Narrow site small diameter kelly tmb assembly and step construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a narrow site small-diameter Kelly TBM assembling and stepping construction method, which comprises the following steps: one, installation of inner and outer Kelly combined parts; two, installation of a transmission shaft; three, installation of a rear support combined part; four, installation of a pushing oil cylinder; five, installation of a lower shield and a driving box; six, installation of a main driving motor and a main machine belt machine; seven, installation of a cutter head and an upper shield; eight, installation of a trolley, a connecting bridge and a rear matched trolley equipment; and nine, forward sliding stepping by using a Kelly TBM hydraulic system. The sliding stepping device is installed on the Kelly TBM, the whole machine is moved forward by using the friction of the sliding stepping device under the condition of no segment support, the "empty pushing" problem of the Kelly TBM entering the starting hole section from the assembling area is solved, the Kelly TBM is stable and no torsion occurs in the flat bottom stepping process, the stepping action of the Kelly TBM can be completed by using the hydraulic system of the Kelly TBM, and the stepping special oil cylinder and the pump station are not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction technology, specifically relating to a method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space using a step-by-step approach. Background Technology

[0002] Kjeldahl TBMs (open-face hard rock tunnel boring machines) are widely used in long-distance tunnel projects in water conservancy and transportation due to their advantages in adapting to hard rock and high-efficiency tunneling. Kjeldahl TBMs mostly use flatbed or rail-mounted walking paths and are primarily designed for conventional diameter tunnels in spacious construction sites. However, for small-diameter Kjeldahl TBMs operating in confined spaces, such as a water supply project in a certain region, the main components include an intake open channel, an intake gate chamber, a water diversion tunnel, an outlet culvert and distribution pool, operation and management offices, and living quarters. The total length of the water diversion line is approximately 17.068 km, of which the tunnel section is 16.534 km long. Four adit tunnels are arranged along the tunnel, with a total length of 2261.7 m. The main tunnel construction of the water diversion tunnel employed a single Kjeldahl TBM in conjunction with conventional drill-and-blast methods. Conventional drill-and-blast excavation covered 5.916 km, while the Kjeldahl TBM excavated 10.618 km. The cutterhead diameter was 3.8 m. Starting from the water diversion tunnel outlet, the limited assembly area outside the tunnel presented significant challenges. The Kjeldahl TBM's stepping motion faced numerous technical bottlenecks. Traditional stepping methods relied on raised rails to simulate sliding conditions, requiring substantial amounts of steel, and were time-consuming and cumbersome to install and dismantle, resulting in low efficiency. The machine's large weight and difficulty in controlling sliding height differences led to potential deviations and jamming. Stepping power depended on dedicated stepping cylinders and pump stations, resulting in bulky equipment, difficult placement in confined spaces, high investment costs, and poor flexibility. Adjusting the Kjeldahl TBM's posture in confined spaces was challenging and prone to safety accidents. Therefore, a more efficient, safe, and low-cost assembly and stepping construction method for the Kjeldahl TBM was needed, suitable for confined spaces. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a method for assembling and stepping construction of a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in narrow spaces. By installing a sliding stepping device on the Kjeldahl TBM, the entire machine is moved forward by friction driven by the sliding stepping device under conditions of no segment support or assembly site outside the tunnel. This solves the problem of "empty pushing" when the Kjeldahl TBM enters the starting tunnel section from the assembly area, ensuring that the Kjeldahl TBM is stable and does not twist during the stepping process on the flat bottom. The stepping action of the Kjeldahl TBM can be completed using the hydraulic system of the Kjeldahl TBM, without relying on dedicated stepping cylinders and pump stations.