A soil and water conservation fish scale pit ecological restoration device

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of slope protection and discloses an ecological restoration device for fish-scale pits used in soil and water conservation. The device includes a pit body, a protective structure, and an anti-slip structure. The protective structure comprises a first plate, a second plate, and a third plate. The first plate is attached to the bottom wall of the pit body. The second plate is fixedly connected to the first plate, forming a first preset angle with it. The third plate is fixedly connected to the second plate, and has several spaced-apart first through holes. The second plate, the third plate, and the side wall of the pit body enclose a planting space, which is filled with a nutrient soil layer, which is pressed onto the first plate. The anti-slip structure is connected to the protective structure and is at least partially located within the soil of the hillside. The nutrient soil layer uses its own weight to limit the position of the third plate. Through the first through holes on the third plate, the planting space can exchange moisture and air with the external environment, ensuring the permeability and water permeability of the nutrient soil layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of slope protection, specifically to an ecological restoration device for fish-scale pits used in soil and water conservation. Background Technology

[0002] With societal development, people are increasingly emphasizing environmental protection and sustainable development, making soil and water conservation in mountainous areas a crucial aspect of ecological construction. Effective soil and water conservation measures can reduce soil erosion, prevent geological disasters such as landslides, and provide a solid guarantee for the ecological security and economic development of mountainous areas. Simultaneously, good soil and water conservation also promotes vegetation growth and restoration, enhances biodiversity, and improves the ecological landscape of mountainous regions. Fish-scale pits, a traditional engineering measure for soil and water conservation in mountainous areas, are widely used. By excavating crescent-shaped pits on slopes and arranging them in a "fish-scale" pattern, rainwater can be intercepted and runoff slowed to a certain extent, thereby achieving the purpose of soil stabilization and creating favorable conditions for vegetation growth.

[0003] Fish-scale pits are purely earthen pit structures, whose walls are highly susceptible to collapse under rainwater erosion, especially in areas prone to heavy rainfall. This structure is ineffective in controlling soil erosion, leading to significant manpower and material resources required for maintenance, resulting in high maintenance costs. Some improved fish-scale pits use rigid materials such as concrete to enhance structural stability. However, while these improvements enhance erosion resistance, they also hinder plant root growth and soil microbial activity, disrupting the continuity of the slope ecosystem and hindering long-term ecological stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides an ecological restoration device for fish-scale pits in soil and water conservation, which solves the problem that although modified fish-scale pits made of hard materials improve erosion resistance, they also hinder the growth of plant roots and the activity of soil microorganisms.

[0005] In the first aspect, this application discloses an ecological restoration device for fish-scale pits used for soil and water conservation, comprising: Pit body; The protective structure includes a first plate, a second plate, and a third plate. The first plate is attached to the bottom wall of the pit. The second plate is fixedly connected to the first plate, and the second plate and the first plate form a first preset angle. The third plate is fixedly connected to the second plate, and a plurality of spaced first through holes are provided on the third plate. The second plate, the third plate, and the side wall of the pit enclose a planting space, which is filled with a nutrient soil layer, and the nutrient soil layer is pressed on the first plate. The anti-slip structure is connected to the protective structure and is at least partially located in the soil of the mountain.

[0006] Beneficial effects: The first slab adheres to the bottom wall of the pit, which provides a supporting foundation for the first slab. The nutrient soil layer is pressed onto the first slab. This nutrient soil not only provides sufficient nutrients and soil conditions for plant growth, avoiding the defects of concrete or other hard materials that completely isolate plant root growth and soil microbial activity, but also, due to its own weight, compresses the first slab, thus limiting the position of the second slab connected to it, and consequently limiting the position of the third slab connected to it. This prevents the third slab from shifting under the impact of surface runoff, improving the erosion resistance of the protective structure. Furthermore, the nutrient soil layer is located within the planting space, which can cover and constrain it, reducing soil loss due to rainwater runoff and wind erosion. Additionally, the first through-hole on the third slab allows for the exchange of moisture and air between the planting space and the external environment, ensuring the permeability and aeration of the nutrient soil layer within the planting space. This provides favorable conditions for plant root extension and soil microbial interaction, thereby improving the survival rate of plants within the planting space. The anti-slip structure anchors the protective structure inside the mountain, preventing it from sliding down the slope due to rainwater erosion and soil displacement, thus ensuring the long-term stable fixation of the soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device on the slope.

[0007] In one optional embodiment, the protective structure further includes: The fourth plate is fixedly connected to the first plate and fits against the slope of the mountain. A fifth plate and a sixth plate are spaced apart. The fifth plate is fixedly connected to the first plate, the second plate, the third plate, and the fourth plate, respectively. The sixth plate is fixedly connected to the first plate, the second plate, the third plate, and the fourth plate, respectively. The seventh plate is fixedly connected to the fifth plate and the sixth plate at both ends, and fixedly connected to the fourth plate at its bottom. The first plate, the second plate, the third plate, the fourth plate, the fifth plate, the sixth plate, and the seventh plate surround and form an open receiving cavity; The anti-slip structure is connected to the outer wall of the seventh plate.

