Maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional plane linkage optimization

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of maintainability design and space layout optimization, and provides a maintenance operation space layout method based on layered two-dimensional plane linkage optimization, which divides a three-dimensional model of a maintenance operation space into multiple horizontal layers along a specified direction, extracts an effective layout area of each horizontal layer, extracts a cross-sectional contour of equipment on the corresponding horizontal layer, and extracts a human maintenance envelope area contour of each horizontal layer; establishes a linkage constraint relationship between layout elements of each horizontal layer; iteratively optimizes two-dimensional layout in the effective layout area of each horizontal layer with the minimum total cost as the target; stacks and restores the two-dimensional layout results of each layer after optimization along the specified direction, and outputs an optimal three-dimensional layout scheme of the maintenance operation space. The present application solves the joint layout optimization problem of irregular three-dimensional equipment and maintenance operation space, makes the layout result closer to the actual equipment space occupation condition, and improves the space utilization rate and the feasibility of the layout scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of maintainability design and spatial layout optimization technology, and in particular, a maintenance operation spatial layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization. Background Technology

[0002] Maintenance workspace layout refers to the rational arrangement of various equipment, tools, and operating areas within a limited workspace, enabling maintenance personnel to complete maintenance tasks efficiently and safely. With the increasing complexity of modern equipment systems, many devices exhibit irregular three-dimensional geometric shapes. The maintenance workspace layout problem has evolved from the traditional "two-dimensional planar layout" to a three-dimensional joint layout optimization problem involving "irregular three-dimensional equipment + maintenance operating space."

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for addressing the issue of maintenance work space layout have the following main shortcomings: (1) Traditional layout methods usually simplify equipment into regular geometric shapes (such as cuboids, cylinders, etc.), ignoring the irregular cross-sectional contours of actual equipment, resulting in a large deviation between the layout scheme and the actual space utilization.

[0004] (2) Existing three-dimensional spatial layout optimization methods often perform global optimization directly in high-dimensional space, which has high computational complexity and slow convergence speed. Some studies have attempted to simplify the three-dimensional spatial layout into multiple two-dimensional planar layouts to reduce complexity. However, the layouts of each layer are independent of each other and lack cross-layer linkage constraint mechanisms. This makes it impossible to guarantee the coordination and consistency of each layer layout in the vertical direction. As a result, the overall three-dimensional scheme after the independent optimization of each layer layout often has problems such as equipment misalignment and interference in the vertical direction.

[0005] (3) Existing layout optimization methods mostly focus on the spatial arrangement of the equipment itself, and lack sufficient modeling of the maintenance operation space (i.e. the activity area required for maintenance personnel to perform operations). Although some methods consider human accessibility assessment, this judgment method is only used for accessibility assessment rather than as a driving factor for layout optimization, and lacks a mechanism to include the human operation envelope as a layout element in the optimization process.

[0006] (4) In the problem of maintenance work space layout, the cross-sectional shape of irregular three-dimensional equipment often varies significantly in the vertical direction. Traditional methods are difficult to take into account the actual occupancy profile of the equipment in each horizontal layer and the relationship between each layer at the same time, resulting in low space utilization and poor maintenance accessibility of the layout result.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method that can effectively address the three-dimensional joint layout optimization problem of "irregular three-dimensional equipment + maintenance operation space". This method should be able to accurately characterize the actual cross-sectional profile of irregular equipment in each horizontal layer, and ensure the overall coordination of the layout scheme through a cross-layer linkage mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization. This method discretizes the three-dimensional maintenance operation space into multiple horizontal layers along the height direction, performs two-dimensional layout optimization within each layer, and achieves linkage optimization of layout schemes for each layer by establishing cross-layer mapping constraints for equipment and cross-layer continuity constraints for maintenance space, thereby solving the problem of joint layout optimization of irregular three-dimensional equipment and maintenance operation space.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: On the one hand, the present invention provides a maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization, including the following steps: Acquire the 3D model of the maintenance work space to be laid out, the 3D digital model of all equipment to be placed, and the human maintenance operation envelope data, and divide the 3D model of the maintenance work space into multiple horizontal layers along the specified direction. For each horizontal layer, extract the effective layout area corresponding to the maintenance work space after deducting obstacles, extract the cross-sectional contour of the equipment on the corresponding horizontal layer, and extract the human maintenance envelope area contour of each horizontal layer as the layout element of the corresponding horizontal layer. Establish linkage constraint relationships between layout elements at each horizontal level. The linkage constraint relationships include at least cross-level mapping constraints for equipment and cross-level continuity constraints for maintenance spaces. At least space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-layer coordination, and maintenance continuity are considered to construct a total cost function. With the goal of minimizing the total cost, two-dimensional layout iterative optimization is carried out within the effective layout area of ​​each level. During the iterative optimization process, the two-dimensional layout results of each level influence each other through linkage constraint relationships to obtain the optimized two-dimensional layout results of each level. The optimized two-dimensional layout results of each layer are stacked and restored along the specified direction to output the optimal three-dimensional layout scheme of the maintenance work space.

