Foldable telescopic single support for underground gob-side entry retaining wall

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of underground roadway support, in particular to a foldable telescopic single support for underground gob-side entry retaining wall, comprising a hydraulic telescopic single body, a folding structure, a supporting structure, a splicing structure, a ground gripping structure and a traction structure; the folding structure can fold and lock the two side auxiliary guards inward, greatly reducing the overall width, facilitating underground transfer and storage, avoiding guard shaking and bumping, the supporting structure assembles a triangular diagonal support to hold the auxiliary guard, optimizing the stress form and enhancing the ability to resist lateral pressure of gangue, the splicing structure can realize quick insertion of adjacent supports, connecting into a closed whole retaining wall to improve the joint support strength; the ground gripping structure adopts double anchoring of bottom plate steel claws and retractable steel piles, the steel claws grab floating coal and the steel piles are embedded in deep rock, effectively preventing the support from slipping, and the steel piles can be retracted and fixed when idle; the traction structure adopts a split insertion design, single body failure can be individually unlocked and separated, without the need to disassemble the traction rope, facilitating equipment maintenance and withdrawal operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground roadway support technology, specifically a foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along underground roadways. Background Technology

[0002] Goaf retention is a key technology in green coal mining. By preserving roadways at the edge of the goaf, coal pillars in sections are eliminated, and the coal resource recovery rate is improved. At present, underground goaf retention generally adopts single hydraulic supports in combination with retaining plates to construct roadway retaining walls, which prevent gangue from the goaf from entering the working roadway and ensure ventilation and mining safety.

[0003] However, traditional retaining walls with single-unit support top protective panels are mostly integral fixed structures. The panels cannot be folded and retracted. In the narrow underground roadways, during winch transfers, and short-distance underground relocations, the oversized dimensions are prone to bumping into roadway pipelines and roof anchors. Loading and transportation efficiency is low, and storage space is large when not in use. Some simple hinged panels lack locking and limiting structures, allowing the panels to swing freely during transport, posing a risk of collision and injury. When the panels are fully unfolded, they rely solely on the hinge point at the top of the unit for force. When subjected to lateral rock impact loads, the panels are prone to bending and deformation, resulting in a short service life and frequent replacement of panels, which significantly increases support costs. Conventional single-unit supports are only equipped with a single protective steel plate, and the coverage of a single support is small. Constructing a continuous retaining wall requires a large number of single units to be densely arranged. There is a lack of quick positioning and plug-in structure between adjacent supports, and the connection stability between adjacent supports is poor. The underground floor is mostly composed of broken loose coal and mudstone that softens when exposed to water. The traditional single support base is a flat steel plate structure, which has insufficient gripping force with the roadway floor. When the roof of the goaf collapses and the gangue squeezes the retaining wall laterally, the support base is prone to lateral slippage and the support becomes tilted and unstable. The middle of adjacent single-unit supports is tied together by a traction rope. The traction rope improves the overall stability of the adjacent single-unit supports. However, when the guard plate of a single single-unit support is damaged or the telescopic unit fails, the entangled traction rope is difficult to remove when replacing the telescopic unit or guard plate, which affects the convenience of replacing and maintaining the single-unit support. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along underground goaf.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a foldable telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines, including a hydraulic telescopic single unit, the top of which is provided with a folding structure, and the folding structure is provided with a support structure; Said folding structure comprises a folding member, a main guard plate, an auxiliary guard plate and a limiting member. The main guard plate and the auxiliary guard plate are folded by the folding member, the main guard plate and the auxiliary guard plate before and after folding are limited by said limiting member, and the unfolded auxiliary guard plate is supported by said supporting structure.

[0006] Specifically, the folding member comprises a connecting seat, a first rotating shaft, a fixing seat, a fixing frame, a second rotating shaft and a rotating seat. The top end of the hydraulic telescopic monomer is fixedly connected with the connecting seat, the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the connecting seat, the bottom end of the main guard plate is fixedly connected with the fixing seat, and the fixing seat is rotatably connected with the first rotating shaft. A fixing frame with an inverted U-shaped cross section is fixedly connected to the bottom of each end of the main guard plate, a second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the fixing frame, one auxiliary guard plate is arranged at each end of the main guard plate, a rotating seat with an L-shaped cross section is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary guard plate, the rotating seat is rotatably connected with the second rotating shaft, and the limiting member is arranged on the rotating seat.

[0007] Specifically, the limiting member comprises a sliding bar, a clamping bar, guide shafts and a first spring. A sliding bar with a π-shaped cross section is slidably connected to the rotating seat, the clamping bar is fixedly connected to the sliding bar, two limiting grooves are symmetrically arranged on the second rotating shaft, and the clamping bar is clamped with the limiting grooves. Two guide shafts are fixedly connected inside the rotating seat, the sliding bar is slidably connected with the guide shafts, the first spring is sleeved outside the guide shafts, and two ends of the first spring are respectively fixedly connected with the rotating seat and the sliding bar.

