A hierarchical temperature control device and solid oxide cell testing system

Abstract

The application discloses a hierarchical temperature control device and a solid oxide cell test system, and the device comprises a high-temperature furnace with a built-in cell stack, a fuel gas side temperature control branch connected with a fuel side of the cell stack, and an air side temperature control branch connected with an air side of the cell stack; wherein, the fuel gas side temperature control branch and the air side temperature control branch are both provided with a heater and a coil pipe which are connected in series in a flow direction; the heater is used as a rapid heating unit for rapidly increasing heat; and the coil pipe is used as a heat buffer unit and an air flow heater for stabilizing and uniformly heating air flow; and the application can realize an optimized balance between a heating speed and temperature uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid oxide battery testing technology, specifically to a graded temperature control device and a solid oxide battery testing system. Background Technology

[0002] Solid oxide batteries, including solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolyzers (SOECs), are based on the migration of oxygen ions or protons in a solid electrolyte. They feature high energy conversion efficiency and can be coupled with various fuels or carbon dioxide / water electrolysis processes. These batteries typically operate at high temperatures, with common operating temperatures for single cells and stacks ranging from 600 to 1000°C. The setting and stability of the temperature field directly affect the electrochemical reaction rate, polarization loss, material phase stability, and lifetime, and are core control parameters for evaluating battery performance and reliability. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a test system temperature control method capable of achieving high precision, rapid response, and spatial uniformity under high temperatures, reaction atmospheres, and dynamic electrical loads.

[0003] Currently, common temperature control solutions mainly have the following shortcomings:

[0004] Slow heating rate: In order to prevent downstream temperature overshoot due to system thermal inertia, traditional PID control strategies dare not apply too much power during the heating stage, resulting in excessively long preheating time for the entire system, which seriously affects test efficiency.

[0005] Temperature overshoot is a concern: the system has long piping and includes multiple valves and other components, resulting in high thermal inertia. When the upstream heater heats the system, there is a delay in heat transfer to the downstream. Traditional feedback control struggles to anticipate this delay, which can easily cause the downstream temperature to far exceed the set value (overshoot). This can potentially cause thermal shock damage to expensive SOFC stacks.

[0006] Poor control stability: When faced with airflow fluctuations or changes in ambient temperature, the single temperature control loop has limited adjustment capabilities and is prone to temperature oscillations, resulting in large fluctuations in the temperature of the airflow entering the fuel cell stack, which affects the test accuracy.

[0007] Uneven temperature field in the fuel cell stack: The large temperature difference between the gas fed into the stack and the furnace temperature leads to uneven heating of the fuel cell stack during the heating process.

[0008] While existing technologies employ multi-stage heating control methods, such as multiple heaters, these methods are costly and involve complex control logic, making them unsuitable for testing systems that require both cost-effectiveness and simple control.

[0009] During high-temperature testing of solid oxide batteries, chromium-containing components such as the air electrode interconnect and current collector are prone to reacting with water vapor and oxygen in the environment, generating... Volatile chromium toxicants such as chromium dioxide (Cr2O2) can diffuse to and deposit on air electrode active sites, clogging ion transport channels, reducing catalytic activity, and causing battery performance degradation. This severely affects the accuracy of long-term durability test data—mistakenly classifying "performance degradation caused by Cr poisoning" as "battery durability defects." Current Cr poisoning control measures for solid oxide batteries have significant shortcomings: existing cooling and dehumidification devices are mostly single-stage cooling systems, unable to accurately control the humidity of the gas source at a specific pressure. Below saturation partial pressure, there is still a significant risk of volatilization in high-temperature scenarios, and the source-end dehumidification accuracy is insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to achieve uniform and rapid heating of the battery stack in a solid oxide battery testing system, while completely avoiding temperature overshoot and ensuring the extreme stability of the gas temperature before entering the battery stack.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system includes a high-temperature furnace 110 with an embedded battery stack A, a gas-side temperature control branch 120 connected to the fuel side of the battery stack, and an air-side temperature control branch 130 connected to the air side of the battery stack. Both the gas-side temperature control branch 120 and the air-side temperature control branch 130 are equipped with heaters and coils connected in series in stages along the airflow direction. The heaters serve as rapid heating units to quickly increase heat output; the coils serve as heat buffer units and airflow homogenizers to stabilize and uniformly distribute the airflow temperature.