[0010] On the other hand, a maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization is provided, including: The data input and preprocessing module is used to acquire the three-dimensional model of the maintenance work space to be laid out, the three-dimensional digital model of all the equipment to be arranged, and the human maintenance operation envelope data, and divide the three-dimensional model of the maintenance work space into multiple horizontal layers along the specified direction. The layout element extraction module is used to extract the effective layout area corresponding to the maintenance work space after deducting obstacles for each horizontal layer, extract the cross-sectional outline of the equipment on the corresponding horizontal layer, and extract the outline of the human maintenance envelope area of ​​each horizontal layer as the layout element of the corresponding horizontal layer. The linkage constraint relationship construction module is used to establish linkage constraint relationships between layout elements at each horizontal level. The linkage constraint relationships include at least cross-level mapping constraint relationships for equipment and cross-level continuity constraint relationships for maintenance space. The optimization solution module is used to construct the total cost function by considering at least space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-layer coordination, and maintenance continuity. With the goal of minimizing the total cost, it performs two-dimensional layout iterative optimization within the effective layout area of ​​each level. During the iterative optimization process, the two-dimensional layout results of each level influence each other through linkage constraint relationships to obtain the optimized two-dimensional layout results of each level. The output module is used to stack and restore the optimized two-dimensional layout results of each layer along the specified direction, and output the optimal three-dimensional layout scheme of the maintenance work space.

[0011] On the other hand, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-mentioned maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization.

[0012] On the other hand, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the above-described maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a computer program product stored on a computer-readable storage medium and including computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a computer device to implement the steps of the above-described maintenance work space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a method for the layout of maintenance work space based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization. The method divides the three-dimensional model of the maintenance work space into multiple horizontal layers along a specified direction, extracts the effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer, extracts the cross-sectional contours of equipment on the corresponding horizontal layer, and extracts the contours of the human maintenance envelope area for each horizontal layer. It establishes linkage constraints between layout elements in each horizontal layer; with the goal of minimizing the total cost, iterative optimization of the two-dimensional layout is performed within the effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer; the optimized two-dimensional layout results of each layer are stacked and restored along a specified direction to output the optimal three-dimensional layout scheme for the maintenance work space. This invention solves the problem of joint layout optimization of irregular three-dimensional equipment and maintenance operation space, making the layout result closer to the actual equipment space occupancy, improving space utilization and the feasibility of the layout scheme.

[0015] Specifically, the present invention utilizes the maintenance work space along The layered approach transforms the high-dimensional problem of "irregular three-dimensional equipment + maintenance operation space" into a collaborative solution of multiple two-dimensional layout problems, significantly reducing the complexity of the solution. At the same time, the cross-layer linkage constraint mechanism ensures the overall coordination of the layout of each layer, solving the spatial misalignment and interference problems caused by the independent layered layout in existing methods.

[0016] This invention extracts the effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer, extracts the cross-sectional contour of the equipment on the corresponding horizontal layer, and extracts the human body maintenance envelope contour of each horizontal layer as the layout element of the corresponding horizontal layer. This overcomes the accuracy loss caused by simplifying irregular equipment into regular geometry in traditional methods, making the layout result closer to the actual space occupation of the equipment, improving space utilization and the feasibility of the layout scheme.