[0008] Specifically, the supporting structure comprises rotating members, short rods, long rods and an connecting member. Two rotating members are arranged at the bottom of each end of the main guard plate, and two rotating members are arranged at the bottom end of each auxiliary guard plate. The rotating member comprises a mounting seat, the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the main guard plate and the auxiliary guard plate, a third rotating shaft with an H-shaped cross section penetrates through the mounting seat, two limiting rods are fixedly connected to the inner side of the third rotating shaft, a plurality of limiting holes are arranged in a circumferential array on the mounting seat, the limiting rods are clamped with the limiting holes, a second spring is fixedly connected to the outer side of the mounting seat, and the third rotating shaft abuts against the second spring. A short rod is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft at the bottom end of the main guard plate, a long rod is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft at the bottom end of the auxiliary guard plate, and the connecting member is arranged at the bottom ends of the long rod and the short rod.

[0009] Specifically, the connecting member comprises through holes, a through rod, a first knob and first screw holes. The through holes are arranged at the bottom ends of the long rod and the short rod, the same through rod penetrates through the through holes, and the long rod and the short rod are arranged in a staggered manner. The bottom end of the long rod is rotatably connected with the first knob, two first screw holes are arranged on the through rod, and the first knob is in threaded connection with the first screw holes.

[0010] Specifically, the sub-guard plate is provided with a splicing structure, which includes plug-in components and fixing components. The plug-in components include sliding sleeves, plug sleeves, plug strips, guide blocks, and guide grooves. Two sliding sleeves are fixedly connected to one sub-guard plate on one side of the main guard plate, and two plug sleeves are fixedly connected to the other sub-guard plate on the other side. A plug strip is slidably connected inside the sliding sleeve. The plug strip is plugged into the plug sleeve on the adjacent telescopic single bracket. A guide groove is provided on each side of the sliding sleeve. A guide block is fixedly connected to the plug strip. The guide block is slidably connected to the guide groove.

[0011] Specifically, the insert has two symmetrically sliding connecting strips inside. Each connecting strip has a locking block with a trapezoidal end cross-section fixedly connected to it. The sliding sleeve has two first locking slots, and the insert has two second locking slots. The locking block engages with the first locking slot and the second locking slot. A guide rod is fixedly connected inside the insert. A third spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod. The connecting strip is slidably connected to the guide rod. The two ends of the third spring are fixedly connected to the two connecting strips respectively. A pressing block is fixedly connected to the connecting strip and is slidably connected to the insert.

[0012] Specifically, the bottom end of the hydraulic telescopic unit is provided with a gripping structure, which includes a gripping component and a storage component. The gripping component includes a base plate, embedded steel claws, fixing sleeves, steel piles, and reinforcing ribs. The bottom end of the hydraulic telescopic unit is fixedly connected to the base plate. Multiple reinforcing ribs are fixedly connected in a circumferential array between the hydraulic telescopic unit and the base plate. The bottom end of the base plate is provided with multiple embedded steel claws with a V-shaped cross-section. Two fixing sleeves are fixedly connected to the base plate. Steel piles with a V-shaped cross-section at the bottom end are slidably connected inside the fixing sleeves.

[0013] Specifically, a pressure plate is fixedly connected to the top of the steel pile, and a second knob is rotatably connected to the pressure plate. The hydraulic telescopic unit is provided with two second screw holes. After the steel pile rises and retracts into the fixed sleeve, the second knob is threadedly connected to the second screw hole.

[0014] Specifically, the hydraulic telescopic unit is equipped with a traction structure, which includes a traction seat. The traction seat with an inverted U-shaped cross-section is fixedly connected to the hydraulic telescopic unit. A fourth rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the traction seat. A traction shaft is rotatably connected to the fourth rotating shaft. A plug is fixedly connected to the end of the traction shaft. A slot is fixedly connected to the traction seat. The plug is inserted into the slot. An anti-deviation groove is provided on the traction shaft. A traction rope is wound on the traction shaft. Multiple traction ropes pull multiple hydraulic telescopic units. The anti-deviation groove limits the axial movement of the traction rope. Both the traction seat and the plug are provided with waist-shaped through holes. A connecting shaft is slidably connected inside the through holes. A waist-shaped counterweight block is fixedly connected to each end of the connecting shaft. The counterweight block is slidably connected to the traction seat.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention provides a foldable telescopic single support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines. The secondary support plates on both sides of the main support plate are folded inward and attached to the plate surface through the folding structure, and the plate is limited. After folding, the width of the whole machine is greatly reduced, which facilitates underground vehicle transportation and warehouse storage, and prevents the support plates from swinging irregularly and bumping into people during the transportation process.

[0016] (2) The foldable telescopic single-unit support for retaining wall along the goaf in the present invention forms a diagonal brace through the support structure, which lifts the secondary guard plate from the bottom, changes the disadvantage of the traditional guard plate being subjected to single-point force, significantly improves the secondary guard plate's resistance to lateral extrusion of gangue, reduces the probability of guard plate deformation and damage, and reduces the cost of replacing parts.

