High-voltage power supply topology based on super-capacitor energy storage and phase-inverted hybrid PSM

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-voltage power supply control technology for nuclear fusion neutral beams, specifically a high-voltage power supply topology based on a hybrid PSM (phase-shifted inverter) with supercapacitor energy storage. By incorporating supercapacitor energy storage units, energy is released during the pulsed operation phase, with only low-power supplementary power provided during idle periods. This completely avoids the impact of high-power pulsed loads on the power grid, significantly reducing harmonic content and eliminating the need for ultra-large capacity grid-connected equipment, thus greatly reducing grid connection costs. The use of phase-shifted inverter technology effectively cancels harmonic components generated by single circuit switching, reducing current distortion on the transformer's primary side. Combined with a pulse-step modulation voltage regulation method that integrates voltage stabilization and unstabilization modules, it balances basic voltage boosting and fine voltage regulation, reducing output voltage ripple, improving voltage regulation accuracy, and stably maintaining beam parameters to meet the high-precision operation requirements of nuclear fusion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage power supply control technology for nuclear fusion neutral beams, specifically a high-voltage power supply topology based on a hybrid PSM with supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifted inverter. Background Technology

[0002] Neutral beam injection (NBI) is a core supporting system for tokamak nuclear fusion devices, primarily used for plasma heating and current drive. The accelerating electrode operates under harsh conditions, requiring a rated 120kV, high-current, second-level pulsed high-voltage power supply. It must possess characteristics such as intermittent pulse operation, high voltage stability requirements, susceptibility to load arcing, rapid dynamic response, and low output ripple. Currently, mainstream NBI accelerating electrode high-voltage power supply technologies have several inherent drawbacks:

[0003] 1. Conventional pulse step modulation (PSM) power supplies directly draw power from the grid. The instantaneous peak power of the pulse can reach tens of megawatts, which will cause severe grid impact, high harmonic distortion rate, and easy grid voltage fluctuation. At the same time, the equipment has a slow voltage regulation response speed and large output voltage ripple, which cannot meet the requirements of high-precision beam control.

[0004] 2. Although the high-frequency inverter boost topology has excellent dynamic response, the design difficulty of high-voltage winding insulation increases sharply under high-frequency operating conditions, the switching loss of devices is large, the electromagnetic interference problem is prominent, and the stability of high-power long-term operation is insufficient.

[0005] 3. In the pure grid power supply mode without energy storage, large-capacity step-up transformer equipment must be configured, which is bulky and has high construction and operation and maintenance costs.

[0006] 4. Existing energy storage systems mostly use chemical batteries, which have limited charge and discharge rates, short cycle life, and are difficult to adapt to the high-frequency pulse start-stop operation mode of NBI. Furthermore, they have not formed an integrated topology architecture of supercapacitors, phase-shifted inverters, multi-winding isolation, and hybrid PSM cascades, and cannot simultaneously take into account high-voltage output, grid friendliness, operational reliability, and voltage regulation flexibility. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-voltage power supply topology based on a hybrid PSM (phase-shifted inverter) with supercapacitive energy storage, addressing the aforementioned problems.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage phase-shift inverter hybrid PSM, which is suitable for supplying power to NBI in high-current second-level pulse high-voltage power supply scenarios, including a control and protection unit and N sets of power supply components in series.

[0009] The power supply assembly includes, in sequence along the direction of power flow, a charger, an overcapacity energy storage unit, a phase-shifted inverter unit, a multi-winding isolation transformer, and a PSM pulse step modulation module.

[0010] The charger is connected to the mains power grid and is used to convert the standard industrial mains power input from the mains power grid into stable DC power to charge the supercapacitor energy storage unit.

[0011] The supercapacitive energy storage unit is used to perform pulse gap charging and pulse discharging;

[0012] The phase-off inverter unit is used to invert the DC power output by the supercapacitive energy storage unit into AC power at the power frequency, and in the N sets of series power supply components, the inverter drive signal of each set of power supply components is triggered by phase difference of 360° / N.

[0013] The primary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is provided with a single winding for connecting to the AC output terminal of the phase-shifting inverter unit, and the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is provided with multiple independent windings to provide equal input power to it.

[0014] The PSM pulse step modulation module includes a PSM module, which is used to convert the AC power output from the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer into DC power, and to perform voltage step regulation through the series cascade of PSM modules.

