A laser cutting device for processing metal materials

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of laser cutting, in particular to a laser cutting device for metal material processing, which comprises a laser cutting execution component and a controller, the laser cutting execution component comprises a vertical support stand column, the top end position of the vertical support stand column is connected with a transverse moving sliding table, the outer side position of the transverse moving sliding table is connected with a vertical lifting sliding table, the outer side position of the vertical lifting sliding table is connected with a laser processing head, and the inner side position of the vertical support stand column is connected with a transverse support beam; the design makes the device have the local temperature sensing and the compression position following capability which can change with the cutting direction in real time, the device can be actively aligned to the cutting area before cutting, the asynchronous error between detection and pressure is eliminated, the device can dynamically control the heat input and the compression force according to the actual state of the plate, the secondary deformation induced or intensified by the thermal effect is reduced from the source, and the initiative and reliability of deformation inhibition are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, specifically to a laser cutting device for processing metal materials. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting has become the mainstream process for metal sheet processing due to its advantages such as high cutting precision, high speed and wide applicability to materials. However, during the cutting of thin plates, the high energy input of the laser beam will cause a sharp temperature gradient in the cutting area, which will lead to warping and sagging deformation of the plate, seriously affecting the flatness and dimensional accuracy of the cut surface, and even causing the cutting to be interrupted. Chinese patent application CN121245267A, published on November 15, 2024, discloses a laser cutting device for metal sheets, including a body, a power box, and a cutting head. A hollow base is mounted on the power box, and a mounting sleeve passes vertically through its interior. Two rollers are located at the lower end of the mounting sleeve, with a drive wheel fixed externally, and internal threads within the sleeve's cavity. A support plate is located above the hollow base, and a guide mechanism is provided between them. The support plate and the mounting sleeve are connected via an axial synchronizing element, and a rotary drive mechanism is mounted on the support plate. The cutting head passes vertically through the interior of the mounting sleeve, with external threads on its outer side. An angle limiting mechanism is provided between the cutting head and the hollow base. This laser cutting device for metal sheets features three cutting modes and has a wide range of applications. When cutting flat sheets, it keeps the cutting area flat, improving cutting accuracy and quality. The rollers enable curved surface tracking, allowing for efficient cutting of curved sheets. This laser cutting device for metal sheets has a scientifically sound structure and low manufacturing and operating costs. However, during the actual cutting process, the heat energy input carried by the laser will further aggravate the release process of residual stress inside the plate. This causes the area that has been deformed by mechanical means to undergo uncontrollable secondary deformation under the strong local thermal cycle. This additional deformation induced by thermal effect means that when the device is facing a plate with initial internal stress, the roller may not be able to form effective contact with the plate surface, and the clamping force cannot be accurately transmitted to the key area that needs to suppress deformation, thus causing clamping failure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a laser cutting device for metal material processing, thereby solving the problem of clamping failure and affecting cutting quality caused by secondary deformation induced by thermal effects in the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a laser cutting device for metal material processing, comprising a laser cutting execution component and a controller. The laser cutting execution component includes a vertical support column, a transverse moving slide table disposed at the top of the vertical support column, a vertical lifting slide table disposed outside the transverse moving slide table, and a laser processing head disposed outside the vertical lifting slide table. A transverse support beam is connected to the inner side of the vertical support column; it also includes: The front-angle adjustable detection component includes a lateral mounting bracket fixed to the side of the laser processing head and a rotation drive component mounted on the lateral mounting bracket. The rotation drive component is used to drive the detection probe and the pressure end to perform angular displacement deflection so as to synchronously adjust the detection angle and the pressure position. A progressive pressure application assembly includes a pressure drive connected to the pressure application end and a pressure transmission roller rotatably disposed at the output end of the pressure drive. The pressure drive is used to drive the pressure transmission roller to apply a real-time adjustable pressure force to the cutting area of ​​the metal sheet. The variable base distance detection assembly includes a detection mounting frame fixed to the outside of the transverse moving slide and a spacing adjustment component symmetrically arranged on both sides of the detection mounting frame. The spacing adjustment component is used to drive multiple sensors to move closer or further away from each other synchronously to adjust the detection base distance. The follow-up top support assembly includes a support mounting frame slidably mounted on the top of the transverse support beam and a movable support beam disposed on the support mounting frame. The movable support beam is used to cooperate with the pressure transmission roller below the cutting area to provide reverse support. The linear feed drive assembly includes a transmission connector that is slidably mounted on the top of the transverse support beam and slidably engaged with the follower top support assembly. The transmission connector is used to drive the follower top support assembly to move linearly along the cutting feed direction. The heat-conducting component includes a heat dissipation channel and an air-cooling drive component disposed inside the pressure transmission roller; the air-cooling drive component is used to drive airflow within the heat dissipation channel to actively cool the pressure transmission roller. The controller is electrically connected to the front angle adjustable detection component, the progressive pressure application component, the variable base distance detection component, the follow-up top support component, and the linear feed drive component, respectively, and is used to control the action timing and output parameters of each component in a closed loop according to the detection data.

[0005] Specifically, the front angle adjustable detection component includes lateral mounting brackets fixedly connected to both sides of the laser processing head. A bidirectional drive motor is fixedly installed inside the lateral mounting brackets. A front infrared temperature sensor is fixedly connected to the top drive end of the bidirectional drive motor. An extension transmission link is fixedly connected to the bottom drive end of the bidirectional drive motor. A drive cylinder is fixedly installed on the side of the bottom end of the extension transmission link away from the bidirectional drive motor.

[0006] Specifically, the progressive pressure application assembly includes a clamping force sensor fixedly connected to the output end of the drive cylinder. An elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping force sensor, and a floating clamping slide is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the elastic buffer. The pressure transmission roller is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the floating clamping slide. The clamping force sensor is used to collect clamping force data in real time and feed it back to the controller. The controller adjusts the preload of the elastic buffer through the drive cylinder to achieve closed-loop control of the clamping force.

