An assembly type foundation pit supporting monitoring system and method based on turnover use

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on turnover use's fabricated foundation pit support monitoring system, including monitoring control room and multiple groups of unilateral support structure, soil moisture monitoring mechanism, vibration offset monitoring mechanism are arranged in unilateral support structure, unilateral support structure is installed on the inner wall of foundation pit side;Unilateral support system includes bottom adaptive support device, upper support plate, side support mechanism, at least one upper support plate is arranged on each bottom adaptive support device, and multiple bottom adaptive support devices are linearly arranged in the inner side of lower part of foundation pit;Every two groups of bottom adaptive support device adapt a group of side support mechanism;Vibration offset monitoring mechanism includes pipe body position limiting assembly and camera mechanism arranged around foundation pit;Soil moisture monitoring mechanism includes moisture detection sensing component assembly arranged in side support mechanism.The system method is convenient to improve support efficiency and use convenience, and can be used in rotation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of support structure technology, specifically to a prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system and method based on reusable use. Background Technology

[0002] An excavation pit refers to an excavation depth exceeding 5 meters (including 5 meters), or an engineering project with particularly complex geological conditions, surrounding environment, and underground pipelines even if the depth does not exceed 5 meters. Excavation pit engineering involves excavating an underground space from the ground surface. Support structures for retaining soil are generally installed around the perimeter of the pit. Excavation pit support refers to the measures taken to support, reinforce, and protect the sidewalls and surrounding environment of the pit to ensure the safety of underground structure construction and the surrounding environment. Common forms of excavation pit support include pile support, pile-anchor support, and retaining wall support.

[0003] Existing foundation pit support structures generally only allow for vertical or inclined insertion. Since the verticality of the soil layers surrounding the foundation pit is determined by specific needs—some pits use vertical retaining walls, while others use sloping retaining walls—existing support devices struggle to adapt to the slope of the retaining wall. This makes operation inconvenient, and the recovery process is complex; some devices are even unusable, significantly reducing construction efficiency and increasing costs. Therefore, we propose a bottom-adaptive support device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusability. This system can improve support efficiency and ease of use, and can recycle and reuse the adaptive recyclable foundation pit support system. It also has the functions of monitoring the soil moisture content around the foundation pit and monitoring the deformation of the support structure. The overall structure is prefabricated for installation and disassembly, and can be reused, which is highly innovative.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusability includes a monitoring control room and multiple sets of single-sided support structures. The single-sided support structures are installed on the inner wall of the foundation pit, and soil moisture monitoring mechanism and vibration offset monitoring mechanism are connected to the single-sided support structures.

[0007] The single-sided support system includes a bottom adaptive support device, an upper support plate, and a side support mechanism. Each bottom adaptive support device is equipped with at least one upper support plate, and multiple bottom adaptive support devices are arranged linearly on the inner side of the lower part of the pit.

[0008] Two to four bottom adaptive support devices are matched with one bottom support frame. The upper end of the bottom support frame is vertically connected to a side support steel plate. The upper end of the side support steel plate extends to the top of the pit and is connected to a pull ring. Two sets of bottom adaptive support devices are matched with one set of side support mechanisms.

[0009] The side support mechanism includes a first horizontal support tube and a vertical support assembly. The first horizontal support tube is connected laterally to the outer wall of two bottom adaptive support devices and fixed with bolts. The two vertical support assemblies are respectively installed vertically on the left and right ends of the first horizontal support tube. The vertical support assembly includes at least one vertical reinforcing tube. The upper part of the vertical reinforcing tube is longitudinally connected to a first longitudinal insertion tube. The inner end of the first longitudinal insertion tube passes through the upper support plate and is screwed into the inner wall of the pit side.

[0010] The vibration offset monitoring mechanism includes a pipe position limiting component and a camera mechanism set around the foundation pit. The pipe position limiting component is set at the upper middle part of the first cross brace pipe.

[0011] The soil moisture monitoring mechanism includes a moisture detection sensor component, which is located inside the inner end of the first longitudinal insertion pipe. The moisture detection sensor component is connected to the power supply of the monitoring control room through a first sensor circuit component located in the side support mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom adaptive support device includes a base and a lower support plate. Two sets of fixed frames are fixedly connected to the base, and two sets of fixed shafts are fixedly connected to the lower support plate, which are respectively rotatably connected to the fixed frames on both sides.

[0013] Also includes:

[0014] The fixing mechanism includes multiple sets of fixing tubes installed on the base. A drill bit is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing tube. The lower support plate has a insertion slot that can be inserted into the upper end of the fixing tube. The base is provided with a driving component for simultaneously driving the multiple sets of fixing tubes to rotate and controlling the lifting state of the drill bit. The driving component drives the fixing tube to rotate and move down to insert into the ground, thereby fixing the base and releasing the insertion state of the fixing tube and the insertion slot, so that the lower support plate can rotate around the fixing axis.