[0015] The control and protection unit is used to control the power supply components.

[0016] Furthermore, the charger converts the input 380Vac standard industrial mains power into a stable 1500Vdc DC power, and charges the supercapacitor energy storage unit at a low speed constant current during the idle period of the NBI accelerating electrode pulse gap.

[0017] Furthermore, the supercapacitive energy storage unit stores electrical energy provided by the charger during the idle period between pulses, and disconnects from the charger during the pulse discharge working period, releasing instantaneous high-power electrical energy separately to the phase-shifting inverter unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the phase-shifting inverter unit is a full-bridge IGBT inverter circuit structure that inverts the 1500Vdc DC power output from the bus of the supercapacitive energy storage unit into 50Hz power frequency 690Vac AC power.

[0019] Furthermore, the number of independent windings on the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is equal to the number of PSM modules in the PSM pulse step modulation module.

[0020] Furthermore, the PSM module in the PSM pulse step modulation module includes a regulated PSM module and an unregulated PSM module. The regulated PSM module is used for fine voltage calibration, output ripple suppression, and transient dynamic response.

[0021] The voltage-unstable PSM module is used to output a fixed amplitude DC voltage, and the voltage-unstable PSM module and the voltage-regulated PSM module are cascaded in series to perform voltage step regulation.

[0022] Furthermore, the unregulated PSM module includes an uncontrolled rectifier unit, a filter unit, and a sub-module control unit;

[0023] The uncontrolled rectifier unit includes a three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge, the filter unit includes a filter capacitor, and the submodule control unit includes an IGBT power switch and an output freewheeling diode.

[0024] The three-phase output terminals of the secondary winding of the multi-winding isolation transformer are respectively connected to the three AC input terminals of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge;

[0025] The positive DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the filter capacitor, and the negative DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the negative terminal of the filter capacitor.

[0026] The positive terminal of the filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the IGBT power switch, and the emitter of the IGBT power switch serves as the positive DC output of the unregulated PSM module, while the negative terminal of the filter capacitor serves as the negative DC output of the unregulated PSM module.

[0027] The cathode of the output freewheeling diode is connected to the emitter of the IGBT power switch, and the anode of the output freewheeling diode is connected to the negative terminal of the filter capacitor.

[0028] Furthermore,

[0029] The voltage-regulating PSM module includes an uncontrolled rectifier unit, a filter unit, a phase-out BUCK voltage-regulating unit, and a sub-module control unit;

[0030] The uncontrolled rectifier unit includes a three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge, the filter unit includes an input filter capacitor, the submodule control unit includes a module output IGBT and a module output freewheeling diode, and the phase-shifting BUCK voltage regulator unit includes a BUCK main switch IGBT, a BUCK freewheeling diode, a BUCK filter inductor, and a BUCK output filter capacitor.

[0031] The three-phase output terminals of the secondary winding of the multi-winding isolation transformer are respectively connected to the three AC input terminals of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge;

[0032] The positive DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the filter capacitor, and the negative DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor.

[0033] The positive terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the BUCK main switch IGBT, and the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the anode of the BUCK freewheeling diode.

[0034] The emitter of the BUCK main switch IGBT is connected to the cathode of the BUCK freewheeling diode and the BUCK filter inductor, respectively.

[0035] The other end of the BUCK filter inductor is connected to the positive terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor;

[0036] The negative terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor, and the positive terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the module output IGBT.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following;

[0038] 1. By setting up supercapacitor energy storage units, energy is released by supercapacitors during the pulse operation phase, and small-power supplementary power is only provided during idle periods. This completely avoids the impact of high-power pulse loads on the power grid, significantly reduces harmonic content, eliminates the need for ultra-large capacity grid supporting equipment, and greatly reduces grid access costs.

[0039] 2. The phase-shifting inverter technology effectively cancels the harmonic components generated by a single switch of the circuit and reduces the distortion of the transformer primary side current. Combined with the pulse step modulation voltage regulation method that mixes voltage regulation and voltage stabilization modules, it takes into account both basic voltage boost and fine voltage regulation, reduces output voltage ripple, improves voltage regulation accuracy, and can stably maintain beam parameters to meet the high-precision operation requirements of nuclear fusion experiments.