[0017] (3) The foldable telescopic single support for the retaining wall of the underground goaf retention roadway described in this invention enables multiple sets of supports to be quickly spliced ​​together to form a continuous and sealed retaining wall through the plug-in structure, thereby improving the support strength at the splicing joints of multiple supports.

[0018] (4) The present invention provides a foldable telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines. After the gripping structure lands, the steel claws are driven into the surface floating coal, and the steel piles are driven into the deep rock strata. It is suitable for various bottom plate conditions such as soft rock, crushed coal and hard rock, and effectively prevents the support from slipping under lateral loads. The steel piles can be stored and fixed as a whole, without affecting the transportation of equipment.

[0019] (5) The foldable telescopic single support for retaining wall along the goaf in the present invention has a traction structure that can disconnect the traction plug of the support when a single support fails, without having to remove the traction rope as a whole, which facilitates the individual disassembly and maintenance of the single support and improves the efficiency of withdrawal and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of a foldable and telescopic single-unit support for a retaining wall for underground goaf retention provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shown is an enlarged view of the structure of part A. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gripping structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the traction structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the secondary protective plate and the insert sleeve of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shown is an enlarged view of the structure of section B. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the mounting base and the limiting hole of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the auxiliary guard plate and the rotating base of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing structure of the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 The diagram shows an enlarged view of section C. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the second rotating shaft and the limiting groove of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Hydraulic telescopic unit; 2. Folding structure; 201. Connecting seat; 202. First rotating shaft; 203. Fixed seat; 204. Main guard plate; 205. Secondary guard plate; 206. Fixed frame; 207. Second rotating shaft; 208. Rotary seat; 209. Sliding bar; 210. Locking bar; 211. Limiting groove; 212. Guide shaft; 213. First spring; 3. Support structure; 301. Mounting seat; 302. Third rotating shaft; 303. Limiting rod; 304. Limiting hole; 305. Second spring; 306. Short rod; 307. Long rod; 308. Through hole; 309. Through rod; 310. First knob; 311. First screw hole; 4. Splicing structure; 401. Sliding sleeve; 402. Insert sleeve; 403. Insert strip; 404. Guide block; 405. Guide groove; 406. Connecting strip; 407. Locking block; 408. First locking groove; 409. Second locking groove; 410. Guide rod; 411. Third spring; 412. Pressing block; 5. Grip structure; 501. Base plate; 502. Embedded steel claw; 503. Fixing sleeve; 504. Steel pile; 505. Pressure plate; 506. Second knob; 507. Second screw hole; 508. Reinforcing rib plate; 6. Traction structure; 601. Traction seat; 602. Fourth rotating shaft; 603. Traction shaft; 604. Plug; 605. Slot; 606. Anti-deviation groove; 607. Traction rope; 608. Through hole; 609. Connecting shaft; 610. Counterweight stop block. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0024] like Figures 1-11 As shown, the present invention provides a foldable telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines, including a hydraulic telescopic unit 1, a folding structure 2 at the top of the hydraulic telescopic unit 1, and a support structure 3 on the folding structure 2. The folding structure 2 comprises a folding member, a main shield plate 204, an auxiliary shield plate 205 and a limiting member. The main shield plate 204 and the auxiliary shield plate 205 are folded by the folding member, the main shield plate 204 and the auxiliary shield plate 205 before and after folding are limited by the limiting member, and the unfolded auxiliary shield plate 205 is supported by the supporting structure 3.

[0025] Specifically, the folding member comprises a connecting seat 201, a first rotating shaft 202, a fixing seat 203, a fixing frame 206, a second rotating shaft 207 and a rotating seat 208. The top end of the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 is fixedly connected with the connecting seat 201, the first rotating shaft 202 is fixedly connected to the connecting seat 201, the bottom end of the main shield plate 204 is fixedly connected with the fixing seat 203, and the fixing seat 203 is rotatably connected with the first rotating shaft 202. One fixing frame 206 with an inverted U-shaped cross section is fixedly connected to the bottom of each of two ends of the main shield plate 204, the second rotating shaft 207 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 206, one auxiliary shield plate 205 is arranged at each of two ends of the main shield plate 204, the bottom end of the auxiliary shield plate 205 is fixedly connected with the rotating seat 208 with an L-shaped cross section, the rotating seat 208 is rotatably connected with the second rotating shaft 207, and the limiting member is arranged on the rotating seat 208. The limiting member comprises a sliding bar 209, a clamping bar 210, guide shafts 212 and a first spring 213. The sliding bar 209 with an Ω-shaped cross section is slidably connected to the rotating seat 208, the clamping bar 210 is fixedly connected to the sliding bar 209, two limiting grooves 211 are symmetrically arranged on the second rotating shaft 207, the clamping bar 210 is clamped with the limiting grooves 211, two guide shafts 212 are fixedly connected inside the rotating seat 208, the sliding bar 209 is slidably connected with the guide shafts 212, the first spring 213 is sleeved outside the guide shafts 212, and two ends of the first spring 213 are respectively fixedly connected with the rotating seat 208 and the sliding bar 209. During folding, the sliding bar 209 on the rotating seat 208 is pulled to compress the first spring 213, so that the clamping bar 210 is disengaged from the limiting groove 211 at the unfolding station of the second rotating shaft 207, and the locking of the auxiliary shield plate 205 is released. The left and right auxiliary shield plates 205 are turned inward around the second rotating shaft 207 to be tightly attached to the plate surface of the main shield plate 204, the sliding bar 209 is released, the first spring 213 rebounds to push the clamping bar 210 to be clamped into the limiting groove 211 at the folding station, so as to lock the folded state of the auxiliary shield plates 205, then the whole group of the main shield plate 204 together with the auxiliary shield plates 205 is turned upward to be tightly attached to the outer wall of the cylinder body of the hydraulic telescopic unit 1, further reducing the transverse dimension of the support. During supporting, the sliding bar 209 is pulled to unlock the clamping bar 210, the auxiliary shield plates 205 on both sides are turned horizontally outward around the second rotating shaft 207 to a flat state, after the sliding bar 209 is released, the first spring 213 rebounds, the clamping bar 210 is automatically clamped into the limiting groove 211 at the unfolding station, and the main shield plate 204 and the auxiliary shield plates 205 on both sides form an integrated wide shielding plate surface.