[0008] Beneficial effects: The protective structure, through the fourth plate forming surface contact with the mountain slope, protects the soil on the lower slope of the pit, reducing the erosion and loss of the surface soil by runoff. This reduces the likelihood of the protective structure failing due to soil collapse on the lower slope. Furthermore, the close fit of the fourth plate to the mountain slope increases the contact area between the protective structure and the slope, distributing the structure's weight and load to the slope, reducing localized stress concentration, and improving the structure's stability on the slope. The plates enclose an open cavity that traps rainwater, preventing it from flowing haphazardly around the pit and exacerbating slope erosion.

[0009] In one alternative embodiment, the protective structure further includes a cover plate hinged to the seventh plate and covering the opening receiving cavity, the cover plate having a plurality of spaced-apart guide grooves.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The cover plate, positioned above the opening cavity, protects it from debris such as falling rocks, dead branches, and leaves from the hillside, preventing the cavity from failing to hold the predetermined volume of water. The drainage channels on the cover plate divert rainwater overflowing from the planting space, directing it in multiple directions and reducing the flow rate in each direction. This reduces the erosive energy of the rainwater on the slope surface, minimizing its destructive impact. The cover plate is hinged to the seventh plate, allowing it to be flipped open around the hinge for easy maintenance of the opening cavity.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the protective structure further includes: A partition plate is disposed inside the opening receiving cavity, dividing the opening receiving cavity into a first sub-receiving cavity and a second sub-receiving cavity, wherein the first sub-receiving cavity is connected to any of the first through holes; A steel grating is disposed within the first sub-accommodating cavity, with the first plate body serving as a height reference benchmark. The height of the top surface of the steel grating is less than or equal to the height of the bottom surface of the third plate body.

[0012] Beneficial effects: The partition plate is set inside the open receiving cavity, dividing the open receiving cavity into a first sub-receiving cavity and a second sub-receiving cavity. Rainwater infiltrating from the nutrient soil layer can enter the first sub-receiving cavity through the first through hole. The steel grating is set inside the first sub-receiving cavity, and its top surface height is less than or equal to the bottom surface height of the third plate body, that is, the steel grating is located below the first through hole. The grid structure of the steel grating allows rainwater to seep downwards into the second sub-receiving cavity.

[0013] In one alternative embodiment, a filtration structure is also included, which comprises a non-woven geotextile, a pebble layer and a quartz sand layer laid sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the non-woven geotextile is used to lay on the upper surface of the steel grating. Multiple filter structures are stacked to fill the first sub-receiving cavity located on the upper part of the steel grating.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The steel grating provides load-bearing support for the filter material laid on top. Non-woven geotextile covers the steel grating; its water-permeable but soil-impermeable properties allow rainwater to pass through while blocking fine soil particles and suspended impurities from clogging the gaps in the steel grating. A pebble layer is laid on top of the non-woven geotextile; the gaps between the pebble particles form infiltration channels for water flow. Simultaneously, the weight of the pebble layer compacts and fixes the underlying non-woven geotextile, preventing wrinkles or displacement under the impact of water flow. A quartz sand layer is laid on top of the pebble layer. The fine particle size of the quartz sand intercepts and filters fine suspended particles in the rainwater. This filtration structure filters rainwater entering the first sub-cavity to intercept silt and suspended impurities carried in the rainwater, preventing silt accumulation and clogging of the second sub-cavity. Multiple filter structures are stacked to fill the first sub-containment cavity on the upper part of the steel grating. This makes full use of the space in the first sub-containment cavity, allowing rainwater to be purified multiple times in sequence. This reduces the sand content and suspended solids concentration in the rainwater entering the second sub-containment cavity, thereby reducing soil erosion caused by silt being discharged with rainwater and mitigating the risk of siltation in downstream drainage pipes and open channels.

[0015] In one alternative implementation, it further includes: A pressure-flow rainwater hopper is installed on the fourth plate and is connected to the bottom of the first sub-receiving cavity; The first pipe has one end connected to the outlet of the pressure flow rainwater bucket, and the other end extends into the second sub-accommodating cavity; The second pipe has one end connected to the first pipe that extends into the second sub-accommodating cavity. With the first plate as the height reference, the height of the second pipe is equal to the height of the top surface of the nutrient soil layer. The third pipe has one end connected to the second pipe and the other end extending out of the second sub-accommodating cavity; The drain pipe is connected to the third pipe that extends out of the second sub-accommodating cavity; The height of the drain pipe is lower than the height of the bottom of the first sub-receiving cavity.

[0016] Beneficial effects: When the rainwater level in the planting space exceeds the top surface of the nutrient soil layer, a siphon effect occurs under the combined action of liquid pressure and atmospheric pressure. The liquid in the higher-level first sub-receiving cavity passes sequentially through the pressure flow rainwater hopper, the first pipe, the second pipe, and the third pipe before entering the lower-level drainage pipe, until the water in the first sub-receiving cavity is completely emptied. The emptied first sub-receiving cavity can then re-accumulate rainwater. During heavy rain, the water in the first sub-receiving cavity can be quickly discharged through the drainage pipe, reducing the amount of rainwater overflowing from the cover and thus improving rainwater drainage efficiency. The rectifying effect of the pressure flow rainwater hopper reduces the amount of air carried into the pipes by the water flow, and after the siphon is formed, the pipes can maintain a stable negative pressure full-flow state for a long time.