[0015] The limiting mechanism includes multiple sets of steel wire ropes installed on the lower support plate. The driving component is used to drive one end of the steel wire rope to be wound and straightened during operation, so that when the fixed tube is disengaged from the insertion slot, the lower support plate is driven to rotate and fit against the inner wall of the pit. The fixed frame is provided with a first limiting component for automatically limiting the position of the fixed shaft.

[0016] Preferably, the driving component includes a drive shaft rotatably connected to the base, with multiple sets of first worm gears uniformly fixedly connected to the drive shaft; multiple sets of first worm wheel rings respectively meshing with the first worm gears are rotatably connected to the base, and multiple sets of driving blocks are uniformly fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first worm wheel rings.

[0017] The outer wall of the fixed tube is evenly provided with multiple sets of drive grooves that can slide and connect with the drive block in the vertical direction. The fixed tube passes through the first worm gear ring and is movably sleeved with the inner wall of the first worm gear ring. The insertion groove is provided with a lifting component for controlling the fixed tube to rise and fall when the fixed tube rotates.

[0018] The lifting component includes a first threaded rod fixedly installed in the insertion slot, the first threaded rod being threadedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube, and a first spring fixedly connected to the upper side of the first worm gear ring and fixedly connected to the fixed tube; the fixing mechanism also includes a second worm gear rotatably connected to the base, and a second worm gear ring meshing with the second worm gear is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the drive shaft; the outer wall of the fixed tube is provided with a threaded groove.

[0019] Preferably, the limiting mechanism further includes a sliding plate fixedly installed at one end of the wire rope, a device groove is provided in the lower support plate, and the sliding plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the device groove; a tension spring is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding plate away from the wire rope and fixedly connected to the device groove; the wire rope passes through the lower support plate and the base and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower support plate and the base; the driving component is used to wind up one end of the wire rope; and a fixing component is provided in the device groove for limiting the position of the sliding plate.

[0020] The first limiting member includes multiple sets of helical tooth blocks that are slidably connected to the fixed frame. One end of each helical tooth block is fixedly connected to a second spring that is fixedly connected to the fixed frame. Multiple sets of helical tooth grooves that can be unidirectionally engaged with the helical tooth blocks are evenly opened on the outer wall of the fixed shaft. A drive ring is rotatably connected to the side of the fixed frame. Multiple sets of arc-shaped grooves are evenly opened on the drive ring. A drive rod that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove is fixedly connected to the side of the helical tooth block. A transmission wheel that is rotatably connected to the side of the base and is in drive contact with both the drive shaft and the outer wall of the drive ring is rotatably connected to the base.

[0021] The fixing component includes a limiting plate that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the device groove. A second threaded rod that is threadedly connected to the side of the lower support plate is rotatably connected to the limiting plate. Multiple sets of triangular grooves are evenly opened on the side of the limiting plate (32).

[0022] The drive unit also includes a winding reel fixedly mounted on the drive shaft, and the end of the wire rope away from the sliding plate is fixedly connected to the side of the winding reel.

[0023] Preferably, the monitoring and control room includes a control room enclosure, which is made of a container house, and hoisting steel components are provided around the control room enclosure;

[0024] The control room contains a monitoring computer and a power supply mechanism, a soil moisture signal receiver controller, and a vibration offset signal receiver controller connected to the monitoring computer. The soil moisture monitoring mechanism transmits signals to the soil moisture signal receiver controller via lines. The pipe position limit component and the camera mechanism are connected to the vibration offset signal receiver controller via lines.

[0025] Preferably, the upper support plate is rectangular in shape, and the upper support plate can be a solid wooden board or a hollow steel shell plate;

[0026] The bottom end face of the upper support plate is provided with a support positioning groove. The cross-section of the support positioning groove is inverted trapezoidal. The upper end of the bottom adaptive support device is provided with a strip-shaped support positioning block. The cross-section of the support positioning block is trapezoidal. The support positioning block is connected to the upper end face of the bottom adaptive support device by bolts.

[0027] The upper support plate is inserted laterally into the upper end of the support positioning block through the support positioning groove and then connected to the bottom adaptive support device.

[0028] Preferably, the bottom support frame includes a bottom support frame and an upper support plate. The bottom support frame is a rectangular steel plate frame, and the upper support plate is welded to the bottom support frame. The lower end of the side support steel plate is connected to the upper support plate by bolts.

[0029] Several support partitions are installed inside the upper support plate. After the bottom self-adaptive support device is placed inside the upper support plate, it is limited by the support partitions.

[0030] The first cross brace is a rectangular steel pipe. Each first cross brace has four positioning holes on its front and rear ends. One first cross brace is connected to two bottom adaptive support devices through bolts in the positioning holes of the first cross brace.