[0012] In this embodiment, a first temperature measuring device 121 and a second temperature measuring device 122 are provided in the gas-side temperature control branch 120; wherein, the first temperature measuring device 121 is used to measure the body temperature of the heater in the branch, and the second temperature measuring device 122 is provided at the outlet of the heater in the branch to control and measure the temperature of the fuel gas exiting the heater.

[0013] In this embodiment, in the gas-side temperature control branch 120, the coil is located inside the high-temperature furnace 110, and the output end of the coil is connected to the gas-side input port of the battery stack A.

[0014] In this embodiment, in the gas-side temperature control branch 120, a third temperature measuring device 123 is provided at the output end of the coil to measure the temperature of the fuel gas entering the battery stack A.

[0015] In this embodiment, a fourth temperature measuring device 131 and a fifth temperature measuring device 132 are provided in the air-side temperature control branch 130; wherein, the fourth temperature measuring device 131 is used to measure the body temperature of the heater in the branch, and the fifth temperature measuring device 132 is provided at the outlet of the heater in the branch and is used to control and measure the temperature of the air exiting the heater.

[0016] In this embodiment, in the air-side temperature control branch 130, the coil is located inside the high-temperature furnace 110, and the output end of the coil is connected to the air-side input port of the battery stack A.

[0017] In this embodiment, in the air-side temperature control branch 130, a sixth temperature measuring device 133 is provided at the output end of the coil to measure the temperature of the air entering the battery stack A.

[0018] In this embodiment, the air-side temperature control branch 130 includes an air-side gas supply unit 136 for supplying compressed air and cooling and dehumidifying the compressed air to suppress and reduce air quality at the source. The saturated partial pressure reduces the temperature of the compressed gas to below 10℃, and the partial pressure of water vapor in the air is ≤1.2kPa.

[0019] In this embodiment, the temperature control method of the graded temperature control device includes: Initialization phase: Set the target temperature T F Temperature T of battery stack A set The temperature difference between the heater outlet temperature and the high-temperature furnace 110 during heating Start the high-temperature furnace and raise the temperature to 110°C; Phase 1: Rapid and intense heating up: The temperature T at the heater outlet h As a closed-loop point, ignore the temperature reading T at the inlet of battery stack A. bs ; Utilizing the heater's maximum capacity, the airflow is heated, and heat energy is output downstream, with the heater outlet temperature T throughout the entire process. h The temperature should never exceed the target temperature T. F and temperature difference sum; The second stage, power reduction and balancing: Once the furnace temperature of the high-temperature furnace 110 reaches a constant temperature, the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A is read in real time. bs Dynamically adjust the set temperature T at the heater outlet. h-set Or the power of the heater; If the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A is read in real time bs Temperature T of battery stack A is lower than the set temperature. set When this happens, the set temperature T at the heater outlet is reduced in a stepwise manner. h-set This causes the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A to rise.bs Continue to rise; If the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A is read in real time bs Temperature T of battery stack A is greater than the set temperature. set When this happens, the set temperature T at the heater outlet is rapidly reduced. h-set In order to proactively reduce upstream heat sources; The third stage, precise and stable: When the temperature T at the A inlet of the battery stack is read in real time bs Stabilize at the set battery stack A temperature T set At that time, the temperature control system enters a steady state.

[0020] The present invention also provides a solid oxide battery testing system, which uses the graded temperature control device described above for temperature control.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention adopts a hierarchical series structure design, arranging the main heater and the coil in series. The main heater, as a "rapid heating unit," is responsible for rapidly providing heat; the coil, as a "heat buffer unit" and "airflow heat spreader," is responsible for stabilizing and uniformizing the airflow temperature. This structure achieves functional separation of heating tasks, balancing heating speed and temperature uniformity.

[0022] This invention employs a composite control strategy combining feedforward and feedback. In the feedforward stage, the main heater is initially set above the target temperature or operates at maximum power for rapid heating, or it can gradually heat up following the furnace temperature curve, thus significantly shortening the system preheating time. In the feedback stage, the main heater power is gradually reduced in stages and at different rates based on real-time feedback from the coil outlet temperature, effectively preventing temperature overshoot and ensuring downstream temperature stability. This staged control logic combines fast response and good stability, effectively avoiding the overshoot and oscillation problems common in traditional PID control.

