as a computer or tablet) to achieve real-time visualization of monitoring data (such as generating temperature and humidity change curves and light intensity heat maps). Furthermore, the system can implement feedback control: for example, when the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector 300 detects that the soil moisture in the "arid zone" is lower than a preset threshold, it automatically triggers the photovoltaic precipitation simulation module to perform local water replenishment; or when the photovoltaic light intensity detector 200 detects that the thermal radiation intensity is too high, it automatically adjusts the power of the thermal radiation simulation device 1000. This enables the experimental device not only to perform passive observation but also to achieve active environmental control, simulating more complex dynamic scenarios.

[0088] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic light intensity detection device 200 is a light intensity sensor, and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device 300 is disposed below the photovoltaic panel simulation device 900. The photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device 300 is a temperature and humidity sensor and is disposed in the soil of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0089] The control light intensity detector is a light intensity sensor. The control soil temperature and humidity detector 700 is set above the control vegetation planting area 410. The control soil temperature and humidity detector 700 is a temperature and humidity sensor and is set in the soil of the control vegetation planting area 410.

[0090] In these embodiments, to more accurately quantify the differences between the photovoltaic microenvironment and the natural environment, and to provide reliable data support for assessing the impact on vegetation growth, the experimental apparatus of this embodiment further includes a photovoltaic environment monitoring module and a control environment monitoring module. This embodiment specifically specifies the type and precise installation location of each sensor.

[0091] Photovoltaic environmental monitoring module: This module is integrated into the photovoltaic planting module 100 and is used to monitor key environmental parameters of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 in real time and continuously.

[0092] Photovoltaic light intensity detection element 200: In this embodiment, the detection element is a light intensity sensor. It is positioned below the photovoltaic panel simulation element 900, preferably mounted on a bracket at a certain distance (e.g., 30-50 cm) from the lower surface of the photovoltaic panel simulation element 900, and located in the space above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. This position can accurately measure the actual light intensity reaching the vegetation canopy after being blocked by the photovoltaic panel simulation element 900, as well as the heat radiation intensity generated by the heat radiation simulation element 1000.

[0093] Photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device 300: In this embodiment, the detection device uses a temperature and humidity sensor. The sensor is installed in the soil of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. Specifically, the sensor probe is inserted into the soil to a predetermined depth (e.g., 5cm, 15cm) and covers key areas in the horizontal direction, such as the "humid zone" (near the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel simulation device 900) and the "dry zone" (directly below the center of the panel), to accurately obtain soil temperature and humidity data under different microenvironments.

[0094] Control environment monitoring module: This module is set in the natural planting module 400 in correspondence with the photovoltaic environment monitoring module. It is used to monitor the environmental status of the control vegetation planting area 410 as a baseline data.

[0095] Control Light Intensity Detector: In this embodiment, the detector is a light intensity sensor. It is positioned above the control vegetation planting area 410, at the same height as the photovoltaic light intensity detector 200 (e.g., the same height from the ground). This position is used to measure the intensity of unobstructed natural light as a control benchmark.

[0096] Control soil temperature and humidity sensor 700: In this embodiment, the sensor is a temperature and humidity sensor. This sensor is installed in the soil of the control vegetation planting area 410. Its depth and horizontal position distribution completely correspond to the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity sensor 300, ensuring the fairness and scientific validity of the data comparison.

[0097] In some embodiments, photovoltaic light intensity detectors 200 and photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detectors 300 are provided at the edge of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. Photovoltaic light intensity detectors 200 and photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detectors 300 are also provided in the middle of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0098] In these embodiments, a photovoltaic environment monitoring module is integrated into the photovoltaic planting module 100 to monitor key environmental parameters of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 in real time and continuously. To comprehensively reflect the environmental gradient caused by the shading effect of the photovoltaic panels, sensors are deployed at multiple points within the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 (101).

[0099] Photovoltaic light intensity detection element 200: In this embodiment, the detection element is a light intensity sensor. The sensor is located below the photovoltaic panel simulation element 900. Specifically, at least one photovoltaic light intensity detection element 200 is provided in both the edge and central areas of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0100] Edge area: This typically refers to the area near the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel simulator 900 (i.e., above the "wet zone"). Sensors here are used to monitor the lighting environment caused by water dripping from the panel edge and possible edge light transmission effects.

