Aqueous high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent and preparation method and application thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611119273.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-03
AI Technical Summary
传统水系灭火剂多为纯水或简单添加表面活性剂的复配体系，仅依靠水的降温、窒息作用灭火，存在灭火速度慢、抗复燃性差、渗透性弱的缺陷，针对油脂类液体火灾、密闭空间火灾、锂电池热失控火灾灭火效果极差，极易出现复燃、火势蔓延等问题
[0029]本发明中，采用无机阻燃降温剂与自由基捕获剂组分，使得成品可快速扑灭各类常见火灾，灭火速度较传统水系灭火剂得到大幅提升，能够彻底解决火情复燃问题，且灭火剂材料采用无氟、无卤素、无有毒阻燃组分，所有原料均可生物降解，无环境污染，对人体、动植物无危害，适配密闭空间、人居场景灭火使用制备成品体系分散均匀，长期储存不分层、不沉淀，耐低温性能优异，在极低温度下可正常使用，低腐蚀特性可适配各类消防设备，使用寿命长。
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Figure CN123024282A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing agent technology, and particularly relates to a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, its preparation method and application. Background Technology
[0002] Water-based fire extinguishing agents are among the most widely used fire extinguishing agents in the fire protection field due to their advantages of being safe and non-toxic, widely available materials, and highly versatile in fire extinguishing. Traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents are mostly pure water or simple compound systems with added surfactants. They rely solely on the cooling and suffocating effects of water to extinguish fires, resulting in slow extinguishing speed, poor resistance to reignition, and weak penetration. They are extremely ineffective in extinguishing fires involving oily liquids, fires in confined spaces, and fires caused by thermal runaway of lithium batteries, and are prone to reignition and fire spread.
[0003] Existing high-efficiency fire extinguishing agents mostly use fluorinated surfactants and halogenated flame retardants as core components. Although they have excellent fire extinguishing performance, they suffer from high biotoxicity, are difficult to degrade, and cause serious environmental pollution, which does not meet the requirements of green fire protection development. At the same time, some modified water-based fire extinguishing agent systems have poor stability, are prone to stratification and precipitation during long-term storage, are prone to freezing and failure at low temperatures, and have a certain degree of corrosiveness to fire-fighting equipment and metal substrates, resulting in short service life and limited application scenarios. In addition, most existing fire extinguishing agents have only one function and cannot be simultaneously adapted to fires involving solids, liquids, electrical equipment, and new energy batteries, resulting in poor versatility. To solve the above problems, there is an urgent need for a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method and application. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, its preparation method, and its application in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following components in the following proportions:
[0006] The composition consists of 8-18% inorganic flame retardant and cooling agent, 2.5-6% fluorine-free composite surfactant, 0.8-2% free radical scavenger, 1-3% penetration stabilizer, 2-5% antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor, and the remainder is deionized water.
[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0008] The inorganic flame retardant and cooling agent is a compound mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate, with a mass ratio of 3:2:1. This component can rapidly absorb heat and cool down, and decompose at high temperatures to generate inert gas that isolates oxygen. At the same time, it forms a dense flame retardant protective film that blocks the contact between the burning substrate and air, thus inhibiting the spread of fire.
[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0010] The fluorine-free composite surfactant is a mixture of alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers in a mass ratio of 2:1. The fluorine-free formula is green and biodegradable, which can significantly reduce the surface tension of the extinguishing agent, improve the spreading and film-forming speed and penetration ability, quickly cover the surface of the burning material, and prevent reignition.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0012] The free radical scavenger is cyanuric acid, which can accurately capture hydroxyl and hydrogen free radicals generated during combustion, terminate the combustion chain reaction, block the continued combustion from the source, and greatly improve the fire extinguishing efficiency. The penetrating stabilizer is triethanolamine, which has multiple functions of penetration, dispersion and stabilization. It can promote the uniform dispersion of each component, prevent the system from stratifying and settling, and at the same time improve the penetration and fire extinguishing ability of the fire extinguishing agent in porous solid burning materials and crevice fires.
[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0014] The antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor is a compound mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerin in a mass ratio of 4:1. It can significantly reduce the freezing point of the extinguishing agent, improve its low-temperature adaptability, and form a protective film on the metal surface to effectively inhibit corrosion and protect fire-fighting equipment and the burning substrate.
[0015] This invention also discloses a method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, the specific steps of which are as follows:
[0016] S1. Preparation of an aqueous substrate;
[0017] S2, Dissolve the inorganic components;
[0018] S3. Perform functional component compounding;
[0019] S4. Perform antifreeze and corrosion-inhibiting modification;
[0020] S5. Filter and let stand to obtain the finished product.
