Heat dissipating battery compartment

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of new energy automobile battery, and particularly discloses a heat dissipation type storage battery hatch, which comprises a mounting base, a mounting cabin body is fixedly installed at the top of the mounting base, a maintenance notch is formed in one side of the mounting cabin body, and a limiting module is movably installed outside the maintenance notch. The heat dissipation structure continuously completes cabin ventilation and heat dissipation in a normal state, meets the heat discharge requirement of long-time work of the storage battery, the sealing mechanism isolates the outside oxygen from entering the cabin in the first time in a fire state, the fireproof mechanism cooperates with the sealed cabin body to continuously fill the fire extinguishing agent to complete the fire extinguishing operation, the cabin body maintains the oxygen isolation environment for a long time to avoid the rekindling of the storage battery, the explosion-proof pressure relief module dynamically balances the sudden high pressure in the cabin, the whole structure linkage operation covers the storage battery heat dissipation, fire extinguishing, oxygen isolation and rekindling prevention, and explosion-proof multiple use requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle battery technology, and in particular to a heat-dissipating battery compartment door. Background Technology

[0002] The vehicle battery compartment door is a supporting protective component for the battery compartment of new energy and fuel vehicles. It is mainly fitted to the top of the battery installation compartment and serves the functions of sealing protection, opening and closing for maintenance, and heat exchange and ventilation inside the compartment. It is suitable for the normal charging and discharging conditions of vehicle batteries in passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Vehicle driving bumps, high-power discharge of batteries generating heat, and thermal runaway and fire of battery cells are all high-frequency operating conditions for this component. In the industry, most rely on battery mounting brackets in combination with heat dissipation compartment doors to form an external protective heat dissipation assembly for batteries to ensure stable operation of vehicle batteries under driving conditions.

[0003] Chinese patent CN221585100U discloses an automotive battery mounting bracket, comprising a square frame and a battery. The square frame has several reinforcing ribs stamped inwards at all four ends. These reinforcing ribs and the square frame together form a cavity for holding the battery. A protective pad is placed at the bottom of the cavity inside the square frame. The reinforcing ribs at the four ends of the square frame increase its compressive strength without increasing its thickness, making it less prone to deformation under pressure. Since the battery's four ends are in contact with the reinforcing ribs, the square frame deforms first under external force, while a gap exists between the battery and the square frame, minimizing damage to the battery during deformation. Furthermore, the gap between the battery and the square frame allows for heat dissipation, and the pre-drilled ventilation holes at the bottom of the square frame ensure proper battery cooling after installation, enhancing safety.

[0004] Currently, the heat dissipation installation architecture for vehicle batteries is designed with cell heat dissipation and structural impact protection as its core design logic. To meet the continuous heat dissipation requirements of batteries under long-distance driving and high-power electrical conditions, the architecture needs to be equipped with cooling fans and reserved ventilation gaps to maintain air circulation in the compartment. External oxygen can be continuously introduced into the battery installation compartment. However, vehicle battery thermal runaway fires are characterized by rapid combustion, spontaneous combustion inside the cells, and a high rate of open flame reignition. Conventional fire prevention solutions in the industry rely solely on built-in fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing agent spraying components for passive fire suppression. The circulating oxygen will continue to fuel the combustion, and the fire extinguishing agent can only cover the external open flames of the battery and cannot penetrate the burning parts of the cells to isolate the internal oxygen. It cannot block the combustion chain from the root. The rigid requirement of heat dissipation and ventilation and the requirement of fire prevention and oxygen isolation form a structural contradiction. Under the vehicle's driving conditions, the fire extinguishing efficiency of battery fires is low, and open flames are difficult to completely extinguish. The overall fire prevention adaptability of vehicle battery compartments is insufficient, and it cannot meet the dual needs of normal heat dissipation and sudden fire prevention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heat-dissipating battery compartment door to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a heat-dissipating battery compartment door, including a mounting base, a mounting compartment fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting base, an inspection slot on one side of the mounting compartment, a limit module movably mounted on the outer side of the inspection slot, a closing mechanism on both sides of the mounting compartment, heat dissipation grooves on the upper ends of both sides of the mounting compartment, a fireproof mechanism fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting compartment, the output end of the fireproof mechanism being located at the top of the mounting compartment, the closing mechanism being located below the heat dissipation grooves, mounting slide grooves on both sides of the bottom of the mounting compartment, a mounting main board slidably connected inside the mounting slide grooves, and a battery body fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting main board; The sealing mechanism includes side grooves and fusible blocks. The side grooves are located at the lower ends of both sides of the mounting chamber. Elastic modules are fixedly connected to both ends of the inner side of the side grooves. A connecting frame is fixedly installed inside the elastic modules. A sealing door is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting frame. The sealing door is located below the heat dissipation groove. An explosion-proof pressure relief module is provided on the outer side of the sealing door. The fusible blocks are installed on both sides of the bottom of the heat dissipation groove with screws. The outer side of the fusible blocks is engaged with the top of the connecting frame. During the application of this device, the fusible plugs and fusible blocks can be made of any one of the following: 47~80℃ indium bismuth alloy, 70℃ Wood's alloy, or 60~130℃ cadmium-free bismuth-tin environmentally friendly alloy. The specific choice can be made according to requirements.