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Installation of the inner and outer shell assembly: The inner and outer armor assembly includes an inner armor, an outer armor assembly fitted onto the inner armor, and an outer armor stepper frame installed at the bottom of the outer armor assembly. The specific installation process is as follows: Step 101: The two ends of the inner Kai 1 are connected to support frames. The inner Kai 1 is hoisted to the set position. Step 102: Assemble the outer Kai stepper frame and place the assembled outer Kai stepper frame below the inner Kai 1; Step 103: Hoist the left and right split structures of the outer shell assembly in sequence, and install the outer shell assembly on the inner shell. Step 104: Move the outer stepper frame to directly below the outer stepper assembly, bolt the outer stepper assembly to the outer stepper frame, and then remove the support frames at both ends of the inner stepper. Step 2, installation of the drive shaft, specifically includes the following process: First, install the drive shaft protective cover on the outer shell assembly, then use slings to lift the drive shaft, so that the drive shaft passes through the rear end of the drive shaft protective cover and slides along the drive shaft protective cover to the front end; Step 3: Installation of the rear support assembly: The rear support assembly includes inner support 2 and a rear support installed on inner support 2. The specific installation process includes: setting a rear support stepping frame at the bottom of the rear support, and after the whole assembly is hoisted into place, bolting inner support 2 to inner support 1. Step 4: Install the hydraulic cylinder; Step 5: Installation of the lower shield and drive box: The bottom of the lower shield is equipped with a lower shield stepping frame. The lower shield and the lower shield stepping frame are hoisted together to the accurate position at the front end of the inner shield. Then the drive box is hoisted. After the drive box is connected to the inner shield, the position of the lower shield is adjusted by hand-pulled chain hoists and other tools. After the position of the lower shield is adjusted, the lower shield hydraulic cylinder between the drive box and the lower shield is installed. Step Six: Installation of the main drive motor and main conveyor belt; Step 7: Installation of the cutter head and upper shield: First, tilt and lift the cutterhead, then install the shield, and at the same time install the upper shield hydraulic cylinder between the shield and the drive box; Step 8: Installation of the pulley, connecting bridge, and rear auxiliary trolley equipment: Slip shoes are welded to both sides of each trolley to precisely level the height difference between the stepping ground and the starting hole, so that the sliding slope error is no more than 1‰ and the flatness of the bottom surface is no more than 2mm; a hydraulic pump station is installed on trolley No. 1. Step 9: Proceed forward using the Kelley TBM hydraulic system: Step 901: Retract the clamping cylinder and the upper shield cylinder to release the tight support between the shield and the cave wall; Step 902: Extend the rear support vertical cylinder and the lower shield cylinder to raise the main unit, the lower shield stepping frame, the outer armor stepping frame, and the rear support stepping frame. Step 903: Extend the propulsion cylinder to push the outer K-type assembly, outer K-type stepping frame and support shoe forward to adjust the attitude of the K-type TBM main unit; Step 904: Retract the rear support vertical cylinder and the lower shield cylinder to lower the main unit, lower shield stepping frame, outer armor stepping frame and rear support stepping frame; Step 905: Extend the support boot cylinder to tighten the clamping cylinder and the upper shield cylinder, so that the shield is tightly supported between the shield and the cave wall; Step 906: Retract the propulsion cylinder, and under the action of the reaction force, make the whole machine move forward one step. Step 907: Repeat steps 901 to 906 multiple times to complete the whole machine stepping.