[0101] Central region: This refers to the central area directly below the photovoltaic panel simulator 900 (i.e., above the "arid zone"). The sensors here are used to monitor the environment where there is complete shading and the weakest light.

[0102] By comparing illumination data at the edges and center, the spatial gradient of illumination intensity caused by photovoltaic panels can be quantified.

[0103] Photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device 300: In this embodiment, the detection device is a temperature and humidity sensor. The sensor is installed in the soil of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. Corresponding to the light sensor, at least one photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device 300 is buried in both the edge and central areas of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0104] Sensor probes in the edge areas are buried in the soil of the "humid zone" to monitor high humidity environments caused by concentrated rainfall.

[0105] Sensor probes in the central region are buried in the soil of the "arid zone" to monitor the relatively dry environment caused by incomplete compensation due to shading and reduced evaporation.

[0106] This distribution can accurately capture the significant differences in soil moisture and temperature between the "humid zone" and the "arid zone".

[0107] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic simulation module further includes an adjustment element 800 connected to the photovoltaic panel simulation element 900, the adjustment element 800 being capable of adjusting at least one of the tilt angle and height of the photovoltaic panel simulation element 900.

[0108] In these embodiments, to enhance the flexibility and applicability of the test apparatus and enable it to simulate photovoltaic power plant environments with different design parameters, the photovoltaic simulation module further includes an adjustment element 800 in this embodiment.

[0109] Structure and connection of the adjusting component 800: The adjusting component 800 is connected to the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900. In this embodiment, the adjusting component 800 adopts an adjustable support system, specifically including:

[0110] Height adjustment mechanism: For example, it consists of multi-section telescopic columns (such as sleeve-type aluminum alloy columns) and locking bolts. By adjusting the telescopic length of the columns and locking them, the installation height of the photovoltaic panel simulator 900 above the ground can be changed.

[0111] Angle adjustment mechanism: For example, it consists of a pivot hinged to the top of the bracket and an adjustable support rod (such as a threaded rod or hydraulic rod). By adjusting the length of the support rod or the fixed position of the pivot, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel simulation element 900 relative to the horizontal plane can be changed.

[0112] Adjusting the tilt angle: By changing the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 using the adjusting component 800 (for example, typical angles such as 15°, 30°, and 45° can be set), the effects of different tilt angles on the following factors can be studied:

[0113] Shading range and light distribution: The tilt angle affects the length and shape of the shaded area.

[0114] Rainfall runoff pattern: The width and water collection intensity of the "wet zone" are closely related to the slope angle of the slab. The larger the slope angle, the faster the water flow velocity, which may affect the formation of the "wet zone".

[0115] Adjusting the installation height: By changing the ground height of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 using the adjusting component 800, the effects of different heights on the following factors can be studied:

[0116] Ventilation conditions and wind speed: Height affects air circulation in the space under the slab.

[0117] Light transmittance: Height may affect the amount of light transmitted at the edges.

[0118] The spatial scale of the "humid zone" and the "arid zone" greatly influences the distribution range of the droplet.

[0119] The 800 adjustment unit supports simultaneous or independent adjustment of tilt angle and height, thereby simulating various actual or optimized photovoltaic array installation schemes and providing an experimental platform for studying the ecological impact of different power plant designs.

[0120] Example: In a comparative experiment, the photovoltaic panel simulator 900 can be set to a low height and small tilt angle, run for a period of time, and data can be collected. Then, the simulator can be adjusted to a high height and large tilt angle using the adjustment device 800, and another set of experiments can be conducted under the same conditions. By comparing the two sets of data, the impact of changes in installation parameters on vegetation growth can be evaluated.

[0121] In some embodiments, the adjusting member 800 includes an angle adjusting part 810 and a lifting adjusting part 820. The angle adjusting part 810 is connected to the photovoltaic panel simulation member 900. The angle adjusting part 810 can adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel simulation member 900. The lifting adjusting part 820 is connected to the angle adjusting part 810. The lifting adjusting part 820 can adjust the height of the angle adjusting part 810 and the photovoltaic panel simulation member 900.

[0122] In these embodiments, the adjusting member 800 adopts a split design, specifically including an angle adjusting part 810 and a height adjusting part 820.

[0123] Angle adjustment unit 810: This component is directly connected to the photovoltaic panel simulator 900. Its main function is to provide a mounting platform with a variable tilt angle.