[0040] 3. The use of a power frequency multi-winding isolation transformer achieves high and low voltage electrical isolation and potential floating isolation. The high voltage insulation design is mature and easy to implement. Compared with high frequency topologies, the device switching losses are lower, the electromagnetic interference is weaker, and the failure rate is low during long-term high-power operation. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a diagram of a high-voltage power supply topology based on a hybrid PSM with out-of-phase inverter and supercapacitive energy storage.

[0042] Figure 2 Topology diagram of the voltage regulator PSM module;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a topology diagram of an unstable PSM module. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0045] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this invention can be combined with each other.

[0047] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage phase-shift inverter hybrid PSM is suitable for supplying power to NBI in high-current, second-level pulse high-voltage power supply scenarios, including a control and protection unit and N sets of power supply components in series.

[0049] The power supply assembly includes, in sequence along the direction of power flow, a charger, an overcapacity energy storage unit, a phase-shifted inverter unit, a multi-winding isolation transformer, and a PSM pulse step modulation module.

[0050] The charger is connected to the mains power grid and is used to convert the standard industrial mains power input from the mains power grid into stable DC power to charge the supercapacitor energy storage unit.

[0051] The supercapacitive energy storage unit is used to perform pulse gap charging and pulse discharging;

[0052] The phase-off inverter unit is used to invert the DC power output by the supercapacitive energy storage unit into AC power at the power frequency, and in the N sets of series power supply components, the inverter drive signal of each set of power supply components is triggered by phase difference of 360° / N.

[0053] The primary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is provided with a single winding for connecting to the AC output terminal of the phase-shifting inverter unit, and the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is provided with multiple independent windings to provide equal input power to it.

[0054] The PSM pulse step modulation module includes a PSM module, which is used to convert the AC power output from the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer into DC power, and to perform voltage step regulation through the series cascade of PSM modules.

[0055] The control and protection unit is used to control the power supply components.

[0056] The purpose of this design is to completely avoid the impact of high-power pulse loads on the power grid by setting up supercapacitor energy storage units, releasing energy through supercapacitors during the pulsed operation phase, and only providing small-power supplementary power during idle periods. This significantly reduces harmonic content, eliminates the need for ultra-large capacity grid-connected equipment, and greatly reduces grid connection costs. The use of phase-shifted inverter technology effectively cancels harmonic components generated by single circuit switching, reducing current distortion on the transformer's primary side. Combined with a pulse-step modulation voltage regulation method that integrates voltage regulation and unregulation modules, it balances basic voltage boosting and fine voltage regulation, reducing output voltage ripple, improving voltage regulation accuracy, and stably maintaining beam parameters to meet the high-precision operation requirements of nuclear fusion experiments. The use of a power frequency multi-winding isolation transformer achieves electrical isolation between high and low voltages and potential floating isolation. The high-voltage insulation design is mature and easy to implement. Compared to high-frequency topologies, it has lower device switching losses, weaker electromagnetic interference, and a lower failure rate during long-term high-power operation.

[0057] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the charger converts the input 380Vac standard industrial mains power into a stable 1500Vdc DC power, and charges the supercapacitor energy storage unit with a low-speed constant current during the idle period of the NBI accelerating electrode pulse gap.

[0058] Meanwhile, the supercapacitive energy storage unit stores the electrical energy provided by the charger during the idle period between pulses, and disconnects from the charger during the pulse discharge working period to release instantaneous high-power electrical energy to the phase-shifting inverter unit separately.

[0059] In practical applications, supercapacitor energy storage units are constructed using a multi-module series-parallel combination to form the energy storage bus, matching the rated input voltage of the subsequent inverter circuit. The operating mode consists of two phases: during the pulse gap idle period, grid power is used to charge the supercapacitor energy storage unit at a low speed with constant current through a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, completing energy storage; during the pulse discharge operating period, the grid charging circuit is disconnected, and the supercapacitor energy storage unit releases power independently, isolating the grid from instantaneous high-power loads throughout the process and suppressing grid impacts at the source. Supercapacitors possess high-power discharge characteristics, capable of meeting the demands of instantaneous high-energy output during pulses.

[0060] It should be noted that in actual use, if lead-acid, lithium batteries or other battery packs are used as energy storage, that is, to replace the supercapacity energy storage unit, their charge and discharge rates are low, they cannot adapt to high-frequency pulse discharge, their cycle life is short, and there are safety hazards such as aging and leakage, and the maintenance workload is large.