[0023] The temperature difference between the fuel cell stack inlet temperature and the furnace temperature is very small, enabling uniform and rapid heating of the fuel cell stack. The coil is made of high-temperature resistant nickel-based alloy material with a high-blackness coating. Utilizing its large heat capacity and large surface area, it achieves buffering and uniformity of airflow temperature, accelerates temperature response speed, and improves the accuracy and repeatability of test data.

[0024] Furthermore, the power regulation strategy of this invention is not a simple proportional adjustment, but rather a phased and differentiated power reduction method based on the proximity of the coil outlet temperature to the target temperature. This fully compensates for the system's thermal inertia and protects the fuel cell stack from temperature shocks. Simultaneously, the coil itself, as a passive component with large heat capacity and surface area, can effectively absorb and release heat, buffering gas temperature fluctuations. Its structural design facilitates uniform heating of the airflow, avoiding localized hot or cold spots, thereby improving the accuracy and repeatability of test data. Increasing the surface emissivity of the coil also enhances its heat absorption capacity, further optimizing thermal management. Finally, this invention achieves efficient control through simple temperature feedback and power regulation, possessing significant advantages such as ease of engineering implementation, high reliability, and low cost and maintenance burden.

[0025] This invention is based on The thermodynamic laws governing the formation (the reaction requires water vapor, and the partial pressure of water vapor is positively correlated with the formation rate) are used to precisely cool and dehumidify the source-end inlet air temperature to below 10°C, thereby reducing... The saturation partial pressure significantly reduces the generation of toxic species at the source, achieving highly efficient suppression of the toxic source. More importantly, it ensures that in long-term durability testing of solid oxide batteries, the battery performance degradation data truly reflects the durability of the battery itself, rather than... False attenuation caused by toxicity.

[0026] Extremely high heating rate: By operating at a high set point / full power initially, the system heating time is reduced by approximately 20%-40%, significantly improving testing efficiency. Complete elimination of temperature overshoot: Through a downstream temperature-based "power reduction" strategy, the system's thermal inertia is proactively anticipated and compensated for, achieving overshoot-free heating and effectively protecting the solid oxide battery stack from thermal shock. Excellent temperature stability: The coil, acting as a passive thermal buffer, effectively absorbs and releases heat, smoothing out any minor fluctuations. This ensures that the temperature fluctuation of the airflow entering the stack can be controlled within ±1°C, resulting in extremely high reliability of test data. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the thermodynamic partial pressure curves of Cr(VI) volatile species in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating the control principle of the graded temperature control method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a measured temperature-time graph of the graded temperature control device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a partial view of the measured temperature-time graph at 800℃ in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses a graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system, comprising: a high-temperature furnace 110 with a built-in battery stack A, a gas-side temperature control branch 120 connected to the fuel side of the battery stack, and an air-side temperature control branch 130 connected to the air side of the battery stack; wherein, both the gas-side temperature control branch 120 and the air-side temperature control branch 130 are equipped with heaters and coils connected in series in stages along the airflow direction. The heaters serve as rapid heating units to quickly increase heat. The coils serve as heat buffer units and airflow homogenizers to stabilize and uniformly distribute the airflow temperature.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, a first temperature measuring device 121 and a second temperature measuring device 122 are provided in the gas-side temperature control branch 120. The first temperature measuring device 121 is used to measure the body temperature of the heater in this branch, and the second temperature measuring device 122 is located at the outlet of the heater in this branch, used to control and measure the temperature of the fuel gas exiting the heater. For clarity, the heater in the gas-side temperature control branch 120 is defined as a gas heater 124. Undoubtedly, the first measuring device 121 measures the body temperature of the gas heater 124, and the second temperature measuring device 122 is located at the outlet of the gas heater 124.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the gas-side temperature control branch 120, the coil is located inside the high-temperature furnace 110, and the output end of the coil is connected to the gas-side inlet of the battery stack A. Furthermore, a third temperature measuring device 123 is provided at the output end of the coil for measuring the temperature of the fuel gas entering the battery stack A.

[0037] In this embodiment, similarly, the coil in the gas-side temperature control branch 120 is defined as gas coil 125. Undoubtedly, gas coil 125 is located inside the high-temperature furnace 110, and its output end is equipped with a third temperature measuring device 123, which is connected to the gas-side input port of battery stack A.

