Reservoir frontage reservoir protection slope structure

Abstract

The application discloses a reservoir front reservoir slope protection structure, which comprises a deep water flood area and a shoal planting area. The deep water flood area is located in the middle of the front reservoir and is consistent with the position of the main stream of the upstream river flood. The shoal planting area is located on both banks of the front reservoir. A water retaining ridge is arranged at the boundary between the deep water flood area and the shoal planting area on both banks. The top elevation of the water retaining ridge is consistent with the flood level elevation. An energy dissipation structure is further arranged in the deep water flood area and is connected with the water retaining ridges on both sides. A plurality of first drainage holes are arranged at intervals at a certain elevation of the shoal planting area higher than the water retaining ridge. Second drainage holes are correspondingly arranged in the middle of the energy dissipation structure. The first drainage holes and the second drainage holes are communicated through pipelines which are buried in the energy dissipation structure. Through the above structure, the functions of receiving the upstream flood, reducing the flow rate, dissipating energy and preventing scouring, storing water, purifying water quality and ecological landscape can be considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically to a reservoir front-end slope protection structure. Background Technology

[0002] The pre-reservoir is located upstream of the main reservoir area, adjacent to it. Water from the upstream river first enters the pre-reservoir. Traditional pre-reservoir slope protection structures focus either on water purification and ecological planting or on flood erosion prevention, resulting in a single function. When the pre-reservoir's function is water purification and ecological planting, the slope protection structure often uses geotextiles covered with cultivated soil. This is susceptible to erosion during large upstream floods, typically requiring repair after flooding, leading to complex management and maintenance. When the pre-reservoir's function is to resist upstream floods, reduce flow velocity, and dissipate energy for erosion prevention, the slope protection often uses hard structures such as concrete and masonry. While these can withstand larger floods, they cannot meet the functional requirements of water purification and ecological landscaping.

[0003] Furthermore, if the foundation of the pre-reservoir is a soil layer with a high permeability coefficient, such as gravel, water will seep out during the dry season, failing to meet the needs of the ecological landscape. Existing solutions lack a pre-reservoir slope protection structure that can simultaneously accommodate multiple functions, including receiving upstream floodwaters, reducing flow velocity, dissipating energy and preventing erosion, storing water, purifying water quality, and enhancing the ecological landscape. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a reservoir front-end slope protection structure that can simultaneously take into account the functions of receiving upstream floods, reducing flow velocity, dissipating energy and preventing erosion, storing water, purifying water quality and ecological landscape.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the objective of this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a slope protection structure for a reservoir front reservoir, including a deep-water flood discharge area for flood discharge and a shallow-water planting area for planting aquatic plants. The deep-water flood discharge area is located in the middle of the front reservoir and its direction is consistent with the mainstream flood position of the upstream river channel. The shallow-water planting area is located on both banks of the front reservoir. The deep-water flood discharge area is lower than the shallow-water planting areas on both banks. A water-retaining embankment is set at the boundary between the deep-water flood discharge area and the shallow-shoal planting area on both banks. The top elevation of the water-retaining embankment is the same as the flood level to isolate the main flood flow and prevent the shallow-shoal planting area from being eroded by strong water flow. At the same time, it is used to block water during the dry season to ensure that the shallow-shoal planting area maintains a certain water depth. An energy dissipation structure is also set in the deep-water flood discharge area, which is connected to the water-retaining embankment on both sides. Multiple first drainage holes are set at intervals at a certain elevation above the surface of the shallow planting area. A second drainage hole is set in the middle of the energy dissipation structure. The first and second drainage holes are connected by pipes buried in the energy dissipation structure. During the flood season, water is introduced into the shallow planting area through the pipes. When the flood recedes, the floodwater in the shallow planting area can be discharged in time, and a certain water depth is left in the shallow planting area.

[0006] The bottom of the deep-water flood control area includes the reservoir bottom in the middle and the reservoir slopes on both sides of the reservoir bottom; the elevation of the reservoir bottom is lower than the elevation of the shallow water planting area, one side of the reservoir slope connects with the shallow water planting area, and the other side connects with the reservoir bottom.