[0007] Specifically, the elastic buffer is a disc spring assembly, and the progressive pressure application assembly also includes a clamping bracket fixedly connected to the drive cylinder and a mounting base fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping bracket. The outer side of the floating clamping slide is slidably sleeved in the mounting base, and the top end of the mounting base is fixedly connected to the top end of the disc spring assembly.

[0008] Specifically, the follow-up top support assembly includes linear guide rails fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the transverse support beam. A second rack is fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the transverse support beam. A travel limit post is movably connected inside one of the transverse support beams. A second drive gear is rotatably connected to the top of the travel limit post. The top of the second drive gear is rotatably connected to the support mounting frame. A limit slider is fixedly connected to the outside of the support mounting frame. The movable support beam is rotatably connected to the outside of the limit slider. A second drive motor is mounted on the top of the support mounting frame. The drive end of the second drive motor passes through the support mounting frame and is fixedly connected to the second drive gear. The second rack and the second drive gear are meshed.

[0009] Specifically, the linear feed drive assembly includes a transmission connecting plate slidably connected to the linear guide rail. A third drive gear is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the transmission connecting plate, and a third drive motor is mounted on the top end of the transmission connecting plate. The drive end of the third drive motor passes through the transmission connecting plate and is fixedly connected to the third drive gear. The third drive gear is meshed with the second rack. A support member is fixedly connected to the top end of the transmission connecting plate. A guide groove is provided inside the support member. The outer side of the movable support beam is slidably connected to the guide groove to realize the relative sliding and synchronous movement of the follower top support assembly and the linear feed drive assembly.

[0010] Specifically, one side of the limiting slider is slidably connected to one of the linear guide rails, and one end of the supporting member is slidably connected to the other linear guide rail.

[0011] Specifically, the inner wall of the pressure transmission roller is provided with a hollow heat dissipation layer and an outer roller recess is provided. The heat conduction component includes a brushless motor installed inside the pressure transmission roller. The output end of the brushless motor is fixedly connected to an annular pressure equalization chamber. Double helical reverse flow blades with opposite helical directions are fixed on the inner and outer sides of the annular pressure equalization chamber, respectively.

[0012] Specifically, a guide column extending axially is fixed at one end of the annular pressure equalizing cavity away from the brushless motor. The outer circumferential surface of the guide column is provided with continuously spirally distributed spiral guide grooves. An outer ring is fixed at one end of the guide column away from the annular pressure equalizing cavity. An annular gap forming an air circulation channel is reserved between the outer ring and the inner wall of the pressure transmission roller.

[0013] Specifically, one end of the pressure transmission roller is fixed with a protective net covering the air inlet and outlet areas. The variable base distance detection assembly includes two linear guide rods symmetrically slidably connected to both sides inside the detection mounting frame. A first rack is fixedly connected to the adjacent side of each of the two linear guide rods. A first drive gear is rotatably connected to the outer side of the detection mounting frame. The first drive gear meshes with both first racks simultaneously. A first drive motor is fixedly installed on the outer side of the detection mounting frame. The drive end of the first drive motor is fixedly connected to the first drive gear. An infrared thermometer and a deformation sensor are respectively installed on the outer side of the two linear guide rods.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. By fixing bidirectional drive motors to both sides of the laser processing head, ensuring their absolute synchronous movement, the top output shaft of the bidirectional drive motor directly drives the front infrared temperature sensor to rotate and align with the cutting edge. The bottom output shaft synchronously drives the extension transmission linkage and drive cylinder to rotate, causing the pressure transmission roller to align with the pressure application position. This design enables the device to sense localized temperatures that change in real time with the cutting direction and to follow the pressure application position. It can actively align with the area to be cut before cutting, eliminating asynchronous errors between detection and pressure application, simplifying the drive structure, and ensuring that the temperature monitoring point and the pressure application point are always located at the same position in front of the cutting path.

[0015] 2. The first drive motor drives the first drive gear to rotate, which simultaneously meshes with two first racks, causing two linear guide rods to slide synchronously in opposite directions along the detection mounting frame. This, in turn, causes the infrared thermometer and deformation sensor, respectively mounted on the two guide rods, to symmetrically adjust the detection base distance. This design allows the device to identify the location and degree of pre-deformation in advance, providing a basis for proactive decisions on subsequent clamping force and support position. The detection range is adaptable to different specifications of sheet metal, and the two sensors are always symmetrically distributed around the laser processing head, eliminating errors caused by unilateral detection. This allows for the acquisition of complete temperature distribution and deformation state data of the sheet metal before cutting.

[0016] 3. The third drive motor drives the third drive gear to rotate along the second rack, causing the support component to move along the Y-axis. This drives the movable support beam to feed in the cutting direction. Simultaneously, the second drive motor drives the second drive gear to rotate along the second rack, causing the support mounting frame to move along the Y-axis. This allows the movable support beam to slide within the guide groove, precisely reaching below the cutting area, forming a top-to-bottom support with the upper pressure transmission roller. This design allows the movable support beam to achieve two-dimensional follow-up at any position within the entire cutting plane, completely following the movement trajectory of the upper pressure point. It applies a support force equal to and opposite to the clamping force to the sheet metal. Even if the sheet metal has local pre-deformation causing surface unevenness, the upper floating clamping component and the lower follow-up support beam can work together to compensate for the gap, ensuring that the clamping force is effectively transmitted to the cutting area, while suppressing both upward warping and downward concavation deformation modes of the sheet metal.