[0007] Furthermore, the limiting module includes an installation rail, which is fixedly connected to both ends of the installation chamber near the inspection slot. An installation plate is slidably connected inside the installation rail, and a cover door is fixedly installed on the inner side of the installation plate, which covers the outer side of the inspection slot.

[0008] Furthermore, both upper ends of the mounting rail are threaded with fixing screws, the ends of which penetrate the mounting rail. The inner cavity of the mounting rail and the overall cross-sectional shape of the mounting plate are both convex.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper end of the mounting plate is provided with a positioning hole, the end of the fixing screw is inserted into the positioning hole, the fixing screw is configured as a screw with a knob, and a regular hexagonal wrench groove is provided on the outside of the knob, and mounting holes are provided at the four corners of the mounting base.

[0010] Furthermore, the elastic module includes a sleeve, which is fixedly connected to both sides of the side groove. A compression spring is fixedly connected inside the sleeve, and a movable block is fixedly connected to the top of the compression spring. The connecting bracket is fixedly connected between the inner sides of the movable block.

[0011] Furthermore, the elastic module also includes an arc-shaped guide housing, which is fixedly installed on both sides of the side groove and positioned above the sleeve. In the reset and extended state of the compression spring, the movable block slides within the arc-shaped guide housing.

[0012] Furthermore, the explosion-proof pressure relief module includes a guide sleeve, which is fixedly connected to the four corners of the outer side of the sealing hatch. A pressure relief buffer spring is fixedly connected to the inner side of the guide sleeve. A sliding plate is fixedly connected to the side of the pressure relief buffer spring near the installation chamber. The sliding plate slides on the inner side of the guide sleeve. An inner frame is fixedly connected to the inner side of the sliding plate. A sealing plate is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inner frame. An explosion-proof pressure relief groove is opened in the middle of the sealing hatch. The sealing plate covers the outer side of the explosion-proof pressure relief groove. During use, when a deflagration or excessive gas pressure occurs, the excessive gas pressure can open the sealing plate. The sealing plate drives the sliding plate to move outward against the pressure of the pressure relief buffer spring, thus opening the explosion-proof pressure relief groove and releasing the pressure, preventing an explosion. When the pressure returns to normal, the pressure relief buffer spring resets and can re-drive the sealing plate to seal the explosion-proof pressure relief groove, achieving the purpose of preventing an explosion.

[0013] Furthermore, heat dissipation racks are fixedly installed in the heat dissipation slots in a linear arrangement at equal intervals. A cooling fan is rotatably connected to the inner side of the heat dissipation rack. The cooling fan on one side of the mounting compartment is set as an exhaust fan, and the cooling fan on the other side of the mounting compartment is set as an intake fan.

[0014] Furthermore, the fire protection mechanism includes a mounting base, which is screwed to the top of the mounting compartment. A high-pressure extinguishing agent canister is screwed to the top of the mounting base. The high-pressure extinguishing agent canister is filled with either a halon extinguishing agent or a perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent. A bent pipe is fixedly installed at the output end of the high-pressure extinguishing agent canister. The output end of the bent pipe extends through the mounting compartment and into its interior. A connecting main pipe is fixedly installed at one end of the bent pipe inside the mounting compartment. Side pipes are fixedly installed on both sides of the connecting main pipe in a linear arrangement with equal spacing. Fire extinguishing nozzles are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of the side pipes. A fusible plug is provided on the inner side of each fire extinguishing nozzle.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressure sensor is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank. The detection end of the pressure sensor is located inside the fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank, and a pressure gauge is provided on the top of the pressure sensor.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: Firstly, in this invention, during the application of this technical solution, by setting up a closed mechanism in conjunction with heat dissipation channels and cooling fans, it can adapt to different working conditions of the battery during use. During the normal working stage of the battery's long-term continuous charging and discharging operation, the fuse block continuously forms a limiting constraint on the internal structure of the closed mechanism, the heat dissipation channels remain open throughout, and the two sets of cooling fans continuously operate to form directional convective airflow. The airflow continuously shuttles through the installation compartment, quickly removing the heat continuously generated during the operation of the battery, maintaining a highly efficient ventilation and heat exchange state in the compartment throughout the process. When the battery experiences thermal runaway and fire, the high temperature will simultaneously trigger the closed mechanism to complete the closing action, and simultaneously link the fire prevention mechanism to release fire extinguishing agent outward. The simultaneous operation of the two structures shortens the response time for fire response, thereby quickly carrying out fire extinguishing operations throughout the compartment. One device simultaneously completes daily heat dissipation and emergency fire extinguishing, taking into account both the normal efficient heat dissipation and the rapid fire extinguishing function.