[0031] Two second cross bracing tube positioning holes are provided in the upper and lower end faces of each first cross bracing tube, and a vertical reinforcing tube is connected in each second cross bracing tube positioning hole.

[0032] Preferably, the vertical reinforcing tube is cylindrical, and both the bottom outer surface and the upper inner surface of the vertical reinforcing tube are threaded. The lower part of the vertical reinforcing tube is spirally connected in the positioning hole of the second cross brace tube and then fixed by a nut. Two adjacent vertical reinforcing tubes are spirally connected.

[0033] The outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube is provided with threads, and the vertical reinforcing tube is provided with a positioning hole for the first vertical tube. The outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube is inserted into the positioning hole of the first vertical tube and then fixed by bolts.

[0034] The inner end of the first longitudinal insertion tube is tapered, and the surface of the first longitudinal insertion tube is provided with multiple second vertical tube water permeable holes. The moisture detection sensor component is installed in the first longitudinal insertion tube inside the second vertical tube water permeable holes.

[0035] Preferably, the moisture detection sensing component includes a soil moisture sensor, and a rubber plug is connected to the end of the soil moisture sensor. After the soil moisture sensor is pressed against the inner end of the conical first longitudinal insertion tube by the rubber plug, the rubber plug is connected to the first longitudinal insertion tube by glue.

[0036] The first sensing circuit assembly includes a first circuit disposed in the first longitudinal insertion tube and a second circuit disposed in the vertical reinforcing tube. One end of the first circuit is connected to the soil moisture sensor, and the other end passes through the outer wall of the outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube and is connected to the first circuit adapter.

[0037] The lower end of the second line passes through the outer wall of the lower end of the vertical reinforcing tube and is connected to a second circuit adapter socket. The first circuit adapter is connected to the second circuit adapter socket and then wrapped with waterproof tape. The upper end of the second line passes through the vertical reinforcing tube and is connected to the main signal line.

[0038] The tube body position limiting component includes a digital knob encoder and a rotating baffle. The digital knob encoder is bolted to the first cross brace tube through an encoder base. The upper rotating shaft of the digital knob encoder is connected to one end of the rotating baffle. The other end of the rotating baffle is connected to the adjacent bottom adaptive support device through a snap fastener. The digital knob encoder is connected to a third circuit, which is connected to a second circuit adapter socket through a third circuit adapter plug.

[0039] The camera setup includes multiple cameras installed around the foundation pit, and the cameras are connected to the monitoring and control room via a main signal line.

[0040] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for the reusable construction of foundation pit support.

[0041] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0042] A method for reusable construction of foundation pit support, employing the reusable prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, specifically includes the following:

[0043] Step S1: Allocate a transport vehicle with a high-sided cargo box, install small lifting equipment or rent a forklift on the transport vehicle, use the small lifting equipment or forklift to hoist the collected bottom adaptive support device, upper support plate and side support mechanism onto the transport vehicle, and then transport them to the material storage area on one side of the foundation pit construction site.

[0044] Step S2: Install prefabricated track components around the foundation pit and install small lifting equipment on the track components. When supporting the foundation pit, transport the bottom adaptive support device and bottom support frame to the track components using a small transport vehicle. After using the small lifting equipment to pull up the pull ring, install the bottom support frame.

[0045] Step S3: Use a small lifting device to install the bottom adaptive support device onto the bottom support frame and make adaptation adjustments; when installing the bottom adaptive support device, rotate the second worm gear with a tool, and the drill bit in the bottom adaptive support device is gradually inserted into the ground for fixation until the fixing pipe is completely unsleeved off from the first threaded rod. At this time, the fixing pipe is released from the insertion state of the insertion slot, and the fixing pipe is fixed to the ground.

[0046] Step S4, then install the upper support plate; the top of the upper support plate is also equipped with a support positioning block. When the depth of the foundation pit is too deep, the upper support plate is stacked on top of the installed upper support plate to meet the support height requirements. At the same time, the number of vertical reinforcing pipes is increased accordingly to fix the upper support plate. At this time, the installation of a single bottom adaptive support device and the upper support plate is completed.

[0047] Step S5, repeat steps S3 and S4 to complete the installation of the two bottom adaptive support devices. Install a set of side support mechanisms between the two bottom adaptive support devices. If the pit depth exceeds 6 meters, set structural reinforcing ribs between the two adjacent side support mechanisms. The structural reinforcing ribs are rectangular wooden boards or strip steel bars.

[0048] Step S6: Complete the support of the single-sided foundation pit in sequence; when installing the side support mechanism, select one side support mechanism from every four to six groups to install the soil moisture monitoring mechanism and the pipe position limiting component.

[0049] Step S7: Repeat steps S2-S6 to complete the support construction around the foundation pit. Transport the monitoring and control room to the outside of the foundation pit and fix its position with ground bolts. Install camera devices around the foundation pit.