[0017] 4. The controller receives temperature and deformation data from the detection components, predicts deformation risks, adjusts the detection and pressure application positions of the pressure application components, controls the cylinder to drive the pressure application components downward, and regulates the clamping force through a closed-loop control system using a pressure sensor. Simultaneously, it drives the lower support components to move below the cutting zone to form top support. During cutting, the laser parameters and cutting speed are dynamically adjusted based on the temperature sensor. This design allows the device to dynamically control the heat input and clamping force according to the actual state of the sheet material, reducing secondary deformation induced or exacerbated by thermal effects at the source, and significantly improving the initiative and reliability of deformation suppression.

[0018] 5. By setting up guide columns, spiral guide grooves, outer rings, and hollow heat dissipation layers, air flows along the axial and radial directions of the roller under the guidance of the spiral guide grooves and makes full contact with the hollow heat dissipation layer, thereby expanding the heat exchange area and improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency of the roller; the double spiral guide blades are arranged in opposite directions, which allows the internal air to be transported to both sides and then re-converged into the annular pressure equalization cavity area, thereby reducing local airflow turbulence and improving the uniformity of the airflow field. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the detection mounting frame structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral mounting bracket structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the extended transmission linkage structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the linear guide rod structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting component structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the stroke limiting post structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the control system logic of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the annular pressure equalization cavity structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide column structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Laser cutting execution component; 11. Vertical support column; 12. Horizontal moving slide; 13. Vertical lifting slide; 14. Laser processing head; 15. Horizontal support beam; 2. Front-mounted adjustable angle detection component; 21. Lateral mounting bracket; 22. Bidirectional drive motor; 23. Extension transmission link; 24. Drive cylinder; 25. Front-mounted infrared temperature sensor; 3. Progressive pressure application assembly; 31. Clamping bracket; 32. Mounting base; 33. Floating clamping slide; 34. Pressure transmission roller; 35. Disc spring assembly; 36. Clamping force sensor; 4. Variable base distance detection assembly; 41. Detection mounting bracket; 42. Linear guide rod; 43. First rack; 44. First drive gear; 45. Infrared thermometer; 46. Deformation sensor; 47. First drive motor 5. Follow-up top support assembly; 51. Linear guide rail; 52. Second rack; 53. Stroke limit post; 54. Second drive gear; 55. Support mounting bracket; 56. Limiting slider; 57. Movable support beam; 58. Second drive motor; 6. Linear feed drive assembly; 61. Transmission connecting plate; 62. Third drive gear; 63. Third drive motor; 64. Supporting component; 65. Guide groove; 7. Controller.

[0022] 8. Heat-conducting components; 81. Outer roller concave layer; 82. Brushless motor; 83. Annular pressure equalization chamber; 84. Double helical guide vanes; 85. Guide column; 86. Helical guide groove; 87. Outer ring; 88. Protective net; 89. Hollow heat dissipation layer; 34. Pressure transmission roller. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown in Embodiment 1: A laser cutting device for metal material processing, comprising a laser cutting execution component 1 and a main control brain controller 7; The laser cutting execution component 1 includes a vertical support column 11 that serves as the main load-bearing frame of the entire machine; Considering the high-frequency micro-vibration and inertial impact caused by the acceleration and deceleration of moving parts during the laser cutting process, the vertical support column 11 is preferably made of high-strength gray cast iron thick-walled rectangular steel pipe welded together. The top of the vertical support column 11 is rigidly connected to the horizontal moving slide 12, and the outer side of the horizontal moving slide 12 is equipped with a vertical lifting slide 13. The outer side of the vertical lifting slide 13 is rigidly connected to the laser processing head 14 through a precision flange. Furthermore, a transverse support beam 15 is horizontally connected to the inner side of the vertical support column 11. The transverse support beam 15 and the vertical support columns 11 on the left and right sides together form a closed-loop gantry frame structure. It should be noted that this high-rigidity gantry frame is a physical prerequisite for suppressing cutting deformation. The transverse moving slide 12 integrates a linear guide pair and a ball screw transmission system driven by a servo motor, realizing smooth and linear feed of the laser processing head 14 in the X-axis direction. The vertical lifting slide 13 also adopts a ball screw guide module, which is responsible for focus tracking and position compensation in the Z-axis direction, ensuring that the energy distribution of the laser beam in the thickness direction of the metal plate always maintains the best focusing state. This basic gantry structure can effectively resist the reaction torque generated when the pressure is applied by the pressure-applying components, and prevent the laser cutting head from undergoing microscopic spatial attitude deflection during operation; In order to obtain the complete physical state of the plate before the heat source is introduced, a global pre-scanning system is arranged at the front end of the feed.

[0025] In one feasible implementation, a variable base distance detection component 4 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the transverse moving slide 12. The variable base distance detection component 4 includes a detection mounting frame 41 fixedly connected to the outer side of the transverse moving slide 12 by a high-strength L-shaped connector. The detection mounting frame 41 has an overall inverted U-shaped structure, and two optical axis linear guide rods 42 are symmetrically and slidably fitted on the left and right sides of its inner top. In another embodiment, the two linear guide rods 42 are fastened to the adjacent sides by countersunk screws with first racks 43, and the outer side of the detection mounting bracket 41 is rotatably connected to the first drive gear 44 by flange bearings. The tooth profile of the first drive gear 44 is simultaneously tightly meshed with the left and right first racks 43. As a further improvement, a first drive motor 47 with a high-resolution absolute encoder is fixedly installed on the outside of the detection mounting bracket 41. The output drive end of the first drive motor 47 is coaxially fixedly connected to the first drive gear 44 through a keyless expansion sleeve, thereby eliminating the commutation gap caused by the keyway transmission. An infrared thermometer 45 and a deformation sensor 46 are rigidly installed at the lower ends of the two linear guide rods 42, respectively. It is worth noting that the design logic of this pre-detection component lies in symmetrical expansion and full coverage, when faced with metal plates of different widths; According to the preset plate specifications, the controller 7 sends a pulse signal to the first drive motor 47. The first drive motor 47 drives the first drive gear 44 to rotate in place. Based on the opposite symmetrical transmission principle of gear and rack, the rotational motion of the first drive gear 44 is converted into the uniform linear motion of the two first racks 43 on the left and right, which in turn pushes the two linear guide rods 42 to move away from or towards each other in opposite directions in sync. This mechanical structure ensures that the midpoint of the infrared thermometer 45 and the deformation sensor 46 always strictly coincides with the cutting center line of the laser processing head 14, regardless of how the detection base distance changes. The infrared temperature sensor 45 uses an array of infrared detection elements to non-contactly scan the surface of the metal sheet before cutting and draw a large-scale initial temperature field distribution map. The deformation sensor 46 is preferably a high-frequency laser triangular displacement sensor, which can depict the macroscopic contour undulation of the sheet surface in real time with micron-level precision. The two work together to thoroughly understand the deformation state of the residual stress in the sheet before cutting, providing reference data target points for the dynamic intervention of the subsequent active clamping system.