[0124] Lifting adjustment unit 820: This component is connected to the angle adjustment unit 810 and serves as the supporting base for the angle adjustment unit 810. The top of the lifting adjustment unit 820 supports and fixes the angle adjustment unit 810, while its bottom is fixed to the ground or a stable base.

[0125] The overall connection chain consists of: photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, angle adjustment unit 810, lifting adjustment unit 820, and base. This hierarchical connection structure ensures functional independence and precise adjustment.

[0126] The angle adjustment unit 810 can adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900. In this embodiment, the angle adjustment unit 810 adopts a hinged pivot mechanism. The photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 is hinged to the frame of the angle adjustment unit 810 via a horizontal pivot. The frame is provided with an arc-shaped groove or an angle scale. By adjusting one end of a support rod (such as a telescopic screw or hydraulic rod) fixed to the back of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, and the other end sliding and locking within the arc-shaped groove, stepless or stepped adjustment of the tilt angle (θ) (e.g., from 0° to 60°) can be achieved. The angle scale facilitates accurate reading and setting of the tilt angle.

[0127] The lifting adjustment unit 820 can adjust the overall height of the angle adjustment unit 810 and the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900. In this embodiment, the lifting adjustment unit 820 adopts a sleeve-type telescopic column. It is composed of multiple nested tubular columns with different outer diameters, and adjacent columns can slide relative to each other. The overall height can be adjusted by fixing it at different height positions through a locking mechanism (such as a lateral locking bolt or quick-release pin). For example, the installation height can be adjusted from 1.5 meters to 3.0 meters.

[0128] The operator can independently operate the angle adjustment unit 810 to change the tilt angle without changing the overall height; conversely, the operator can change the height using only the lifting adjustment unit 820 while maintaining the tilt angle. This independence greatly facilitates the design of control experiments.

[0129] When it is necessary to change the tilt angle and height simultaneously, the two adjustment parts can be operated in sequence to achieve precise control of the spatial attitude of the photovoltaic panel simulator 900.

[0130] In some embodiments, there are multiple photovoltaic simulation modules, which are spaced apart at least along a first direction of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110, and the lifting adjustment part is movable to adjust the spacing between adjacent photovoltaic simulation modules.

[0131] In these embodiments, to simulate the continuity of photovoltaic arrays in actual photovoltaic power plants and their spatial cumulative effects on the microenvironment (such as large-area shading, wind shadow effect, and precipitation distribution patterns), the number of photovoltaic simulation modules in this embodiment is multiple (e.g., 2, 3, or more).

[0132] Multiple photovoltaic simulation modules (each module includes a photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, a thermal radiation simulation component 1000, an adjustment component 800, etc.) are spaced apart at least along the first direction of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0133] First direction: This usually refers to the main extension direction of the photovoltaic array. In actual photovoltaic power plants, this is often the long side direction of the photovoltaic panels or the arrangement direction of the array. In this device, the first direction is the length direction of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110.

[0134] A certain horizontal spacing is maintained between adjacent photovoltaic simulation modules. The initial spacing can be set according to standard photovoltaic array design (e.g., considering shading and maintenance access).

[0135] Crucially, the lifting adjustment unit 820 in this embodiment is movable, which is the basis for realizing the spacing adjustment.

[0136] Guide rails 830 are laid on the ground along a first direction in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. Each lifting adjustment unit 820 has a slider or roller that matches the guide rail 830 installed at its bottom.

[0137] The lifting adjustment unit 820 can be pushed or pulled along the guide rail 830 by a manual or electric / hydraulic drive device, thereby driving the angle adjustment unit 810 above it and the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 to move as a whole. After reaching the target position, the lifting adjustment unit 820 is fixed to the guide rail 830 by a locking mechanism (such as a positioning pin or clamping bolt on the rail).

[0138] By moving adjacent photovoltaic (PV) simulation modules, the spacing between them can be adjusted. For example, the spacing can be adjusted from 2 meters to 4 meters, or from 4 meters to 1 meter.

[0139] By changing the spacing, power plant environments with different land occupancy rates or photovoltaic panel coverage densities can be simulated. Small spacing (high density) simulates environments with strong shading and weak ventilation; large spacing (low density) simulates environments with sufficient sunlight and good ventilation.