[0017] In one alternative implementation, it further includes: Multiple open channels are distributed at intervals on the mountain, each of which is laid on the mountain and extends from top to bottom along the slope of the mountain; The two ends of the discharge pipe are connected to two adjacent open channels, respectively.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The open channel extends longitudinally along the slope, forming a longitudinal drainage channel on the hillside. The spillway connects two adjacent open channels, allowing rainwater discharged from the first sub-container to flow into the open channel and be transported longitudinally along the slope. Simultaneously, it is distributed to adjacent open channels via the spillway, forming a crisscrossing drainage network on the slope. This drainage network can collect rainwater discharged from each of the first sub-container, thereby dispersing and diverting rainwater on the slope. A large amount of rainwater is discharged through the open channel, transforming the slope runoff from disordered overflow to orderly discharge along fixed channels. This reduces the surface erosion of the soil by slope runoff, lowers the probability of slope gully erosion, and improves the overall soil and water conservation effect of the slope.

[0019] In one alternative embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the first plate is annular or fan-shaped.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The first plate has a cross-section of annular or fan-shaped to fit the structure of the crescent-shaped fish-scale pit. The first plate does not completely cover the bottom wall of the pit, leaving a channel for rainwater infiltration and plant root penetration. The trace amount of rainwater that is not absorbed by the nutrient soil layer can directly infiltrate the original soil layer at the bottom of the pit, improving the rainwater retention capacity of the pit itself. Plant roots can penetrate downwards along the reserved channel and directly enter the original soil layer below the pit, improving the slope stabilization and protection capabilities.

[0021] In one optional embodiment, the anti-slip structure includes: Anchor holes are formed on the mountain slope, and the anchor holes extend in the direction of gravity. Anchor bolts are inserted into the anchor holes; A cement mortar layer is used to fill the gap between the anchor hole and the anchor rod. A masonry structure, in which an anchor rod is embedded, extending out of the anchor hole, and connected to the outer wall of the seventh plate.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The anchor holes are located on the mountain slope and extend in the direction of gravity, allowing them to penetrate vertically into the mountainside. A significant angle exists between the direction of the slope slip force and the axial direction of the anchor hole, enabling the anchor rod to provide substantial anti-slip resistance. The anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole, and a layer of cement mortar fills the gap between the anchor hole and the anchor rod, ensuring a tight bond between the anchor rod and the surrounding soil and rock. After the mortar solidifies, it creates adhesion and friction between the anchor rod and the hole wall, ensuring the anchor rod does not loosen within the anchor hole. The masonry structure contains anchor rods extending beyond the anchor holes and connected to the outer wall of the seventh slab. The self-weight of the masonry structure further increases the anti-slip structure's ability to resist slope slippage. Simultaneously, the masonry structure transmits the anchoring force of the anchor rods through its own structure to the seventh slab, and then distributes it to the entire protective structure, ensuring the long-term anchoring stability of the protective structure under adverse conditions such as heavy rain erosion and soil creep. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a soil and water conservation fish scale pit ecological restoration device provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 A plan view of the ecological restoration device for soil and water conservation fish-scale pits and open channels on a portion of the mountainside provided in this application embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the protective structure in a soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram from another perspective of the protective structure in a soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the protective structure in a soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the center circle A; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of the center circle B.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101. Mountain body; 102. Pit body; 201. First plate; 202. Second plate; 203. Third plate; 2031. First through hole; 204. Fourth plate; 205. Fifth plate; 206. Sixth plate; 207. Seventh plate; 208. Cover plate; 2081. Guide channel; 209. Divider plate; 210. First sub-accommodating cavity; 211. Second sub-accommodating cavity; 212. Steel grating; 213. Nutrient soil layer; 301. Anchor hole; 302. Anchor bolt; 303. Cement mortar layer; 304. Masonry structure; 401. Non-woven geotextile; 402. Gravel layer; 403. Quartz sand layer; 501. Pressure flow rainwater hopper; 502. First pipe; 503. Second pipe; 504. Third pipe; 505. Drainage pipe; 506. Open channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only possible technical implementations of this application, but are not limited thereto. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art in conjunction with the embodiments of this application without creative effort are also within the protection scope of this application.