[0026] Specifically, the support structure 3 includes rotating parts, short rods 306, long rods 307, and connecting parts. Two rotating parts are located at the bottom of each end of the main guard plate 204, and two rotating parts are located at the bottom of each secondary guard plate 205. Each rotating part includes a mounting base 301. The mounting base 301 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main guard plate 204 and the secondary guard plate 205. A third rotating shaft 302 with an "H"-shaped cross-section passes through the mounting base 301. Two limiting rods 303 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the third rotating shaft 302. Multiple limiting holes 304 are arranged in a circumferential array on the mounting base 301. The limiting rods 303 and the limiting holes 304... The mounting base 301 is fixedly connected to a second spring 305. A third rotating shaft 302 abuts against the second spring 305. A short rod 306 is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft 302 at the bottom of the main guard plate 204. A long rod 307 is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft 302 at the bottom of the secondary guard plate 205. The bottom ends of the long rod 307 and the short rod 306 are provided with connecting parts. The connecting parts include a through hole 308, a through rod 309, a first knob 310, and a first screw hole 311. The bottom ends of the long rod 307 and the short rod 306 are provided with a through hole 308. The same through rod 309 passes through the through hole 308. The long rod 307 and short rod 306 are offset from each other. The bottom end of the long rod 307 is rotatably connected to the first knob 310. The through rod 309 has two first screw holes 311. The first knob 310 is threadedly connected to the first screw holes 311. When folding the guard plate, loosen the first knob 310, remove the through rod 309, separate the long rod 307 and short rod 306, press the end of the third rotating shaft 302 inward, compress the outer second spring 305, and after the limiting rod 303 disengages from the limiting hole 304, rotate the short rod 306 and the long rod 307 so that the long and short rods fold upward and fit against the bottom surface of the guard plate, completing the folding of all support components. Pressing the third rotating shaft 302 compresses the second spring 305, and rotates the short rod 306 and the long rod 307 downwards respectively, so that the short rod 306 is in a vertical state, and the long rod 307 is rotated until the bottom through hole 308 is aligned with the bottom through hole 308 of the short rod 306, and then passes through the through rod 309. Rotate the first knob 310 and screw it into the first screw hole 311 corresponding to the through rod 309 to lock it. Release the third rotating shaft 302, and the second spring 305 rebounds and pushes the limiting rod 303 into the limiting hole 304 of the mounting base 301 to fix the tilt angle of the rod. The long and short rods form a triangular diagonal brace structure, which supports the sub-guard plate 205 from below.