[0007] The bottom of the reservoir in the deep-water flood control area and the shallow-water planting area is equipped with a first composite geomembrane. The first composite geomembrane in the deep-water flood control area is equipped with a retaining structure and a counterweight body for the deep-water flood control area from bottom to top. The first composite geomembrane in the shallow-water planting area is equipped with a retaining structure and a counterweight body for the shallow-water planting area from bottom to top.

[0008] A second composite geomembrane is installed on one side of the shallow planting area. The upper end of the second composite geomembrane is embedded in the water-retaining sill to a certain depth, and the top elevation of the second composite geomembrane is not higher than the bottom elevation of the first drainage hole. The lower end of the second composite geomembrane is connected to the first composite geomembrane.

[0009] The ballast body in the deep-water flood control area consists of 300-600mm thick sand and gravel with a particle size of 20-50mm.

[0010] The revetment structure, from top to bottom, includes a gabion slope protection layer, a gravel cushion layer, and a medium-coarse sand cushion layer. The uneven surface of the gabion slope protection layer enhances its interlocking with the counterweight in the deep-water flood zone. The particle size of the gravel cushion layer in the middle is between that of the medium-coarse sand cushion layer and the cavity size of the gabion slope protection layer, preventing the lower medium-coarse sand cushion layer from overflowing from the cavity of the gabion slope protection layer due to water erosion. The medium-coarse sand cushion layer is used to prevent gravel from piercing the first composite geomembrane.

[0011] The ballast body in the shallow planting area consists of topsoil and clay layers from top to bottom. The topsoil is used to plant aquatic plants, providing good soil conditions for plant growth. The clay layer is used for plant root growth and has a certain degree of compactness and cohesion, enhancing the bonding ability with the underlying retaining structure.

[0012] Both the first and second composite geomembranes have a structure in which two layers of geotextile sandwich a geomembrane.

[0013] The energy dissipation structure includes multiple transverse energy dissipation sills spaced apart along the width of the front reservoir. The two ends of the transverse energy dissipation sills are connected to the water retaining sills on both banks respectively. The second drainage hole is located at the top of the transverse energy dissipation sills, and the pipe is pre-embedded in the transverse energy dissipation sills.

[0014] The transverse energy dissipation sill has a trapezoidal structure that is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, and the water-facing side of the transverse energy dissipation sill has a sloping structure.

[0015] The middle part of the transverse energy dissipation sill protrudes downstream.

[0016] The energy dissipation structure also includes several longitudinal grid embankments set along the direction of river flow, which are connected with the transverse energy dissipation sills to form a frame structure.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the above-conceptual technical solution conceived in this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The pre-reservoir is divided into two zones: a deep-water flood discharge zone and a shallow-water planting zone, simultaneously meeting the requirements for flood discharge, water purification, and ecological planting. Zone 1, the deep-water flood discharge zone, is located in the middle of the pre-reservoir. This zone is lower than the shallow-water planting zones on either side, forming a deep central channel and increasing the cross-sectional area for flood discharge. Zone 2, the shallow-water planting zone, is located on both banks of the pre-reservoir. Backfilling is used to shape the terrain, and aquatic plants are planted on the surface. A water-retaining sill is constructed at the boundary between Zone 1 and Zone 2, with its top elevation aligned with the flood level. This sill isolates the main flood flow, controlling its concentration within the deep-water flood discharge zone and preventing erosion of the shallow-water planting zone by strong currents. It also serves to retain water during the dry season, ensuring a certain water depth for the shallow-water planting. Energy-dissipating structures are installed within Zone 1's deep-water flood discharge zone to dissipate energy from the water flow and reduce the flow velocity at the bottom of the reservoir. A first drainage hole is installed at a height higher than the surface of the shallow planting area. This first drainage hole connects to a second drainage hole on the energy dissipation structure via a pipe embedded within the structure. During flood season, water can be introduced into the shallow planting area through the pipe, and during flood receding, floodwater can be promptly discharged from the planting area. Because the first drainage hole is higher than the surface of the planting area, a certain water depth is maintained. Through this structure, the functions of receiving upstream floodwater, reducing flow velocity, dissipating energy and preventing erosion, storing water, purifying water quality, and ecological landscape are simultaneously achieved.