[0026] Example 2: To address the problem of secondary deformation induced by local thermal cycling and clamping failure caused by the inability of the clamping roller to make effective contact, conventional static clamping rollers cannot adapt to the dynamic transfer of the deformation area under complex curved cutting trajectories; To this end, this device is designed with an angular displacement follow-up and nonlinear progressive pressure system; In a preferred embodiment, the cylindrical outer shell of the laser processing head 14 is symmetrically and rigidly screwed with a front-angle adjustable detection component 2. The front angle adjustable detection component 2 includes a side mounting bracket 21 milled from aluminum alloy. A bidirectional drive motor 22 is fixedly installed inside the side mounting bracket 21. Furthermore, the bidirectional drive motor 22 adopts a customized coaxial dual output shaft servo motor structure. The rotor passes through both ends of the motor stator. The top drive shaft end is fixedly connected to the universal adjustment seat of the front infrared temperature sensor 25 through a precision coupling. The bottom drive shaft end is rigidly keyed to the extension transmission link 23. In one feasible embodiment, the extended transmission link 23 is crank-shaped, and a low-friction, high-response frequency drive cylinder 24 is vertically fixedly installed on the side of its bottom end away from the bidirectional drive motor 22. The piston rod end of the drive cylinder 24 serves as the power output node and is suspended and connected to the progressive pressure assembly 3. The piston rod output end of the drive cylinder 24 is first connected in series with a high-frequency dynamic clamping force sensor 36. This sensor adopts a strain gauge bridge structure, which can capture small pressure fluctuations in real time. The bottom force-bearing surface of the clamping force sensor 36 is fixedly connected with an elastic buffer, preferably a disc spring assembly 35. In another embodiment, a clamping and fixing bracket 31 is rigidly connected to the side wall of the stationary housing of the drive cylinder 24. The bottom end of the clamping and fixing bracket 31 extends into a mounting base 32 with a cylindrical guide slide cavity inside. As a further improvement, the outer circumferential surface of a cylindrical floating clamping slide 33 is slidably fitted into the inner cavity of the mounting base 32 with clearance fit. The surfaces between the two are polished and coated with solid grease to reduce sliding friction resistance. The top inner wall of the mounting base 32 is fixed to the top force-bearing surface of the disc spring assembly 35, while the bottom force-bearing surface of the disc spring assembly 35 directly presses against the top of the floating pressing slide 33. The bottom end of the floating pressing slide 33 is provided with a fork-shaped groove, and a pressure transmission roller 34 is rotatably connected in the groove through a bearing. The outer surface of the pressure transmission roller 34 is used to directly roll in contact with the metal plate. It should be noted that this component eliminates control delay from a mechanical structure perspective. When the laser head performs complex trajectory cutting in a two-dimensional plane, the bidirectional drive motor 22 rotates in real time according to the interpolation algorithm command of the controller 7. Due to the coaxial dual-axis output, the front infrared temperature sensor 25 at the top always rotates to align with the highest temperature-affected area at the forefront of the cutting path, while the extended transmission linkage 23 at the bottom rotates synchronously at the same angle, dragging the entire drive cylinder 24 and pressure transmission roller 34 to precisely deflect to the target pressure position directly below the detection point. This single-axis dual-drive achieves absolute spatial synchronization of detection and pressure application at the physical level, with zero error. When the plate is pressed down, the piston rod of the drive cylinder 24 extends and pushes the overall structure downward. Once the pressure transmission roller 34 contacts the plate surface that is arched and uneven due to thermal stress, the floating pressing slide 33 slides along the mounting base 32 with low resistance when it contacts the plate surface, thereby avoiding excessive pressure on the plate at the moment of contact. The floating pressing slide 33 will overcome gravity and move upward inside the mounting base 32. This displacement quickly compresses the disc spring assembly 35. The disc spring uses its variable stiffness nonlinear mechanical characteristics to absorb the hard impact caused by the unevenness of the plate within a very small compression stroke, and transmits the gradually increasing reaction force to the controller 7 through the pressing force sensor 36. The controller 7 uses a high-speed PID algorithm to regulate the electric proportional valve to change the intake pressure of the drive cylinder 24, so that the actual clamping force is precisely maintained within the set process force value range, realizing true flexible adaptive closed-loop pressure application, ensuring that the roller always firmly grips the deformed plate and completely preventing clamping failure.