[0027] Specifically, the secondary guard plate 205 is provided with a splicing structure 4, which includes plug-in components and fixing components. The plug-in components include a sliding sleeve 401, a plug sleeve 402, a plug strip 403, a guide block 404, and a guide groove 405. Two sliding sleeves 401 are fixedly connected to one secondary guard plate 205 on one side of the main guard plate 204, and two plug sleeves 402 are fixedly connected to the other secondary guard plate 205 on the other side. A plug strip 403 is slidably connected inside the sliding sleeve 401. The plug strip 403 is plugged into the plug sleeve 402 on the adjacent telescopic unit bracket. A guide groove 405 is provided on each side of the sliding sleeve 401. A guide block 404 is fixedly connected to the plug strip 403. The guide block 404 and the guide groove 405 are connected to each other. 05. Sliding connection; The insert 403 has two symmetrically slidingly connected connecting strips 406. Each connecting strip 406 has a trapezoidal end section locking block 407 fixedly connected to it. The sliding sleeve 401 has two first locking slots 408, and the insert sleeve 402 has two second locking slots 409. The locking block 407 engages with the first locking slot 408 and the second locking slot 409. A guide rod 410 is fixedly connected inside the insert 403. A third spring 411 is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod 410. The connecting strip 406 is slidably connected to the guide rod 410. The two ends of the third spring 411 are fixedly connected to the two connecting strips 406 respectively. A pressing... Press block 412, press block 412 and insert strip 403 to slide and connect; after the single frame is fixed, multiple frames are interlocked by splicing structure 4. The insert sleeve 402 of the right end of the auxiliary guard plate 205 of the front support is aligned with the sliding sleeve 401 of the left end of the auxiliary guard plate 205 of the rear support. The insert strip 403 inside the sliding sleeve 401 is pulled out and horizontally inserted into the insert sleeve 402; the end of the insert sleeve 402 presses the trapezoidal locking block 407 inside the insert strip 403. The locking block 407 is compressed by the inclined plane pushing force to compress the third spring 411. After the insert strip 403 is fully inserted, the third spring 411 rebounds and drives the connecting strips 406 on both sides to slide. The locking block 407 is locked into the second slot 409 on the insert sleeve 402, automatically locking the insert strip 403. The support frame is connected as a whole. The guide block 404 and guide groove 405 prevent the insert 403 from being over-inserted. Subsequent supports are repeatedly inserted in sequence, and the entire roadway is formed into a continuous closed roadside retaining wall at one time. When disassembling the support frame later, press the pressing blocks 412 on both sides of the insert 403 with both hands, squeeze the third spring 411 to retract the locking block 407. After the locking block 407 disengages from the second locking groove 409, the insert 403 can be pulled out, and adjacent supports can be quickly disassembled. After the insert 403 is completely removed, slide the insert 403 so that the locking block 407 on the insert 403 engages with the first locking groove 408 on the sliding sleeve 401, so that the insert 403 does not slide freely inside the sliding sleeve 401 during the transport of the support frame.

[0028] Specifically, the bottom end of the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 is provided with a gripping structure 5, which includes a gripping component and a storage component. The gripping component includes a base plate 501, embedded steel claws 502, a fixing sleeve 503, a steel pile 504, and reinforcing ribs 508. The bottom end of the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 is fixedly connected to the base plate 501. Multiple reinforcing ribs 508 are fixedly connected in a circumferential array between the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 and the base plate 501. The bottom end of the base plate 501 is provided with multiple embedded steel claws 502 with a V-shaped cross section. Two fixing sleeves 503 are fixedly connected to the base plate 501. The steel piles 504 with a V-shaped cross section at the bottom end are slidably connected inside the fixing sleeves 503. The top end of the steel piles 504 is fixedly connected to a pressure plate 505. A second knob 506 is rotatably connected to the pressure plate 505. The hydraulic telescopic unit 1 is provided with two second screw holes 507. After the steel piles 504 rise and retract into the fixing sleeves 503, the second knob 506 and the second screw holes 507... When transporting the support frame via threaded connection, pull up the pressure plate 505 to completely retract the steel pile 504 into the fixing sleeve 503. Rotate the second knob 506 and screw it into the second threaded hole 507 of the hydraulic unit cylinder to lock the steel pile 504, preventing it from falling and injuring operators during transport. When installing the support frame, the lower bottom plate 501 of the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 naturally falls to the ground, and the V-shaped embedded steel claws 502 on the bottom surface of the bottom plate 501 penetrate the surface of the tunnel under the weight of the entire machine. For floating coal, the first layer of anti-slip limit is achieved. Unscrew the second knob 506 to release the lock of the steel pile 504. Use a sledgehammer to hammer the pressure plate 505 downwards, driving the steel pile 504 vertically downwards along the fixing sleeve 503 into the lower coal and rock layer to complete the secondary anchoring. If the steel pile 504 cannot be driven into the hard rock base 501, the steel pile 504 can be temporarily retracted into the fixing sleeve 503 and locked for later use. Multiple sets of supports are placed at equal intervals according to the roadway direction, with a reserved splicing and assembly allowance.

[0029] Specifically, the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 is equipped with a traction structure 6, which includes a traction seat 601. The traction seat 601, with an inverted U-shaped cross-section, is fixedly connected to the hydraulic telescopic unit 1. A fourth rotating shaft 602 is rotatably connected to the traction seat 601, and a traction shaft 603 is rotatably connected to the fourth rotating shaft 602. A plug 604 is fixedly connected to the end of the traction shaft 603. A slot 605 is fixedly connected to the traction seat 601, and the plug 604 is inserted into the slot 605. The traction shaft 603 is provided with an anti-deviation groove 606. Multiple hydraulic telescopic units 1 are pulled by multiple traction ropes 607. The axial movement of the traction ropes 607 is limited by the anti-deviation groove 606. Both the traction seat 601 and the plug 604 are provided with waist-shaped through holes 608. A connecting shaft 609 is slidably connected inside the through hole 608. Each end of the connecting shaft 609 is fixedly connected to a waist-shaped counterweight block 610. The counterweight block 610 is slidably connected to the traction seat 601. When the working face is mined out and the roadway no longer needs retaining wall support, the supports are withdrawn in batches, and the hydraulic telescopic units 1 are depressurized. The piston rod retracts, the plug 604 is unplugged, and the traction shaft 603 is flipped downwards to release the traction rope 607 wound inside the anti-deviation groove 606. The traction ropes 607 of multiple supports are then connected to the working face retraction winch, which pulls the supports back in unison. The anti-deviation groove 606 restricts the lateral deviation of the traction rope 607, preventing rope slippage and support collapse accidents. If a single support is damaged and needs to be replaced individually, simply unplug the plug 604 of the traction shaft 603 of that support to unwrap the traction rope 607 from the end of the individual traction shaft 603 and replace it with a new single support. After setting up the frame, wrap the traction rope 607 around the new traction shaft 603, then insert the plug 604 on the new traction shaft 603 into the traction seat 601. Then, insert the connecting shaft 609 through the through hole 608. The counterweight blocks 610 on both sides make the connecting shaft 609 slide down by their own weight. The counterweight blocks 610 block both sides of the traction seat 601, thus limiting the plug 604. When removing the plug 604, simply slide the counterweight blocks 610 up until they are aligned with the through hole 608, and then push out the counterweight blocks 610 and the connecting shaft 609.