[0017] This invention is the first to incorporate the human body maintenance operation envelope area as a layout element into the layout optimization process, establishing a linkage optimization relationship between the maintenance operation space and the equipment space. The position of the human body maintenance envelope area outline in each layer is dynamically adjusted according to the equipment layout, and the vertical connectivity of the operation space is ensured by the cross-layer continuity constraint of the maintenance space, thus achieving synergistic optimization of equipment layout and maintenance operation convenience.

[0018] This invention designs a multi-objective total cost function that includes space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-layer coordination, maintenance continuity, and layout balance. This function can comprehensively measure the overall performance of a three-dimensional layout scheme and avoid the bias caused by optimizing a single index. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 In one embodiment, a maintenance work space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization is provided, including the following steps: Acquire the 3D model of the maintenance work space to be laid out, the 3D digital model of all equipment to be placed, and the human maintenance operation envelope data, and divide the 3D model of the maintenance work space into multiple horizontal layers along the specified direction. For each horizontal layer, extract the effective layout area corresponding to the maintenance work space after deducting obstacles, extract the cross-sectional contour of the equipment on the corresponding horizontal layer, and extract the human maintenance envelope area contour of each horizontal layer as the layout element of the corresponding horizontal layer. Establish linkage constraint relationships between layout elements at each horizontal level. The linkage constraint relationships include at least cross-level mapping constraints for equipment and cross-level continuity constraints for maintenance spaces. At least space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-layer coordination, and maintenance continuity are considered to construct a total cost function. With the goal of minimizing the total cost, two-dimensional layout iterative optimization is carried out within the effective layout area of ​​each level. During the iterative optimization process, the two-dimensional layout results of each level influence each other through linkage constraint relationships to obtain the optimized two-dimensional layout results of each level. The optimized two-dimensional layout results of each layer are stacked and restored along the specified direction to output the optimal three-dimensional layout scheme of the maintenance work space.

[0023] The three-dimensional layout of the maintenance work space in the above embodiments refers to the reasonable arrangement of various equipment, tools and operating areas within a limited three-dimensional work space, so that maintenance personnel can complete maintenance tasks efficiently and safely.

[0024] In the above embodiments, the human body maintenance operation envelope data includes at least the human body standing operation reachability domain envelope, human body squatting operation reachability domain envelope, human body bending operation reachability domain envelope, and operation space envelope of various maintenance tools, all based on standard human body dimensions (such as GB / T10000-2023).

[0025] The three-dimensional model of the maintenance work space along The axial direction (vertical height direction) is divided into equal or variable spacing. A horizontal layer, the number of layers of the horizontal layer and the height of each floor The height distribution characteristics of the equipment within the maintenance work space and the requirements of maintenance operations are determined. For areas with drastic changes in equipment cross-section, a denser layering strategy is used to improve representation accuracy. For areas with gradual changes in equipment cross-section, a sparser layering strategy is used to reduce computational load. Specifically, the equipment within the maintenance work space... The shaft height range is Divided into Sub-intervals ,in , Height of each horizontal layer .

[0026] For the The first horizontal layer is defined. Two-dimensional plane corresponding to each horizontal layer for The horizontal cross-sectional plane.

[0027] In one embodiment, for each horizontal layer, the corresponding effective layout area is extracted, the cross-sectional contour of the device on the corresponding horizontal layer is extracted, and the human body maintenance envelope contour of each horizontal layer is extracted as the layout element of the corresponding horizontal layer, including the following steps: The 3D model of the maintenance work space is divided along the z-axis into equal or variable spacing sections. The first horizontal layer, extract the first Effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer , The effective layout area The three-dimensional model of the maintenance work space in the first The horizontal cross section of each horizontal layer and The region obtained by the intersection of the planes, minus the first The layoutable area, whether connected or disconnected, is obtained after considering obstacle areas (such as structural columns, piping systems, etc.) within a horizontal layer.

[0028] For the first to be arranged One device Extract the first Cross-sectional profile of each device at each horizontal level . Specifically, no. The 3D model and horizontal plane of each device The intersections yield a polygonal cross-sectional profile. If the first... The device in the The first horizontal layer has no physical occupancy (i.e., the first...) individual devices The axis interval and the first If there are no intersections among the horizontal layers, then define... It is an empty set. This represents the total number of devices to be deployed.