[0018] 2. The entire pre-reservoir is equipped with composite geomembrane for seepage prevention, which can prevent water from seeping out of the pre-reservoir during the dry season and ensure the water level required for plant growth in the pre-reservoir.

[0019] 3. The composite geomembrane on the slope of the deep-water flood control area of ​​Zone 1 and the shallow-shoal planting area of ​​Zone 2 of the pre-reservoir is equipped with a protective structure, which can resist the erosion of large floods and at the same time take into account the ecological benefits.

[0020] 3. For different zones, different types of counterweights are installed on the composite geomembrane revetment structure to prevent flood erosion or promote plant growth, increase the weight of the structure on the geomembrane, and prevent the geomembrane from bulging. In Zone 1, the deep-water floodplain, a counterweight of larger-diameter sand and gravel is installed on the revetment structure to prevent flood erosion; in Zone 2, the shallow-water planting area, a counterweight of clay and topsoil is installed on the revetment structure to promote plant growth.

[0021] 4. The transverse energy dissipation embankments on the slope and the transverse energy dissipation embankments at the bottom of the reservoir can reduce the flow velocity in the riverbed area of ​​the deep-water flood discharge zone. Together with the gravel and sand ballast and the geomembrane revetment structure, they can dissipate energy and prevent erosion. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a plan view of an example of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the vertical water flow direction in an example of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view along the water flow direction of an example of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the water-retaining sill.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the energy dissipation sill.

[0028] In the picture: 1. Counterweight structures in deep-water floodplains; 2. Substrate in shallow planting areas; 21. Topsoil; 22. Clay layer; 3. Retaining structure; 31. Gabion mesh slope protection; 32. Meat flakes cushion layer; 33. Medium-coarse sand cushion layer; 4. First composite geomembrane; 5. Water-retaining sill; 51. First drainage hole; 52. Second composite geomembrane; 6. Horizontal energy dissipation sill; Pipes 61 and 62; Second drainage hole; 7. Vertical grid ridges. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application, a further detailed description of this application is provided below in conjunction with illustrations and specific embodiments. It should be specifically noted that the specific embodiments described below are only for illustrating the technical content of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present application. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating a connection between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] Example 1: like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a reservoir front-end slope protection structure includes a deep-water flood discharge area for flood discharge and a shallow-water planting area for planting aquatic plants. The deep-water flood discharge area is located in the middle of the front-end reservoir and its direction is consistent with the mainstream flood position of the upstream river channel. The shallow-water planting area is located on both banks of the front-end reservoir. The deep-water flood discharge area is lower than the shallow-water planting areas on both banks.

[0033] A water-retaining embankment 5 is set at the boundary between the deep-water flood discharge area and the shallow-shoal planting area on both banks. The top elevation of the water-retaining embankment 5 is consistent with the flood level to isolate the main flood flow and prevent the shallow-shoal planting area from being eroded by strong water flow. At the same time, it is used to block water during the dry season to ensure that the shallow-shoal planting area maintains a certain water depth. An energy dissipation structure is also set in the deep-water flood discharge area, which is connected to the water-retaining embankments 5 on both sides. The water-retaining embankment 5 is provided with multiple first drainage holes 51 at intervals at a certain elevation above the beach surface of the shallow planting area. A second drainage hole 62 is provided in the middle of the energy dissipation structure. The first drainage holes 51 and the second drainage holes 62 are connected by a pipe 61 buried in the energy dissipation structure. During the flood season, water is introduced into the shallow planting area through the pipe 61. When the flood recedes, the floodwater in the shallow planting area can be discharged in time, and a certain water depth is left in the shallow planting area.