[0030] In use, firstly, pull the slide bar 209 on the rotary seat 208 to compress the first spring 213, causing the locking strip 210 to disengage from the unfolding station limiting groove 211 of the second rotating shaft 207, thus releasing the locking of the secondary guard plate 205; then, rotate the left and right secondary guard plates 205 inward around the second rotating shaft 207 to press them against the surface of the main guard plate 204, release the slide bar 209, and the first spring 213 will rebound to push the locking strip 210 into the folding station limiting groove 211, locking the secondary guard plates 205 in the folded state; finally, rotate the entire main guard plate 204 along with the secondary guard plates 205 upward to press them against the outer wall of the hydraulic telescopic unit cylinder 1, further reducing the support... To adjust the horizontal dimensions of the frame, loosen the first knob 310, remove the through rod 309, and separate the long rod 307 and the short rod 306. Press the end of the third rotating shaft 302 inward to compress the outer second spring 305. After the limiting rod 303 disengages from the limiting hole 304, rotate the short rod 306 and the long rod 307 to fold the long and short rods upward and fit against the bottom surface of the guard plate, completing the folding of all support components. Pull the pressure plate 505 upward to completely retract the steel pile 504 into the fixed sleeve 503. Rotate the second knob 506 and screw it into the second screw hole 507 of the hydraulic unit cylinder to lock the steel pile 504, preventing the steel pile 504 from falling and injuring the operator during transportation. Then, the lower end base plate 501 of the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 naturally lands on the ground. The V-shaped embedded steel claws 502 on the bottom surface of the base plate 501 are driven into the surface coal of the roadway under the weight of the whole machine, realizing the first layer of anti-slip limit. The second knob 506 is unscrewed to release the lock of the steel pile 504. The sledgehammer is used to hammer the pressure plate 505 downward, which drives the steel pile 504 to be driven vertically downward along the fixed sleeve 503 into the lower coal and rock layer, completing the secondary anchoring. When the base plate 501 cannot be driven into the steel pile 504 due to hard rock, the steel pile 504 can be temporarily retracted into the fixed sleeve 503 and locked for later use. Multiple sets of supports are placed at equal intervals according to the roadway direction, with a reserved splicing and assembly allowance. During support, pull the slide bar 209 to unlock the locking bar 210, and rotate the two side auxiliary guard plates 205 outward horizontally around the second rotating shaft 207 until they are straight. After releasing the slide bar 209, the first spring 213 rebounds, and the locking bar 210 automatically engages with the unfolding station limit groove 211. The main guard plate 204 and the two side auxiliary guard plates 205 form an integrated wide guard plate surface. Press the third rotating shaft 302 to compress the second spring 305, and rotate the short rod 306 and the long rod 307 downward respectively, so that the short rod 306... 6 is in a vertical position. The long rod 307 is rotated until the bottom through hole 308 is aligned with the bottom through hole 308 of the short rod 306. The rod 309 is inserted, and the first knob 310 is rotated to screw into the first screw hole 311 corresponding to the rod 309 to lock it. The third rotating shaft 302 is released, and the second spring 305 rebounds to push the limiting rod 303 into the limiting hole 304 of the mounting base 301, fixing the tilt angle of the rod. The long and short rods form a triangular diagonal bracing structure, which supports the auxiliary guard plate 205 from below. After a single frame is fixed, multiple frames are interlocked end-to-end using the splicing structure 4. The insert 402 of the right end of the auxiliary guard plate 205 of the front support is aligned with the sliding sleeve 401 of the left end of the auxiliary guard plate 205 of the rear support. The insert strip 403 inside the sliding sleeve 401 is pulled out and horizontally inserted into the insert 402. The end of the insert 402 presses against the trapezoidal locking block 407 inside the insert strip 403. The locking block 407 is compressed by the inclined plane pushing force to the third spring 411. After the insert strip 403 is fully inserted, the third spring 411 rebounds and drives the connecting strips 406 on both sides to slide. The locking block 407 is engaged in the second slot 409 on the insert 402, automatically locking the insert strip 403. The two supports are connected as a whole. Guide block 4 The setting of 04 and guide groove 405 avoids over-insertion of insert 403. Subsequent supports are repeatedly inserted in sequence, and the entire roadway is formed into a continuous closed roadside retaining wall at one time. When disassembling the support later, press the pressing blocks 412 on both sides of insert 403 with both hands, squeeze the third spring 411 to retract the locking block 407. After the locking block 407 is disengaged from the second locking groove 409, insert 403 can be pulled out, and adjacent supports can be quickly disassembled. After the insert 403 is completely removed, slide insert 403 so that the locking block 407 on insert 403 engages with the first locking groove 408 on sliding sleeve 401, so as to prevent insert 403 from sliding freely inside sliding sleeve 401 during the transport of the support. After all supports are spliced ​​and anchored, hydraulic fluid is injected into the hydraulic telescopic unit 1 through the high-pressure emulsion pipeline. The piston rod of the cylinder extends upward and presses against the roadway roof. The main guard plate 204 and the secondary guard plate 205 are placed against the goaf side to form a lateral isolation barrier, preventing the collapse of gangue from the goaf into the roadway, thus completing the goaf retaining wall support operation. When the working face is mined out and the roadway no longer needs retaining wall support, the supports are withdrawn in batches. The hydraulic telescopic unit 1 is depressurized and the piston rod falls back. The plug 604 is pulled out, and the traction shaft 603 is flipped downward to release the traction rope 607 wrapped inside the anti-deviation groove 606. The traction ropes 607 of multiple supports are connected to the working face withdrawal winch, and the winch pulls back in a unified manner. The anti-deviation groove 606 restricts the lateral deviation of the traction rope 607 and prevents the traction rope from slipping off. In the event of a support structure collapse and the need to replace a single damaged support structure, simply unplug the connector 604 of the support structure's traction shaft 603 to unwrap the traction rope 607 from the end of the individual traction shaft 603. After replacing the single support structure, wrap the traction rope 607 around the new traction shaft 603 and then plug the connector 604 on the new traction shaft 603 into the traction seat 601. Then, insert the connecting shaft 609 through the through hole 608. The counterweight blocks 610 on both sides will cause the connecting shaft 609 to slide down by its own weight. The counterweight blocks 610 will block the connector 604 on both sides of the traction seat 601. To remove the connector 604, simply slide the counterweight blocks 610 upwards until they are aligned with the through hole 608, and then push the counterweight blocks 610 and the connecting shaft 609 out.