[0029] The human body maintenance operation envelope data is mapped to each horizontal layer to obtain the human body maintenance envelope region contour of each horizontal layer. Specifically, the envelope of various human manipulation domains and the horizontal plane are considered. Intersecting contours, the cross-sectional profiles of each envelope on the horizontal layer are extracted, serving as the maintenance operation space requirement area for that layer. The envelope profiles corresponding to different operating postures can be weighted and merged according to maintenance task requirements to obtain a comprehensive human body maintenance envelope area profile.

[0030] Collection of layout elements for each horizontal layer ,in For the first The device in the The cross-sectional profile of a horizontal layer For the first The outline of the human body repair envelope area in a horizontal layer.

[0031] In one embodiment, the proposed cross-layer mapping constraint relationship for devices is defined as follows: the projection position and rotation angle of the cross-sectional profile of the same device in the horizontal direction remain consistent across all horizontal layers. The vertical projection area of ​​each device is associated between layers and cannot be moved independently between layers. The cross-layer mapping constraint relationship of the device is expressed as: , ,

[0032] in For the first The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer The coordinates of the center point, The rotation angle; If the first individual devices The axis range is only Part of the horizontal layers ,in For the first The horizontal layer index of the bottom of each device For the first If the top level index of a device is located in the horizontal layer, then the constraint only applies to... The horizontal layer within the range is effective; the equipment is in In the layers outside the axis interval, Empty.

[0033] In one embodiment, the proposed cross-layer continuity constraint relationship for maintenance space is as follows: The maintenance operating space should maintain vertical continuity, and the outline of the human body maintenance envelope area should be defined at each horizontal level. A connected operating channel should be formed in the vertical projection direction; assuming In plane If the occupied area is a polygonal region, then the adjacent _th The first horizontal layer and the first The overlap of the maintenance envelope areas of each horizontal layer must meet the following requirements:

[0034] in The preset continuity threshold is between 0.5 and 0.8. This constraint ensures that maintenance personnel can operate continuously between different height levels without being affected by sudden spatial changes.

[0035] In one embodiment, the linkage constraint relationship includes not only the above-mentioned cross-layer mapping constraint relationship of equipment and cross-layer continuity constraint relationship of maintenance space, but also inter-layer interference constraint relationship and boundary constraint between layout elements and layout areas.

[0036] Interlayer interference constraint relationship: For any two different devices, the first... The device and the first One device , No. The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer With the The device in the The cross-sectional profile of the horizontal layer in the first Two-dimensional plane corresponding to each horizontal layer The upper parts must not overlap; for the first... The overlapping areas of the cross-sectional profiles of the equipment on different horizontal layers in the vertical projection direction are considered as the continuous occupied areas of the equipment itself, requiring no interference constraints; The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer Outline of the human body repair envelope area A preset minimum safe distance should be maintained between them. This is to ensure the safety of the maintenance and operation space.

[0037] Boundary constraints between layout elements and layout areas: All layout elements (equipment cross-section outline and human maintenance envelope area outline) of the first horizontal layer must be completely located within the first horizontal layer. Effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer Inside.

[0038] The aforementioned linkage constraints together constitute the coupling mechanism between the layout schemes of each layer. Layout adjustments in any layer will be transmitted to other layers through these constraints, thereby achieving global linkage optimization.

[0039] In one embodiment, considering space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-layer coordination, and maintenance continuity, a total cost function is constructed. The total cost function comprehensively evaluates the merits of the three-dimensional layout scheme, as follows:

[0040] in , , , , These are the costs associated with space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-level coordination, maintenance continuity, and layout balance. , , , , These are the weighting coefficients for space utilization cost, maintenance accessibility cost, cross-layer coordination cost, maintenance continuity cost, and layout balance cost, respectively, and the sum of each weighting coefficient is 1.

[0041] Space utilization cost This reflects the space utilization efficiency of the effective layout area at each horizontal level. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0042] in For the first Effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer Total area, For the first The remaining area in each horizontal layer that is not occupied by any equipment cross-sectional outline or human body maintenance envelope area. For the first The space utilization weighting coefficient of the first horizontal layer, according to the first Each level assigns importance to maintenance tasks.