[0061] In this embodiment, the phase-shifting inverter unit is a full-bridge IGBT inverter circuit structure that inverts the 1500Vdc DC power output from the bus of the supercapacitive energy storage unit into 50Hz power frequency 690Vac AC power.

[0062] In practical applications, the phase-shifted inverter unit, based on a full-bridge IGBT inverter circuit structure, converts the DC power output from the supercapacitor into AC power at industrial frequency. The inverter drive signals of each power supply component are triggered in phase shifts according to an evenly distributed phase difference, with the phase difference value evenly distributed across 360° electrical angles based on the number of series components. Through the phase shift superposition effect, the harmonic components generated by a single switch of the circuit are canceled out, reducing the current distortion on the primary side of the transformer, while effectively increasing the system switching frequency and reducing the size of the back-end filtering components.

[0063] In this embodiment, the number of independent windings on the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is equal to the number of PSM modules in the PSM pulse step modulation module.

[0064] In practical applications, the primary winding of the transformer is set with a single winding, connected to the AC output terminal of the phase-shifting inverter unit; the secondary winding is evenly divided into multiple independent windings, with the number of windings corresponding one-to-one with the number of downstream PSM modules. All secondary windings are electrically isolated from each other and have independently floating potentials. High- and low-voltage electrical isolation is achieved using a power frequency transformer, simplifying the high-voltage insulation layout; each secondary winding outputs an AC voltage with a uniform amplitude, providing equal input power to the subsequent PSM modules.

[0065] In this embodiment, the PSM module in the PSM pulse step modulation module includes a regulated PSM module and an unstable PSM module. The regulated PSM module is used for fine voltage calibration, output ripple suppression, and transient dynamic response.

[0066] The voltage-unstable PSM module is used to output a fixed amplitude DC voltage, and the voltage-unstable PSM module and the voltage-regulated PSM module are cascaded in series to perform voltage step regulation.

[0067] Simultaneously, each transformer's secondary winding is matched with a rectifier and filter circuit, converting it into a stable DC voltage before connecting it to the PSM voltage regulation link. The unit is internally divided into two types of functional modules: the unregulated PSM module outputs a fixed-amplitude DC voltage, responsible for superimposing the base voltage output; it features a simple circuit structure and high energy conversion efficiency. The regulated PSM module has continuously adjustable output characteristics and is used for fine voltage calibration and ripple suppression compensation. All modules are cascaded in series, and the switching on and off of the control devices enables the module to be put into operation or bypassed, completing the internal voltage step regulation of a single component.

[0068] In practical use, such as Figure 3 As shown, a specific structure of an unregulated PSM module is provided, which includes an uncontrolled rectifier unit, a filter unit, and a sub-module control unit;

[0069] The uncontrolled rectifier unit includes a three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge, the filter unit includes a filter capacitor, and the submodule control unit includes an IGBT power switch and an output freewheeling diode.

[0070] The three-phase output terminals of the secondary winding of the multi-winding isolation transformer are respectively connected to the three AC input terminals of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge;

[0071] The positive DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the filter capacitor, and the negative DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the negative terminal of the filter capacitor.

[0072] The positive terminal of the filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the IGBT power switch, and the emitter of the IGBT power switch serves as the positive DC output of the unregulated PSM module, while the negative terminal of the filter capacitor serves as the negative DC output of the unregulated PSM module.

[0073] The cathode of the output freewheeling diode is connected to the emitter of the IGBT power switch, and the anode of the output freewheeling diode is connected to the negative terminal of the filter capacitor.

[0074] The purpose of this design is to achieve the following topology: based on the uncontrolled rectifier unit, filter unit, submodule control unit, and necessary bypass switch, in the module's active state, the submodule control unit outputs a high level to drive the IGBT to conduct, and the DC voltage across the filter capacitor is directly output to the PSM cascade link, resulting in a module output voltage equal to the rectified fixed voltage. In the module's bypass state, the submodule control unit outputs a low level to turn off the IGBT, and the current in the cascade link flows through the output freewheeling diode, making the module output voltage approximately zero. During the filtering process, only the parallel filter capacitor completes the filtering, eliminating the ripple generated by the three-phase uncontrolled rectification. Since the PSM module itself operates in a switching state, no further filtering via a series inductor is required.