[0027] Example 3: In response to the problem that the unilateral upper clamping cannot effectively support the sheet metal in the processing of thin sheets, which is caused by the exacerbation of internal stress release due to heat input, resulting in the sheet metal not only warping upwards but also collapsing downwards, this device introduces a dynamic support matrix under the sheet metal that can closely cooperate with the upper clamping point. In some embodiments of this application, on the left and right sides of the top plane of the transverse support beam 15 located in the space below the metal plate, two high-load-bearing linear guide rails 51 are fixed parallel to and along the Y-axis direction, and a second rack 52 is fixed parallel to and near the inner side of the guide rails. The follow-up top support assembly 5 includes a limiting slider 56 that is movably sleeved on one of the linear guide rails 51. The slider is filled with a ball circulation system to ensure smooth movement with low damping. Furthermore, the side of the limiting slider 56 is fixedly connected to the support mounting bracket 55 by welding or threaded connection. The second drive motor 58 is vertically mounted on the horizontal top plate of the support mounting bracket 55. The output shaft of the second drive motor 58 extends vertically downward and is connected to the second drive gear 54 under the linear limit of the internal stroke limiting column 53. The tooth surface of the second drive gear 54 is engaged with the second rack 52 fixed below. The rotation of the bottom stroke limiting column 53 is achieved by the drive of the second drive motor 58 to achieve the effect of linear movement. A movable support beam 57 with an I-shaped cross section is horizontally fixed at the outer side of the limiting slider 56 extending into the air. The beam is made of forged aluminum alloy and has a very large bending moment of inertia, which can withstand concentrated loads of hundreds of Newtons without micron-level deflection. In one feasible implementation, in order to achieve traction and follow-up in the Y-axis direction, the device is equipped with a linear feed drive assembly 6 on the right guide rail. The linear feed drive assembly 6 includes a transmission connecting plate 61 that is slidably connected to another linear guide rail 51 by a combination of four flange sliders. The bottom end of the transmission connecting plate 61 is rotatably connected to a third drive gear 62, and a third drive motor 63 that provides high torque is installed on its top flange surface. The high-speed shaft of the third drive motor 63 is connected to the third drive gear 62 and makes it mesh with the second rack 52 on the right side at all times. In another embodiment, a long strip-shaped support member 64 is fixed to the top of the transmission connecting plate 61, extending horizontally to the left. A guide groove 65 is milled through both ends of the support member 64 along the Y-axis direction. A self-lubricating wear-resistant slider is embedded on the outer wall of the suspended end of the movable support beam 57 on the left. The slider is slidably nested in the guide groove 65 in a tight clearance fit. It should be noted that this nested sliding guide structure perfectly solves the problem of dynamic alignment of the lower support component in a two-dimensional plane; When it is necessary to advance along the cutting direction, the controller 7 sends a synchronization command, the third drive motor 63 operates, and drives the entire linear feed drive assembly 6 to move forward along the right guide rail. Since the guide slide 65 is rigidly locked to the movable support beam 57 in the Y-axis direction, the linear feed drive assembly 6 will rigidly pull the entire follower top support assembly 5 to maintain absolute longitudinal synchronization with the laser head above in the Y-axis. At the same time, when the pressure point above is displaced in the width direction of the plate, the second drive motor 58 on the left side starts independently and drives the support mounting bracket 55 to make slight adjustments back and forth along the left guide rail through gear and rack transmission. At this time, the suspended end of the movable support beam 57 can slide freely in the X direction inside the guide groove 65 of the support member 64. This kinematic two-degree-of-freedom decoupling mechanism enables the movable support beam 57 to move freely and smoothly throughout the entire cutting plane. No matter how complex the curve coordinates of the upper pressure transmission roller 34 are, the movable support beam 57 can instantly slide to the orthogonal position directly below that point. When the upper roller presses down, the lower support beam provides a rigid reaction force that is vertically upward and equal in magnitude. This high-rigidity, top-and-bottom clamping mechanical model completely cuts off any spatial displacement in the vertical Z-axis direction that the plate may attempt to undergo due to thermal stress, fundamentally locking the physical conditions for secondary deformation to occur. Example 4: Due to the high energy input of the laser beam, a local high temperature of several thousand degrees will be generated near the cutting focal point. Although some heat is discharged with the molten slag, a large amount of heat flow is still absorbed by the pressure transmission roller 34 that is close to the cutting front edge in the form of heat conduction and strong heat radiation. As a further improvement, this application incorporates a highly efficient heat-conducting component 8 based on fluid dynamics principles into the internal structure of the pressure transmission roller 34. The pressure transmission roller 34 is designed as a thick-walled hollow rotating body. Its metal inner wall is machined by a CNC lathe to form regularly distributed outer roller recesses 81. These recesses not only greatly reduce the rotational inertia of the roller, but more importantly, they form a ring-shaped hollow heat dissipation layer 89 around the inner wall of the roller, converting the heat transfer path of the solid part of the roller into a convection heat exchange interface.