[0017] Secondly, in this invention, during the application of this technical solution, by setting up a sealing mechanism in conjunction with a fire prevention mechanism and an explosion-proof pressure relief module, the airflow between the cabin and the outside can be quickly blocked after a fire occurs during use. After being triggered by heat, the sealing mechanism directly seals all heat dissipation slots, completely cutting off the channel for the continuous inflow of outside air into the cabin and cutting off the path for the continuous supply of external oxygen to the battery combustion. In conjunction with the fire prevention mechanism, the continuously sprayed extinguishing agent fills the entire internal space of the installation cabin, and the original oxygen in the cabin will be continuously consumed, completely isolating oxygen from contact with the battery cells, thus improving the fire extinguishing effect. After the open flame is extinguished, the sealing mechanism remains sealed, and the cabin still maintains a low-oxygen sealed environment, which can prevent the open flame of the battery from reigniting. When the battery fire generates high-pressure gas, the explosion-proof pressure relief module automatically opens to release the high pressure accumulated in the cabin. After the gas pressure drops, the module structure automatically closes and resets, which also has the function of explosion-proof protection inside the cabin. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover door in the open state in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the battery body in a disassembled state in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting cabin in this invention, viewed from below. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the elastic module and the explosion-proof pressure relief module in this invention; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the explosion-proof pressure relief module in the disassembled state, near the installation chamber. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion-proof pressure relief module in the present invention, showing the side away from the installation chamber in its disassembled state.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 2. Mounting compartment; 3. Inspection slot; 4. Limiting module; 41. Mounting rail; 42. Mounting plate; 43. Covering door; 44. Fixing screw; 45. Positioning hole; 5. Sealing mechanism; 51. Side groove; 52. Fuse block; 53. Elastic module; 531. Sleeve; 532. Compression spring; 533. Movable block; 534. Arc-shaped guide shell; 54. Connecting frame; 55. Sealing door; 56. Explosion-proof pressure relief module; 561. Guide sleeve; 562. Pressure relief buffer spring; 563. Slide plate; 564. Inner frame; 565. Sealing plate; 566. Explosion-proof pressure relief groove; 6. Heat dissipation groove; 7. Fireproof mechanism; 71. Mounting base; 72. Fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank; 73. Bending pipe; 74. Connecting main pipe; 75. Side drain pipe; 76. Fire extinguishing nozzle; 77. Fusible plug; 78. Pressure sensor; 79. Pressure gauge; 8. Mounting slide; 9. Mounting main board; 10. Battery body; 11. Heat dissipation bracket; 12. Cooling fan. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figures 1 to 9 In this embodiment of the invention, a heat-dissipating battery compartment door includes a mounting base 1, a mounting compartment 2 fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting base 1, a maintenance slot 3 opened on one side of the mounting compartment 2, a limit module 4 movably mounted on the outside of the maintenance slot 3, a sealing mechanism 5 on both sides of the mounting compartment 2, a heat dissipation groove 6 opened at the upper end of both sides of the mounting compartment 2, a fireproof mechanism 7 fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting compartment 2, the output end of the fireproof mechanism 7 being located at the top inside the mounting compartment 2, the sealing mechanism 5 being located below the heat dissipation groove 6, and mounting slide grooves 8 opened on both sides of the bottom inside the mounting compartment 2, a mounting main board 9 being slidably connected inside the mounting slide groove 8, and a battery body 10 fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting main board 9. The sealing mechanism 5 includes side grooves 51 and fuse blocks 52. The side grooves 51 are located at the lower ends of both sides of the mounting chamber 2. Elastic modules 53 are fixedly connected to both ends of the inner side of the side grooves 51. A connecting frame 54 is fixedly installed inside the elastic module 53. A sealing door 55 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting frame 54. The sealing door 55 is located below the heat dissipation groove 6. An explosion-proof pressure relief module 56 is provided on the outer side of the sealing door 55. The fuse blocks 52 are installed on both sides of the bottom of the heat dissipation groove 6 with screws. The outer side of the fuse block 52 and the top of the connecting frame 54 are engaged. Through the installation of a sealing mechanism 5, a heat dissipation slot 6, a fireproof mechanism 7, and an explosion-proof pressure relief module 56, it is possible for operators to open the maintenance slot 3 using the limiting module 4 during use. The mounting main board 9, which carries the battery body 10, is then pushed into the mounting compartment 2 along the mounting slide 8. Closing the limiting module 4 blocks the maintenance slot 3. Under normal operating conditions, the fuse block 52 is engaged with and fixed to the connecting frame 54. The elastic module 56... 3. Maintaining a compressed state, the sealing door 55 remains below the heat dissipation slot 6, which remains open, allowing normal airflow within the compartment to remove the heat generated by the battery body 10. In the event of a high-temperature fire, the fuse block 52 loses its limiting effect on the connecting frame 54 due to heat, and the elastic module 53 extends, causing the connecting frame 54 to move, allowing the sealing door 55 to press against the heat dissipation slot 6 to complete the seal, preventing external air from continuously entering the compartment. Simultaneously, the fire prevention mechanism 7 releases extinguishing agent into the installation compartment 2 to reduce the oxygen content inside the compartment. The explosion-proof pressure relief module 56 installed on the outside of the sealing door 55 can discharge excess air pressure when the air pressure inside the compartment rises, and return to a closed state after the air pressure drops, thus continuously maintaining a low-oxygen environment inside the compartment and reducing the possibility of battery reignition. The entire structure can maintain airflow to complete heat dissipation during normal battery operation, and quickly isolate external air and work with extinguishing agents to complete fire suppression after an abnormal temperature rise, while simultaneously balancing the accumulated air pressure inside the compartment.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-5The limiting module 4 includes a mounting rail 41, which is fixedly connected to both ends of the mounting compartment 2 near the inspection slot 3. A mounting plate 42 is slidably connected inside the mounting rail 41, and a cover door 43 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the mounting plate 42, covering the outer side of the inspection slot 3. By setting the limiting module 4, the mounting plate 42 can be slidably adjusted by relying on the mounting rail 41 during use, which can drive the cover door 43 to fit or detach from the inspection slot 3. When the battery body 10 is assembled normally, the mounting plate 42 can be slid to move the cover door away. 43. The exposed maintenance slot 3 facilitates the disassembly and sliding installation of the main board 9. After the battery body 10 is assembled, the mounting plate 42 is slid in the reverse direction, so that the cover door 43 can completely cover the maintenance slot 3. This can seal the side opening of the installation compartment 2, reducing the entry of external debris and dust into the compartment. After the battery catches fire and the heat dissipation slot 6 is sealed, the cover door 43 can work with the side wall of the compartment to form an enclosed space, reducing air communication at the maintenance slot 3. Together with the sealing mechanism 5, it can block external oxygen from entering the compartment, help maintain the sealed environment inside the compartment, and assist the fire prevention mechanism 7 in completing the fire extinguishing operation.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-5 Both upper ends of the mounting rail 41 are threaded with fixing screws 44, the ends of which penetrate the mounting rail 41. The inner cavity of the mounting rail 41 and the overall cross-sectional shape of the mounting plate 42 are both convex. By setting the inner cavity of the mounting rail 41 and the mounting plate 42 in a convex shape, and with the fixing screws 44 threadedly connected to the mounting rail 41, the convex structure can restrict the lateral displacement of the mounting plate 42 during use, limiting the mounting plate 42 to slide only vertically along the mounting rail 41, thus controlling the coverage of the hatch 4. After sliding and adjusting the cover door 43 to cover the inspection slot 3, tighten the fixing screw 44. The screw can be used to connect the limiting mounting plate 42, lock the sliding position of the mounting plate 42, and fix the cover door 43 in the closed state. This prevents the mounting plate 42 from sliding on its own due to vehicle vibration, and prevents the cover door 43 from shifting and leaking out of the inspection slot 3. This can ensure the daily sealing and dust prevention effect of the cabin, and also maintain the complete closure of the inspection slot 3 in the event of a fire, reducing the flow of outside air into the cabin from the inspection slot 3.