[0031] This embodiment provides an ecological restoration device for fish-scale pits in soil and water conservation, such as... Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the structure includes a pit body 102, a protective structure, and an anti-slip structure. The protective structure includes a first plate 201, a second plate 202, and a third plate 203. The first plate 201 is attached to the bottom wall of the pit body 102. The second plate 202 is fixedly connected to the first plate 201, forming a first preset angle with the first plate 201. The third plate 203 is fixedly connected to the second plate 202, and has several spaced first through holes 2031. The second plate 202, the third plate 203, and the side wall of the pit body 102 enclose a planting space, which is filled with a nutrient soil layer 213, which is pressed onto the first plate 201. The anti-slip structure is connected to the protective structure and is at least partially located in the soil of the hill body 101.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, pit 102 is a crescent-shaped pit excavated on the slope of mountain 101. The major axis of the crescent-shaped pit is arranged along the contour line of the slope, and the minor axis is arranged along the slope direction. The major axis of the crescent-shaped pit is its longest diameter, and the minor axis is its shortest diameter. The walls of pit 102 are smoothed into arc surfaces, and the bottom wall of pit 102 is parallel to the horizontal plane. Adjacent pits 102 are staggered along the contour line direction to form a continuous protective zone for intercepting and retaining rainwater.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the protective structure includes a first plate 201, a second plate 202, and a third plate 203. The first plate 201 is attached to the bottom wall of the pit 102, providing a bottom support foundation for the protective structure. The first plate 201, second plate 202, and third plate 203 are all made of rigid plastic. The cross-sectional shape of the first plate 201 is adapted to the planar shape of the bottom wall of the pit 102; preferably, the first plate 201 is a horizontal plate. The first plate 201 is integrally injection molded or molded to ensure its rigidity and weather resistance. The second plate 202 is fixedly connected to the first plate 201, and the second plate 202 and the first plate 201 form a first preset angle. In this embodiment, the first preset angle between the second plate 202 and the first plate 201 is 135°, causing the second plate 202 to be inclined relative to the bottom wall of the pit 102, forming the protective surface of the main water-facing side of the pit 102. The second plate 202 is made of the same material as the first plate 201, and the second plate 202 and the first plate 201 are integrally injection molded. The third plate 203 is fixedly connected to the second plate 202, and the third plate 203 has several spaced-apart first through holes 2031. The diameter of the first through holes 2031 is 1 mm, and the center-to-center distance between adjacent first through holes 2031 is 5 mm. The first through holes 2031 are used to facilitate the exchange of water and air between the planting space and the external environment. The connection method between the third plate 203 and the second plate 202 is the same as the connection method between the second plate 202 and the first plate 201. The second plate 202, the third plate 203, and the sidewalls of the pit 102 enclose the planting space, which is filled with a layer of nutrient soil 213. The nutrient soil layer 213 is prepared by mixing topsoil, humus, water-retaining agent, and slow-release fertilizer in a certain proportion. It is pressed on the first plate 201, and the top surface of the nutrient soil layer 213 is higher than the top surface of the second plate 202 to ensure that the vegetation has a sufficient rooting soil layer. The second plate 202 and the third plate 203 are arc-shaped plates, and the first plate 201 and the third plate 203 enclose each other to form a crescent-shaped inner arc surface.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the anti-slip structure is connected to the protective structure and is at least partially located in the soil of the hill 101. The anti-slip structure anchors the protective structure inside the hill 101, preventing the protective structure from sliding down the slope under the action of rainwater erosion and soil displacement.

[0035] In this embodiment, after rainwater falls onto the slope and planting space, some of it is absorbed by the nutrient soil layer 213, while excess rainwater is discharged into the planting space through the first through-hole 2031 on the third plate 203. The nutrient soil layer 213, relying on its own weight, presses the first plate 201, thus limiting the second plate 202 and the third plate 203 connected to the first plate 201 and preventing the third plate 203 from shifting under the impact of surface runoff. The anti-slip structure anchors the entire protective structure to the slope, ensuring the long-term stability of the protective structure on the slope. The first plate 201 is attached to the bottom wall of the pit 102, providing a supporting foundation for the protective structure. The nutrient soil layer 213 is pressed on the first plate 201, providing nutrients and soil conditions for vegetation growth, and also using its own weight to limit the second plate 202, improving the erosion resistance of the protective structure. The nutrient soil layer 213 is located in the planting space, which covers and restrains the nutrient soil layer 213, reducing its loss due to rainwater erosion and wind erosion. The first through hole 2031 on the third plate 203 allows for the exchange of water and air between the planting space and the outside world, ensuring the air permeability and water permeability of the nutrient soil layer 213, providing conditions for plant root extension and soil microbial activity, thereby improving the survival rate of plants in the planting space. The anti-slip structure anchors the protective structure inside the hill 101, preventing it from sliding down the slope and ensuring the long-term stable fixation of the device on the slope.

[0036] Furthermore, the protective structure also includes a fourth plate 204, a fifth plate 205, a sixth plate 206, and a seventh plate 207. For example... Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the fourth plate 204 is fixedly connected to the first plate 201 and fits against the slope of the hill 101. The fourth plate 204 is located on the side of the protective structure facing the slope (i.e., the outer side of the pit wall on the downhill side of the pit 102), and the bottom surface of the fourth plate 204 fits against the contour of the slope. The material of the fourth plate 204 is the same as the other plates. By extending the contact area between the protective structure and the slope, the fourth plate 204 distributes the self-weight and load borne by the protective structure to the slope, reducing local compressive stress concentration. The fifth plate 205 and the sixth plate 206 are arranged alternately. The fifth plate 205 is fixedly connected to the first plate 201, the second plate 202, the third plate 203, and the fourth plate 204 respectively, forming one side wall of the protective structure; the sixth plate 206 is fixedly connected to the first plate 201, the second plate 202, the third plate 203, and the fourth plate 204 respectively, forming the other side wall of the protective structure. The distance between the fifth plate 205 and the sixth plate 206 is adapted to the major axis of the pit 102. The two ends of the seventh plate 207 are fixedly connected to the fifth plate 205 and the sixth plate 206 respectively, and the bottom of the seventh plate 207 is fixedly connected to the fourth plate 204. The seventh plate 207 is located on the side of the protective structure away from the sidewall of the pit 102, forming the sidewall of the protective structure. The first plate 201, second plate 202, third plate 203, fourth plate 204, fifth plate 205, sixth plate 206, and seventh plate 207 enclose an open cavity. The open cavity is a closed space with an open top, used to collect rainwater from the slope. The anti-slip structure is connected to the outer wall of the seventh plate 207, transmitting the anchoring force through the seventh plate 207 to the entire protective structure. The first plate 201, the second plate 202, the third plate 203, the fourth plate 204, the fifth plate 205, the sixth plate 206, and the seventh plate 207 are made of the same material and are integrally injection molded. The seventh plate 207 is also an arc-shaped plate used to form a crescent-shaped outer arc surface. The fourth plate 204, the fifth plate 205, and the sixth plate 206 are all flat plates. The protective structure forms a surface contact with the slope through the fourth plate 204, protecting the soil on the lower slope of the pit body 102 and reducing the erosion and loss of the surface soil on the lower slope of the pit body 102 by runoff. This reduces the possibility of the protective structure failing due to the collapse of the soil on the lower slope of the pit body 102. The fourth plate 204 is installed close to the slope, increasing the contact area between the protective structure and the slope. This disperses the self-weight and load of the protective structure to the slope, reducing local stress concentration and improving the stability of the protective structure on the slope. The opening cavity formed by the enclosed plates can collect rainwater from the slope, intercepting the rainwater and preventing the disorderly flow of rainwater around the pit body 102 from aggravating slope erosion.

