A deformation automatic monitoring and early warning system and method for construction of a deep rock shaft

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering construction monitoring, and specifically discloses a broken rock deep shaft construction deformation automatic monitoring and early warning system and a monitoring method. The system comprises a monitoring sensor, a data acquisition module, a wireless transmission module, a data processing terminal and an early warning module. The monitoring sensor comprises a vibrating wire single-point displacement meter and a total station. The vibrating wire single-point displacement meter is arranged at a key section of the shaft wall and is used for monitoring deep displacement of the shaft wall. The total station is arranged at a shaft lock and is used for monitoring shaft lock subsidence and shaft wall surface deformation. The data acquisition module acquires monitoring data of the sensor in real time, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the data processing terminal through the wireless transmission module. The data processing terminal analyzes and processes the data, compares the data with a preset threshold value, and sends a hierarchical early warning when the monitoring data exceeds the threshold value. The system realizes real-time, automatic and accurate monitoring of broken rock deep shaft construction deformation, timely transmission of monitoring data and rapid early warning response, and solves the problems of low efficiency and strong hysteresis of manual monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering construction safety monitoring technology, specifically to an automatic monitoring and early warning system and monitoring method for deformation during deep vertical shaft construction in fractured rock. Background Technology

[0002] In deep shaft construction in fractured rock, Class IV-V surrounding rock deforms rapidly and has poor stability. Especially during secondary excavation after a collapse, the surrounding rock is prone to sudden deformation after disturbance, posing a serious threat to construction safety. Traditional monitoring methods mostly rely on manual monitoring using total stations and levels on a periodic basis. This suffers from low monitoring efficiency, low data acquisition frequency, and data transmission lag, making it impossible to grasp the surrounding rock deformation in real time. When sudden deformation occurs, manual monitoring cannot detect it in time, easily leading to delayed warnings and safety accidents. Furthermore, traditional monitoring only acquires surface deformation data and cannot monitor deep displacement within the shaft wall. The monitoring data is incomplete, making it difficult to accurately determine the true extent of surrounding rock deformation and providing a reliable basis for adjusting construction parameters. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a monitoring and early warning system and method that can achieve real-time, automatic, and accurate monitoring, taking into account both surface deformation and deep displacement, and providing rapid early warning response. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic monitoring and early warning system and monitoring method for deformation during deep vertical shaft construction in fractured rock.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an automatic monitoring and early warning system for deformation during deep vertical shaft construction in fractured rock. It comprises monitoring sensors, a data acquisition module, a wireless transmission module, a data processing terminal, and an early warning module. The monitoring sensors combine a vibrating wire single-point displacement meter and a total station to simultaneously monitor deep displacement of the shaft wall, interlocking head subsidence, and surface deformation of the shaft wall, providing comprehensive monitoring data. The data acquisition module collects data in real time at a preset frequency, the wireless transmission module enables wireless data upload, the data processing terminal performs data analysis and visualization, and the early warning module is equipped with a tiered early warning mechanism, enabling audible and visual warnings as well as remote warnings via mobile phone, ensuring rapid early warning response.

[0005] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a monitoring method for the above-mentioned system, including steps such as monitoring point deployment, equipment debugging, data acquisition and transmission, data processing and analysis, hierarchical early warning, data feedback and parameter adjustment. Monitoring points are deployed for key sections of the shaft, and the acquisition frequency is increased in special working conditions. At the same time, predictions are made based on the deformation trend of the monitoring data, and construction parameters are adjusted in advance to achieve dynamic monitoring and proactive prevention and control.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This system combines a vibrating wire single-point displacement meter and a total station to monitor not only the deep displacement of the well wall, but also the sinking of the lock and the deformation of the well wall surface. The monitoring data is comprehensive and accurate, and can accurately reflect the real deformation of the deep vertical shaft in fractured rock, providing reliable data basis for construction decisions. 2. The system realizes real-time acquisition and wireless transmission of monitoring data. The data acquisition frequency can be adjusted as needed, which solves the problems of low efficiency and strong lag in traditional manual monitoring and can keep track of the dynamic deformation of the surrounding rock in real time. 3. The system is equipped with a tiered early warning mechanism, which, combined with audible and visual alarms and a mobile APP early warning system, enables both on-site and remote early warning. The early warning response is rapid, and when deformation exceeds the standard, it can promptly remind management personnel to take measures to prevent safety accidents from occurring. 4. The data processing terminal has built-in data processing software with trend analysis and prediction functions. It can draw deformation trend curves based on historical monitoring data, predict the development trend of surrounding rock deformation, realize proactive prevention and control, adjust construction parameters in advance, and eliminate safety risks in the bud. 5. This monitoring method deploys monitoring points in key sections of the shaft, such as the lock, the core section of the collapse, and the expansion section. The monitoring point layout is reasonable, and the collection frequency is increased in special working conditions such as rainy days and blasting, ensuring the relevance and accuracy of the monitoring. At the same time, the monitoring data is linked with the adjustment of construction parameters, realizing the integration of monitoring and construction. Detailed Implementation