[0024] Please see Figures 1-5The mounting plate 42 has a positioning hole 45 at its upper end. The end of the fixing screw 44 is inserted into the positioning hole 45. The fixing screw 44 is a screw with a knob, and a regular hexagonal wrench groove is provided on the outside of the knob. Mounting holes are provided at the four corners of the mounting base 1. By setting the fixing screw 44 with a knob, the positioning hole 45 at the upper end of the mounting plate 42 and the mounting holes of the mounting base 1, the screw end can be inserted into the positioning hole 45 by turning the fixing screw 44 during use, so as to accurately lock the mounting plate 42 and further lock the closed position of the cover door 43. The knob can be turned directly by hand. The regular hexagonal wrench groove on the outside of the knob can be used to assist in turning with a wrench, which is suitable for reinforcement and locking operations under vehicle bumpy conditions, preventing the fixing screw 44 from loosening or shifting. The mounting holes at the four corners of the mounting base 1 can directly complete the overall assembly and fixing of the entire cabin structure, simplifying the overall disassembly and assembly process and improving the ease of operation of cabin assembly, inspection and locking.

[0025] Please see Figures 3-8 The elastic module 53 includes a sleeve 531, which is fixedly connected to both sides of the side groove 51. A compression spring 532 is fixedly connected inside the sleeve 531, and a movable block 533 is fixedly connected to the top of the compression spring 532. A connecting frame 54 is fixedly connected between the inner sides of the movable block 533. By setting the sleeve 531, the compression spring 532 and the movable block 533 to form the elastic module 53, the sleeve 531 can limit the deformation direction of the compression spring 532 during use. Under normal conditions, the compression spring 532 is limited and kept compressed by the connecting frame 54 and the fuse block 52. In its retracted state, it can stably support the connecting frame 54 and the sealing hatch 55, keeping the sealing hatch 55 away from the heat dissipation slot 6 and ensuring normal ventilation and heat dissipation of the heat dissipation slot 6. When the fusible block 52 fails due to heat and releases its limit, the compression spring 532 extends directionally along the inside of the sleeve 531, which can push the movable block 533 to move smoothly, and simultaneously drive the connecting frame 54 to move the sealing hatch 55 upward, autonomously completing the sealing of the heat dissipation slot 6. It can complete the oxygen isolation sealing operation without additional electronic control drive, and the spring force ensures a rapid response to the sealing action, which meets the needs of fire emergency response.