[0037] Furthermore, such as Figure 3As shown, the protective structure also includes a cover plate 208, which is hinged to the seventh plate 207. The cover plate 208 covers the opening cavity, and has several spaced-apart guide grooves 2081. The cover plate 208 is made of the same rigid plastic as the first plate 201, and its planar dimensions are adapted to the top opening size of the opening cavity. After being placed, the cover plate 208 covers the opening of the opening cavity. One side of the cover plate 208 is connected to the center of the top surface of the seventh plate 207 via a hinge, hinge, or hinge shaft, allowing the cover plate 208 to be flipped open around the hinge axis for easy maintenance personnel to inspect the inside of the opening cavity. The guide grooves 2081 are strip-shaped grooves formed on the upper surface of the cover plate 208, with nine grooves evenly spaced along the length of the cover plate 208. The cross-section of the guide channel 2081 is rectangular, and the extension directions of each guide channel 2081 are different. The extension directions of all guide channels 2081 are radially distributed with the arc center of the crescent-shaped protective structure as the center, so that the rainwater overflowing through the guide channel 2081 flows out radially. The cover plate 208 covers the opening cavity, shielding and protecting it from debris such as gravel, dead branches and leaves falling from the slope of the mountain 101, which could cause blockages and ensure the long-term unobstructed flow of the internal space of the opening cavity. The guide channel 2081 on the cover plate 208 guides the rainwater overflowing from the planting space, directing the overflowing rainwater to flow out in multiple directions, thereby reducing the flow rate of rainwater in each direction and thus reducing the scouring kinetic energy of rainwater on the slope surface and the scouring and damaging ability of rainwater on the slope of the mountain 101. The cover plate 208 is hinged to the seventh plate 207, allowing the cover plate 208 to be flipped open around the hinge, facilitating maintenance personnel to inspect the opening cavity.

[0038] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the protective structure also includes a partition plate 209 and a steel grating 212. The partition plate 209 is disposed inside the opening receiving cavity, dividing the opening receiving cavity into a first sub-receiving cavity 210 and a second sub-receiving cavity 211. The partition plate 209 is a vertical arc-shaped plate, with its bottom edge fixedly connected to the fourth plate 204, and its two sides fixedly connected to the fifth plate 205 and the sixth plate 206, respectively. The material of the partition plate 209 is the same as that of the first plate 201, and the partition plate 209 can also be injection molded. The first sub-receiving cavity 210 is located on one side of the planting space and is connected to any of the first through holes 2031 on the third plate 203, allowing rainwater infiltrating through the first through holes 2031 to enter the first sub-receiving cavity 210; the second sub-receiving cavity 211 is located on one side of the slope. The steel grating 212 is installed inside the first sub-receiving cavity 210. Using the first plate 201 as a height reference, the height of the top surface of the steel grating 212 is less than or equal to the height of the bottom surface of the third plate 203. The steel grating 212 is a mesh-like load-bearing plate welded from flat steel or reinforcing bars. Its perimeter is fixedly connected to the partition plate 209 and the second plate 202, dividing the first sub-receiving cavity 210 into upper and lower parts in the height direction. Because the height of the top surface of the steel grating 212 is less than or equal to the height of the bottom surface of the third plate 203, the steel grating 212 is located below the first through hole 2031, providing load-bearing support for the filter material laid above. Simultaneously, the grid structure of the steel grating 212 allows rainwater to permeate downwards without obstructing the discharge of water towards the second sub-receiving cavity 211. The partition plate 209 divides the open receiving cavity into a first sub-receiving cavity 210 and a second sub-receiving cavity 211. Rainwater infiltrating from the nutrient soil layer 213 can enter the first sub-receiving cavity 210 through the first through hole 2031. The steel grating 212 is set in the first sub-receiving cavity 210 and below the first through hole 2031. Its grating structure allows rainwater to infiltrate downwards and flow into the second sub-receiving cavity 211, making the rainwater filtration process and the discharge process spatially independent. This avoids mutual interference caused by the mixed arrangement of filter materials and drainage pipes, and improves the orderliness and operational reliability of the internal hydraulic flow path of the device.