[0007] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0008] The invention will be further described in detail below using a case study of the secondary excavation construction after the collapse of the vertical shaft of the diversion and emptying tunnel in a reservoir project.

[0009] The shaft is a rectangular shaft with a depth of 60m. After the collapse, the surrounding rock was classified as Class IV-V fractured rock. The monitoring and early warning system and method of this invention were used to monitor construction deformation, and the specific implementation is as follows: Construction of monitoring and early warning system Establish an automatic monitoring and early warning system for deformation during deep shaft construction in fractured rock, including: S1. Monitoring Sensors: Four NVJ-100G2 vibrating wire single-point displacement gauges with a sensitivity of 0.0182με / KHz² and an anchor depth of 6m are selected and installed at the shaft lock opening, the core of the collapse at 1200.60m, the upper opening of the enlarged section at 1192.98m, and the gate chamber section at 1186.00m, with four gauges in each row, located in the middle of the four sides of the shaft; One total station is selected and deployed in the stable area around the shaft lock opening. Eight sinking observation points are set up on the concrete of the lock opening, one at each of the four corners and one in the middle of each of the four sides. S1. Data Acquisition Module: A vibrating wire data acquisition instrument is selected and connected to a single-point displacement meter, with an acquisition frequency of 1 time / h; a total station data acquisition unit is selected and connected to the total station, with an acquisition frequency of 2 times / h. S2. Wireless transmission module: A 4G wireless transmission module is used and installed inside the protective shed at the shaft opening to ensure that data transmission is not interfered with by construction. S3. Data processing terminal: It adopts an industrial computer with built-in self-developed data processing software and preset early warning thresholds: Level 1 early warning 0.2mm, Level 2 early warning 0.3mm. The software can realize data storage, analysis, visualization and trend prediction. S4. Early warning module: Install one audible and visual alarm at the shaft construction site and one at the project department monitoring room, and develop a mobile APP early warning terminal to bind the mobile phones of construction management personnel, technical leaders and supervising engineers.

[0010] Monitoring methods S1. Monitoring Point Setup: Mark 8 sinking observation points on the concrete of the shaft lock opening with paint. Use a down-the-hole drill to make holes at the predetermined positions on the shaft wall. The holes are 90mm in diameter and 6m deep. After cleaning the holes, embed the vibrating wire single-point displacement meter probe into the bottom of the holes and fix it with M20 mortar. The displacement meter wire is laid along the shaft wall and protected with PVC pipe. Set up the total station in the stable area around the lock opening to complete the station construction, calibration and backsight point setup. S2. Equipment Debugging: Connect all equipment, debug the vibrating wire single-point displacement meter and total station to ensure the sensors are working properly; test the wireless transmission module to transmit data continuously for 24 hours with a data transmission success rate of 100%; preset the first-level warning threshold of 0.2mm and the second-level warning threshold of 0.3mm on the data processing terminal. S3. Data Acquisition and Transmission: The vibrating wire data acquisition instrument collects displacement gauge modulus, temperature, and displacement data every 1 hour, and the total station data acquisition instrument collects lock subsidence and well wall surface deformation data every 2 hours. In special working conditions such as blasting operations or rainy weather, the acquisition frequency will be increased to 30 minutes / time for the vibrating wire instrument and 1 hour / time for the total station. The wireless transmission module will transmit the monitoring data to the project department's data processing terminal in real time. S4. Data Processing and Analysis: The data processing terminal receives monitoring data, stores the data through data processing software, plots deformation trend curves, displays the subsidence of the lock and the displacement of the well wall in real time, and compares the real-time data with preset thresholds. S5. Tiered Early Warning: During construction, the maximum displacement of the well wall was 0.24mm, exceeding the first-level early warning threshold but not reaching the second-level early warning threshold. The system triggered the first-level early warning, and the audible and visual alarms at the construction site and monitoring room issued a yellow audible and visual warning. The mobile APP early warning terminal pushed the warning information to the management personnel, who immediately strengthened on-site inspections and increased the density of the support structure. No second-level early warning occurred during the entire construction process. S6. Data Feedback and Parameter Adjustment: Based on the deformation trend curve drawn by the data processing software, it was found that the deformation rate of the core section of the collapse was slightly higher than that of other sections. The spacing of the I-beam ring beams in this section was promptly increased from 0.5m to 0.4m. After the adjustment, the deformation rate was significantly reduced, ensuring construction safety.