[0026] Please see Figures 3-8The elastic module 53 also includes an arc-shaped guide housing 534, which is fixedly installed on both sides of the side groove 51. The arc-shaped guide housing 534 is located above the sleeve 531. When the compression spring 532 is in its reset and extended state, the movable block 533 slides inside the arc-shaped guide housing 534. By setting the arc-shaped guide housing 534 in conjunction with the compression spring 532 and the movable block 533 inside the sleeve 531, the movable block 533 can slide smoothly along the inside of the arc-shaped guide housing 534 during use as the compression spring 532 extends and pushes the movable block 533 to move. This limits the movement trajectory of the movable block 533 and prevents the movable block 533 from deviating and causing the connecting frame 54 to tilt. This allows the sealing door 55 to move synchronously and fit into the heat dissipation groove 6, completely covering the groove opening. There will be no local gaps that cause continuous air circulation, ensuring the sealing effect of the heat dissipation groove 6 after a fire occurs and stably cutting off the channel for external oxygen to flow into the chamber.

[0027] Please see Figures 8-9 The explosion-proof pressure relief module 56 includes a guide sleeve 561, which is fixedly connected to the four corners of the outer side of the sealing hatch 55. A pressure relief buffer spring 562 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the guide sleeve 561. A sliding plate 563 is fixedly connected to the side of the pressure relief buffer spring 562 near the installation compartment 2. The sliding plate 563 slides on the inner side of the guide sleeve 561. An inner frame 564 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the sliding plate 563. A sealing plate 565 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inner frame 564. An explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566 is opened in the middle of the sealing hatch 55. The sealing plate 565 covers the outer side of the explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566. By setting the guide sleeve 561, pressure relief buffer spring 562, sliding plate 563, inner frame 564, and sealing plate 565 in conjunction with the explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566, the explosion-proof pressure relief module 56 is formed, which ensures that under normal use... The pressure relief buffer spring 562 remains in a normal pushing state, causing the sliding plate 563 to slide against the inner side of the guide sleeve 561. Relying on the inner frame 564, the sealing plate 565 completely covers the explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566, maintaining the overall sealing state of the sealing door 55 and ensuring the airtight oxygen isolation effect of the compartment after the heat dissipation groove 6 is closed. When the battery catches fire and generates deflagration high pressure, the air pressure in the compartment squeezes the sealing plate 565. The sealing plate 565 can drive the sliding plate 563 to squeeze the pressure relief buffer spring 562 to retract and slide outward along the guide sleeve 561, opening the explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566 to release the high-pressure gas in the compartment and dissipate the accumulated air pressure in the compartment. After the air pressure drops, the pressure relief buffer spring 562 rebounds and resets, pushing the sealing plate 565 to close the explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566 again. It can restore the airtight state of the compartment after pressure relief protection and continuously prevent external oxygen from entering the compartment.