[0050] Step S8: Power on the lines of the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit. The monitoring control room performs preliminary debugging on the data transmitted by the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit, and records their initial values.

[0051] Step S9: When the data from the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit detected in the monitoring and control room are abnormal compared with the initial values, an early warning of data abnormality is immediately issued and the construction personnel are notified. After receiving the warning, the construction personnel need to conduct an on-site inspection in a timely manner and determine whether it is necessary to reinforce the foundation pit support structure.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0053] 1. The present invention designs a novel bottom adaptive support device, which solves the problems of cumbersome support operation, inconvenience of recycling and reuse, and difficulty in adaptive fitting support to the slope of the deep pit wall when using existing foundation pit support structures. The drill bit of the support device is gradually inserted into the ground for fixation until the fixing pipe is completely unsleeved from the first threaded rod. At this time, the fixing pipe is released from the insertion slot and the fixing pipe is fixed to the ground. The operation is simple and the positioning is more secure.

[0054] 2. The bottom adaptive support device provided by this invention, when the slope soil tends to push the lower support plate into the deep pit, firstly, prevents the lower support plate from rotating by the tension of the wire rope, and secondly, limits the inclined tooth groove by the inclined tooth block in one direction, so that after the lower support plate deflects at a set angle, the inclined tooth groove is completely locked by the inclined tooth block, and the fixed shaft cannot continue to rotate on the fixed frame, thus achieving double limiting of the angle of the lower support plate and improving the support stability.

[0055] 3. The bottom adaptive support device provided by the present invention, when it is necessary to release the support state, firstly rotates the second threaded rod in the opposite direction to release the compression state between the limiting plate and the sliding plate, then rotates the second worm gear in the opposite direction, the fixed tube is threadedly connected to the first threaded rod and gradually inserted into the insertion slot to complete the limiting of the lower support plate, and finally ensures that the lower support plate and the base are as a whole, which is convenient for later hoisting and use.

[0056] 4. The support system provided in this invention is not only easy to install and provides strong support, but also simple to install and unload as a whole.

[0057] 5. The support system in this invention plays an auxiliary monitoring role in the safety of foundation pit support through moisture monitoring and position offset monitoring. It avoids situations where safety problems occur when the construction safety officer cannot accurately or timely observe the foundation pit support during inspections, thereby improving the safety factor of foundation pit support safety monitoring at night or in rainy weather. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the bottom adaptive support device;

[0059] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main side structure of the bottom adaptive support device;

[0060] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the fixing mechanism in the bottom adaptive support device;

[0061] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of region A in the middle;

[0062] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the limiting mechanism of the bottom adaptive support device;

[0063] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of region B in the middle;

[0064] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of region C;

[0065] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the bottom adaptive support device drive component;

[0066] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of region D in the middle;

[0067] Figure 10 A partial structural diagram of the first limiting component in the bottom adaptive support device;

[0068] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of a portion of the fixing mechanism in the bottom adaptive support device.

[0069] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the overall construction of a prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusability.

[0070] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structural location of the side support mechanism.

[0071] Figure 14 This is a structural diagram of the bottom support frame.

[0072] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structural location of a soil moisture monitoring facility. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-11 The contents disclosed in this embodiment are as follows:

[0075] Please see Figures 1-11The present invention provides a technical solution: a bottom adaptive support device, including a base 1, a lower support plate 2, a fixing mechanism 5 and a limiting mechanism 10. Two sets of fixing frames 3 are fixedly connected to the base 1. Two sets of fixing shafts 4 are fixedly connected to the lower support plate 2 and are respectively rotatably connected to the fixing frames 3 on both sides. The fixing mechanism 5 includes multiple sets of fixing tubes 6 installed on the base 1. The outer wall of the fixing tube 6 is provided with a threaded groove 38. A drill bit 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing tube 6. The lower support plate 2 is provided with an insertion groove 8 that can be inserted into the upper end of the fixing tube 6.

[0076] The base 1 is equipped with a drive unit 9 for simultaneously rotating multiple sets of fixed pipes 6 and controlling the lifting and lowering state of the drill bit 7. The drive unit 9 drives the fixed pipes 6 to rotate and move down to insert into the ground, thereby fixing the base 1 and simultaneously releasing the connection between the fixed pipes 6 and the insertion slots 8, so that the lower support plate 2 can rotate around the fixed shaft 4. The limiting mechanism 10 includes multiple sets of steel wire ropes 11 installed on the lower support plate 2. The drive unit 9 is used to drive one end of the steel wire ropes 11 to wind and straighten during operation, so that when the fixed pipes 6 and the insertion slots 8 are released from the insertion, the lower support plate 2 is driven to rotate and fit against the inner wall of the pit. The fixing frame 3 is equipped with a first limiting member 12 for automatically limiting the position of the fixed shaft 4.