[0038] In this embodiment, a third temperature measuring device 123 is provided at the output end of the coil in the gas-side temperature control branch 120 to measure the temperature of the fuel gas entering the battery stack A. That is, the coil here is the gas coil 125.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas-side temperature control branch 120 further includes a fuel-side gas supply unit 126 and a first pressure measuring device 127. The fuel-side gas supply unit 126 is located upstream of the gas heater 124 and is used to supply fuel gas. The first pressure measuring device 127 is located downstream of the gas coil 125 and is led to the cryogenic zone via an extension pipe for measuring the fuel-side reactor inlet pressure.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, a fourth temperature measuring device 131 and a fifth temperature measuring device 132 are provided in the air-side temperature control branch 130. The fourth temperature measuring device 131 is used to measure the body temperature of the heater in this branch, and the fifth temperature measuring device 132 is located at the outlet of the heater in this branch and is used to control and measure the temperature of the air exiting the heater. For clarity, the heater in the air-side temperature control branch 130 is defined as an air heater 134. Undoubtedly, the fourth temperature measuring device 131 measures the body temperature of the air heater 134, and the fifth temperature measuring device 132 is located at the outlet of the air heater 134.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the air-side temperature control branch 130, the coil is located inside the high-temperature furnace 110, and the output end of the coil is connected to the air-side inlet of the battery stack A. A sixth temperature measuring device 133 is provided at the output end of the coil for measuring the temperature of the air entering the battery stack A. Similarly, the coil in the air-side temperature control branch 130 is defined as an air coil 135, and its sixth temperature measuring device 133 is located at the output end of the air coil 135.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the air-side temperature control branch 130 is located on the pipe connecting the fuel side of the battery stack A. The air-side temperature control branch 130 includes an air-side gas supply unit 136 and a second pressure measuring device 137. The air-side gas supply unit 136 is used to supply compressed air and to cool and dehumidify the compressed air to suppress degradation from the source. The saturation partial pressure.

[0043] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the air-side gas supply unit 136 is not limited; it only needs to provide compressed air and cool and dehumidify it. Specifically, the source-side precision dehumidification unit 20 includes at least a cooler, a gas-liquid separator, and a drain valve. The compressed air enters the cooler for cooling and dehumidification, and the cooled gas and condensate enter the gas-liquid separator for separation. The dried gas enters the subsequent pipeline and flows to the air heater 134 for heating, while the condensate is captured in the gas-liquid separator 22 and discharged by the drain valve 23.

[0044] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shows the thermodynamic partial pressure curves of the volatile Cr(VI) species CrO2(OH)2 and CrO3. Specifically, Figure a shows the partial pressure distribution of Cr(VI) species at different water vapor partial pressures (T=973K, p(O2)=0.21atm). The evaporation rate increases with increasing air humidity. (Figure b shows the evaporation rate at different temperatures.) The partial pressure threshold p(O2) = 0.21 atm provides a quantitative basis for air dehumidification. Generally, the air at 6 bar (absolute pressure) and 20°C is introduced into the air supply unit 136 at the source end, cooled and dehumidified to below 10°C. After treatment, the water vapor partial pressure of the air is ≤0.012 atm (absolute pressure). At this point, the water content in the high-pressure air is ≤0.25%, the system pressure is close to atmospheric pressure, and the water vapor partial pressure in the air is ≤0.0025 atm. The saturation partial pressure of CrO2(OH)2 at 700°C is ≤2. 10 -8 Atm. When the intake air is at 20℃ and atmospheric pressure, and the humidity is 100%, the water pressure is 0.03 atm. The saturation partial pressure of CrO2(OH)2 at 700℃ is 10 atm. -7 atm can be reduced by 5 times.

[0045] By precisely dehumidifying the source-end, the incoming gas is cooled and dehumidified, reducing the partial pressure of water vapor and thus lowering the humidity. Production rate, reducing the production of toxic species from the source.

[0046] In this embodiment, the second pressure measuring device 137 is located at the output port of the air coil 135 and is led to the low temperature zone through an extension tube for measuring the air-side outflow pressure.