[0028] Please see Figures 8-9Heat sink 11 is fixedly installed in a linear arrangement at equal intervals within the heat sink 6. Heat sink fans 12 are rotatably connected to the inner side of the heat sink 11. The heat sink fan 12 on one side of the installation compartment 2 is set as an exhaust fan, and the heat sink fan 12 on the other side of the installation compartment 2 is set as an intake fan. By setting up the heat sink 11 and the heat sink fans 12 arranged in sections on both sides, the heat sink 11 can fixally support each set of heat sink fans 12 during use. One side of the heat sink fan 12 acts as an intake fan to introduce external ambient temperature airflow, and the other side of the heat sink fan 12 acts as an exhaust fan to extract hot airflow from the compartment. The bidirectional fans work together to form a directional convective airflow, which accelerates the air exchange speed inside the installation compartment 2 and removes the heat accumulated by the charging and discharging of the battery body 10 in a timely manner. Under normal conditions, it can maximize the ventilation efficiency of the compartment and ensure the continuous heat dissipation of the battery. After a fire occurs, the heat sink 6 is sealed by the door 55, and the fans stop convective ventilation, which can directly terminate the convective oxygen supply to the compartment. The closed structure blocks the oxygen supply.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-5 and Figure 7The fire protection mechanism 7 includes a mounting base 71, which is screwed to the top of the mounting compartment 2. A high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72 is screwed to the top of the mounting base 71. The high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72 is filled with either a halon extinguishing agent or a perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent. A bent pipe 73 is fixedly installed at the output end of the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72. The output end of the bent pipe 73 extends through the mounting compartment 2 and into its interior. A connecting main pipe 7 is fixedly installed at one end of the bent pipe 73 located inside the mounting compartment 2. 4. Side pipes 75 are fixedly installed on both sides of the main connecting pipe 74 in a linear arrangement with equal spacing. Fire extinguishing nozzles 76 are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of each side pipe 75. A high-pressure isolation diaphragm (not shown in the figure) is also fixedly installed inside the fire extinguishing nozzle 76 above the fusible plug 77. Under normal conditions, the fusible plug 77 presses against and supports the high-pressure isolation diaphragm to seal the pipeline. This is achieved by installing a mounting base 71, a high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72, a bent pipe 73, a main connecting pipe 74, side pipes 75, and fire extinguishing nozzles with fusible plugs 77. The head 76 forms a fireproof mechanism 7, allowing the mounting base 71 to be detachably installed and fixed to the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72 during use, facilitating future tank replacement and extinguishing agent replenishment. Under normal conditions, the high-pressure isolation diaphragm inside the fire extinguishing nozzle 76 prevents extinguishing agent leakage, and the fusible plug 77 provides structural support for the high-pressure isolation diaphragm, preventing it from rupturing under high pressure. In high-temperature fire conditions, the fusible plug 77 melts and loses its supporting force, causing the high-pressure isolation diaphragm to rupture instantly under the high pressure of the extinguishing agent, opening the spray path and allowing the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72 to be released. The internally stored extinguishing agent can be delivered to the connecting main pipe 74 via the bent pipe 73, then distributed to each group of side pipes 75, and finally sprayed downwards from multiple groups of extinguishing nozzles 76, covering the entire interior space of the installation compartment 2. It can quickly consume the residual oxygen in the compartment, and together with the sealed compartment environment, it can suppress the combustion of the battery. The two types of extinguishing agents selected can fit the usage environment of the vehicle compartment and will not corrode the structure of the battery body 10. The multi-point spray layout can reduce the fire extinguishing blind spots in the compartment and improve the fire extinguishing coverage area in the compartment.

[0030] Please see Figures 1-5 and Figure 7 A pressure sensor 78 is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72. The detection end of the pressure sensor 78 is located inside the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72. A pressure gauge 79 is installed on the top of the pressure sensor 78. By installing the pressure sensor 78 and the pressure gauge 79 on the top of the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72, the pressure sensor 78 can continuously collect the internal pressure value of the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72 during use. The collected data is synchronously transmitted to the pressure gauge 79 for intuitive display. The staff can directly observe the pressure gauge 79 to know the remaining extinguishing agent in the tank, and can complete the extinguishing agent replenishment or tank replacement operations in a timely manner. This avoids insufficient internal pressure of the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72, which may cause insufficient extinguishing agent spray volume when a fire occurs. It ensures that after the fire prevention mechanism 7 is triggered, a sufficient amount of extinguishing agent is sprayed into the installation compartment 2 to participate in the fire fighting operation.

[0031] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During application, a small wiring hole adapted to the battery circuit system is pre-drilled in the mounting compartment 2. The external battery wires pass through the wiring hole and connect to the vehicle circuit. The diameter of the wiring hole is completely fitted with the outer diameter of the wire, and the wire completely fills the internal pores of the wiring hole, leaving only a tiny gap for a small amount of gas exchange. The flow rate of this small amount of gas exchange is extremely low, and the amount of oxygen entering is insufficient to support the continuous combustion of the battery. It does not weaken the overall fire extinguishing and oxygen isolation effect inside the compartment. Depending on the operating conditions, the user can add a heat-resistant sealing ring to the inner wall of the wiring hole to further fill the remaining gaps in the hole and maximize the blockage of gas communication within the hole. After completing the wiring sealing treatment, the bottom of the battery body 10 is fixed to the mounting main board 9 with screws, and then the mounting main board 9 is slid into the mounting groove 8. The assembly of the battery body 10 is completed. The mounting plate 42 is inserted into the mounting rail 41, so that the cover door 43 completely covers the inspection slot 3. The fixing screw 44 is rotated so that the end of the fixing screw 44 is inserted into the positioning hole 45 of the mounting plate 42 and the mounting plate 42 is locked. Finally, the fuse block 52 is assembled and fixed to the bottom of the heat dissipation slot 6 with screws, so that the fuse block 52 abuts against the limit connecting bracket 54 and squeezes the compression spring 532 inside the elastic module 53 to maintain the compressed and stored state. All the pre-assembly procedures of the device are completed. It should be added that the wiring hole can only achieve a small amount of gas exchange. The amount of oxygen introduced is not enough to support the battery re-ignition and will not change the fire extinguishing environment of the compartment. After adding the heat-resistant sealing ring, the hidden danger of gas exchange in the wiring hole can be further eliminated and the airtightness of the compartment can be improved.