[0034] Combination Figure 2The pre-reservoir is divided into two zones: a deep-water flood discharge zone and a shallow-water planting zone, simultaneously meeting the requirements for flood discharge, water purification, and ecological planting. Zone 1, the deep-water flood discharge zone, is located in the middle of the pre-reservoir. This zone is 1.2m lower than the shallow-water planting zones on both sides, forming a deep central channel and increasing the cross-sectional area for flood discharge. Zone 2, the shallow-water planting zones, are located on both banks of the pre-reservoir. Backfilling and topography have been used to shape the terrain. The surface of this zone is 1.2m higher than the deep-water flood discharge zone, and aquatic plants are planted on the surface. A retaining wall 5 is installed at the boundary between Zone 1 (deep-water flood discharge zone) and Zone 2 (shallow-water planting zone). The top elevation of retaining wall 5 is consistent with the flood level. This serves to isolate the main flood flow, control the concentration of the main flood flow within the deep-water flood discharge zone, prevent the shallow-water planting zone from being eroded by strong water flow, and also retain water during the dry season, ensuring a certain water depth for the shallow-water planting zone. Energy dissipation structures are installed within Zone 1 (deep-water flood discharge zone) to dissipate energy from the water flow and reduce the flow velocity at the bottom of the reservoir. A first drainage hole 51 is installed at a position 0.3m above the surface of the shallow planting area, spaced 10m apart. The first drainage hole 51 is connected to a second drainage hole 62 on the energy dissipation structure via a pipe 61 pre-embedded in the energy dissipation structure. During flood season, water can be introduced into the shallow planting area through the pipe 61. When the flood recedes, the floodwater in the shallow planting area can be discharged in a timely manner. Since the first drainage hole 51 is higher than the surface of the shallow planting area, a certain water depth can be maintained in the shallow planting area. Through the above structure, the functions of receiving upstream floodwater, reducing flow velocity, energy dissipation and erosion prevention, water storage, water purification, and ecological landscape can be simultaneously achieved.

[0035] In this embodiment, see Figure 2 The bottom of the deep-water flood control area includes the reservoir bottom in the middle and the reservoir slopes on both sides of the reservoir bottom. The elevation of the reservoir bottom is lower than the elevation of the shallow water planting area. One side of the reservoir slope connects to the surface of the shallow water planting area, and the other side connects to the reservoir bottom. In this embodiment, the top surface of the reservoir bottom is about 1.2m lower than the shallow water planting areas on both sides.

[0036] See Figure 2 The bottom of the reservoir in the deep-water flood discharge area and the shallow-water planting area is equipped with a first composite geomembrane 4. The first composite geomembrane 4 in the deep-water flood discharge area is equipped with a retaining structure 3 and a heavy weight body 1 from bottom to top. The first composite geomembrane 4 in the shallow-water planting area is equipped with a retaining structure 3 and a heavy weight body 2 from bottom to top.

[0037] Furthermore, a second composite geomembrane 52 is installed on one side of the shallow planting area of ​​the water-retaining embankment 5. The upper end of the second composite geomembrane 52 is embedded in the water-retaining embankment 5 to a certain depth, and the top elevation of the second composite geomembrane 52 is not higher than the bottom elevation of the first drainage hole 51. The lower end of the second composite geomembrane 52 is connected to the first composite geomembrane 4.

[0038] Specifically, the deep-water flood diversion area counterweight 1 is located in the middle of the pre-reservoir, and its orientation is consistent with the mainstream position of the upstream river flood. The deep-water flood diversion area counterweight 1 is composed of 300~600mm thick sand and gravel with a particle size of 20-50mm. It can prevent flood erosion, increase the structural weight on the first composite geomembrane 4, and prevent the geomembrane from bulging.

[0039] The ballast body 2 in the shallow planting area is located on both sides of the pre-positioned reservoir. Backfilled clay layer 22 and topsoil 21 shape the terrain, which is conducive to plant growth, increases the structural weight of the first composite geomembrane 4, and prevents the geomembrane from bulging. The upper part is topsoil 21, which provides good soil conditions for plant growth; the lower part is clay layer 22, which can support plant root growth and has a certain degree of compactness and cohesion, enhancing the bonding ability with the lower geomembrane.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the retaining structure 3 on the first composite geomembrane 4 is located below the counterweight, enhancing the erosion resistance of the front reservoir slope and bottom. The retaining structure 3, from top to bottom, includes a gabion slope protection 31, a gravel cushion layer 32, and a medium-coarse sand cushion layer 33. The gabion slope protection 31 itself possesses strong erosion resistance, and its uneven surface structure enhances the interlocking with the upper counterweight, further strengthening the erosion resistance of the upper counterweight. The middle gravel cushion layer 32 serves as a transition layer between the gabion slope protection 31 and the lower medium-coarse sand cushion layer 33. The particle size of the middle gravel cushion layer 32 is between the cavity size of the medium-coarse sand cushion layer 33 and the gabion slope protection 31, preventing the lower medium-coarse sand cushion layer 33 from overflowing from the cavity of the gabion slope protection 31 due to water erosion. The medium-coarse sand cushion layer 33 is used to prevent gravel from piercing the first composite geomembrane 4.