[0028] A miniature brushless motor 82 is suspended and fixed at the internal geometric center line of the pressure transmission roller 34 via a bracket made of highly heat-insulating material. Considering the rotation of the roller itself, the power supply line of the brushless motor 82 is brushless through a precision conductive slip ring set at the shaft end to ensure continuous and stable power transmission. In some embodiments of this application, the output shaft of the brushless motor 82 is rigidly connected to an annular pressure equalization cavity 83 made of a high thermal conductivity copper alloy and hollow inside via a coupling. Double helical reverse flow blades 84 are fixed on the outer circumferential wall and the inner circumferential hole surface of the annular pressure equalization cavity 83, and the helical angles of the inner blades and the outer blades are arranged in completely opposite directions. Furthermore, the annular pressure equalization chamber 83 is located away from one end of the brushless motor 82, and a guide column 85 is coaxially and integrally extended and fixed thereon. Multiple continuous and evenly distributed spiral guide grooves 86 are milled on the outer circumferential surface of the guide column 85 using a multi-axis machining center. In one feasible implementation, an outer ring 87 is tightly fitted around the outermost end of the guide column 85. The outer diameter of the outer ring 87 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure transmission roller 34. A uniform annular airflow channel is intentionally left between the two to serve as a jet convergence area for high-pressure airflow. On the open end faces of both ends of the pressure transmission roller 34, a protective net 88 with high dustproof and air permeability is fixed by set screws. It is worth noting that when the outer skin of the roller absorbs a large amount of heat radiation, causing the internal temperature to rise, the independently powered brushless motor 82 then runs at a high speed of several thousand revolutions per minute. The high-speed rotating annular equalizing chamber 83 drives two sets of double helical reverse flow blades 84 with opposite rotation directions to violently stir the internal air. This reverse-designed double-helix blade can not only break the dead zone of the airflow boundary layer caused by unidirectional rotation, but also form two opposing high-pressure convective air streams near the pressure equalization chamber, forcibly generating turbulence. Subsequently, the high-pressure turbulence is flung outward by centrifugal force and is then forced into the spiral guide groove 86 on the surface of the guide column 85. Under the tight physical space constraint of the spiral groove, the originally chaotic airflow is forced to advance at high speed along the spiral trajectory. Since the spiral line significantly extends the physical flow path of the fluid, the contact area and contact time between the cold air and the high-temperature inner wall of the roller in the hollow heat dissipation layer 89 are magnified many times. The heat convection exchange coefficient on the heat conduction surface rises sharply, absorbing a large amount of sensible heat and expanding in volume. Finally, it is squeezed out at high speed from the annular gap reserved in the outer ring 87 by the strong rear air pressure and discharged to the external cold environment through the end protective net 88. At the same time, the front protective net 88 continuously draws in new room temperature air under the negative pressure of the blades. This complete active air-cooling circulation system, from boundary layer disruption and turbulence generation to long-range spiral convection heat transfer, ensures that the surface temperature of the pressure transmission roller 34 is firmly locked below the safety threshold.

[0029] Example 5: The controller 7 can be a motion control PLC based on industrial Ethernet communication, such as the Siemens S7-1500 series or higher, and its internal software algorithm adopts a hierarchical decoupled closed-loop control architecture design. Pre-detection layer: This control layer module is specifically designed to interface with the variable base distance detection component 4. Through the integrated analog-to-digital conversion module (A / D module), it reads the 0-10V analog voltage signal (representing micro displacement fluctuations) output by the deformation sensor 46 and the digital communication temperature data of the infrared thermometer 45 in real time and at high speed. The system internally establishes a three-dimensional data matrix model of the initial state of the board and accurately locates the initial stress concentration area and pre-deformation excess area on the surface of the board through the built-in threshold comparison algorithm, and generates a risk heat map accordingly. Preprocessing decision layer: Once it is determined that there is a high deformation risk area ahead of the cutting path, this level module immediately generates multi-axis interpolation motion commands; The pressure and detection angles are adjusted by driving the bidirectional drive motor 22 through the pulse output terminal; At the same time, by using a high-speed cam synchronization algorithm, commands are sent to the bottom second drive motor 58 and the third drive motor 63 to control the lower follow-up top support component 5 to rush to the front of the risk zone along the pre-calculated spatial trajectory and wait in advance. Once the cutting operation is in progress, the front infrared temperature sensor 25 refreshes the transient temperature field data of the focal front edge to the controller 7 at a frequency of 100Hz or higher. The controller 7 uses the pre-embedded PID algorithm to calculate the temperature gradient rise rate in real time. If an overload of heat input is detected, it is very easy to induce explosive warping. The controller 7 immediately reduces the pulse duty cycle of the laser processing head 14 proportionally through the analog output channel, or increases the speed of the transverse feed motor to control the heat input from the thermodynamic source. At the same time, the clamping force sensor 36 feeds back the actual downward pressure value to the dedicated force control PID loop. The controller 7 outputs analog voltage to the high-speed electric proportional valve in real time, and finely adjusts the working chamber air pressure of the drive cylinder 24 in milliseconds to counteract the reaction force changes of the disc spring assembly 35, ensuring that no matter how the metal plate tries to move under thermal stress, the positive clamping force applied to it remains constant and unshakable.