[0047] In this embodiment, the coils in the gas-side temperature control branch 120 and the air-side temperature control branch 130 are made of high-temperature resistant alloys, such as SUS310s, Inconel 600, Inconel 601, Inconel 625, Inconel 800 and other nickel-based alloys. They do not have active heating function, but serve as a heat buffer and heat equalization component with large heat capacity and large surface area. The coils are spaced 5-10 cm apart from the battery stack A in the height direction to prevent them from affecting the temperature field of the high-temperature furnace. At the same time, the length of the coils should not be too long, and a maximum of two coils are arranged inside the furnace chamber of the high-temperature furnace 110.

[0048] In this embodiment, the heaters in the gas-side temperature control branch 120 and the air-side temperature control branch 130 have a maximum operating temperature of 1000°C. Their outer shell materials need to be made of high-temperature resistant metal materials, such as SUS310s, Inconel 600, Inconel 601, Inconel 625, Inconel 800 and other nickel-based alloys. The parts in contact with the gas are coated.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, the graded temperature control device further includes two cooling drainage branches, which are respectively connected to the gas-side outlet and the air-side outlet of the battery stack A. The cooling drainage branches include a seventh temperature measuring device 141, a third pressure measuring device 142, a cooling water distribution unit 143, an eighth temperature measuring device 144, and a drainage unit 145.

[0050] In this embodiment, the seventh temperature measuring device 141 and the third pressure measuring device 142 are located inside the high-temperature furnace 110 and are installed at the gas-side outlet and air-side outlet of the battery stack A, respectively, to measure the temperature and pressure of the gas exiting the battery stack A. The cooling water distribution unit 143 is located after the third pressure measuring device 142, outside the high-temperature furnace 110, and mainly consists of a cooler and a gas-liquid separator, completing the cooling of the high-temperature gas and water-gas separation. The temperature measuring device 144 is located after the cooling water distribution unit 143 and is used to measure the temperature of the emitted gas. One end of the drainage unit 145 is connected to the cooling water distribution unit 143, and the other end is connected to a discharge pipe to discharge the waste gas from the test system.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first temperature measuring device 121 to the eighth temperature measuring device 121 may be a K-type thermocouple, an N-type thermocouple, an R-type thermocouple, or an S-type thermocouple.

[0052] Please see Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a temperature control method for a graded temperature control device, applicable to temperature control of the gas-side temperature control branch 120 and the air-side temperature control branch 130, comprising: Initialization phase: Set the target temperature T F For example, 750°C; temperature T entering battery stack A.set (Generally, the feed temperature is slightly lower than the high-temperature furnace temperature), and the temperature difference between the heater outlet temperature and the high-temperature furnace 110 during heating is... The purpose is to compensate for the heat loss in the pipeline, such as 100℃; and to start the high-temperature furnace to raise the temperature to 110℃.

[0053] Phase 1: Rapid and intense heating up: The temperature T at the heater outlet h As a closed-loop point, ignore the temperature reading T at the inlet of battery stack A. bs ; Utilizing the heater's maximum capacity, the airflow is heated, and heat energy is output downstream, with the heater outlet temperature T throughout the entire process. h The temperature should never exceed the target temperature T. F and temperature difference sum.

[0054] The second stage, power reduction and balancing: Once the furnace temperature of the high-temperature furnace 110 reaches a constant temperature, the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A is read in real time. bs Dynamically adjust the set temperature T at the heater outlet. h-set Or the power of the heater; If the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A is read in real time bs Temperature T of battery stack A is lower than the set temperature. set When this happens, the set temperature T at the heater outlet is reduced in a stepwise manner. h-set This causes the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A to rise. bs Continue to rise; If the temperature T at the inlet of battery stack A is read in real time bs Temperature T of battery stack A is greater than the set temperature. set When this happens, the set temperature T at the heater outlet is rapidly reduced. h-set In order to proactively reduce upstream heat sources; The third stage, precise and stable: When the temperature T at the A inlet of the battery stack is read in real time bs Stabilize at the set battery stack A temperature T set At this point, the heater power decreases to a lower, stable value, and the temperature control system enters a steady state.

[0055] Please see Figure 4 As shown, during the actual temperature rise of the solid oxide battery stack to 800℃ in the test system, the gas temperature at the stack inlet remained relatively close to the temperature of the high-temperature furnace (heating furnace), resulting in a more uniform stack temperature throughout the startup process. The normal heating rate was 1 or 2℃ / min. Figure 4 As can be seen, the entire heating process, excluding the intermediate heat preservation, only takes 200 minutes to reach 700℃, shortening the time by nearly one-third. Figure 5This is a partial view at a reactor inlet temperature of 800℃, with temperature fluctuations within 1℃.