[0041] The composite geomembrane 4 is a two-layer geotextile and one-membrane structure that combines two layers of geotextile and geomembrane. It plays a role in preventing water seepage from the reservoir and ensuring water level during the dry season.

[0042] See Figure 2 , 4 The water-retaining embankment 5 is located on one side of the shallow planting area and is closely attached to the second composite geomembrane 52. The upper end of the second composite geomembrane 52 is embedded 15cm into the water-retaining embankment 5, and the top elevation of the second composite geomembrane 52 is not higher than the bottom elevation of the first drainage hole 51. The lower end of the second composite geomembrane 52 is firmly welded to the first composite geomembrane 4 laid on the bottom of the reservoir to prevent water from seeping from the gap between the water-retaining embankment 5 and the first composite geomembrane 4 in the shallow planting area.

[0043] In this embodiment, the energy dissipation structure includes multiple transverse energy dissipation sills 6 spaced apart along the width of the front reservoir. The two ends of each transverse energy dissipation sill 6 are connected to the water-retaining sills 5 on both banks. A second drainage hole 62 is located at the top of the transverse energy dissipation sill 6, and a pipe 61 is pre-embedded within the transverse energy dissipation sill 6.

[0044] Specifically, see Figure 4 The water-retaining sill 5 has a trapezoidal cross-section, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top. The lower part is embedded in the retaining structure 3 and the counterweight to enhance stability. (See also...) Figure 3 , 5 The transverse energy dissipation sill 6 is 0.5m higher than the bottom elevation of the deep-water flood discharge area, and is arranged at 10m intervals. The transverse energy dissipation sill 6 can dissipate energy of the incoming water and reduce the flow velocity in the reservoir bottom area. The sloping structure of the water-facing side with the water flow can also avoid causing significant disturbance to the water flow and serious water obstruction. The transverse energy dissipation sill 6 has a PVC pipe 61 and a second drainage hole 62 reserved inside. The second drainage hole 62 is connected to the first drainage hole 51 on the water-retaining sill 5 to ensure the free flow of water in the deep-water flood discharge area and the shallow planting area.

[0045] Further, see Figure 1 The middle of the transverse energy dissipation sill 6 protrudes downstream. This guides the water flow towards the middle of the forward reservoir, reducing the impact of the water flow on both banks.

[0046] Example 2: Based on Example 1, see Figure 1 , 2 3. The energy dissipation structure also includes several longitudinal grid embankments 7 set along the direction of river flow. The longitudinal grid embankments 7 are connected with the transverse energy dissipation sills 6 to form a frame structure.

[0047] Specifically, the longitudinal grid embankment 7 is 0.5m higher than the bottom elevation of the deep-water floodplain and is arranged along the entire length of the water flow direction. The transverse energy dissipation embankment 6 and the longitudinal grid embankment 7 form a frame structure, which together have the following functions: first, they can improve the structural strength and stability of the energy dissipation structure; second, they can reduce the water flow velocity in the reservoir bottom area and prevent the weighted bodies within the frame area from being eroded by strong water flow; and third, they can guide the water flow and prevent strong water flow from eroding the banks.