[0030] This device is designed for laser cutting of thin metal sheets with internal residual stress. Its specific working principle and dynamic control process are as follows: Before the cutting process starts, the device first executes the full-domain data pre-acquisition timing sequence. The controller 7 initializes the coordinates of each axis and issues a synchronization command. The first drive motor 47 is powered on and runs, driving the first drive gear 44 to roll synchronously on the first racks 43 on both sides, thereby driving the two linear guide rods 42 to slide outward along the detection mounting frame 41. When the distance between the infrared temperature sensor 45 and the deformation sensor 46 is adjusted to match the width of the metal sheet to be processed, the motor stops running. Subsequently, the lateral moving slide 12 of the gantry structure and the feeding system below are started synchronously, pulling the entire variable base distance detection component 4 to perform a pre-scan along the surface of the plate. During this process, the deformation sensor 46 emits a high-frequency laser beam to continuously map the micro-undulation contour of the plate surface. The infrared thermometer 45 scans and records the initial thermal distribution state of the material surface. The collected continuous physical quantities are converted into digital signals by the digital-to-analog converter and continuously fed into the pre-detection analysis layer inside the controller 7. The system performs data calculation in the background to establish a virtual plate state model that includes the initial stress field and geometric defect distribution. When the system enters the formal cutting process and the laser head advances towards the predicted high-deformation-risk area, the device executes the hardware linkage timing sequence. The bidirectional drive motor 22 responds to the pulse command of the controller 7, and its top and bottom output shafts rotate coaxially and in the same direction. The top shaft drives the front infrared temperature sensor 25 to deflect, so that its field of view locks the high-temperature sensitive area at the leading edge of the cutting feed path. The bottom shaft drives the extension transmission link 23 to rotate, guiding the drive cylinder 24 and the progressive pressure component 3 assembled at the end to the space directly below the sensor monitoring point. This coaxial drive mechanism realizes the orthogonal alignment of the temperature detection target point and the mechanical pressure target point in the two-dimensional plane, so as to eliminate the path tracking error caused by the change of cutting direction. Meanwhile, the servo drive mechanism under the worktable operates synchronously: the third drive motor 63 drives the gear to roll on the rack, pushing the support member 64 to move longitudinally along the guide rail in the Y-axis direction, keeping it synchronized with the longitudinal coordinate of the upper laser processing head 14; the second drive motor 58 synchronously drives the support mounting bracket 55 to move along the Y-axis transverse slide rail, so that the movable support beam 57 performs tangential displacement inside the guide groove 65 of the support member 64, and the movable support beam 57 moves smoothly in the two-dimensional space under the plate and is precisely positioned directly below the upper pressure area, constructing a corresponding clamping constraint state between the upper and lower parts; After the upper and lower hardware coordinates are aligned, the clamping program intervenes. The electric proportional valve fills the air chamber of the drive cylinder 24 with air according to the preset process parameters. The cylinder piston rod pushes the progressive pressure assembly 3 downward as a whole. When the pressure transmission roller 34 contacts the unevenness of the plate surface, the floating clamping slide 33 slides upward along the inner cavity of the mounting base 32. This upward displacement compresses the disc spring group 35 at the top. The disc spring group 35 uses its nonlinear stiffness characteristics to generate resistance force. At the same time, the strain gauge clamping force sensor 36 captures the pressure signal and feeds it back to the force control closed loop of the controller 7 at high frequency. The controller 7 uses the PID algorithm to finely adjust the output pressure of the electric proportional valve in real time, thereby dynamically adjusting the working chamber air pressure of the drive cylinder 24, and keeping the rolling pressure applied by the pressure transmission roller 34 to the plate surface constant at the set threshold to avoid rigid impact damage to the plate. When the laser processing head 14 releases a high-energy beam to perform melting and cutting, local metal expands due to heat and generates thermal stress. At this time, the front infrared temperature sensor 25 collects the temperature gradient signal at the cutting edge in real time. If the controller 7 detects that the temperature rise slope exceeds the safety threshold, it will reduce the output power by adjusting the pulse width modulation signal of the laser or increase the running speed of the feed motor to reduce the heat input per unit area and suppress thermal deformation from the source. When the cutting thermal stress causes the plate to attempt macroscopic twisting in the Z-axis direction, the upper disc spring group 35 and the floating clamping slide 33 perform micro-adaptive displacement compensation according to the deformation trend, maintain the pressure transmission roller 34 in close contact with the plate surface, and prevent the clamping force from failing due to loss of contact. At the same time, the lower movable support beam 57 uses the bending stiffness of its overall cross section to provide a rigid support reaction force in the vertical direction, which restricts the downward collapse and displacement of the plate, thereby forcibly constraining the plate within the set processing level. The device maintains active internal heat dissipation throughout the processing to quickly cool down the sheet material that has just been heated and deformed, thereby shortening the cooling waiting time. The brushless motor 82, which is placed inside the pressure transmission roller 34, is powered by an external cable introduced through the central hole at the end of the pressure transmission roller shaft and connected to the stationary stator assembly. The cable is covered with a high-temperature resistant and cut-proof metal hose throughout and does not participate in the rotation of the roller. The brushless motor 82 runs at high speed, driving the annular equalizing chamber 83 and the double helical reverse flow blades 84 with opposite surface rotation directions to rotate. In the narrow cavity, the air boundary layer is broken and high-pressure turbulence is generated. The high-pressure airflow is pushed into the helical guide groove 86 on the surface of the guide column 85 and propels it in a long stroke helical propulsion along the hollow heat dissipation layer 89 on the inner wall of the pressure transmission roller 34. Through efficient forced convection heat exchange, the airflow continuously absorbs the heat acquired by the roller housing when it comes into contact with the high-temperature plate, keeping the roller surface at a low temperature. The high-temperature airflow, after heating and expansion, is finally discharged outward from the gap of the outer ring 87 and the holes of the end protective net 88. Meanwhile, cold air is continuously drawn in from the other end under negative pressure, achieving continuous cooling inside the roller. This allows the heat on the plate surface to be continuously dissipated during the flexible adaptive pressing process of the plate, enabling the plate to complete preliminary cooling and shaping during the forming stage and shortening the subsequent cooling time.

[0031] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for metal material processing, comprising a laser cutting execution component (1) and a controller (7), wherein the laser cutting execution component (1) includes a vertical support column (11), a transverse moving slide (12) disposed at the top of the vertical support column (11), a vertical lifting slide (13) disposed outside the transverse moving slide (12), and a laser processing head (14) disposed outside the vertical lifting slide (13), wherein a transverse support beam (15) is connected to the inner side of the vertical support column (11); characterized in that, Also includes: The front angle adjustable detection component (2) includes a lateral mounting bracket fixed to the side of the laser processing head (14) and a rotation drive component mounted on the lateral mounting bracket. The rotation drive component is used to drive the detection probe and the pressure end to perform angular displacement deflection so as to synchronously adjust the detection angle and the pressure position. The progressive pressure application assembly (3) includes a pressure drive connected to the pressure application end and a pressure transmission roller (34) rotatably disposed at the output end of the pressure drive. The pressure drive is used to drive the pressure transmission roller (34) to apply a real-time adjustable pressure force to the cutting area of ​​the metal sheet. The variable base distance detection assembly (4) includes a detection mounting frame (41) fixed to the outside of the transverse moving slide (12) and a spacing adjustment component symmetrically arranged on both sides of the detection mounting frame (41). The spacing adjustment component is used to drive multiple sensors to move closer or further away from each other synchronously to adjust the detection base distance. The follow-up top support assembly (5) includes a support mounting frame (55) slidably mounted on the top of the transverse support beam (15) and a movable support beam (57) disposed on the support mounting frame (55). The movable support beam (57) is used to cooperate with the pressure transmission roller (34) below the cutting area to provide reverse support. The linear feed drive assembly (6) includes a transmission connector that is slidably mounted on the top of the transverse support beam (15) and slidably engaged with the follower top support assembly (5). The transmission connector is used to drive the follower top support assembly (5) to move linearly along the cutting feed direction. The heat-conducting component (8) includes a heat dissipation channel and an air-cooling drive component disposed inside the pressure transmission roller (34); the air-cooling drive component is used to drive airflow to flow in the heat dissipation channel to actively cool the pressure transmission roller (34). The controller (7) is electrically connected to the front angle adjustable detection component (2), the progressive pressure component (3), the variable base distance detection component (4), the follow-up top support component (5), the linear feed drive component (6) and the heat conduction component (8), respectively, and is used to control the action sequence and output parameters of each component in a closed loop according to the detection data.

2. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front angle adjustable detection component (2) includes a lateral mounting bracket (21) fixedly connected to both sides of the laser processing head (14). A bidirectional drive motor (22) is fixedly installed inside the lateral mounting bracket (21). A front infrared temperature sensor (25) is fixedly connected to the top drive end of the bidirectional drive motor (22). An extension transmission link (23) is fixedly connected to the bottom drive end of the bidirectional drive motor (22). A drive cylinder (24) is fixedly installed on the side of the bottom end of the extension transmission link (23) away from the bidirectional drive motor (22).

3. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The progressive pressure assembly (3) includes a clamping force sensor (36) fixedly connected to the output end of the drive cylinder (24). An elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping force sensor (36). A floating clamping slide (33) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the elastic buffer. The pressure transmission roller (34) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the floating clamping slide (33). The clamping force sensor (36) is used to collect clamping force data in real time and feed it back to the controller (7). The controller (7) adjusts the preload of the elastic buffer through the drive cylinder (24) to achieve closed-loop control of the clamping force.

4. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic buffer is a disc spring assembly (35). The progressive pressure assembly (3) also includes a clamping bracket (31) fixedly connected to the drive cylinder (24) and a mounting base (32) fixedly connected to the bottom end of the clamping bracket (31). The outer side of the floating clamping slide (33) is slidably sleeved in the mounting base (32). The top end of the mounting base (32) is fixedly connected to the top end of the disc spring assembly (35).

5. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The follower top support assembly (5) includes linear guide rails (51) fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the transverse support beam (15). A second rack (52) is fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the transverse support beam (15). A travel limit post (53) is movably connected inside one of the transverse support beams (15). A second drive gear (54) is rotatably connected to the top of the travel limit post (53). The top of the second drive gear (54) is rotatably connected to the support mounting frame (55). A limit slider (56) is fixedly connected to the outside of the support mounting frame (55). The movable support beam (57) is rotatably connected to the outside of the limit slider (56). A second drive motor (58) is installed at the top of the support mounting frame (55). The drive end of the second drive motor (58) passes through the support mounting frame (55) and is fixedly connected to the second drive gear (54). The second rack (52) and the second drive gear (54) are meshed.

6. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The linear feed drive assembly (6) includes a transmission connecting plate (61) slidably connected to the linear guide rail (51). A third drive gear (62) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the transmission connecting plate (61). A third drive motor (63) is installed at the top end of the transmission connecting plate (61). The drive end of the third drive motor (63) passes through the transmission connecting plate (61) and is fixedly connected to the third drive gear (62). The third drive gear (62) is meshed with the second rack (52). A support member (64) is fixedly connected to the top end of the transmission connecting plate (61). A guide groove (65) is provided inside the support member (64). The outer side of the movable support beam (57) is slidably connected to the guide groove (65) and rotatably connected to the top end of the transmission connecting plate (61) to realize the relative sliding or synchronous movement of the follower top support assembly (5) and the linear feed drive assembly (6).

7. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 6, characterized in that, One side of the limiting slider (56) is slidably connected to one of the linear guide rails (51), and one end of the support member (64) is slidably connected to the other linear guide rail (51).

8. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner wall of the pressure transmission roller (34) is provided with a hollow heat dissipation layer (89) and an outer roller recess (81). The heat conduction component (8) includes a brushless motor (82) installed inside the pressure transmission roller (34). The output end of the brushless motor (82) is fixedly connected to an annular pressure equalization chamber (83). The inner and outer sides of the annular pressure equalization chamber (83) are respectively fixed with double helical reverse flow blades (84) with opposite helical directions.

9. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The annular equalizing chamber (83) is fixed with a guide column (85) extending axially at one end away from the brushless motor (82). The outer circumferential surface of the guide column (85) is provided with a continuously spirally distributed spiral guide groove (86). The guide column (85) is fixed with an outer ring (87) at one end away from the annular equalizing chamber (83). An annular gap is reserved between the outer ring (87) and the inner wall of the pressure transmission roller (34) to form an air flow channel. A protective net (88) covering the air inlet and outlet area is fixed at one end of the pressure transmission roller (34).

10. The laser cutting apparatus for metal material processing according to claim 9, characterized in that, The variable base distance detection assembly (4) includes two linear guide rods (42) symmetrically slidably connected to both sides inside the detection mounting frame (41). A first rack (43) is fixedly connected to the adjacent side of the two linear guide rods (42). A first drive gear (44) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the detection mounting frame (41). The first drive gear (44) meshes with both first racks (43) simultaneously. A first drive motor (47) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the detection mounting frame (41). The drive end of the first drive motor (47) is fixedly connected to the first drive gear (44). An infrared thermometer (45) and a deformation sensor (46) are respectively installed on the outer side of the two linear guide rods (42).

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