[0077] The driving component 9 includes a driving shaft 13 rotatably connected to the base 1. Multiple sets of first worm gears 14 are uniformly fixedly connected to the driving shaft 13. Multiple sets of first worm gear rings 15, which mesh with the first worm gears 14 respectively, are rotatably connected to the base 1. Multiple sets of driving blocks 16 are uniformly fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first worm gear ring 15. Multiple sets of driving grooves 17, which can slide and connect with the driving blocks 16 in the vertical direction, are uniformly opened on the outer wall of the fixed tube 6. The fixed tube 6 passes through the first worm gear ring 15 and is movably sleeved with the inner wall of the first worm gear ring 15. A lifting component 18 is provided in the insertion groove 8 for controlling the lifting and lowering of the fixed tube 6 when it rotates.

[0078] The lifting component 18 includes a first threaded rod 19 fixedly installed in the insertion slot 8. The first threaded rod 19 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube 6. A first spring 20, which is fixedly connected to the fixed tube 6, is fixedly connected to the upper side of the first worm gear ring 15.

[0079] The limiting mechanism 10 also includes a sliding plate 21 fixedly installed at one end of the wire rope 11. A device groove 22 is provided in the lower support plate 2. The sliding plate 21 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the device groove 22. A tension spring 23 is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding plate 21 away from the wire rope 11 and is fixedly connected to the device groove 22. The wire rope 11 passes through the lower support plate 2 and the base 1 and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower support plate 2 and the base 1. The driving member 9 is used to wind up one end of the wire rope 11. A fixing member 24 is provided in the device groove 22 to limit the position of the sliding plate 21.

[0080] The first limiting member 12 includes multiple sets of helical tooth blocks 25 that are slidably connected to the fixed frame 3. One end of the helical tooth block 25 is fixedly connected to a second spring 26 that is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 3. Multiple sets of helical tooth grooves 27 that can be unidirectionally engaged with the helical tooth blocks 25 are evenly opened on the outer wall of the fixed shaft 4. A drive ring 28 is rotatably connected to the side of the fixed frame 3. Multiple sets of arc grooves 29 are evenly opened on the drive ring 28. A drive rod 30 that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc groove 29 is fixedly connected to the side of the helical tooth block 25. A transmission wheel 31 that is rotatably connected to the side of the base 1 and is in drive contact with both the drive shaft 13 and the outer wall of the drive ring 28.

[0081] The fixing member 24 includes a limiting plate 32 that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the device groove 22. A second threaded rod 33 that is threadedly connected to the side of the lower support plate 2 is rotatably connected to the limiting plate 32. Multiple sets of triangular grooves 34 are evenly opened on the side of the limiting plate 32.

[0082] The fixing mechanism 5 also includes a second worm gear 36 rotatably connected to the base 1. A second worm wheel ring 37 meshing with the second worm gear 36 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the drive shaft 13. The drive component 9 also includes a winding reel 35 fixedly installed on the drive shaft 13. One end of the wire rope 11 away from the sliding plate 21 is fixedly connected to the side of the winding reel 35.

[0083] Example 2, based on the disclosure in Example 1, further discloses the following:

[0084] In this embodiment, the base 1 and the lower support plate 2 are hoisted together to the bottom of the pit sidewall. One side of the wire rope 11 faces the pit sidewall. The second worm 36 is rotated by a tool, which drives the second worm wheel ring 37 to rotate the drive shaft 13. The drive shaft 13 drives the winding reel 35 and the first worm 14 to rotate. The first worm 14 drives the first worm wheel ring 15 to rotate, which in turn drives the drive groove 17 through the drive block 16 to rotate the fixed pipe 6. At this time, the fixed pipe 6 will gradually rotate downward from the first threaded rod 19, and the drill bit 7 below will gradually be inserted into the ground for fixation. At the same time, the first spring 20 will gradually compress until the fixed pipe 6 is completely disengaged from the first threaded rod 19. At this time, the fixed pipe 6 is released from the insertion groove 8, and the fixed pipe 6 is fixed to the ground. The second worm 36 drives the second worm wheel ring 37 to rotate the drive shaft 13, which achieves the limitation of the drive shaft 13 and avoids the rotation of the drive shaft 13 from affecting the stability of the device.

[0085] When the drive shaft 13 drives the winding reel 35 to rotate, the wire rope 11 will be gradually wound up. One end of the wire rope 11 will gradually pull the sliding plate 21 down, and the tension spring 23 will be stretched. When the fixed tube 6 is released from the insertion state with the insertion slot 8, the lower support plate 2 can rotate around the fixed shaft 4. At this time, the wire rope 11 is pulled, so that the lower support plate 2 tilts and fits to one side of the slope, realizing adaptive fitting to the inner wall of the pit with different slopes. During the fitting process, the oblique tooth groove 27 on the surface of the fixed shaft 4 will fit and slide with the tip of the oblique tooth block 25 until the fitting is completed.