[0140] Example: In a study, three photovoltaic simulation modules can be arranged with a spacing of S1 = 3m, the experiment can be run, and data can be collected. Then, the locking mechanism of the lifting adjustment unit 820 can be unlocked, the modules can be moved along the guide rail 830, the spacing can be adjusted to S2 = 1.5m, and the experiment can be run again. By comparing the vegetation growth and soil data under different spacings, the impact of photovoltaic array density on the ecology can be assessed.

[0141] In some embodiments, this application also provides a test method for testing the impact of photovoltaic power on vegetation growth, applied to the test apparatus for testing the impact of photovoltaic power on vegetation growth as described in any of the above embodiments, the test method comprising the following steps:

[0142] Step S100: Plant target vegetation of the same scale and parameters in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 and the control vegetation planting area 410; wherein, the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 includes a central planting area and an edge planting area.

[0143] These embodiments involve vegetation planting and initial setup.

[0144] Within photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 and control vegetation planting area 410, target vegetation with the same scale parameters was planted. Here, "same scale parameters" means that key parameters such as vegetation species, varieties, planting density, initial plant height, initial biomass, and planting date are completely identical.

[0145] The photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 is clearly divided into a central planting area and an edge planting area. The central planting area corresponds to the central area directly below the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, which simulates the "arid zone" under the actual photovoltaic panel.

[0146] Edge planting area: This corresponds to the area near the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, which simulates the "wet zone" under the actual photovoltaic panel.

[0147] Start the experimental device, and set and run the photovoltaic simulation module (adjust the tilt angle and height of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900, and turn on the thermal radiation simulation component 1000), the precipitation simulation system (set the spraying program of the photovoltaic precipitation simulation module and the control precipitation simulation module 500) and the environmental monitoring module according to the experimental design, and start simulating the target photovoltaic microenvironment and the natural environment.

[0148] Step S200: Samples are taken from the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area 410 respectively, and vegetation sample data and environmental sample data of the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area 410 are obtained. The vegetation sample data includes the biomass of the vegetation.

[0149] These embodiments involve sample collection and data acquisition.

[0150] Samples are collected after a pre-set experimental period (e.g., one growing season, 3 months, or 6 months).

[0151] Samples were taken from the central planting area, the peripheral planting area, and the control planting area 410.

[0152] The sampling content includes:

[0153] Vegetation sample data: Representative plant samples were collected, and key growth indicators were measured and recorded. Vegetation sample data includes vegetation biomass. Specifically, multiple quadrats (e.g., 1m × 1m) were randomly selected within each region (C, E, 102). All aboveground vegetation within the quadrats was harvested, dried in an oven (e.g., 75℃) to constant weight, and the dry biomass per unit area (g / m²) was measured. 2 In addition, other data such as plant height, canopy coverage, and leaf area index can also be collected.

[0154] Environmental sample data: Soil samples were collected for analysis of soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content), organic matter, pH value, and microbial community. Simultaneously, continuous data recorded by the environmental monitoring module during the experimental period, such as average / cumulative light intensity and soil temperature and humidity variation curves for each area, were retrieved as background environmental data.

[0155] Step S300: Based on the biomass of the vegetation, obtain the relative inhibition rates of the central planting area and the peripheral planting area respectively.

[0156] In these embodiments, the calculation of the relative inhibition rate is involved.

[0157] Based on the biomass of the vegetation, the relative inhibition rates of the central planting area and the peripheral planting area relative to the control planting area 410 were calculated.

[0158] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0159] Relative inhibition rate of the central planting area = [(biomass of the control area - biomass of the central area) / biomass of the control area] × 100%.

[0160] Relative inhibition rate of the marginal planting area = [(biomass of the control area - biomass of the marginal area) / biomass of the control area] × 100%.

[0161] This relative inhibition rate quantifies the degree to which photovoltaic environments (particularly in the "arid zone" and "humid zone") inhibit vegetation growth. Positive values ​​indicate inhibition, while negative values ​​indicate promotion (i.e., higher biomass than the control area).

[0162] Step S400: Compare the relative inhibition rate with a preset inhibition threshold, and obtain the degree of inhibition of vegetation growth in the central planting area and the edge planting area based on the comparison result.

[0163] These embodiments involve the assessment of the degree of inhibition and the acquisition of results.

[0164] The calculated relative inhibition rate is compared with the preset inhibition threshold.