[0075] In practical use, such as Figure 2 As shown, a specific structure of a voltage regulator PSM module is provided, including an uncontrolled rectifier unit, a filter unit, a phase-shifted BUCK voltage regulator unit, and a sub-module control unit.

[0076] The uncontrolled rectifier unit includes a three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge, the filter unit includes an input filter capacitor, the submodule control unit includes a module output IGBT and a module output freewheeling diode, and the phase-shifting BUCK voltage regulator unit includes a BUCK main switch IGBT, a BUCK freewheeling diode, a BUCK filter inductor, and a BUCK output filter capacitor.

[0077] The three-phase output terminals of the secondary winding of the multi-winding isolation transformer are respectively connected to the three AC input terminals of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge;

[0078] The positive DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the filter capacitor, and the negative DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor.

[0079] The positive terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the BUCK main switch IGBT, and the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the anode of the BUCK freewheeling diode.

[0080] The emitter of the BUCK main switch IGBT is connected to the cathode of the BUCK freewheeling diode and the BUCK filter inductor, respectively.

[0081] The other end of the BUCK filter inductor is connected to the positive terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor;

[0082] The negative terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor, and the positive terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the module output IGBT.

[0083] The purpose of this design is to ensure that, based on the uncontrolled rectifier unit, filter unit, phase-shifted BUCK voltage regulator unit, submodule control unit, and necessary bypass switch topology, the module output IGBT remains on during normal voltage regulation. The submodule control unit outputs a PWM signal to drive the BUCK main switch IGBT, and the output voltage can be continuously adjusted from 0 to the rated value by adjusting the PWM duty cycle. At the same time, the BUCK filter inductor and the output filter capacitor work together to filter out switching ripple.

[0084] In the module bypass state, the submodule control unit simultaneously turns off the BUCK main switch IGBT and the module output IGBT. The current in the PSM cascade link flows through the module output freewheeling diode, making the output voltage of this module approximately 0.

[0085] In fault protection mode, when an overvoltage, overcurrent, or overheating fault occurs inside the module, the submodule control unit immediately shuts off the BUCK main switch IGBT and the module output IGBT, disconnecting the module from the cascaded link.

[0086] In this embodiment, after a single power supply component completes its own voltage regulation, the high-voltage sides of N components are connected in series from end to end, and the voltages are superimposed step by step to finally synthesize a continuously adjustable pulse high voltage of 0-120kV to supply power to the NBI accelerating electrode load.

[0087] In the control and protection unit, the dual-core controller coordinates the overall operation logic, accurately outputting the phase-shifting inverter drive timing, PSM module switching commands, and pulse start / stop signals; it also collects operating parameters such as output voltage, loop current, and device temperature in real time. A multi-level protection mechanism is implemented, rapidly shutting down power devices within microseconds and synchronously bypassing faulty components in the event of load arcing, overvoltage, or overcurrent faults to suppress the spread of fault energy; it strictly adheres to the NBI equipment's operating sequence, controlling the pulse output duration and intermittent charging cycle to match actual on-site operating conditions.

[0088] This standardized and unified design of power components allows for adaptation to different high-voltage levels by simply adding or removing series components; a single module failure can be bypassed independently without affecting the operation of the rest of the unit, simplifying maintenance and replacement. The supercapacity energy storage unit can achieve more than one million high-frequency charge-discharge cycles, perfectly matching the NBI intermittent pulse working mode, eliminating the aging and failure drawbacks of chemical batteries, and significantly extending the overall service life of the equipment.

[0089] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage power supply topology based on a hybrid PSM (hybrid PSM) with supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifting inverter, suitable for supplying power to NBI (Non-Bipolar Interruptible Power) in high-current, second-level pulse high-voltage power supply scenarios, characterized in that... It includes a control and protection unit and N sets of power supply components connected in series; The power supply assembly includes, in sequence along the direction of power flow, a charger, an overcapacity energy storage unit, a phase-shifted inverter unit, a multi-winding isolation transformer, and a PSM pulse step modulation module. The charger is connected to the mains power grid and is used to convert the standard industrial mains power input from the mains power grid into stable DC power to charge the supercapacitor energy storage unit. The supercapacitive energy storage unit is used to perform pulse gap charging and pulse discharging; The phase-off inverter unit is used to invert the DC power output by the supercapacitive energy storage unit into AC power at the power frequency, and in the N sets of series power supply components, the inverter drive signal of each set of power supply components is triggered by phase difference of 360° / N. The primary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is provided with a single winding for connecting to the AC output terminal of the phase-shifting inverter unit, and the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is provided with multiple independent windings to provide equal input power to it. The PSM pulse step modulation module includes a PSM module, which is used to convert the AC power output from the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer into DC power, and to perform voltage step regulation through the series cascade of PSM modules. The control and protection unit is used to control the power supply components.