[0005] The above-mentioned method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter K-type TBM in a narrow space includes an outer K-type stepping frame comprising a bottom frame, a triangular bracket mounted on the bottom frame, and a support base mounted on the top of the triangular bracket, wherein the support base is fixedly connected to the outer K-type assembly.

[0006] The above-mentioned method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjell TBM in a narrow space includes a bottom frame comprising multiple parallel bottom beams and two support beams parallel to the multiple bottom beams. The support beams are perpendicular to the bottom beams. The triangular bracket is a right-angled tripod, and a diagonal tie rod is provided between the vertical rod of the right-angled tripod and the bottom beam of the bottom frame.

[0007] The above-mentioned method for assembling and advancing a small-diameter Kjell TBM in a narrow space includes a lower shield advancing frame comprising two identical and symmetrically arranged first arc-shaped support seats and a crossbeam for connecting the two first arc-shaped support seats.

[0008] The above-mentioned method for assembling and stepping construction of a small-diameter Kjell TBM in a narrow space includes a rear support stepping frame comprising two identical and symmetrically arranged second arc-shaped support seats.

[0009] The above-mentioned method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter K-type TBM in a narrow space involves a step distance ranging from 1.5m to 2m, with the K-type TBM's sliding speed not exceeding 1m / min. Every two cycles, the wear of the sliding shoes, the weld condition of the lower shield stepping frame, the outer K-type stepping frame, and the rear support stepping frame, as well as the tightness of the bolts, are checked. When the wear of the sliding shoes exceeds the set value, the sliding shoes need to be re-welded. If any weld defect occurs in the lower shield stepping frame, the outer K-type stepping frame, or the rear support stepping frame, it needs to be repaired by welding in a timely manner, and the weld quality needs to be restored.

[0010] In the above-mentioned method for assembling and stepping TBMs in narrow spaces with small diameters, in step nine, after repeatedly completing the stepping of the entire machine, the elevation and deviation of the TBM's cutterhead center and the main machine axis are checked to be no more than 10mm; then, the slip shoes, lower shield stepping frame, outer K-type stepping frame, and rear support stepping frame are removed.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The lower shield stepping frame, outer shield stepping frame, and rear support stepping frame of this invention together form a sliding stepping device. In actual use, under conditions of no segment support or assembly site outside the tunnel, the friction of the sliding stepping device drives the whole machine forward, solving the problem of "empty push" when the K-type TBM enters the starting tunnel section from the assembly area. The lower shield stepping frame can slightly lift the shield main unit to reduce friction. With the help of the propulsion cylinder, the shield main unit can move forward by itself without relying on external traction equipment. The bottom of the outer shield stepping frame and the rear support stepping frame are fixed with high friction with the concrete base plate. The top of the outer shield stepping frame and the rear support stepping frame slide with low friction with the outer shield and the rear support, respectively. At the same time, the vertical cylinder and the horizontal cylinder of the rear support are used to adjust the attitude of the K-type TBM, ensuring that the K-type TBM is stable and does not twist during the flat-bottom stepping process. There is no need to weld reaction frames or lay complex tracks. The structure is simple, easy to disassemble and assemble, significantly shortens the start-up preparation time, and saves steel and labor costs.

[0012] 2. This invention improves the efficiency of the TBM by installing sliding shoes on the trolleys, replacing the traditional raised rails. Steel sliding shoes are fabricated on-site and welded to the bottom of the trolleys. There are two pairs of sliding shoes on each trolley section, one at the front and one at the back. During the movement, the sliding shoes slide on the concrete ground to compensate for the height difference of the trolleys. When the trolley reaches the starting tunnel, the front end of the trolley enters and obtains support from the bottom of the starting tunnel. The front sliding shoes are then removed. After most of the trolley has entered the starting tunnel, the rear sliding shoes are removed. This improves the movement efficiency and saves construction costs.

[0013] 3. This invention utilizes the lower shield cylinder, rear support vertical cylinder, clamping cylinder, and propulsion cylinder of the KAI TBM to complete the stepping action of the KAI TBM. The hydraulic power source is the main pump station of the KAI TBM. Compared with the traditional flat-plate stepping machine, it does not rely on dedicated stepping cylinders and pump stations. Moreover, the direction can be adjusted through the rear support horizontal cylinder during the stepping process. There is no need to construct stepping guide grooves. The structure is simple, highly adaptable, and has significant economic benefits.

[0014] In summary, this invention solves the problem of "empty pushing" when the K-type TBM enters the starting tunnel section from the assembly area by installing a sliding stepping device on it. This is achieved under conditions where there is no segment support or the assembly site is outside the tunnel, and the friction of the sliding stepping device drives the entire machine forward. This ensures that the K-type TBM is stable and does not twist during the flat-bottom stepping process. The stepping action of the K-type TBM can be completed using the hydraulic system of the K-type TBM, without relying on dedicated stepping cylinders and pump stations.

[0015] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hoisting structure of the inner Kaiyi of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation process of the external Kai stepper frame of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation process of the outer casing assembly of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the outer shell stepper frame and the outer shell assembly of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation process of the inner support and rear support of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation process of the drive box of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation process of the cutter head of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the Kelvin TBM main unit and the lower shield stepping frame of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the outer shell and the outer shell stepper frame of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the rear support and the rear support stepping frame of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the trolley and the skate in this invention.