[0039] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device also includes a filtration structure. The filtration structure comprises, from bottom to top, a non-woven geotextile 401, a pebble layer 402, and a quartz sand layer 403. The non-woven geotextile 401 is laid on the upper surface of the steel grating 212. The non-woven geotextile 401, laid on and adhered to the upper surface of the steel grating 212, allows rainwater to pass through while blocking fine soil particles and suspended impurities from clogging the grid gaps of the steel grating 212. The pebble layer 402 is laid above the non-woven geotextile 401. The gaps between the pebble particles form infiltration channels for water flow. Simultaneously, the weight of the pebble layer 402 compacts and fixes the underlying non-woven geotextile 401, preventing the geotextile from wrinkling or shifting under the impact of water flow. A quartz sand layer 403 is laid on top of a pebble layer 402. The quartz sand layer 403 uses the fine particle size of the quartz sand to intercept and filter fine suspended solids in rainwater, improving the quality of the effluent. Multiple filter structures are stacked to fill the first sub-receiving cavity 210 located above the steel grating 212. That is, several sets of filter units consisting of non-woven geotextile 401, pebble layer 402, and quartz sand layer 403 are repeatedly laid from bottom to top in the first sub-receiving cavity 210, so that the upper space in the first sub-receiving cavity 210 is fully filled with filter structures. In this embodiment, one set of filter units is used. Of course, multiple sets of filter units can be set as needed. The steel grating 212 provides load-bearing support for the filter material laid on top of it; the non-woven geotextile 401 covers the steel grating 212, blocking fine soil particles and suspended impurities from leaking down and preventing blockage of the grating gaps; the pebble layer 402 forms a seepage channel and compacts and fixes the non-woven geotextile 401; the quartz sand layer 403 intercepts fine suspended particles; multiple filter structures are stacked to fill the first sub-receiving cavity 210 above the steel grating 212, so that rainwater is purified multiple times in sequence, reducing the sand content and suspended solids concentration in the rainwater entering the second sub-receiving cavity 211, thereby reducing soil erosion caused by silt discharge with rainwater, and mitigating the risk of siltation in downstream drainage pipes and open channels 506.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device also includes a pressure flow rainwater hopper 501, a first pipe 502, a second pipe 503, a third pipe 504, and a discharge pipe 505. The pressure flow rainwater hopper 501 is installed on the fourth plate 204, with its inlet connected to the bottom of the first sub-accommodation cavity 210 and its outlet connected to the first pipe 502. The pressure flow rainwater hopper 501 is a pressure flow (siphon type) rainwater hopper, and its shroud can reduce the amount of air carried by the water flow into the pipeline. It has a large water flow capacity under full pipe flow conditions. The specifications of the pressure flow rainwater hopper 501 are determined according to the catchment area of ​​a single pit. One end of the first pipe 502 is connected to the outlet of the pressure flow rainwater hopper 501, and the other end extends into the second sub-receiving cavity 211. The first pipe 502, the second pipe 503, the third pipe 504, and the drain pipe 505 are all made of PVC pipe. The inner diameters of the first pipe 502, the second pipe 503, and the third pipe 504 are the same, while the inner diameter of the drain pipe 505 is larger than that of the first pipe 502. One end of the second pipe 503 is connected to the first pipe 502 extending into the second sub-receiving cavity 211. Taking the first plate 201 as a height reference, the elevation of the inlet of the second pipe 503 is equal to the height of the top surface of the nutrient soil layer 213. That is, when the water level in the first sub-receiving cavity 210 rises to be level with the top surface of the nutrient soil layer 213, the siphon pipeline formed by the second pipe 503 reaches the start-up condition. The second pipe 503 bends upward from the second sub-receiving cavity 211 to this elevation, and then connects downward to the third pipe 504. One end of the third pipe 504 is connected to the second pipe 503, and the other end extends out of the second sub-receiving cavity 211. The third pipe 504 extends out of the fourth plate 204. The drain pipe 505 is connected to the section of the third pipe 504 that extends out of the second sub-receiving cavity 211. With the first plate 201 as the height reference, the height of the drain pipe 505 is lower than the height of the bottom of the first sub-receiving cavity 210, thus forming a gravity-driven drainage head. When the rainwater level in the planting space exceeds the top surface of the nutrient soil layer 213, the accumulated water in the first sub-receiving cavity 210 is filtered step by step through the non-woven geotextile 401, the pebble layer 402, and the quartz sand layer 403. Under the combined action of liquid pressure and atmospheric pressure, a siphon is formed at the pressure flow rainwater hopper 501. The liquid in the first sub-receiving cavity 210 passes through the pressure flow rainwater hopper 501, the first pipe 502, the second pipe 503, and the third pipe 504 in sequence before entering the low-level drainage pipe 505 for discharge, until the accumulated water in the first sub-receiving cavity 210 is completely drained. After being emptied, the first sub-receiving cavity 210 can re-accumulate rainwater. During heavy rain, the accumulated water in the first sub-receiving cavity 210 can be quickly discharged through the drainage pipe 505 to reduce the amount of rainwater overflowing from the cover plate 208, thereby improving the rainwater drainage efficiency. The rectifying effect of the pressure flow rainwater hopper 501 can reduce the amount of air carried into the pipeline by the water flow, and after the siphon is formed, the pipeline can maintain a stable negative pressure full flow state for a long time.The rectifying effect of the pressure flow rainwater hopper 501 reduces the amount of air entering the pipeline, ensuring a stable negative pressure full flow state after the siphon is formed. Under heavy rain conditions, it can quickly discharge the accumulated water in the first sub-accommodation cavity 210, improving the drainage efficiency. The elevation of the second pipe 503 is equal to the top surface of the nutrient soil layer 213, ensuring that the drainage start-up water level is consistent with the upper limit of water storage in the planting space. This prevents excessive rainwater accumulation in the planting space from causing the nutrient soil layer 213 to become soaked and lack oxygen, leading to root rot. The height of the drainage pipe 505 is lower than the bottom of the first sub-accommodation cavity 210. The height difference creates a gravity-driven drainage head, allowing the filtered rainwater to flow out by gravity without the need for additional power equipment, thus reducing the system's operating energy consumption and maintenance costs.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device also includes multiple open channels 506. These open channels 506 are spaced apart on the hillside 101, each laid on the hillside 101 and extending downwards along its slope. Each open channel 506 is a rectangular trench excavated or constructed on the slope, with walls constructed of masonry, precast concrete, or geocells. The longitudinal slope of the open channel 506 matches the slope of the hillside. The two ends of the drainage pipe 505 are connected to two adjacent open channels 506. Specifically, one end of the drainage pipe 505 corresponding to a single protective structure connects to the adjacent open channel 506 on the left, and the other end connects to the adjacent open channel 506 on the right, allowing rainwater discharged from the device to flow into both the upper and lower open channels 506. Open channel 506 extends longitudinally along the slope, forming a longitudinal drainage channel on the slope of hill 101. Discharge pipe 505 connects two adjacent open channels 506, allowing rainwater discharged from the first sub-receiving chamber 210 to flow into open channel 506 and be transported longitudinally along the slope. Simultaneously, it is distributed to adjacent open channels 506 via discharge pipe 505, forming a crisscrossing drainage network on the slope. This drainage network collects rainwater discharged from each of the first sub-receiving chambers 210, transforming slope runoff into orderly discharge along fixed channels. This reduces the surface erosion of the soil by slope runoff, lowers the probability of slope gully erosion, and improves the overall soil and water conservation effect of the slope.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the first plate 201 is annular or fan-shaped. In this embodiment, the cross-section of the first plate 201 is fan-shaped, and its arc-shaped outer contour matches the crescent-shaped planar shape of the fish-scale pit, allowing the first plate 201 to fit the arc-shaped contour of the bottom wall of the pit 102, reducing the gap between the plate and the bottom of the pit, and improving the tightness of the fit and the support effect. At the same time, the fan-shaped cross-section has an opening in the slope extension direction, which facilitates the connection between multiple fish-scale pit devices when they are continuously arranged along the contour line direction on the slope. The first plates 201 do not completely cover the bottom wall of the pit 102, leaving channels for rainwater infiltration and plant root penetration: the trace amount of rainwater not absorbed by the nutrient soil layer 213 directly infiltrates into the original soil layer at the bottom of the pit, improving the rainwater retention capacity of the pit 102 itself; plant roots can penetrate downwards along the reserved channels and directly enter the original soil layer below the pit 102, improving the slope stabilization and erosion prevention capabilities.