[0011] In this embodiment, the monitoring and early warning system monitors the deformation of the shaft construction in real time throughout the entire process. The data collection is accurate and the transmission is timely. The hierarchical early warning mechanism plays an effective role, providing a reliable safety guarantee for the secondary excavation of the shaft. No safety accidents occurred during the shaft construction process, verifying the practicality and reliability of the system and method.

[0012] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0013] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An automatic monitoring and early warning system for deformation during deep vertical shaft construction in fractured rock, characterized in that, It includes monitoring sensors, data acquisition modules, wireless transmission modules, data processing terminals, and early warning modules, with electrical connections between the modules; S1. The monitoring sensors include vibrating wire single-point displacement gauges and total stations. The vibrating wire single-point displacement gauges are of type NVJ-100G2 and are embedded in key sections of the shaft wall, including the lock opening location, the core of the collapse location, the upper opening of the shaft expansion section, and the gate chamber section. Four gauges are arranged in each row, located in the middle of the four sides of the shaft, with an anchor depth of 6m, for monitoring deep displacement of the shaft wall. The total station is deployed in the stable area around the lock opening of the shaft for monitoring the lock opening subsidence and surface deformation of the shaft wall. Eight subsidence observation points are set on the lock opening concrete, one at each of the four corners and one in the middle of each of the four sides. S2. The data acquisition module includes a vibrating wire data acquisition instrument and a total station data acquisition unit. The vibrating wire data acquisition instrument is connected to a vibrating wire single-point displacement gauge and acquires the displacement gauge's modulus, temperature, and displacement data at a frequency of 1 time / h. The total station data acquisition unit is connected to the total station and acquires data on lock sinking and well wall surface deformation at a frequency of 1 time / 2h. S3. The wireless transmission module adopts a 4G / 5G wireless transmission module and is set in the protection area of ​​the vertical shaft opening. It is used to transmit the monitoring data collected by the data acquisition module to the data processing terminal in real time. S4. The data processing terminal is an industrial computer with built-in data processing software, used to receive monitoring data, store, analyze, process and visualize the data, and preset wellbore displacement early warning thresholds, wherein the first-level early warning threshold is a displacement of 0.2mm and the second-level early warning threshold is a displacement of 0.3mm. S5. The early warning module includes an audible and visual alarm and a mobile APP early warning terminal. The audible and visual alarm is deployed at the shaft construction site and the project department monitoring room. The mobile APP early warning terminal is bound to the mobile phone of the construction management personnel. When the monitoring data exceeds the first-level early warning threshold, the audible and visual alarm issues a yellow audible and visual warning, and the mobile APP early warning terminal pushes the first-level early warning information. When the monitoring data exceeds the second-level early warning threshold, the audible and visual alarm issues a red audible and visual warning, and the mobile APP early warning terminal pushes the second-level early warning information and dials the management personnel's phone.