[0086] By rotating the second threaded rod 33, the limiting plate 32 is pushed towards the sliding plate 21, so that the triangular groove 34 limits the position of the sliding plate 21. At this time, the wire rope 11 is in a taut state. When the slope soil tends to push the lower support plate 2 into the pit, firstly, the tension of the wire rope 11 prevents the lower support plate 2 from rotating, and secondly, the unidirectional limiting of the inclined tooth groove 27 by the inclined tooth block 25 makes the inclined tooth groove 27 completely jammed by the inclined tooth block 25 after the lower support plate 2 deflects at a set angle. The fixed shaft 4 cannot continue to rotate on the fixed frame 3, thus achieving double limiting of the angle of the lower support plate 2 and improving the stability of the support.

[0087] When it is necessary to release the support, first rotate the second threaded rod 33 in the reverse direction to release the compression between the limiting plate 32 and the sliding plate 21. Then rotate the second worm gear 36 in the reverse direction, which will cause the drive shaft 13 to rotate in the reverse direction, driving the first worm gear ring 15 to rotate in the reverse direction. At this time, since the lower support plate 2 is in an inclined state, the upper end of the fixed pipe 6 cannot move up to insert into the insertion slot 8. At this time, the fixed pipe 6 will rotate inside the soil layer and has an upward tendency. The winding reel 35 will first loosen the wire rope 11, and the tension spring 23 will pull the sliding plate 21 upward until the wire rope 11 is no longer in a taut state. At the same time, the rotation of the drive shaft 13 will... The drive wheel 31 drives the drive ring 28 to rotate, and the drive rod 30 slides away from the fixed shaft 4 through the arc groove 29, thereby releasing the engagement of the helical tooth block 25 with the helical tooth groove 27. The second spring 26 is compressed, and the lower support plate 2 can be rotated to a vertical position. Continuing to rotate the drive shaft 13, the fixed tube 6 is gradually pushed upward under the rebound action of the first spring 20. The fixed tube 6 is threadedly connected to the first threaded rod 19 and gradually inserted into the insertion groove 8 to complete the limiting of the lower support plate 2. Finally, it ensures that the lower support plate 2 and the base 1 are as a whole, which is convenient for later hoisting and use.

[0088] It is worth noting that the friction on the surface of the transmission wheel 31 is only used to synchronously drive the drive ring 28 to rotate at a set angle when the drive shaft 13 rotates. When the drive ring 28 can no longer rotate, the rotation state of the drive shaft 13 and the transmission wheel 31 will not be affected. Only the friction during the rotation process will be a little greater, but it will not affect the rotation operation.

[0089] The bottom adaptive support device provided by this invention solves the problems of cumbersome support operation, inconvenience in recycling and reuse, and difficulty in adaptively fitting the slope of the deep pit inner wall when using existing foundation pit support structures. The base and lower support plate are hoisted as a whole to the bottom of the deep pit sidewall. With one side of the wire rope facing the deep pit sidewall, the second worm is rotated by a tool, which drives the second worm wheel ring to rotate the drive shaft. The drive shaft drives the winding reel and the first worm to rotate. The first worm drives the first worm wheel ring to rotate, which in turn drives the drive slot through the drive block to rotate the fixed pipe. At this time, the fixed pipe will gradually rotate downward from the first threaded rod, and the drill bit below will gradually insert into the ground for fixation until the fixed pipe is completely disengaged from the first threaded rod. At this time, the fixed pipe is released from the insertion slot, and the fixed pipe is fixed to the ground.

[0090] The bottom adaptive support device provided by this invention, when the drive shaft drives the winding reel to rotate, gradually winds up the wire rope. One end of the wire rope gradually pulls the sliding plate downward, stretching the tension spring. When the fixed pipe is released from the insertion slot, the lower support plate can rotate around the fixed shaft, causing the lower support plate to tilt and fit against the slope side, achieving adaptive fitting to the inner wall of pits with different slopes. During the fitting process, the oblique tooth groove on the surface of the fixed shaft will slide and fit against the tip of the oblique tooth block until the fitting is completed. The second threaded rod pushes the limiting plate towards the sliding plate, causing the triangular groove to limit the position of the sliding plate. At this time, the wire rope is taut. When the slope soil tends to push the lower support plate into the pit, firstly, the tension of the wire rope prevents the lower support plate from rotating, and secondly, the unidirectional limiting of the inclined tooth groove by the inclined tooth block ensures that the inclined tooth groove is completely jammed by the inclined tooth block after the lower support plate deflects at a set angle. The fixed shaft cannot continue to rotate on the fixed frame, thus achieving double limiting of the angle of the lower support plate and improving the stability of the support.