[0028] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the skate boot of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-1—Inner frame one; 1-1-1—Support frame; 1-2—Inner frame two; 2—Outer armor assembly; 3—Rear support; 4—Lower shield stepping frame; 4-1—First arc-shaped support base; 4-2—Crossbeam; 5—Outer frame stepping frame; 5-1—Bottom frame; 5-2—Triangular bracket; 5-3—Support base; 5-4—Diagonal tie rod; 6—Rear support stepping frame; 7—Pullover; 8—Slipper; 9—Rear support vertical cylinder; 10—Rear support horizontal cylinder; 11—Lower shield cylinder; 12—Propulsion cylinder; 13—Shoe support cylinder; 14—Drive shaft; 15—Lower shield; 16—Upper shield; 17—Upper shield cylinder; 18—Cutter head; 19—Drive box. Detailed Implementation

[0030] like Figure 1 The method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space, as shown, includes the following steps: Step 1: Installation of the inner and outer shell assembly: The inner and outer armor assembly includes an inner armor 1-1, an outer armor assembly 2 fitted onto the inner armor 1-1, and an outer armor stepping frame 5 installed at the bottom of the outer armor assembly 2. The specific installation process is as follows: like Figure 2 As shown in step 101, the two ends of the inner Kai-1-1 are connected to support frames 1-1-1, and the inner Kai-1-1 is hoisted to the set position. like Figure 3 As shown, in step 102, assemble the outer Kai stepper frame 5 and place the assembled outer Kai stepper frame 5 below the inner Kai 1-1; like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in step 103, the left and right split structures of the outer shell assembly 2 are hoisted in sequence, and the outer shell assembly 2 is installed on the inner shell 1-1. Step 104: Move the outer Kai stepping frame 5 directly below the outer Kai assembly 2, and bolt the outer Kai assembly 2 to the outer Kai stepping frame 5. Then, remove the support frames 1-1-1 at both ends of the inner Kai 1-1. It should be noted that during the assembly of the small-diameter K-type TBM, the inner K-type 1-1 and inner K-type 2-2 are coaxially connected, resulting in large length and volume, which leads to poor hoisting safety. Therefore, the inner K-type is divided into inner K-type 1-1 and inner K-type 2-2, which serve as the hoisting foundations for the two combined components, reducing the hoisting difficulty. The hoisting position of inner K-type 1-1 determines the overall layout of the K-type TBM. Initially, two support frames 1-1-1 support and carry inner K-type 1-1 and outer K-type assembly 2. After bolting outer K-type assembly 2 to outer K-type stepping frame 5, the two support frames 1-1-1 are removed. At this point, outer K-type stepping frame 5 supports and carries inner K-type 1-1 and outer K-type assembly 2. The horizontal height of the center line of inner K-type 1-1 and outer K-type assembly 2 is determined by the installation height of outer K-type stepping frame 5.

[0031] During the stepping operation of the K-type TBM, the outer K-type stepping frame 5 acts as a rigid fulcrum to bear the weight and thrust of the main unit. In conjunction with the propulsion cylinder 12, it ensures the smooth forward movement of the outer K-type assembly 2 and the entire machine, enabling cyclical stepping operation of the K-type TBM. During assembly or transport, the outer K-type stepping frame 5 can support the outer K-type assembly 2, optimizing the stress structure and preventing swaying or deformation of the assembly, ensuring safe transport at steep angles. The outer K-type stepping frame 5 is adaptable to different surrounding rock conditions and steel arch spacing, improving operational adaptability in soft rock formations.

[0032] Step 2, installation of drive shaft 14, specifically includes the following process: First, install the drive shaft protective cover on the outer armor assembly 2, then use slings to lift the drive shaft 14, so that the drive shaft 14 passes through the rear end of the drive shaft protective cover and slides along the drive shaft protective cover to the front end; It should be noted that, in order to ensure the reliable installation of the drive shaft 14 and the drive shaft protective cover, the drive shaft protective cover should be installed first. This avoids the situation where the drive shaft protective cover cannot be installed after the drive shaft 14 is installed first. The drive shaft protective cover can serve as a temporary support for the drive shaft 14 and can also guide the insertion of the drive shaft 14.