[0056] The present invention also provides a solid oxide battery testing system, which uses the graded temperature control device described above for temperature control and executes the graded temperature control method described above.

[0057] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0058] The above embodiments are merely examples of implementation methods of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system, characterized in that, The system includes a high-temperature furnace (110) with an integrated battery stack (A), a gas-side temperature control branch (120) connected to the fuel side of the battery stack, and an air-side temperature control branch (130) connected to the air side of the battery stack. The gas-side temperature control branch (120) and the air-side temperature control branch (130) are equipped with heaters and coils connected in series in stages along the airflow direction. The heaters serve as rapid heating units to quickly increase the heat. The coils serve as heat buffer units and airflow heat exchangers to stabilize and uniformly heat the airflow temperature.

2. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first temperature measuring device (121) and a second temperature measuring device (122) are provided in the gas-side temperature control branch (120); wherein, the first temperature measuring device (121) is used to measure the body temperature of the heater in the branch, and the second temperature measuring device (122) is provided at the outlet of the heater in the branch to control and measure the temperature of the fuel gas exiting the heater.

3. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the gas-side temperature control branch (120), the coil is located inside the high-temperature furnace (110), and the output end of the coil is connected to the gas-side input port of the battery stack (A).

4. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the gas-side temperature control branch (120), a third temperature measuring device (123) is provided at the output end of the coil to measure the temperature of the fuel gas entering the battery stack (A).

5. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fourth temperature measuring device (131) and a fifth temperature measuring device (132) are provided in the air-side temperature control branch (130); wherein, the fourth temperature measuring device (131) is used to measure the body temperature of the heater in the branch, and the fifth temperature measuring device (132) is located at the outlet of the heater in the branch and is used to control and measure the temperature of the air exiting the heater.

6. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the air-side temperature control branch (130), the coil is located inside the high-temperature furnace (110), and the output end of the coil is connected to the air-side input port of the battery stack (A).

7. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the air-side temperature control branch (130), a sixth temperature measuring device (133) is provided at the output end of the coil to measure the temperature of the air entering the battery stack (A).

8. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air-side temperature control branch (130) includes an air-side gas supply unit (136) for supplying compressed air and cooling and dehumidifying the compressed air to suppress the reduction of temperature at the source. The saturated partial pressure reduces the temperature of the compressed gas to below 10℃, and the partial pressure of water vapor in the air is ≤1.2kPa.

9. The graded temperature control device for a solid oxide battery testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control methods of a graded temperature control device include: Initialization phase: Set the target temperature T F Temperature T of the battery stack (A) set The temperature difference between the heater outlet temperature and the high-temperature furnace (110) during heating Start the high-temperature furnace (110) to raise the temperature; Phase 1: Rapid and intense heating up: The temperature T at the heater outlet h As a closed-loop point, ignore the temperature reading T at the inlet of the battery stack (A). bs ; Utilizing the heater's maximum capacity, the airflow is heated, and heat energy is output downstream, with the heater outlet temperature T throughout the entire process. h The temperature should never exceed the target temperature T. F and temperature difference sum; The second stage, power reduction and balancing: Once the furnace temperature of the high-temperature furnace (110) reaches a constant temperature, the temperature T at the inlet of the battery stack (A) is read in real time. bs Dynamically adjust the set temperature T at the heater outlet. h-set Or the power of the heater; If the temperature T at the inlet of the battery stack (A) is read in real time bs Temperature T is less than the set temperature of the battery stack (A). set When this happens, the set temperature T at the heater outlet is reduced in a stepwise manner. h-set This causes the temperature T at the inlet of the battery stack (A) to rise. bs Continue to rise; If the temperature T at the inlet of the battery stack (A) is read in real time bs Temperature T of the battery stack (A) is greater than the set temperature. set When this happens, the set temperature T at the heater outlet is rapidly reduced. h-set In order to proactively reduce upstream heat sources; The third stage, precise and stable: When the temperature T at the inlet of the battery stack (A) is read in real time bs Stabilize at the set battery stack (A) temperature T set At that time, the temperature control system enters a steady state.

10. A solid oxide battery testing system, characterized in that, Temperature control is performed using the graded temperature control device according to any one of claims 1-9.

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