[0165] The "preset inhibition threshold" can be set according to the research purpose or the vegetation tolerance. For example, 10% can be set as the mild inhibition threshold, 30% as the moderate inhibition threshold, and 50% as the severe inhibition threshold.

[0166] Based on the comparison results, the degree of inhibition of vegetation growth in the central planting area and the peripheral planting area was obtained.

[0167] For example:

[0168] Plotting the two-factor influence matrix:

[0169]

[0170] If the relative inhibition rate of the central planting area is 45%, and the preset inhibition thresholds are: mild <10%, moderate 10%-30%, and severe >30%, then the central planting area is determined to be "severely inhibited".

[0171] If the relative inhibition rate of the edge planting area is 8%, then the edge planting area is judged as "mildly inhibited".

[0172] If the relative inhibition rate of the edge planting area is -5% (i.e., the biomass of the edge area is higher than that of the control area), it is judged as "promoting growth", meaning there is no effect.

[0173] Results: For example, this method concludes that the "arid zone" (central planting area) under the photovoltaic panels severely inhibits the growth of the target vegetation, while the "humid zone" (peripheral planting area) only causes mild inhibition or even promotes it. This clearly reveals that precipitation redistribution is a key driving factor affecting the distribution of vegetation under the panels.

[0174] Example 1: Parameter Optimization Study: With other conditions fixed, change the tilt angle (θ) of the photovoltaic panel simulation component 900 or the spacing between adjacent modules, and repeat the above steps. By comparing the relative inhibition rate of the central planting area and the relative inhibition rate of the edge planting area under different parameters, the optimal combination of tilt angle and spacing that minimizes the overall inhibition rate (or maximizes the promoting effect) can be found.

[0175] Example 2: Species screening: This method was applied to various candidate vegetation types to screen out dominant species that had low inhibition rates in the "arid zone" or significant promoting effects in the "humid zone," providing a basis for species selection for ecological restoration under photovoltaic power station panels.

[0176] In some embodiments, the test method further includes:

[0177] Based on the biomass of the central planting area and the edge planting area, the average biomass of the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained;

[0178] The average biomass value was compared with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area 410, and the degree of inhibition of vegetation growth in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 was obtained based on the comparison results.

[0179] In these embodiments, the average biomass and overall inhibition assessment are calculated.

[0180] After obtaining biomass data from the central and peripheral planting areas, the average biomass of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 was calculated based on the biomass of these two areas.

[0181] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0182] The average biomass of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 = (biomass of the central planting area × area of ​​the central area + biomass of the peripheral planting area × area of ​​the peripheral area) / total area of ​​the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110. (Note: If the areas of the central area and the peripheral area are equal, it can be simplified to (biomass of the central area + biomass of the peripheral area) / 2)

[0183] The calculated average biomass was compared with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area 410.

[0184] Based on the comparison results, the overall degree of vegetation growth inhibition in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 is obtained.

[0185] By directly comparing the numerical values, a qualitative conclusion can be drawn: "overall inhibition", "overall promotion" or "no significant difference".

[0186] For example, calculate the mean biomass and compare it with the control group. If the mean decreases by at least 20%, it is considered a significant inhibition. If the mean decreases by at least 10%, the effect is considered negligible.

[0187] In some embodiments, the effectiveness of water diversion is verified. For example, if the humidity in the edge planting area is higher than that in the center planting area by a margin of not less than 10%, and the biomass in the center planting area is lower than that in the edge planting area by a margin of not less than 15%, then it is demonstrated that water diversion alleviates shading damage.

[0188] parameter Safety threshold Risk threshold (intervention required) Light intensity >600μmol / m2 / s <400μmol / m2 / s Soil moisture >18％ <12％ biomass <15％ >25％

[0189] In some embodiments, comparing the average biomass with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area 410 includes:

[0190] Based on the average biomass and the biomass of the control vegetation planting area 410, the rate of decline of the average biomass and the biomass of the control vegetation planting area 410 is calculated, and the rate of decline is compared with a preset decline threshold.

[0191] In these embodiments, the average biomass and overall inhibition assessment are calculated.

[0192] After obtaining biomass data from the central and peripheral planting areas, the average biomass of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 was calculated based on the biomass of these two areas.