[0032] Under normal vehicle-mounted operating conditions, the fuse block 52 continuously abuts against the limiting connecting bracket 54, the compression spring 532 cannot rebound and displace, the sealing door 55 remains in a fixed lower position, the heat dissipation slot 6 is in a completely open state throughout, the two sets of cooling fans 12 carried by the heat dissipation frame 11 inside the heat dissipation slot 6 operate synchronously, one cooling fan 12 acts as an intake fan to introduce external ambient temperature air, and the other cooling fan 12 acts as an exhaust fan to extract high temperature air from the compartment, relying on bidirectional convection to form an efficient ventilation and heat dissipation condition in the compartment, which can promptly remove the heat accumulated by the charging and discharging operation of the battery body 10. The wiring holes only have a small amount of gas interconnection, which will not interfere with the large-scale air convection dominated by the cooling fan 12, ensuring the stable operation of the battery body 10 in all weather conditions for efficient ventilation and heat dissipation.

[0033] When the battery body 10 experiences thermal runaway and catches fire, and the ambient temperature inside the compartment reaches the alloy melting threshold, the high temperature will simultaneously melt the fuse block 52 at the bottom of the heat sink 6 and the fuse plug 77 inside the fire extinguishing nozzle 76. After the fuse block 52 loses its restraint against the connecting frame 54, the compression spring 532 inside the elastic module 53 will directly rebound and reset, pushing the movable block 533 to slide directionally along the arc-shaped guide housing 534. The linkage connecting frame 54 will drive the sealing door 55 to move vertically upward, so that the sealing door 55 fits against the sealing heat sink 6, directly blocking the large-scale airflow channel formed by the cooling fan 12, preventing a large amount of external air from entering the installation compartment 2. After the fuse plug 77 melts, it will directly open the fire extinguishing agent. The high-pressure tank 72 spray path allows the extinguishing agent inside to flow into the main connecting pipe 74 via the bent pipe 73, then be distributed to each group of side pipes 75, and finally evenly sprayed into the installation compartment 2 by the extinguishing nozzle 76. At this time, the installation compartment 2 forms a sealed cavity with the closed heat dissipation groove 6 and the closed maintenance groove 3. Only the wiring holes have a small amount of gas exchange. Even without the support of heat-resistant sealing rings, the amount of oxygen entering the holes is extremely low and cannot maintain open flame combustion. After adding heat-resistant sealing rings, the gas exchange in the wiring holes can be completely weakened, and the original oxygen in the compartment will be quickly consumed. The continuously filling extinguishing agent covers the entire area of ​​the battery body 10, further isolating oxygen from contacting the battery cells and improving the overall fire extinguishing effect.

[0034] If the battery body 10 catches fire and causes a cell deflagration, the instantaneous air pressure inside the compartment will rise sharply. The air pressure inside the compartment will act on the sealing plate 565 on the outside of the sealing door 55, causing the sealing plate 565 to move outward against the elastic force of the pressure relief buffer spring 562. The sealing plate 565 will then slide along the inside of the guide sleeve 561 in conjunction with the sliding plate 563, opening the explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566. The high-pressure gas inside the compartment will be quickly discharged to relieve the deflagration pressure. After the air pressure inside the compartment returns to a stable value, the pressure relief buffer spring 562 will automatically rebound and reset, causing the sliding plate 563 and the sealing plate 565 to return to their positions, and the explosion-proof pressure relief groove 566 will be closed again, allowing the installation compartment 2 to return to a sealed and oxygen-free state. The extinguishing agent will continue to spray and fill, relying on the sealed compartment to continuously dissipate the residual oxygen and completely extinguish the open flame of the battery.

[0035] This technical solution relies on the temperature-linked triggering logic of the fuse block 52 and the fuse plug 77 to achieve autonomous switching of operating conditions. Under normal operating conditions, the fuse block 52 limits and locks the sealing door 55, while the heat dissipation slot 6 is open. With the bidirectional operation of the cooling fan 12, efficient convection ventilation inside the installation compartment 2 is maintained to meet the heat dissipation requirements of long-term charging and discharging of the battery. Under fire conditions, the heat dissipation slot 6 can be closed simultaneously and quickly to cut off a large number of air circulation paths and block the supply of oxygen for combustion from the source. Under fire conditions, the high-pressure extinguishing agent tank 72 outputs extinguishing agent to fill the sealed compartment, achieving powerful fire extinguishing in conjunction with the low-ventilation sealed environment of the compartment. The explosion-proof pressure relief module 56 can autonomously adapt to the cell deflagration condition, automatically reset and seal after timely pressure relief, taking into account both pressure relief protection and subsequent oxygen isolation fire extinguishing operations. The linkage and cooperation of various structures solve the problems of conventional heat dissipation structures exacerbating battery fires due to ventilation and oxygen supply, and the poor fire extinguishing effect caused by the inability of a single extinguishing agent to isolate oxygen.