2. The high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifted inverter hybrid PSM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charger converts the input 380Vac standard industrial mains power into a stable 1500Vdc DC power, and charges the supercapacitor energy storage unit at a low speed constant current during the idle period of the NBI accelerating electrode pulse gap.

3. The high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifting inverter hybrid PSM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitive energy storage unit stores electrical energy provided by the charger during the idle period between pulses. During the pulse discharge working period, the supercapacitive energy storage unit disconnects from the charger and releases instantaneous high-power electrical energy to the phase-shifting inverter unit separately.

4. The high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifted inverter hybrid PSM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase-shifting inverter unit is a full-bridge IGBT inverter circuit structure that inverts the 1500Vdc DC power output from the bus of the supercapacitive energy storage unit into 50Hz power frequency 690Vac AC power.

5. The high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifted inverter hybrid PSM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of independent windings on the secondary side of the multi-winding isolation transformer is equal to the number of PSM modules in the PSM pulse step modulation module.

6. The high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifted inverter hybrid PSM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PSM pulse step modulation module includes a regulated PSM module and an unstable PSM module. The regulated PSM module is used for fine voltage calibration, output ripple suppression and transient dynamic response. The voltage-unstable PSM module is used to output a fixed amplitude DC voltage, and the voltage-unstable PSM module and the voltage-regulated PSM module are cascaded in series to perform voltage step regulation.

7. The high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifted inverter hybrid PSM according to claim 6, characterized in that, The uncontrolled PSM module includes an uncontrolled rectifier unit, a filter unit, and a sub-module control unit; The uncontrolled rectifier unit includes a three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge, the filter unit includes a filter capacitor, and the submodule control unit includes an IGBT power switch and an output freewheeling diode. The three-phase output terminals of the secondary winding of the multi-winding isolation transformer are respectively connected to the three AC input terminals of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge; The positive DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the filter capacitor, and the negative DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the negative terminal of the filter capacitor. The positive terminal of the filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the IGBT power switch, and the emitter of the IGBT power switch serves as the positive DC output of the unregulated PSM module, while the negative terminal of the filter capacitor serves as the negative DC output of the unregulated PSM module. The cathode of the output freewheeling diode is connected to the emitter of the IGBT power switch, and the anode of the output freewheeling diode is connected to the negative terminal of the filter capacitor.

8. The high-voltage power supply topology based on supercapacitive energy storage and phase-shifted inverter hybrid PSM according to claim 6, characterized in that, The voltage-regulating PSM module includes an uncontrolled rectifier unit, a filter unit, a phase-out BUCK voltage-regulating unit, and a sub-module control unit; The uncontrolled rectifier unit includes a three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge, the filter unit includes an input filter capacitor, the submodule control unit includes a module output IGBT and a module output freewheeling diode, and the phase-shifting BUCK voltage regulator unit includes a BUCK main switch IGBT, a BUCK freewheeling diode, a BUCK filter inductor, and a BUCK output filter capacitor. The three-phase output terminals of the secondary winding of the multi-winding isolation transformer are respectively connected to the three AC input terminals of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge; The positive DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the filter capacitor, and the negative DC output terminal of the three-phase uncontrolled diode rectifier bridge is connected to the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor. The positive terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the BUCK main switch IGBT, and the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor is connected to the anode of the BUCK freewheeling diode. The emitter of the BUCK main switch IGBT is connected to the cathode of the BUCK freewheeling diode and the BUCK filter inductor, respectively. The other end of the BUCK filter inductor is connected to the positive terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor; The negative terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the input filter capacitor, and the positive terminal of the BUCK output filter capacitor is connected to the collector of the module output IGBT.

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