[0043] Maintenance accessibility cost This reflects the cost incurred by maintenance personnel to reach the operating positions of various equipment. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0044] For the For a given device, the repair accessibility cost is defined as the distance from the outline of the human body's repair envelope region. center To the Cross-sectional profile of each device at each horizontal level The weighted distance, Let be the minimum distance function from a point to a polygon. For the first The device in the The accessibility weight coefficient for each horizontal layer can be adjusted based on the frequency of maintenance operations on the equipment at that layer. Furthermore, if the... The device in the If there is no accessibility requirement at a horizontal level (i.e., the components of the equipment at that level do not require maintenance), then Take 0.

[0045] Cross-layer coordination cost reflects the degree of coordination between layout schemes on different layers in the vertical direction. For each device, its cross-sectional profile on different horizontal layers should maintain projection consistency. The cross-layer coordination cost is defined as the sum of the variances of the cross-sectional profile positions on each layer:

[0046] in It is the variance function. For the first The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer The coordinates of the center point, For rotation angle. Cross-layer coordination costs ensure that the positions of devices remain consistent across layers, preventing devices from "drifting" between layers.

[0047] Maintenance continuity cost The degree of continuity of the maintenance operation space in the vertical direction is defined as:

[0048] The smaller the value of the maintenance continuity cost, the higher the overlap of the maintenance envelope area between adjacent layers, and the better the vertical continuity of the maintenance operation space.

[0049] Layout balance cost It reflects the degree of load balance in the layout of each horizontal layer, avoiding the situation where one layer is overcrowded while another layer is overly idle, and is defined as the variance of the space utilization rate of each horizontal layer.

[0050] This invention aims to minimize the total cost and employs an optimization algorithm to perform iterative optimization of the two-dimensional layout within the effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer. During the iterative optimization process, the two-dimensional layout results of each horizontal layer influence each other through linkage constraints, including: cross-layer mapping constraints for equipment to ensure that the projection position of the same equipment on the cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer remains consistent; cross-layer continuity constraints for maintenance space to ensure the vertical connectivity of the maintenance envelope area of ​​each layer; and cross-layer coordination cost and maintenance continuity cost terms in the total cost function to incorporate the coordination degree of the layout of each layer into the global optimization consideration.

[0051] The type of optimization algorithm used in this invention is not limited, and those skilled in the art can make reasonable selections from existing optimization algorithms in the field based on experience or common knowledge.

[0052] In one embodiment, the optimization algorithm used is a genetic-simulated annealing hybrid optimization algorithm. An improved genetic-simulated annealing hybrid optimization algorithm is employed to perform two-dimensional layout optimization within the effective layout region of each layer, iteratively solving the problem with the goal of minimizing the total cost. The algorithm includes: a real-number encoding scheme, roulette wheel selection, uniform crossover operation, adaptive mutation operation, and a simulated annealing local search process embedded after each generation of genetic operations; the crossover probability is between 0.7 and 0.9, the mutation probability is between 0.01 and 0.1, the initial simulated annealing temperature is set to the standard deviation of the fitness value, and the cooling coefficient is between 0.95 and 0.99.

[0053] Specifically, in one embodiment, with the goal of minimizing the total cost, an optimization algorithm is used to perform two-dimensional layout optimization within the effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer. The optimization is iteratively solved with the goal of minimizing the total cost to obtain the optimized two-dimensional layout results for each horizontal layer, including: (1) Encoding and Initialization: A complete layout solution is represented using a real number encoding scheme. A layout solution contains the layout parameters of all devices on each horizontal layer: position coordinates. Rotation angle (in The value range is [0°, 360°). Since the cross-layer mapping constraint requires that the layout parameters of the same device remain consistent across layers, the actual optimization variable dimension can be reduced to the global layout parameters of each device. No separate coding is required for each layer. Within the effective layout area... An initial population is randomly generated within the population, and the population size is... Based on the number of devices and number of horizontal layers It is confirmed, and the value is usually between 50 and 200.

[0054] (2) Fitness evaluation: The objective function Mapping to fitness function ,in It is a very small positive number used to avoid division by zero. A higher fitness value indicates a better layout scheme.