[0033] like Figure 6 As shown, step three involves the installation of the rear support assembly: The rear support assembly includes inner support 2 1-2 and rear support 3 installed on inner support 2 1-2. The specific installation process includes: setting a rear support stepping frame 6 at the bottom of the rear support 3, and after hoisting the whole assembly into place, bolting inner support 2 1-2 to inner support 1-1. It should be noted that the inner casing of this small-diameter K-type TBM is divided into two parts: inner casing 1-1 and inner casing 2-2. Inner casing 1-1 and inner casing 2-2 are fixedly connected by flanges and bolts. During hoisting, inner casing 2-2, rear support 3, and rear support stepping frame 6 are hoisted together as a whole. The rear support stepping frame 6 plays the role of supporting and bearing inner casing 2-2 and rear support 3. In the K-type TBM's no-load or stepping operation, the rear support stepping frame 6 can provide rear reaction force support for the main unit, maintain the stability of the overall machine attitude, and assist the main unit in sliding forward. It can share the weight of the rear of the K-type TBM main unit, prevent the head of the K-type TBM from sinking or tilting, and ensure the accuracy of the K-type TBM's tunneling axis. In conjunction with the rear support vertical cylinder 9, the pitch of the K-type TBM body can be adjusted.

[0034] Step 4: Install the hydraulic cylinder; like Figure 7 As shown, step five involves the installation of the lower shield and drive box: The lower shield 15 is equipped with a lower shield stepping frame 4 at its bottom. The lower shield 15 and the lower shield stepping frame 4 are hoisted together to the accurate position at the front end of the inner shield 1-1. Then the drive box 19 is hoisted. After the drive box 19 is connected to the inner shield 1-1, the position of the lower shield 15 is adjusted by using tools such as a chain hoist. After the position of the lower shield 15 is adjusted, the lower shield cylinder 11 between the drive box 19 and the lower shield 15 is installed. Step Six: Installation of the main drive motor and main conveyor belt; like Figure 8 As shown, step seven, installation of the cutter head and upper shield: First, flip over and lift the cutter head 18, then install the shield 16, and at the same time install the upper shield cylinder 17 between the shield 16 and the drive box 19; It should be noted that after the upper shield 16 is connected, the assembly ring of the steel arch frame installer needs to be fixed on the inner wall of the upper shield 16, and the drilling rig steel structure and its propulsion beam are installed. At this point, the assembly of the main unit of the KJ TBM is completed. The component division of this assembly method is reasonable. Combined with the existing conditions of the narrow site, it avoids the hoisting of excessively large or long components. The assembly is carried out from the inside out, which effectively improves the assembly efficiency and assembly accuracy of the main unit of the KJ TBM.

[0035] Step 8: Installation of the pulley, connecting bridge, and rear auxiliary trolley equipment: Slide shoes 8 are welded to both sides of each trolley 7 to precisely level the height difference between the stepping ground and the starting hole, so that the sliding slope error is no more than 1‰ and the flatness of the bottom surface is no more than 2mm; a hydraulic pump station is installed on the trolley 7 mentioned in No. 1; It should be noted that before the KAI-TBM enters the tunnel, all major components such as the main unit, pulley, connecting bridge, and rear auxiliary trolley equipment of the KAI-TBM are assembled, and all necessary preliminary commissioning work has been completed to ensure that the requirements of the KAI-TBM stepping operation and subsequent tunneling are met.