[0193] The calculation formula is as follows:

[0194] Average biomass of photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 = (Biomass of central planting area × Area of ​​central area + Biomass of peripheral planting area × Area of ​​peripheral area) / Total area of ​​photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110

[0195] The average biomass value was compared with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area 410, specifically including:

[0196] The rate of decline was calculated based on the average biomass and the biomass of the control vegetation planting area 410.

[0197] Formula for calculating the rate of decline:

[0198] Decrease rate = [(Biomass of control vegetation planting area 410 - Average biomass) / Biomass of control vegetation planting area 410] × 100%

[0199] The calculated rate of decline is compared with the preset decline threshold.

[0200] The "preset decline threshold" can be set according to research objectives or ecological standards. For example, it can be set as follows:

[0201] Decrease rate <10%: Slight effect. 10% ≤ Decrease rate <30%: Moderate inhibition. Decrease rate ≥30%: Severe inhibition.

[0202] Based on the comparison results, the overall degree of vegetation growth inhibition in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area 110 is obtained.

[0203] In some embodiments, the test method further includes:

[0204] Environmental sample data of the central planting area, the edge planting area and the control vegetation planting area 410 are obtained; wherein, the vegetation sample data also includes the vegetation coverage rate, and the environmental sample data includes light intensity and soil moisture;

[0205] Based on the vegetation sample data and environmental sample data of the control vegetation planting area 410, the scores of the central planting area and the peripheral planting area are respectively calculated.

[0206] The scores of the central planting area and the edge planting area are compared with the pre-designed score thresholds, and the growth risk level of the vegetation in the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained based on the comparison results.

[0207] In these embodiments, vegetation growth risk scoring assessment is based on multiple factors.

[0208] After sample collection, environmental sample data were obtained from the central planting area, the peripheral planting area, and the control planting area (410). Vegetation sample data also included vegetation cover (which could be measured using the quadratic method or image analysis).

[0209] Environmental sample data includes light intensity. Evaluation criteria are established based on the vegetation sample data (biomass, cover) and environmental sample data (light intensity, soil moisture) of the control vegetation planting area 410. The data from the control area represent the growth status of the vegetation under ideal (natural) conditions, and all its indicators are considered as "healthy" or "risk-free" benchmark values.

[0210] Scoring is performed separately for the central planting area and the peripheral planting area.

[0211] Scoring principle: As an example, points are deducted or added based on the degree to which each indicator deviates from the benchmark value. The greater the deviation, the more points are deducted (the higher the risk).

[0212] Regional total score = Biomass score + Cover score + Light intensity score + Soil moisture score. (Note: Weighting can be adjusted according to vegetation type and research focus; for example, the weight of light intensity can be increased for light-loving plants.)

[0213] The scores for the central planting area and the peripheral planting area were compared with the pre-designed score thresholds.

[0214] "Pre-designed threshold scores" can be categorized based on risk level. For example:

[0215] Scoring of the central and peripheral planting areas (0-5 points each, 15 points in total):

[0216]

[0217] Application of results:

[0218] ≥12 points: Good ecological compatibility (no adjustment required)

[0219] 8-11 points: Moderate risk (recommendation for observation)

[0220] ≤7 points: High risk (requires raising the support structure or replanting shade-tolerant grasses).

[0221] Based on the comparison results, the growth risk level of vegetation in the central planting area and the peripheral planting area is obtained, enabling rapid on-site diagnosis.

[0222] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations; therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0223] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0224] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for testing the impact of photovoltaics on vegetation growth, characterized in that, The test apparatus includes: The photovoltaic planting module and the natural planting module are provided, wherein the photovoltaic influence module has a photovoltaic vegetation planting area and the natural control module has a control vegetation planting area. At least one photovoltaic simulation module, the photovoltaic simulation module including a photovoltaic panel simulation component and a thermal radiation simulation component, the photovoltaic panel simulation component being disposed above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area to simulate the photovoltaic panel shading the photovoltaic vegetation planting area; the thermal radiation simulation component being disposed in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area to simulate thermal radiation to the photovoltaic vegetation planting area; A photovoltaic precipitation simulation module is used to spray irrigation water onto the photovoltaic panel simulation component above the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, so that the irrigation water can form a precipitation form after the photovoltaic panel is blocked by the photovoltaic panel after falling on the photovoltaic panel simulation component. A control precipitation simulation module is used to simulate natural precipitation in the control vegetation planting area.