[0031] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0032] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along underground goaf roads, characterized in that, Comprising: a hydraulic telescopic single prop (1), wherein the top end of the hydraulic telescopic single prop (1) is provided with a folding structure (2), and the folding structure (2) is provided with a supporting structure (3); the folding structure (2) comprises a folding member, a main guard plate (204), an auxiliary guard plate (205) and a limiting member, wherein the main guard plate (204) and the auxiliary guard plate (205) are folded by the folding member, the main guard plate (204) and the auxiliary guard plate (205) before and after folding are limited by the limiting member, and the unfolded auxiliary guard plate (205) is supported by the supporting structure (3).

2. The foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: the folding member comprises a connecting seat (201), a first rotating shaft (202), a fixed seat (203), a fixing frame (206), a second rotating shaft (207) and a rotating seat (208), the top end of the hydraulic telescopic single prop (1) is fixedly connected with the connecting seat (201), the connecting seat (201) is fixedly connected with the first rotating shaft (202), the bottom end of the main guard plate (204) is fixedly connected with the fixed seat (203), the fixed seat (203) is rotatably connected with the first rotating shaft (202), the bottom of two ends of the main guard plate (204) is respectively and fixedly connected with one fixing frame (206) with an inverted U-shaped cross section, the second rotating shaft (207) is fixedly connected onto the fixing frame (206), two ends of the main guard plate (204) are respectively provided with one auxiliary guard plate (205), the bottom end of the auxiliary guard plate (205) is fixedly connected with the rotating seat (208) with an L-shaped cross section, the rotating seat (208) is rotatably connected with the second rotating shaft (207), and the rotating seat (208) is provided with the limiting member.

3. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that: the limiting member comprises a sliding bar (209), a clamping bar (210), guide shafts (212) and a first spring (213), the sliding bar (209) with a π-shaped cross section is slidably connected onto the rotating seat (208), the clamping bar (210) is fixedly connected onto the sliding bar (209), two limiting grooves (211) are symmetrically arranged on the second rotating shaft (207), the clamping bar (210) is clamped with the limiting grooves (211), two guide shafts (212) are fixedly connected inside the rotating seat (208), the sliding bar (209) is slidably connected with the guide shafts (212), the first spring (213) is sleeved outside the guide shafts (212), and two ends of the first spring (213) are respectively and fixedly connected with the rotating seat (208) and the sliding bar (209).

4. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines, as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The support structure (3) includes a rotating component, a short rod (306), a long rod (307), and a connecting component. Two rotating components are provided at the bottom of each end of the main guard plate (204), and two rotating components are provided at the bottom of each of the secondary guard plates (205). Each rotating component includes a mounting base (301). The mounting base (301) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main guard plate (204) and the secondary guard plate (205). A third rotating shaft (302) with an "H"-shaped cross-section passes through the mounting base (301). Two limiting rods (303) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the third rotating shaft (302). The mounting base (301) is provided with a plurality of limiting holes (304) arranged in a circular array. The limiting rod (303) engages with the limiting holes (304). A second spring (305) is fixedly connected to the outside of the mounting base (301). The third rotating shaft (302) abuts against the second spring (305). A short rod (306) is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft (302) at the bottom of the main guard plate (204). A long rod (307) is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft (302) at the bottom of the secondary guard plate (205). The long rod (307) and the short rod (306) are provided with connecting parts at their bottom ends.

5. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines, as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The connector includes a through hole (308), a through rod (309), a first knob (310), and a first screw hole (311). The bottom ends of the long rod (307) and the short rod (306) are provided with through holes (308). The same through rod (309) is provided through the through hole (308). The long rod (307) and the short rod (306) are staggered. The bottom end of the long rod (307) is rotatably connected to the first knob (310). The through rod (309) is provided with two first screw holes (311). The first knob (310) is threadedly connected to the first screw hole (311).

6. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sub-protective plate (205) is provided with a splicing structure (4), which includes a plug and a fixing component. The plug includes a sliding sleeve (401), a plug sleeve (402), a plug strip (403), a guide block (404), and a guide groove (405). Two sliding sleeves (401) are fixedly connected to one sub-protective plate (205) on one side of the main protective plate (204), and two plug sleeves (402) are fixedly connected to the other sub-protective plate (205) on the other side. A plug strip (403) is slidably connected inside the sliding sleeve (401). The plug strip (403) is plugged into the plug sleeve (402) on the adjacent telescopic single bracket. A guide groove (405) is provided on each side of the sliding sleeve (401). A guide block (404) is fixedly connected to the plug strip (403). The guide block (404) is slidably connected to the guide groove (405).

7. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The insert (403) has two symmetrical sliding connections of two connecting strips (406). The connecting strips (406) are fixedly connected to a locking block (407) with a trapezoidal end cross section. The sliding sleeve (401) is provided with two first locking grooves (408), and the insert sleeve (402) is provided with two second locking grooves (409). The locking block (407) engages with the first locking groove (408) and the locking block (407) engages with the second locking groove (409). The insert (403) has a guide rod (410) fixedly connected inside. The guide rod (410) is sleeved with a third spring (411). The connecting strip (406) is slidably connected to the guide rod (410). The two ends of the third spring (411) are fixedly connected to the two connecting strips (406) respectively. The connecting strip (406) is fixedly connected to a pressing block (412), and the pressing block (412) is slidably connected to the insert (403).

8. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end of the hydraulic telescopic unit (1) is provided with a gripping structure (5). The gripping structure (5) includes a gripping component and a storage component. The gripping component includes a base plate (501), an embedded steel claw (502), a fixing sleeve (503), a steel pile (504), and a reinforcing rib plate (508). The bottom end of the hydraulic telescopic unit (1) is fixedly connected to the base plate (501). Multiple reinforcing rib plates (508) are fixedly connected in a circumferential array between the hydraulic telescopic unit (1) and the base plate (501). The bottom end of the base plate (501) is provided with multiple embedded steel claws (502) with a V-shaped cross section. Two fixing sleeves (503) are fixedly connected to the base plate (501). The inside of the fixing sleeve (503) is slidably connected to a steel pile (504) with a V-shaped cross section at the bottom end.

9. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines, as described in claim 8, characterized in that: A pressure plate (505) is fixedly connected to the top of the steel pile (504). A second knob (506) is rotatably connected to the pressure plate (505). Two second screw holes (507) are provided on the hydraulic telescopic unit (1). After the steel pile (504) rises and retracts into the fixed sleeve (503), the second knob (506) is threadedly connected to the second screw hole (507).

10. A foldable and telescopic single-unit support for retaining walls along the goaf in underground mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic telescopic unit (1) is provided with a traction structure (6), the traction structure (6) includes a traction seat (601), the hydraulic telescopic unit (1) is fixedly connected to the traction seat (601) with an inverted U-shaped cross section, the traction seat (601) is rotatably connected to a fourth rotating shaft (602), the fourth rotating shaft (602) is rotatably connected to a traction shaft (603), the end of the traction shaft (603) is fixedly connected to a plug (604), the traction seat (601) is fixedly connected to a slot (605), the plug (604) is inserted into the slot (605), the traction shaft (603) is... 3) An anti-deviation groove (606) is provided on the upper part. The traction shaft (603) is wound with a traction rope (607). Multiple hydraulic telescopic units (1) are pulled by multiple traction ropes (607). The anti-deviation groove (606) limits the axial movement of the traction rope (607). The traction seat (601) and the plug (604) are both provided with waist-shaped through holes (608). A connecting shaft (609) is slidably connected inside the through hole (608). A waist-shaped counterweight block (610) is fixedly connected to each end of the connecting shaft (609). The counterweight block (610) is slidably connected to the traction seat (601).

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