[0043] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the anti-slip structure includes anchor holes 301, anchor rods 302, a cement mortar layer 303, and a masonry structure 304. Anchor holes 301 are located on the slope of the hill 101, extending vertically into the hill 101 in the direction of gravity. A large angle exists between the axial direction of the anchor holes 301 and the direction of the slope sliding force, allowing the anchor rods 302 to provide significant anti-slip resistance. Anchor rods 302 are inserted into the anchor holes 301. Anchor rods 302 are threaded steel bars, and their length exceeds the depth of the anchor holes 301, allowing the upper end of the anchor rod to extend outside the anchor holes 301 and connect to the masonry structure 304. A cement mortar layer 303 fills the gap between the anchor hole 301 and the anchor rod 302. Cement mortar is poured into the gap between the anchor hole 301 and the anchor rod 302. After the mortar solidifies, it forms adhesion and friction between the anchor rod 302 and the hole wall, ensuring that the anchor rod 302 does not loosen within the anchor hole 301. An anchor rod 302 extending out of the anchor hole 301 is embedded in the masonry structure 304, and the masonry structure 304 is connected to the outer wall of the seventh slab 207. The masonry structure 304 is constructed of blocks and mortar, and its slope surface is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the seventh slab 207 via pre-embedded connectors or clamps. The portion of the anchor rod 302 extending out of the anchor hole 301 is anchored into the interior of the masonry structure 304 and forms an integral part therewith. Anchor holes 301 are opened on the slope and extend in the direction of gravity, so that anchor rod 302 mainly bears the vertical upward pull-out force. There is a large angle between the direction of slope sliding force and the axis of anchor hole 301, and anchor rod 302 can provide effective anti-slip resistance. Cement mortar layer 303 tightly bonds anchor rod 302 to the surrounding rock and soil, ensuring that anchor rod 302 does not loosen in anchor hole 301. The self-weight of masonry structure 304 further increases the anti-slip structure's ability to resist slope sliding. At the same time, masonry structure 304 transmits the anchoring force of anchor rod 302 to the seventh plate 207 through its own structure, and then the seventh plate 207 distributes it to the entire protective structure, forming a complete force transmission path from the depth of mountain 101 to the surface of protective structure. The anti-slip structure anchors the protective structure inside the mountain 101, preventing the protective structure from sliding down the slope under the action of rainwater erosion and soil displacement. The anchor hole 301 extends in the direction of gravity, so that the anchor rod 302 provides greater anti-slip resistance. The cement mortar layer 303 ensures that the anchor rod 302 is tightly bonded to the hole wall and does not loosen. The self-weight of the masonry structure 304 increases the anti-slip capacity and transfers the anchoring force to the seventh plate 207, ensuring the long-term anchoring stability of the protective structure under adverse conditions such as rainstorm erosion and soil creep.