2. The experimental apparatus for testing the impact of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 1, characterized in that, The experimental device also includes a photovoltaic environment monitoring module, which includes a photovoltaic light intensity detector and a photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector. Both the photovoltaic light intensity detector and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector are installed in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area. The photovoltaic light intensity detector acquires the heat radiation intensity of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector acquires the temperature and humidity of the soil in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area. The experimental apparatus also includes a control environment monitoring module, which includes a control light intensity detector and a control soil temperature and humidity detector. Both the control light intensity detector and the control soil temperature and humidity detector are installed in the control vegetation planting area. The control light intensity detector acquires the heat radiation intensity of the control vegetation planting area, and the control soil temperature and humidity detector acquires the temperature and humidity of the soil in the control vegetation planting area.

3. The experimental apparatus for testing the impact of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic light intensity detection device is a light intensity sensor. The photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device is located below the photovoltaic panel simulation device. The photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device is a temperature and humidity sensor. The photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device is located in the soil of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area. The control light intensity detection device is a light intensity sensor, the control soil temperature and humidity detection device is set above the control vegetation planting area, the control soil temperature and humidity detection device is a temperature and humidity sensor, and the control soil temperature and humidity detection device is set in the soil of the control vegetation planting area.

4. The experimental apparatus for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic light intensity detection device and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detection device are set at the edge of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area; The photovoltaic light intensity detector and the photovoltaic soil temperature and humidity detector are also installed in the middle of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area.

5. The experimental apparatus for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic simulation module also includes an adjustment component connected to the photovoltaic panel simulation component, which is capable of adjusting at least one of the tilt angle and height of the photovoltaic panel simulation component.

6. The experimental apparatus for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjusting component includes an angle adjusting part and a lifting adjusting part. The angle adjusting part is connected to the photovoltaic panel simulation component, and the angle adjusting part can adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel simulation component. The lifting adjusting part is connected to the angle adjusting part, and the lifting adjusting part can adjust the height of the angle adjusting part and the photovoltaic panel simulation component.

7. The experimental apparatus for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number of photovoltaic simulation modules is multiple, and the multiple photovoltaic simulation modules are arranged at least at intervals along the first direction of the photovoltaic vegetation planting area, and the lifting adjustment part is movable to adjust the spacing between adjacent photovoltaic simulation modules.

8. A test method for evaluating the impact of photovoltaic power on vegetation growth, characterized in that, An experimental apparatus for testing the effects of photovoltaic power on vegetation growth as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the experimental method comprises: The photovoltaic vegetation planting area and the control vegetation planting area are planted with target vegetation of the same scale and parameters; wherein, the photovoltaic vegetation planting area includes a central planting area and an edge planting area; Samples were taken from the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area, respectively, and vegetation sample data and environmental sample data were obtained from the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area. The vegetation sample data included the biomass of the vegetation. Based on the biomass of the vegetation, the relative inhibition rates of the central planting area and the peripheral planting area were obtained respectively. The relative inhibition rate is compared with a preset inhibition threshold, and the degree of inhibition of vegetation growth in the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained based on the comparison results.

9. The test method for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 8, characterized in that, The test method also includes: Based on the biomass of the central planting area and the edge planting area, the average biomass of the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained; The average biomass value was compared with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area, and the degree of inhibition of vegetation growth in the photovoltaic vegetation planting area was obtained based on the comparison results.

10. The experimental method for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 9, characterized in that, The comparison of the average biomass with the biomass of the control vegetation planting area includes: Based on the average biomass and the biomass of the control vegetation planting area, the rate of decline of the average biomass and the biomass of the control vegetation planting area is calculated, and the rate of decline is compared with a preset decline threshold.

11. The test method for testing the effect of photovoltaics on vegetation growth according to claim 8, characterized in that, The test method also includes: Environmental sample data of the central planting area, the edge planting area, and the control vegetation planting area are obtained; wherein, the vegetation sample data also includes vegetation coverage, and the environmental sample data includes light intensity and soil moisture; Based on the vegetation sample data and environmental sample data of the control vegetation planting area, the scores of the central planting area and the peripheral planting area are respectively calculated. The scores of the central planting area and the edge planting area are compared with the pre-designed score thresholds, and the growth risk level of the vegetation in the central planting area and the edge planting area is obtained based on the comparison results.

Images