[0021] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0022] In step S1, the preparation of the aqueous substrate involves the following steps: adding metered deionized water to a stirred reactor, heating to 35–45°C, stirring at a constant temperature for 10–15 min at a stirring speed of 150–200 r / min to remove trace impurities and bubbles from the water, thereby obtaining a pure aqueous substrate.
[0023] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0024] In step S2, the inorganic components are dissolved. The specific steps are as follows: ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate are added sequentially to the aqueous base, the temperature is raised to 50-60°C, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 30-40 minutes until the solid is completely dissolved, resulting in a uniform and transparent flame-retardant and cooling mother liquor.
[0025] As a further description of the above technical solution:
[0026] In step S3, the functional components are compounded. Specifically, triethanolamine and cyanuric acid are added sequentially to the flame-retardant and cooling mother liquor, maintaining a temperature of 50–60°C. The stirring speed of the stirring vessel is controlled at 200–250 r / min, and the stirring is carried out for 20–25 min to ensure that the functional components are fully dispersed and blended. Then, the vessel is allowed to cool down to 30–40°C, and alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether composite surfactants are slowly added. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 25–30 min to protect the molecular structure of the surfactants under low-temperature conditions and prevent high-temperature failure. In step S4, antifreeze and corrosion-inhibiting modification is carried out. Specifically, a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerin is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15–20 min. The stirring speed is controlled at 180 r / min to ensure thorough mixing. In step S5, the product is obtained by filtration and settling. Specifically, the mixed material is filtered through a 200-mesh filter to remove trace amounts of insoluble impurities. The mixture is then allowed to stand at room temperature for 2–4 h to defoam and stabilize, thus obtaining a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent.
[0027] This invention also discloses the application of a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent for solid fires, liquid fires, initial low-voltage electrical fires, and initial thermal runaway fires of lithium batteries in energy storage power stations. It is compatible with household fire extinguishers, vehicle-mounted fire-fighting equipment, industrial fixed fire sprinkler systems, initial forest fire suppression, and warehouse fire protection.
[0028] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0029] This invention employs inorganic flame-retardant cooling agents and free radical scavenging agents, enabling the finished product to quickly extinguish various common fires. The extinguishing speed is significantly improved compared to traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents, effectively solving the problem of fire reignition. Furthermore, the fire extinguishing agent materials are fluorine-free, halogen-free, and free of toxic flame-retardant components. All raw materials are biodegradable, causing no environmental pollution and posing no harm to humans, animals, or plants. It is suitable for fire extinguishing in enclosed spaces and residential settings. The prepared product system is uniformly dispersed, does not separate or precipitate during long-term storage, exhibits excellent low-temperature resistance, and can be used normally at extremely low temperatures. Its low-corrosion properties make it compatible with various fire-fighting equipment, resulting in a long service life.
[0030] In this invention, the overall preparation process is mild, without high temperature and high pressure, without complex reactions, simple process, low energy consumption, cheap and readily available raw materials, can realize large-scale industrial production, low production cost, and can be adapted to multiple types of fires such as solid, liquid, initial electrical, and initial thermal runaway of lithium batteries. It covers all scenarios such as household, industrial, vehicle, energy storage, and initial forest fire fighting, and has a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description
[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following components in the following amounts:
[0035] The composition comprises 10% inorganic flame retardant and cooling agent, 4% fluorine-free composite surfactant, 1% free radical scavenger, 2% penetration stabilizer, 3% antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor, and the balance being deionized water. The inorganic flame retardant and cooling agent is a compound mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. This component can rapidly absorb heat and cool down, decomposing at high temperatures to generate inert gases that isolate oxygen, while simultaneously forming a dense flame-retardant protective film that blocks contact between the burning substrate and air, inhibiting the spread of fire. The fluorine-free composite surfactant is a compound mixture of alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 2:1. The fluorine-free formula is green and biodegradable, significantly reducing the surface tension of the extinguishing agent, improving the spreading and film-forming speed and penetration capacity, and providing rapid... The extinguishing agent rapidly covers the surface of burning materials to prevent reignition. The free radical scavenger, cyanuric acid, precisely captures hydroxyl and hydrogen free radicals generated during combustion, terminating the combustion chain reaction and fundamentally blocking the continuation of combustion, significantly improving extinguishing efficiency. The penetrating stabilizer, triethanolamine, has multiple functions including penetration, dispersion, and stabilization, promoting uniform dispersion of components, preventing system stratification and precipitation, and enhancing the extinguishing agent's penetration and extinguishing ability in porous solid burning materials and crevice fires. The antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor is a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerol in a 4:1 mass ratio; it significantly lowers the freezing point of the extinguishing agent, improving low-temperature adaptability, and simultaneously forms a protective film on metal surfaces, effectively inhibiting corrosion and protecting fire-fighting equipment and the burning substrate.