[0036] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, step nine involves using the Kelley TBM hydraulic system to slide forward: Step 901: Retract the clamping cylinder and the upper shield cylinder 17 to release the tight support between the shield and the cave wall; Step 902: Extend the rear support vertical cylinder 9 and the lower shield cylinder 11 to raise the main unit, the lower shield stepping frame 4, the outer armor stepping frame 5 and the rear support stepping frame 6. Step 903: Extend the propulsion cylinder 12 to push the outer Kai assembly 2, the outer Kai stepping frame 5 and the support shoe forward to adjust the attitude of the Kai-type TBM main unit; Step 904: Retract the rear support vertical cylinder 9 and the lower shield cylinder 11, so that the main unit, the lower shield stepping frame 4, the outer shield stepping frame 5 and the rear support stepping frame 6 all fall down; Step 905: Extend the support boot cylinder 13 to tighten and clamp the cylinder and the upper shield cylinder 17, so that the shield is tightly supported between the shield and the cave wall; Step 906: Retract the propulsion cylinder 12, and under the action of the reaction force, make the whole machine move forward one step. Step 907: Repeat steps 901 to 906 multiple times to complete the whole machine stepping.

[0037] like Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the lower shield stepping frame 4, the outer K-type stepping frame 5, and the rear support stepping frame 6 together form a sliding stepping device. In actual use, under conditions of no segment support or assembly site outside the tunnel, the friction difference of the sliding stepping device drives the whole machine to move forward, solving the "empty push" problem of the K-type TBM entering the starting tunnel section from the assembly area. The lower shield stepping frame 4 can slightly lift the shield main unit 1 to reduce friction, and together with the propulsion cylinder 12, the shield main unit 1 can move forward by itself without relying on external traction equipment. The outer K-type stepping frame... The bottoms of both the outer Kai stepping frame 5 and the rear support stepping frame 6 are fixed with high friction against the concrete base plate. The tops of the outer Kai stepping frame 5 and the rear support stepping frame 6 slide with low friction against the outer Kai assembly 2 and the rear support 3, respectively. At the same time, the vertical cylinder 9 and the horizontal cylinder 10 of the rear support are used to adjust the attitude of the Kai TBM, ensuring that the Kai TBM is stable and does not twist during the flat-bottom stepping process. There is no need to weld reaction frames or lay complex tracks. The structure is simple, easy to assemble and disassemble, significantly shortens the start-up preparation time, and saves steel and labor costs.

[0038] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, in this embodiment, by installing sliding shoes 8 on the trolleys of the KJ TBM, the traditional raised track panels are replaced by sliding shoes 8. Steel sliding shoes 8 are fabricated on-site and welded to the bottom of the trolley 7. There are two pairs of sliding shoes 8 at the front and back of each trolley 7. During the stepping process, the sliding shoes 8 slide on the concrete ground to compensate for the height difference of the trolley 7. When the trolley 7 slides to the starting tunnel, the front end of the trolley 7 enters and obtains the bottom support of the starting tunnel. The front sliding shoes 7 are then removed. After most of the trolley 7 has entered the starting tunnel, the rear sliding shoes 7 are removed. This improves the stepping efficiency and saves construction costs.

[0039] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in this embodiment, the KAI TBM's stepping action can be completed using its own lower shield cylinder 11, rear support vertical cylinder 9, clamping cylinder, and propulsion cylinder 12. The hydraulic power source is the KAI TBM's main pump station. Compared with the traditional flat-plate stepping machine, it does not rely on dedicated stepping cylinders and pump stations. Moreover, the direction can be adjusted through the rear support horizontal cylinder 10 during the stepping process. There is no need to construct a stepping guide groove. The structure is simple, highly adaptable, and has significant economic benefits.

[0040] like Figure 8 and Figure 10 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer frame stepper 5 includes a bottom frame 5-1, a triangular bracket 5-2 disposed on the bottom frame 5-1, and a support base 5-3 installed on the top of the triangular bracket 5-2. The support base 5-3 is fixedly connected to the outer frame assembly 2.

[0041] In this embodiment, the bottom frame 5-1 includes multiple parallel bottom beams and two support beams parallel to the multiple bottom beams. The support beams are perpendicular to the bottom beams. The triangular bracket 5-2 is a right-angled triangular bracket. A diagonal tie rod 5-4 is provided between the vertical rod of the right-angled triangular bracket and the bottom beam of the bottom frame 5-1.