[0055] (3) Genetic operations: The roulette wheel selection method is used to select parent individuals from the current population; the selected parent individuals are subjected to crossover operation, and the crossover probability is... The value is between 0.7 and 0.9, and offspring individuals are generated using a uniform crossover method; the offspring individuals are then subjected to a mutation operation, with the mutation probability... The value ranges from 0.01 to 0.1, and a random perturbation is applied to the layout parameters during mutation. The mutation operation requires synchronous adjustment of the layout parameters of the same device on all horizontal layers to maintain cross-layer consistency.

[0056] (4) Simulated Annealing Local Search: After each generation of genetic operations, simulated annealing local search is performed on the best individual in the current population to improve local optimization ability. The initial temperature for simulated annealing... The cooling coefficient is set as the standard deviation of the fitness value. The value ranges from 0.95 to 0.99, representing the Markov chain length at each temperature. The value ranges from 10 to 50. The probability of accepting a poor solution during annealing follows the Metropolis criterion: ,in This represents the fitness difference.

[0057] (5) Constraint Handling: Candidate solutions generated during genetic operations and simulated annealing search must satisfy all established linkage constraints. For candidate solutions that violate constraints, the fitness value is multiplied by a penalty factor using a penalty function method to guide the search process towards the feasible region. Specifically, for individuals that violate constraints, the fitness value is adjusted to... ,in This is the penalty coefficient determined based on the degree of constraint violation.

[0058] (6) Termination condition judgment: The iteration shall terminate when any of the following conditions are met: (a) The preset maximum number of iterations is reached. (typically taken as 200 to 1000); (b) the optimal fitness value is in continuous (c) No significant improvement within 20 to 50 iterations; Less than the preset convergence threshold (Usually taken as 0.01 to 0.05). If the termination condition is not met, return to step (3) to continue the iteration.

[0059] The above embodiments employ an improved genetic-simulated annealing hybrid optimization algorithm, combining the global search capability of the genetic algorithm with the local optimization capability of the simulated annealing algorithm, effectively solving the premature convergence and local optimum dilemmas in the two-dimensional layout optimization problem in irregular regions. Simultaneously, embedding cross-layer consistency constraints of devices into the encoding and mutation operations significantly improves optimization efficiency and solution quality.

[0060] During the optimization process, the layout results of each layer influence each other through established linkage constraints, forming a multi-plane collaborative optimization pattern and avoiding the local optimum dilemma caused by independent optimization of each layer. Specifically, when the equipment layout on a certain horizontal layer is adjusted, due to the existence of cross-layer mapping constraints, the cross-sectional profile position of the same equipment on other horizontal layers will automatically follow the adjustment; the cross-layer continuity constraint of the maintenance space further ensures the vertical connectivity of the maintenance envelope area of ​​each layer; the cross-layer coordination cost and maintenance continuity cost terms in the total cost function incorporate the degree of coordination of the layout of each layer into the global optimization consideration.

[0061] The optimized global layout parameters of each device Applicable to all horizontal levels, combined with the cross-sectional profile of the equipment at each horizontal level. This yields the two-dimensional layout of each device on each layer.

[0062] The two-dimensional layout results of each horizontal layer are along Axial direction according to floor height Stack the elements to reconstruct a complete 3D layout scene.

[0063] Furthermore, the reconstructed 3D layout scheme can be verified to check for problems such as interlayer interference or discontinuity in maintenance space. If the verification is successful, the scheme is output as the optimal 3D layout scheme; otherwise, the optimization algorithm parameters are adjusted and the solution is obtained again.

[0064] The following example, using the maintenance work space layout of a ship's engine room, illustrates the effectiveness of the maintenance work space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization proposed in this invention.

[0065] First, obtain the 3D spatial model of the ship's engine room and the 3D models of all equipment to be installed, as well as the human maintenance operation envelope data established based on the GB / T 10000-2023 standard. Then, extend the 3D spatial model of the ship's engine room along... The axial direction is divided into 6 horizontal layers at 0.5-meter intervals, covering the entire height range of the cabin from the floor to the roof.