[0048] In this embodiment, the water-retaining sill 5, the transverse energy dissipation sill 6, and the longitudinal grid ridge 7 are all concrete structures. The lower parts of the water-retaining sill 5, the transverse energy dissipation sill 6, and the longitudinal grid ridge 7 are all embedded in the retaining structure 3 and the counterweight to enhance stability.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure, characterized in that: It includes a deep-water flood discharge area for flood control and a shallow-water planting area for planting aquatic plants. The deep-water flood discharge area is located in the middle of the upstream reservoir and its direction is consistent with the mainstream flood position of the upstream river channel. The shallow-water planting area is located on both banks of the upstream reservoir. The deep-water flood discharge area is lower than the shallow-water planting area on both banks. A water-retaining sill (5) is set at the boundary between the deep-water flood discharge area and the shallow-shoal planting area on both banks. The top elevation of the water-retaining sill (5) is consistent with the flood level elevation to isolate the main flood flow and prevent the shallow-shoal planting area from being eroded by strong water flow. At the same time, it is used to block water during the dry season to ensure that the shallow-shoal planting plants maintain a certain water depth. An energy dissipation structure is also set in the deep-water flood discharge area, which is connected to the water-retaining sills (5) on both sides. The water-retaining embankment (5) is provided with multiple first drainage holes (51) at intervals at a certain elevation above the beach surface of the shallow planting area. The energy dissipation structure is provided with a second drainage hole (62) in the middle. The first drainage hole (51) and the second drainage hole (62) are connected by a pipe (61) buried in the energy dissipation structure. During the flood season, water is introduced into the shallow planting area through the pipe (61). When the flood recedes, the floodwater in the shallow planting area can be discharged in time, and a certain water depth is left in the shallow planting area.

2. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the deep-water flood control area includes the reservoir bottom in the middle and the reservoir slopes on both sides of the reservoir bottom; the elevation of the reservoir bottom is lower than the elevation of the shallow water planting area, one side of the reservoir slope connects to the shallow water planting area, and the other side connects to the reservoir bottom.

3. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the reservoir in the deep-water flood discharge area and the shallow-water planting area is equipped with a first composite geomembrane (4). Above the first composite geomembrane (4) in the deep-water flood discharge area, a retaining structure (3) and a heavy weight (1) in the deep-water flood discharge area are installed from bottom to top. Above the first composite geomembrane (4) in the shallow-water planting area, a retaining structure (3) and a heavy weight (2) in the shallow-water planting area are installed from bottom to top.

4. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second composite geomembrane (52) is installed on one side of the shallow planting area of ​​the water-retaining embankment (5). The upper end of the second composite geomembrane (52) is embedded in the water-retaining embankment (5) to a certain depth, and the top elevation of the second composite geomembrane (52) is not higher than the bottom elevation of the first drainage hole (51). The lower end of the second composite geomembrane (52) is connected to the first composite geomembrane (4).

5. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ballast body (1) in the deep-water flood control area is composed of 300~600mm thick sand and gravel with a particle size of 20-50mm.

6. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The revetment structure (3) includes, from top to bottom, gabion slope protection (31), gravel cushion layer (32) and medium-coarse sand cushion layer (33). The gabion slope protection (31) has an uneven surface structure to enhance the interlocking with the heavy body (1) in the deep water flood control area. The particle size of the middle gravel cushion layer (32) is between the size of the medium-coarse sand cushion layer (33) and the cavity size of the gabion slope protection (31) to prevent the lower medium-coarse sand cushion layer (33) from overflowing from the cavity of the gabion slope protection (31) due to water scouring. The medium-coarse sand cushion layer (33) is used to prevent gravel from piercing the first composite geomembrane (4).

7. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ballast body (2) of the shallow planting area includes topsoil (21) and clay layer (22) from top to bottom. Topsoil (21) is used to plant aquatic plants and provides good soil conditions for plant growth. Clay layer (22) is used for plant root growth and has a certain degree of compactness and stickiness, which enhances the bonding ability with the lower retaining structure (3).

8. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the first composite geomembrane (4) and the second composite geomembrane (52) are structures with two layers of geotextile sandwiching the geomembrane.

9. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The energy dissipation structure includes multiple transverse energy dissipation sills (6) spaced apart along the width of the front reservoir. The two ends of the transverse energy dissipation sills (6) are connected to the water retaining sills (5) on both banks respectively. The second drainage hole (62) is set at the top of the transverse energy dissipation sills (6), and the pipe (61) is embedded in the transverse energy dissipation sills (6).

10. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The transverse energy dissipation sill (6) is a trapezoidal structure that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the water-facing side of the transverse energy dissipation sill (6) is a sloping structure.

11. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The middle part of the transverse energy dissipation sill (6) protrudes downstream.

12. The reservoir pre-reservoir slope protection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The energy dissipation structure also includes several longitudinal grid embankments (7) set along the direction of river flow. The longitudinal grid embankments (7) are connected with the transverse energy dissipation sills (6) to form a frame structure.

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