[0042] It should be noted that the outer frame stepper 5 must have the advantages of strong load-bearing capacity and stable structure. Therefore, the support base 5-3 is provided with a groove that matches the shape of the outer frame assembly 2. The bottom of the support base 5-3 is a solid structure. The triangular bracket 5-2 and the diagonal tie rod 5-4 together form a right-angled cone support structure, which effectively improves the stability of the outer frame stepper 5.

[0043] In this embodiment, the lower shield stepping frame 4 includes two identical and symmetrically arranged first arc-shaped support seats 4-1 and a crossbeam 4-2 for connecting the two first arc-shaped support seats 4-1.

[0044] It should be noted that the crossbeam 4-2 can connect the two first arc-shaped support seats 4-1 into a whole, and can also play a role in fine-tuning the fit accuracy between the two first arc-shaped support seats 4-1 and the lower shield 15, so as to avoid the center line of the lower shield 15 deviating too much from the center line formed by the two first arc-shaped support seats 4-1.

[0045] In this embodiment, the rear support stepping frame 6 includes two identical and symmetrically arranged second arc-shaped support seats.

[0046] In this embodiment, the step distance ranges from 1.5m to 2m, and the sliding speed of the K-type TBM is no more than 1m / min. Every two cycles, the wear of the sliding shoe 8, the weld condition of the lower shield stepping frame 4, the outer K-type stepping frame 5, and the rear support stepping frame 6, and the bolt tightness are checked. When the wear of the sliding shoe 8 exceeds the set value, the sliding shoe 8 needs to be re-welded. If any of the lower shield stepping frame 4, the outer K-type stepping frame 5, or the rear support stepping frame 6 has a weld defect, it needs to be repaired in time, and the weld quality needs to be restored.

[0047] In this embodiment, in step nine, after the whole machine stepping is completed multiple times, the elevation and axis deviation of the TBM cutter head 18 center and the main machine axis are checked and found to be no more than 10mm; then, the slip shoe 8, lower shield stepping frame 4, outer armor stepping frame 5 and rear support stepping frame 6 are removed.