2. The automatic monitoring and early warning system for deformation during deep vertical shaft construction in fractured rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibrating wire single-point displacement meter has a sensitivity of not less than 0.018με / KHz², a measurement range of 0~10mm, and is suitable for working temperatures of -20℃~60℃, meeting the requirements for use in harsh underground construction environments in vertical shafts.

3. The automatic monitoring and early warning system for deformation during deep vertical shaft construction in fractured rock according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing software has a data trend analysis function, which can draw deformation trend curves based on historical monitoring data, predict the development trend of surrounding rock deformation, and issue early warnings.

4. A monitoring method for an automatic monitoring and early warning system for deformation during deep vertical shaft construction in fractured rock as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Monitoring Point Layout: Eight sinking observation points are set up on the concrete of the shaft lock opening, one at each of the four corners and one in the middle of each of the four sides; four rows of vibrating wire single-point displacement gauge observation points are set up on the shaft wall, located at the lock opening, the core of the collapse, the upper opening of the shaft expansion section, and the gate chamber section, respectively. Each row has one NVJ-100G2 vibrating wire single-point displacement gauge in the middle of each of the four sides of the shaft, with a displacement gauge anchor depth of 6m and a burial elevation of 1187m; the total station is set up in the stable area around the shaft lock opening to complete the establishment and calibration of the total station; S2. Equipment debugging: Connect the vibrating wire single-point displacement meter to the vibrating wire data acquisition instrument, connect the total station to the total station data acquisition unit, and debug all monitoring sensors to ensure that the sensors are working properly. Connect the data acquisition module to the wireless transmission module to test the stability of data transmission and ensure that the monitoring data can be transmitted to the data processing terminal in real time; preset displacement warning thresholds on the data processing terminal, with a first-level warning threshold of 0.2mm and a second-level warning threshold of 0.3mm; S3. Data Acquisition and Transmission: The data acquisition module collects monitoring data at a preset frequency. The vibrating wire acquisition instrument collects the modulus, temperature and displacement data of the vibrating wire single-point displacement meter every 1 hour. The total station data acquisition instrument collects the data of lock sinking and well wall surface deformation every 2 hours. The wireless transmission module transmits the collected monitoring data to the data processing terminal in real time; S4. Data Processing and Analysis: The data processing terminal receives monitoring data, stores, analyzes, and visualizes the data through built-in data processing software, plots deformation trend curves, and compares real-time monitoring data with preset early warning thresholds. S5. Tiered Early Warning:

1. When the real-time monitoring data is ≤ the first-level early warning threshold, the system displays normally and there is no early warning prompt.

2. When the first-level warning threshold < real-time monitoring data ≤ second-level warning threshold, the data processing terminal triggers the warning module, and the audible and visual alarms at the construction site and monitoring room issue a yellow audible and visual warning. The mobile APP warning terminal pushes the first-level warning information to the construction management personnel, prompting them to strengthen on-site inspections; 3. When the real-time monitoring data > second-level warning threshold, the audible and visual alarm issues a red audible and visual warning. The mobile APP warning terminal pushes the second-level warning information and calls the management personnel, prompting them to immediately stop on-site construction, organize personnel evacuation, analyze the cause of deformation, and take reinforcement measures; S6. Data Feedback and Parameter Adjustment: Based on the deformation trend curve of the monitoring data, predict the development trend of surrounding rock deformation. If the deformation rate is found to be increasing continuously, even if the warning threshold is not reached, adjust the shaft excavation and support parameters in a timely manner, and increase the spacing of the support structure to ensure construction safety.

5. The monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The installation method of the vibrating wire single-point displacement gauge in step S1 is as follows: a hole is drilled in the well wall using a down-the-hole drill with a diameter of 90mm and a depth of 6m. After cleaning the hole, the displacement gauge probe is buried at the bottom of the hole and fixed with M20 mortar. The displacement gauge wire is laid along the well wall and protected to avoid damage by construction machinery.

6. The monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, during rainy days or special working conditions such as blasting operations, the data acquisition frequency is increased. The vibrating wire data acquisition instrument is changed to collect data once every 30 minutes, and the total station data acquisition device is changed to collect data once every 1 hour to ensure the accuracy of deformation monitoring under special working conditions.