[0091] The bottom adaptive support device provided by this invention, when the support state needs to be released, firstly, the second threaded rod is rotated in the opposite direction to release the compression state between the limiting plate and the sliding plate. Then, the second worm is rotated in the opposite direction, which drives the first worm wheel ring to rotate in the opposite direction. At this time, the fixed pipe will rotate inside the soil layer and has an upward tendency. The winding reel first loosens the wire rope, and the tension spring pulls the sliding plate upward until the wire rope is no longer taut. At the same time, the rotation of the drive shaft will drive the transmission wheel to rotate the drive ring. Through the arc groove, the drive rod is driven to slide away from the fixed shaft, thereby releasing the helical tooth block from the helical tooth groove. At this time, the lower support plate can be rotated to a vertical state. Continuing to rotate the drive shaft, under the rebound action of the first spring, the fixed pipe is gradually pushed upward. The fixed pipe is threadedly connected to the first threaded rod and gradually inserted into the insertion groove to complete the limiting of the lower support plate. Finally, it ensures that the lower support plate and the base are as a whole, which is convenient for later hoisting and use.

[0092] Example 3: Based on the above examples, this example further discloses the following:

[0093] Combination Figures 1 to 15 This embodiment discloses a prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusability, including a monitoring control room and multiple sets of single-sided support structures. The monitoring control room includes a control room housing, which is made of shipping containers, and hoisting steel components are installed around the control room housing.

[0094] The control room contains a monitoring computer and a power supply mechanism, a soil moisture signal receiver controller, and a vibration offset signal receiver controller connected to the monitoring computer. The soil moisture monitoring mechanism transmits signals to the soil moisture signal receiver controller via lines. The pipe position limit component and the camera mechanism are connected to the vibration offset signal receiver controller via lines.

[0095] The single-sided support structure is equipped with a soil moisture monitoring mechanism 39 and a vibration offset monitoring mechanism 40. The single-sided support structure is installed on the inner wall of the foundation pit.

[0096] The single-sided support system includes a bottom adaptive support device, an upper support plate 41, and a side support mechanism 42. Each bottom adaptive support device is provided with at least one upper support plate 41, and multiple bottom adaptive support devices are arranged linearly on the inner side of the lower part of the pit.

[0097] Two to four bottom adaptive support devices are matched with one bottom support frame 43. The end of the bottom support frame 43 is vertically connected to a side support steel plate 44. The upper end of the side support steel plate 44 extends to the top of the pit and is connected to a pull ring 45. Two sets of bottom adaptive support devices are matched with one set of side support mechanisms 42.

[0098] The side support mechanism 42 includes a first horizontal support tube 421 and a vertical support assembly. The first horizontal support tube 421 is connected to the outer wall of the two bottom adaptive support devices and fixed with bolts. The two vertical support assemblies are respectively installed on the left and right ends of the first horizontal support tube 421.

[0099] The vertical support assembly includes at least one vertical reinforcing tube 422, and the upper part of the vertical reinforcing tube 422 is longitudinally connected to a first longitudinal insertion tube 423. The inner end of the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 passes through the upper support plate and is screwed into the inner wall of the pit side.

[0100] The vibration offset monitoring mechanism 40 includes a pipe position limiting component 401 and a camera mechanism set around the foundation pit. The pipe position limiting component 401 is set at the upper middle part of the first cross support pipe 421.

[0101] The soil moisture monitoring mechanism 39 includes a moisture detection sensor component, which is disposed inside the inner end of the first longitudinal insertion pipe. The moisture detection sensor component is connected to the power supply of the monitoring control room through a first sensor circuit component disposed in the side support mechanism.

[0102] Example 4: Based on the above examples, this example further discloses the following:

[0103] The upper support plate 41 is rectangular in shape and can be a solid wooden board or a hollow steel shell plate.

[0104] The bottom end face of the upper support plate 41 is provided with a support positioning groove 411. The cross-section of the support positioning groove 411 is in the shape of an inverted trapezoid. The upper end of the bottom adaptive support device is provided with a strip-shaped support positioning block 412. The cross-section of the support positioning block 412 is in the shape of a trapezoid. The support positioning block 412 is connected to the upper end face of the bottom adaptive support device by bolts.

[0105] The upper support plate 41 is inserted laterally into the upper end of the support positioning block 412 through the support positioning groove 411 and then connected to the bottom adaptive support device.

[0106] The bottom support frame 43 includes a bottom support frame 431 and an upper support plate 432. The bottom support frame 431 is a rectangular steel plate frame. The upper support plate 432 is welded to the bottom support frame 431. The lower end of the side support steel plate 44 is connected to the upper support plate 432 by bolts.