[0066] Extract the effective layout area for each horizontal layer. After deducting the area occupied by structural columns and piping systems, extract the irregular cross-sectional profiles of each piece of equipment to be installed on each horizontal level. For various human manipulation envelopes, extract their cross-sectional profiles at each horizontal layer. The layout element set includes the cross-sectional outlines of multiple pieces of equipment such as diesel generator sets, oil separators, air compressors, and pump sets on each floor, as well as the human standing operation envelope outline.

[0067] Establish linkage constraints, including establishing cross-layer mapping constraints for equipment, ensuring that the cross-sectional profile position of each piece of equipment remains consistent across all horizontal layers. Establish cross-layer continuity constraints for maintenance space and set continuity thresholds. Ensure that the overlap of the maintenance envelope area between adjacent floors is not less than 65%.

[0068] An improved genetic-simulated annealing hybrid optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem. Population size. Maximum number of iterations Crossover probability Probability of mutation Simulated annealing initial temperature Cooling coefficient The weight coefficients in the total cost function are set as follows: , , , , The accessibility weight coefficient is set according to the maintenance frequency of each device, with higher accessibility weights assigned to devices that require frequent maintenance.

[0069] The optimization iteration converged in the 327th generation, yielding the optimal layout scheme. Comparing this scheme with a layout scheme based on human experience, the space utilization rate increased by 12.6%, the average maintenance reach distance was shortened by 23.4%, and the layout scheme passed collision detection and ergonomic verification, demonstrating the effectiveness and superiority of the maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization proposed in this invention.

[0070] On the other hand, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization provided in any of the above embodiments. The computer device may be a server. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, and a database connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device stores sample data. The network interface of the computer device is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection.

[0071] On the other hand, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0072] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0073] Matters not covered in this invention are common knowledge.

[0074] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0075] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A maintenance work space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire the 3D model of the maintenance work space to be laid out, the 3D digital model of all equipment to be placed, and the human maintenance operation envelope data, and divide the 3D model of the maintenance work space into multiple horizontal layers along the specified direction. For each horizontal layer, the effective layout area corresponding to the maintenance work space after deducting obstacles is extracted, the cross-sectional contour of the equipment on the corresponding horizontal layer is extracted, and the contour of the human maintenance envelope area of ​​each horizontal layer is extracted as the layout element of the corresponding horizontal layer, including: The 3D model of the maintenance work space is divided along the z-axis into equal or variable spacing sections. The first horizontal layer, extract the first Effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer , ; For the first to be arranged One device, Extract the first Cross-sectional profile of each device at each horizontal level If the first The device in the If no entity occupies a horizontal layer, then define It is an empty set. The total number of devices to be deployed; The human body maintenance operation envelope data is mapped to each horizontal layer to obtain the human body maintenance envelope region contour of each horizontal layer. ; Collection of layout elements for each horizontal layer ,in For the first The device in the The cross-sectional profile of a horizontal layer For the first The outline of the human body repair envelope area in a horizontal layer; Establish linkage constraints between layout elements at each horizontal level. These linkage constraints include at least cross-level mapping constraints for equipment and cross-level continuity constraints for maintenance space. A cross-level mapping constraint for equipment is defined as follows: if the projection position and rotation angle of the cross-sectional profile of the same equipment on each horizontal level remain consistent, then the cross-level mapping constraint is expressed as: ， ， in For the first The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer The coordinates of the center point, The rotation angle; If the first individual devices The axis range is only Part of the horizontal layers ,in For the first The horizontal layer index of the bottom of each device For the first If the top level index of a device is located in the horizontal layer, then the constraint only applies to... The horizontal layer within the range is effective; Establish the following cross-level continuity constraints for the maintenance space: The maintenance operating space should maintain vertical continuity, and the outline of the human body maintenance envelope area should be defined at each horizontal level. A connected operating channel should be formed in the vertical projection direction; assuming In plane If the occupied area is a polygonal region, then the adjacent _th The first horizontal layer and the first The overlap of the maintenance envelope areas of each horizontal layer must meet the following requirements: in The preset continuity threshold is between 0.5 and 0.