Claims

1. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door, characterized in that, The device includes a mounting base (1), a mounting compartment (2) is fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting base (1), a maintenance slot (3) is provided on one side of the mounting compartment (2), a limit module (4) is movably mounted on the outside of the maintenance slot (3), a closing mechanism (5) is provided on both sides of the mounting compartment (2), a heat dissipation groove (6) is provided on the upper end of both sides of the mounting compartment (2), a fireproof mechanism (7) is fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting compartment (2), the output end of the fireproof mechanism (7) is located at the top inside the mounting compartment (2), the closing mechanism (5) is located below the heat dissipation groove (6), a mounting slide groove (8) is provided on both sides of the bottom inside the mounting compartment (2), a mounting main board (9) is slidably connected inside the mounting slide groove (8), and a battery body (10) is fixedly mounted on the top of the mounting main board (9). The sealing mechanism (5) includes a side groove (51) and a fuse block (52). The side groove (51) is opened at the lower ends of both sides of the mounting compartment (2). Both ends of the inner side of the side groove (51) are fixedly connected to an elastic module (53). A connecting frame (54) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the elastic module (53). A sealing door (55) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting frame (54). The sealing door (55) is located below the heat dissipation groove (6). An explosion-proof pressure relief module (56) is provided on the outer side of the sealing door (55). The fuse block (52) is installed on both sides of the bottom of the heat dissipation groove (6) by screws. The outer side of the fuse block (52) is engaged with the top of the connecting frame (54).

2. The heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting module (4) includes an installation rail (41), which is fixedly connected to both ends of the installation chamber (2) near the inspection slot (3). An installation plate (42) is slidably connected inside the installation rail (41), and a cover door (43) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the installation plate (42). The cover door (43) covers the outer side of the inspection slot (3).

3. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper ends of both sides of the mounting rail (41) are threaded with fixing screws (44), the ends of the fixing screws (44) penetrate the mounting rail (41), and the inner cavity of the mounting rail (41) and the overall cross-sectional shape of the mounting plate (42) are both convex.

4. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting plate (42) has a positioning hole (45) at its upper end. The end of the fixing screw (44) is inserted into the positioning hole (45). The fixing screw (44) is a screw with a knob, and a regular hexagonal wrench groove is provided on the outside of the knob. The mounting base (1) has mounting holes at all four corners.

5. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic module (53) includes a sleeve (531), which is fixedly connected to both sides of the side groove (51). A compression spring (532) is fixedly connected inside the sleeve (531). A movable block (533) is fixedly connected to the top of the compression spring (532). The connecting frame (54) is fixedly connected between the inner sides of the movable block (533).

6. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 5, characterized in that, The elastic module (53) also includes an arc-shaped guide housing (534), which is fixedly installed on both sides of the side groove (51). The arc-shaped guide housing (534) is located above the sleeve (531). When the compression spring (532) is in the reset and extended state, the movable block (533) slides inside the arc-shaped guide housing (534).

7. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion-proof pressure relief module (56) includes a guide sleeve (561), which is fixedly connected to the four corners of the outer side of the sealing hatch (55). A pressure relief buffer spring (562) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the guide sleeve (561). A sliding plate (563) is fixedly connected to the side of the pressure relief buffer spring (562) near the installation chamber (2). The sliding plate (563) slides on the inner side of the guide sleeve (561). An inner frame (564) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the sliding plate (563). A sealing plate (565) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the inner frame (564). An explosion-proof pressure relief groove (566) is opened in the middle of the sealing hatch (55). The sealing plate (565) covers the outer side of the explosion-proof pressure relief groove (566).

8. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 1, characterized in that, Heat sinks (6) are fixedly installed with heat sinks (11) arranged linearly at equal intervals. Heat sinks (11) are rotatably connected to the inner side of heat sinks (12). The heat sinks (12) on one side of the mounting compartment (2) are set as exhaust fans, and the heat sinks (12) on the other side of the mounting compartment (2) are set as intake fans.

9. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire protection mechanism (7) includes a mounting base (71), which is installed on the top of the installation compartment (2) by screws. A fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank (72) is installed on the top of the mounting base (71) by screws. The fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank (72) is filled with either halon fire extinguishing agent or perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent. A bent pipe (73) is fixedly installed at the output end of the fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank (72). The output end of the bent pipe (73) extends through the installation compartment (2) and into its interior. A connecting main pipe (74) is fixedly installed at one end of the bent pipe (73) located in the installation compartment (2). Side drain pipes (75) are fixedly installed on both sides of the connecting main pipe (74) in a linear arrangement with equal spacing. Fire extinguishing nozzles (76) are fixedly installed at both ends of the bottom of the side drain pipes (75). A fusible plug (77) is provided on the inner side of the fire extinguishing nozzle (76).

10. A heat-dissipating battery compartment door according to claim 9, characterized in that, A pressure sensor (78) is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank (72). The detection end of the pressure sensor (78) is located inside the fire extinguishing agent high-pressure tank (72). A pressure gauge (79) is provided on the top of the pressure sensor (78).

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