[0044] Although embodiments of this application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device, characterized in that, include: Pit body (102); The protective structure includes a first plate (201), a second plate (202), and a third plate (203). The first plate (201) is attached to the bottom wall of the pit (102). The second plate (202) is fixedly connected to the first plate (201) and forms a first preset angle with the first plate (201). The third plate (203) is fixedly connected to the second plate (202), and the third plate (203) has several spaced first through holes (2031). The second plate (202), the third plate (203), and the side wall of the pit (102) enclose a planting space. The planting space is filled with a nutrient soil layer (213), and the nutrient soil layer (213) is pressed on the first plate (201). The height of the top surface of the nutrient soil layer (213) is greater than the height of the top surface of the second plate (202). The anti-slip structure is connected to the protective structure and is at least partially located in the soil of the hill (101).

2. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective structure also includes: The fourth plate (204) is fixedly connected to the first plate (201) and fits against the slope of the mountain (101); A fifth plate (205) and a sixth plate (206) are spaced apart. The fifth plate (205) is fixedly connected to the first plate (201), the second plate (202), the third plate (203), and the fourth plate (204), respectively. The sixth plate (206) is fixedly connected to the first plate (201), the second plate (202), the third plate (203), and the fourth plate (204), respectively. The seventh plate (207) is fixedly connected at both ends to the fifth plate (205) and the sixth plate (206) respectively, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the fourth plate (204); The first plate (201), the second plate (202), the third plate (203), the fourth plate (204), the fifth plate (205), the sixth plate (206), and the seventh plate (207) enclose and form an open receiving cavity; The anti-slip structure is connected to the outer wall of the seventh plate (207).

3. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective structure also includes a cover plate (208), which is hinged to the seventh plate (207) and covers the opening receiving cavity. The cover plate (208) has a plurality of spaced guide grooves (2081).

4. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The protective structure also includes: A partition plate (209) is disposed inside the opening receiving cavity, dividing the opening receiving cavity into a first sub-receiving cavity (210) and a second sub-receiving cavity (211). The first sub-receiving cavity (210) is connected to any of the first through holes (2031). A steel grating (212) is disposed in the first sub-accommodating cavity (210). With the first plate body (201) as the height reference, the height of the top surface of the steel grating (212) is less than or equal to the height of the bottom surface of the third plate body (203).

5. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a filter structure, which includes a non-woven geotextile (401), a pebble layer (402) and a quartz sand layer (403) laid from bottom to top. The non-woven geotextile (401) is used to lay on the upper surface of the steel grating (212). Multiple filter structures are stacked to fill the first sub-receiving cavity (210) located on the upper part of the steel grating (212).

6. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure flow rainwater hopper (501) is installed on the fourth plate (204) and is connected to the bottom of the first sub-accommodation cavity (210); The first pipe (502) is connected at one end to the outlet of the pressure flow rainwater bucket (501) and at the other end extends into the second sub-accommodation cavity (211); The second pipe (503) is connected at one end to the first pipe (502) that extends into the second sub-accommodating cavity (211). With the first plate (201) as the height reference, the height of the second pipe (503) is equal to the height of the top surface of the nutrient soil layer (213). The third pipe (504) is connected at one end to the second pipe (503) and at the other end extends out of the second sub-accommodating cavity (211); The drain pipe (505) is connected to the third pipe (504) extending out of the second sub-accommodating cavity (211); The height of the drain pipe (505) is lower than the height of the bottom of the first sub-receiving cavity (210).

7. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple open channels (506) are distributed at intervals on the mountain (101), each of the open channels (506) is laid on the mountain (101) and extends from top to bottom along the slope of the mountain (101); The two ends of the discharge pipe (505) are respectively connected to two adjacent open channels (506).

8. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the first plate (201) is annular or fan-shaped.

9. The soil and water conservation fish-scale pit ecological restoration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anti-slip structure includes: Anchor holes (301) are opened on the slope of the mountain (101), and the anchor holes (301) extend in the direction of gravity; Anchor bolt (302) is inserted into the anchor hole (301); A cement mortar layer (303) is filled in the gap between the anchor hole (301) and the anchor rod (302); A masonry structure (304) is provided with an anchor rod (302) extending out of the anchor hole (301) and connected to the outer wall of the seventh plate (207).

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