[0048] In actual construction, this small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM assembly method can ensure that the TBM can be quickly assembled in straight and narrow spaces without rework during assembly. The entire construction process is under control in a safe, stable, fast, and high-quality manner, with an assembly qualification rate of 100%. It solves the problem of difficult assembly of small-diameter Kjeldahl TBMs in straight and narrow spaces, and no safety accidents occur.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Installation of the inner and outer shell assembly: The inner and outer armor assembly includes an inner armor (1-1), an outer armor assembly (2) fitted onto the inner armor (1-1), and an outer armor stepping frame (5) installed at the bottom of the outer armor assembly (2). The specific installation process is as follows: Step 101: The two ends of the inner Kai 1 (1-1) are connected to support frames (1-1-1), and the inner Kai 1 (1-1) is hoisted to the set position; Step 102: Assemble the outer Kai stepper frame (5) and place the assembled outer Kai stepper frame (5) below the inner Kai 1 (1-1); Step 103: Sequentially hoist the left and right split structures of the outer shell assembly (2) and install the outer shell assembly (2) on the inner shell one (1-1); Step 104: Move the outer Kai stepping frame (5) directly below the outer Kai assembly (2), bolt the outer Kai assembly (2) to the outer Kai stepping frame (5), and then remove the support frames (1-1-1) at both ends of the inner Kai 1 (1-1). Step 2: Installation of the drive shaft, in detail... The process includes the following: First, install the drive shaft protective cover on the outer shell assembly (2), and then use a sling to lift the drive shaft (14) so ​​that the drive shaft (14) passes through the rear end of the drive shaft protective cover and slides along the drive shaft protective cover to the front end; Step 3: Installation of the rear support assembly: The rear support assembly includes inner support 2 (1-2) and rear support (3) installed on inner support 2 (1-2). The specific installation process includes: setting a rear support stepping frame (6) at the bottom of the rear support (3), and after the whole assembly is hoisted into place, bolting inner support 2 (1-2) to inner support 1 (1-1); Step 4: Install the hydraulic cylinder; Step 5: Installation of the lower shield and drive box: The lower shield (15) is provided with a lower shield stepping frame (4) at the bottom. The lower shield (15) and the lower shield stepping frame (4) are hoisted together to the accurate position at the front end of the inner Kai 1 (1-1). Then the drive box (19) is hoisted. After the drive box (19) is connected to the inner Kai 1 (1-1), the position of the lower shield (15) is adjusted by using tools such as hand chain hoists. After the position of the lower shield (15) is adjusted, the lower shield cylinder (11) between the drive box (19) and the lower shield (15) is installed. Step Six: Installation of the main drive motor and main conveyor belt; Step 7: Installation of the cutter head and upper shield: First, flip the hoisting cutter head (18), then install the shield (16), and at the same time install the upper shield cylinder (17) between the upper shield (16) and the drive box (19). Step 8: Installation of the pulley, connecting bridge, and rear auxiliary trolley equipment: Slip shoes (8) are welded to both sides of each trolley (7) to precisely level the height difference between the stepping ground and the starting hole, so that the sliding slope error is no more than 1‰ and the flatness of the bottom surface is no more than 2mm; a hydraulic pump station is installed on the trolley (7) mentioned in No. 1; Step 9: Proceed forward using the Kelley TBM hydraulic system: Step 901: Retract the clamping cylinder and the upper shield cylinder (17) to release the tight support between the shield and the cave wall; Step 902: Extend the rear support vertical cylinder (9) and the lower shield cylinder (11) to raise the main unit, the lower shield stepping frame (4), the outer shield stepping frame (5) and the rear support stepping frame (6); Step 903: Extend the propulsion cylinder (12) to push the outer Kai assembly (2), the outer Kai stepping frame (5) and the support shoe forward to adjust the attitude of the Kai TBM main unit; Step 904: Retract the rear support vertical cylinder (9) and the lower shield cylinder (11) to lower the main unit, the lower shield stepping frame (4), the outer shield stepping frame (5), and the rear support stepping frame (6). Step 905: Extend the support boot cylinder (13) to tighten and clamp the cylinder and the upper shield cylinder (17) so that the shield is tightly supported between the shield and the cave wall; Step 906: Retract the propulsion cylinder (12), and under the action of the reaction force, make the whole machine move forward one step. Step 907: Repeat steps 901 to 906 multiple times to complete the whole machine stepping.

2. The method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer frame stepper (5) includes a bottom frame (5-1), a triangular bracket (5-2) set on the bottom frame (5-1), and a support base (5-3) installed on the top of the triangular bracket (5-2). The support base (5-3) is fixedly connected to the outer frame assembly (2).

3. The method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom frame (5-1) includes multiple parallel bottom beams and two support beams parallel to the multiple bottom beams. The support beams are perpendicular to the bottom beams. The triangular bracket (5-2) is a right-angled triangular bracket. A diagonal tie rod (5-4) is provided between the vertical rod of the right-angled triangular bracket and the bottom beam of the bottom frame (5-1).

4. The method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower shield stepping frame (4) includes two identical and symmetrically arranged first arc-shaped support seats (4-1) and a crossbeam (4-2) for connecting the two first arc-shaped support seats (4-1).

5. The method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear support stepping frame (6) includes two identical and symmetrically arranged second arc-shaped support seats.

6. The method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The range of a step distance is 1.5m to 2m, and the sliding speed of the K-type TBM is no more than 1m / min. Every two cycles, the wear of the skid (8), the weld condition of the lower shield stepping frame (4), the outer K-type stepping frame (5) and the rear support stepping frame (6) and the bolt tightness are checked. When the wear of the skid (8) exceeds the set value, the skid (8) needs to be re-welded. When any of the lower shield stepping frame (4), the outer K-type stepping frame (5) or the rear support stepping frame (6) has a weld defect, it needs to be repaired in time and the weld quality needs to be restored.

7. The method for assembling and constructing a small-diameter Kjeldahl TBM in a narrow space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step nine, after completing the whole machine stepping multiple times, check that the elevation and axis deviation of the TBM cutter head (18) center and the main machine axis are no more than 10mm; then, remove the slip shoe (8), lower shield stepping frame (4), outer shell stepping frame (5) and rear support stepping frame (6).

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