[0036] In this embodiment, inorganic flame-retardant cooling agents and free radical scavenging agents are used, enabling the finished product to quickly extinguish various common fires. The extinguishing speed is significantly improved compared to traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents, and the problem of fire reignition can be completely solved. Moreover, the fire extinguishing agent materials are fluorine-free, halogen-free, and free of toxic flame-retardant components. All raw materials are biodegradable, causing no environmental pollution and posing no harm to humans, animals, or plants. It is suitable for fire extinguishing in enclosed spaces and residential settings. The prepared product system is uniformly dispersed, does not separate or precipitate during long-term storage, has excellent low-temperature resistance, can be used normally at extremely low temperatures, has low corrosion characteristics, is compatible with various fire-fighting equipment, and has a long service life.
[0037] Example 2
[0038] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, the specific steps of which are as follows:
[0039] S1. Preparation of aqueous substrate: The specific steps are as follows: add metered deionized water to a stirred reaction vessel, heat to 35°C, stir at a constant temperature for 10 min, stir at a speed of 150 r / min to remove trace impurities and bubbles in the water, and obtain a pure aqueous substrate.
[0040] S2. Dissolve the inorganic components. The specific steps are as follows: add the proportions of ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate to the aqueous base in sequence, heat to 50°C, stir at a constant temperature for 30 minutes until the solid is completely dissolved, and obtain a uniform and transparent flame-retardant cooling mother liquor.
[0041] S3. Perform functional component compounding. The specific steps are as follows: Add triethanolamine and cyanuric acid sequentially to the flame-retardant cooling mother liquor, maintain 50°C, control the stirring speed of the stirring vessel at 200 r / min, and stir for 20 min to fully disperse and blend the functional components; then wait for the vessel to cool down to 30°C, slowly add the alkyl glycoside and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether composite surfactant, and stir at a constant temperature for 25 min. The low temperature condition protects the molecular structure of the surfactant and avoids high-temperature failure.
[0042] S4. Carry out antifreeze and corrosion inhibition modification. The specific steps are as follows: add a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerin, stir at room temperature for 15 minutes, control the stirring speed to 180 r / min, and mix thoroughly.
[0043] S5. Filter and let stand to obtain the finished product. The specific steps are as follows: filter the mixed material through a 200-mesh filter to remove trace amounts of insoluble impurities, let it stand at room temperature for 2 hours to defoam and stabilize, and then the water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent is obtained.
[0044] In this embodiment, the overall preparation process is characterized by mild conditions, no high temperature or high pressure, no complex reactions, simple procedures, low energy consumption, and cheap and readily available raw materials. It can achieve large-scale industrial production with low production costs and can be adapted to various types of fires, including solid, liquid, initial electrical, and initial thermal runaway of lithium batteries. It covers all scenarios such as household, industrial, vehicle, energy storage, and initial forest fire suppression, and has a wide range of applications.
[0045] Example 3
[0046] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, the specific steps of which are as follows:
[0047] S1. Preparation of aqueous substrate: The specific steps are as follows: add metered deionized water to a stirred reaction vessel, heat to 40°C, stir at a constant temperature for 12 min, stir at a stirring speed of 180 r / min to remove trace impurities and bubbles in the water, and obtain a pure aqueous substrate.
[0048] S2. Dissolve the inorganic components. The specific steps are as follows: add the proportions of ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate to the aqueous base in sequence, heat to 55°C, stir at a constant temperature for 35 minutes until the solid is completely dissolved, and obtain a uniform and transparent flame-retardant cooling mother liquor.
[0049] S3. Perform functional component compounding. The specific steps are as follows: Add triethanolamine and cyanuric acid sequentially to the flame-retardant cooling mother liquor, maintain 55°C, control the stirring speed of the stirring vessel at 230 r / min, and stir for 22 min to fully disperse and blend the functional components; then wait for the vessel to cool down to 35°C, slowly add the alkyl glycoside and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether composite surfactant, and stir at a constant temperature for 28 min. The low temperature condition protects the molecular structure of the surfactant and avoids high-temperature failure.
[0050] S4. Perform antifreeze and corrosion inhibition modification. The specific steps are as follows: add a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerin as an auxiliary agent, stir at room temperature for 18 minutes, control the stirring speed to 180 r / min, and mix thoroughly.
[0051] S5. Filter and let stand to obtain the finished product. The specific steps are as follows: filter the mixed material through a 200-mesh filter to remove trace amounts of insoluble impurities, let it stand at room temperature for 3 hours to defoam and stabilize, and then the water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent is obtained.
[0052] Example 4
[0053] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, the specific steps of which are as follows:
[0054] S1. Preparation of aqueous substrate: The specific steps are as follows: add metered deionized water to a stirred reaction vessel, heat to 45°C, stir at a constant temperature for 15 min, stir at a speed of 200 r / min to remove trace impurities and bubbles in the water, and obtain a pure aqueous substrate.