8. At least space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-layer coordination, and maintenance continuity are considered to construct a total cost function. With the goal of minimizing the total cost, two-dimensional layout iterative optimization is carried out within the effective layout area of ​​each level. During the iterative optimization process, the two-dimensional layout results of each level influence each other through linkage constraint relationships to obtain the optimized two-dimensional layout results of each level. The optimized two-dimensional layout results of each layer are stacked and restored along the specified direction to output the optimal three-dimensional layout scheme of the maintenance work space.

2. The maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The human body maintenance operation envelope data includes at least the human standing operation reach domain envelope, the human squatting operation reach domain envelope, the human bending operation reach domain envelope, and the operation space envelope of various maintenance tools, all based on standard human body dimensions.

3. The maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage constraint relationship also includes inter-layer interference constraint relationship and boundary constraint between layout elements and layout area; Interlayer interference constraint relationship: For any two different devices, the first... The device and the first One device, , No. The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer With the The device in the The cross-sectional profile of the horizontal layer in the first Two-dimensional plane corresponding to each horizontal layer The upper parts must not overlap; for the first... The overlapping areas of the cross-sectional profiles of the equipment on different horizontal layers in the vertical projection direction are considered as the continuous occupied areas of the equipment itself, requiring no interference constraints; The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer Outline of the human body repair envelope area A preset minimum safe distance should be maintained between them. ; Boundary constraints between layout elements and layout areas: All layout elements in the first horizontal layer must be completely within the first horizontal layer. Effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer Inside.

4. The maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The total cost function is constructed as follows: in , , , , These are the costs associated with space utilization, maintenance accessibility, cross-level coordination, maintenance continuity, and layout balance. , , , , These are the weighting coefficients for space utilization cost, maintenance accessibility cost, cross-layer coordination cost, maintenance continuity cost, and layout balance cost, respectively, and the sum of each weighting coefficient is 1.

5. The maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization according to claim 4, characterized in that, Space utilization cost The calculation formula is: in For the first Effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer Total area, For the first The remaining area in each horizontal layer that is not occupied by any equipment cross-sectional outline or human body maintenance envelope area. For the first The space utilization weighting coefficient of the first horizontal layer, according to the first Each level allocates the importance of maintenance tasks; Maintenance accessibility cost The calculation formula is: For the For a given device, the repair accessibility cost is defined as the distance from the outline of the human body's repair envelope region. center To the Cross-sectional profile of each device at each horizontal level The weighted distance, Let be the minimum distance function from a point to a polygon. For the first The device in the The reachability weight coefficient of the first horizontal layer, if the first horizontal layer The device in the If there is no reachability requirement at any horizontal level, then Set to 0; The cross-layer compatibility cost is defined as the sum of the variances of the cross-sectional profile positions of each layer: in It is the variance function. For the first The device in the Cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer The coordinates of the center point, The rotation angle; Maintenance continuity cost The degree of continuity of the maintenance operation space in the vertical direction is defined as: Layout balance cost It reflects the degree of load balance in the layout of each horizontal layer and is defined as the variance of the space utilization rate of each horizontal layer.

6. The maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization according to claim 4, characterized in that, With the goal of minimizing the total cost, an optimization algorithm is used to perform iterative optimization of the two-dimensional layout within the effective layout area of ​​each horizontal layer. During the iterative optimization process, the two-dimensional layout results of each horizontal layer affect each other through linkage constraints, including: cross-layer mapping constraints of equipment to ensure that the projection position of the same equipment on the cross-sectional profile of each horizontal layer remains consistent; cross-layer continuity constraints of maintenance space to ensure the vertical connectivity of the maintenance envelope area of ​​each layer; and cross-layer coordination cost and maintenance continuity cost terms in the total cost function to incorporate the coordination degree of the layout of each layer into the global optimization consideration.

7. The maintenance operation space layout method based on hierarchical two-dimensional planar linkage optimization according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optimization algorithm is a hybrid genetic-simulated annealing optimization algorithm, which includes: real number encoding scheme, roulette wheel selection, uniform crossover operation, adaptive mutation operation, and simulated annealing local search process embedded after each generation of genetic operation; the crossover probability is between 0.7 and 0.9, the mutation probability is between 0.01 and 0.1, the initial temperature of simulated annealing is set to the standard deviation of fitness value, and the cooling coefficient is between 0.95 and 0.99.

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