[0055] S2. Dissolve the inorganic components. The specific steps are as follows: add the proportions of ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate to the aqueous base in sequence, heat to 60°C, stir at a constant temperature for 40 minutes until the solid is completely dissolved, and obtain a uniform and transparent flame-retardant cooling mother liquor.
[0056] S3. Perform functional component compounding. The specific steps are as follows: Add triethanolamine and cyanuric acid sequentially to the flame-retardant cooling mother liquor, maintain 60°C, control the stirring speed of the stirring vessel at 250 r / min, and stir for 25 min to fully disperse and blend the functional components; then wait for the vessel to cool down to 40°C, slowly add the alkyl glycoside and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether composite surfactant, and stir at a constant temperature for 30 min. The low temperature condition protects the molecular structure of the surfactant and avoids high-temperature failure.
[0057] S4. Carry out antifreeze and corrosion inhibition modification. The specific steps are as follows: add a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerin, stir at room temperature for 20 minutes, control the stirring speed to 180 r / min, and mix thoroughly.
[0058] S5. Filter and let stand to obtain the finished product. The specific steps are as follows: filter the mixed material through a 200-mesh filter to remove trace amounts of insoluble impurities, let it stand at room temperature for 2-4 hours to defoam and stabilize, and then the water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent is obtained.
[0059] Example 5
[0060] This invention also provides a technical solution: the application of a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent for solid fires, liquid fires, initial low-voltage electrical fires, and initial thermal runaway fires of lithium batteries in energy storage power stations. It is compatible with household fire extinguishers, vehicle-mounted fire-fighting equipment, industrial fixed fire sprinkler systems, initial forest fire suppression, and warehouse fire protection.
[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that, Components including the following contents: The composition consists of 8-18% inorganic flame retardant and cooling agent, 2.5-6% fluorine-free composite surfactant, 0.8-2% free radical scavenger, 1-3% penetration stabilizer, 2-5% antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor, and the remainder is deionized water.
2. The water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic flame retardant and cooling agent is a compound mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate, with a mass ratio of 3:2:
1.
3. The water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fluorine-free composite surfactant is a mixture of alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers in a mass ratio of 2:
1.
4. The water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The free radical scavenger is cyanuric acid, and the permeation stabilizer is triethanolamine.
5. The water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor is a compound mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerin, with a mass ratio of 4:
1.
6. A method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: S1. Preparation of an aqueous substrate; S2, Dissolve the inorganic components; S3. Perform functional component compounding; S4. Perform antifreeze and corrosion-inhibiting modification; S5. Filter and let stand to obtain the finished product.
7. The method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the preparation of the aqueous substrate involves the following steps: adding metered deionized water to a stirred reactor, heating to 35–45°C, stirring at a constant temperature for 10–15 min at a stirring speed of 150–200 r / min to remove trace impurities and bubbles from the water, thereby obtaining a pure aqueous substrate.
8. The method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the inorganic components are dissolved. The specific steps are as follows: ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium acetate are added sequentially to the aqueous base, the temperature is raised to 50-60°C, and the mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 30-40 minutes until the solid is completely dissolved, resulting in a uniform and transparent flame-retardant and cooling mother liquor.
9. The method for preparing a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the functional components are compounded. Specifically, triethanolamine and cyanuric acid are added sequentially to the flame-retardant and cooling mother liquor, maintaining a temperature of 50–60°C. The stirring speed of the stirring vessel is controlled at 200–250 r / min, and the stirring is carried out for 20–25 min to ensure that the functional components are fully dispersed and blended. Then, the vessel is allowed to cool down to 30–40°C, and alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether composite surfactants are slowly added. The mixture is stirred at a constant temperature for 25–30 min to protect the molecular structure of the surfactants under low-temperature conditions and prevent high-temperature failure. In step S4, antifreeze and corrosion-inhibiting modification is carried out. Specifically, a mixture of ethylene glycol and glycerin is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15–20 min. The stirring speed is controlled at 180 r / min to ensure thorough mixing. In step S5, the product is obtained by filtration and settling. Specifically, the mixed material is filtered through a 200-mesh filter to remove trace amounts of insoluble impurities. The mixture is then allowed to stand at room temperature for 2–4 h to defoam and stabilize, thus obtaining a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent.
10. The application of a water-based high-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: It is used for solid fires, liquid fires, initial low-voltage electrical fires, and initial thermal runaway fires of lithium batteries in energy storage power stations. It is compatible with household fire extinguishers, vehicle-mounted fire-fighting equipment, industrial fixed fire sprinkler systems, initial forest fire fighting, and warehouse fire protection.