[0107] Several supporting partitions 433 are provided inside the upper supporting plate 432. After the bottom adaptive support device is placed inside the upper supporting plate 432, it is limited by the supporting partitions 433.

[0108] The first cross bracing tube 421 is a rectangular steel tube. Each first cross bracing tube 421 has four first cross bracing tube positioning holes in its front and rear end faces. One first cross bracing tube 421 is connected to two bottom adaptive support devices through bolts in the first cross bracing tube positioning holes.

[0109] Two second cross bracing tube positioning holes are provided in the upper and lower end faces of each first cross bracing tube 421, and a vertical reinforcing tube 422 is connected in each second cross bracing tube positioning hole.

[0110] The vertical reinforcing tube 422 is cylindrical, with threads on both its bottom outer surface and top inner surface. The lower radius of the vertical reinforcing tube 422 is slightly smaller for easier installation. The lower part of the vertical reinforcing tube 422 is spirally connected to the positioning hole of the second cross brace tube and then secured with a nut. Adjacent vertical reinforcing tubes 422 are spirally connected top and bottom.

[0111] The outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 is provided with threads, and the vertical reinforcing tube 422 is provided with a positioning hole for the first vertical tube. The outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 is inserted into the positioning hole of the first vertical tube and then fixed by bolts.

[0112] The inner end of the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 is tapered, and the surface of the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 is provided with a plurality of second vertical pipe water permeable holes. The moisture detection sensor component is installed in the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 inside the second vertical pipe water permeable holes.

[0113] Example 5: Based on the above examples, this example further discloses the following:

[0114] The moisture detection sensing component includes a soil moisture sensor 391, with a rubber plug 392 connected to the end of the soil moisture sensor 391. After the soil moisture sensor 391 is pressed against the inner end of the conical first longitudinal insertion tube 423 by the rubber plug 392, the rubber plug 392 is connected to the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 by glue. When the soil moisture sensor 391 is damaged and needs to be disassembled, it is only necessary to use a thin steel bar to push the rubber plug 392 into the outer wide opening through the narrow opening of the inner end of the first longitudinal insertion tube 423, so that the rubber plug 392 and the soil moisture sensor 391 can be replaced.

[0115] The first sensing circuit assembly includes a first line 394 disposed in the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 and a second line 395 disposed in the vertical reinforcing tube. One end of the first line 394 is connected to the soil moisture sensor 391, and the other end passes through the outer wall of the outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube 423 and is connected to the first circuit adapter 396.

[0116] The lower end of the second line 395 passes through the outer wall of the lower end of the vertical reinforcing tube and is connected to the second circuit adapter socket 397. The first circuit adapter 396 is connected to the second circuit adapter socket 393 and then wrapped with waterproof tape. The upper end of the second line 395 passes through the vertical reinforcing tube and is connected to the main signal line.

[0117] The pipe position limiting component includes a digital rotary encoder 402 and a rotating baffle 403. The digital rotary encoder 402 is bolted to the first cross brace pipe via an encoder base. The upper rotating shaft of the digital rotary encoder 402 is connected to one end of the rotating baffle 403. The other end of the rotating baffle 403 is connected to the adjacent bottom adaptive support device via a snap fastener. When the bottom adaptive support device shifts longitudinally, the end of the rotating baffle 403 will move. After the bottom adaptive support device moves longitudinally, the rotating baffle 403 will rotate longitudinally. The rotation angle is obtained by the digital rotary encoder 402, thereby determining whether there is a risk of longitudinal movement of the bottom adaptive support device, and thus determining whether there is a risk of longitudinal collapse of the bottom adaptive support device.

[0118] The digital rotary encoder 402 is connected to a third circuit, which is connected to the second circuit adapter socket 397 via a third circuit adapter plug.

[0119] The camera setup includes multiple cameras installed around the foundation pit, and the cameras are connected to the monitoring and control room via a main signal line.

[0120] Example 6: Based on the above examples, this example further discloses the following:

[0121] A method for reusable construction of foundation pit support, employing the reusable prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, specifically includes the following:

[0122] Step S1: Allocate a transport vehicle with a high-sided cargo box, install small lifting equipment or rent a forklift on the transport vehicle, use the small lifting equipment or forklift to hoist the collected bottom adaptive support device, upper support plate and side support mechanism onto the transport vehicle, and then transport them to the material storage area of ​​the foundation pit construction site.

[0123] Step S2: Install prefabricated track components around the foundation pit and install small lifting equipment on the track components. When supporting the foundation pit, transport the bottom adaptive support device and bottom support frame to the track components using a small transport vehicle. After using the small lifting equipment to pull up the pull ring parts, install the bottom support frame in sequence.

[0124] Step S3: Use a small lifting device to install the bottom adaptive support device onto the bottom support frame and make adaptation adjustments; after installing the bottom adaptive support device, rotate the second worm gear with a tool, and the drill bit in the bottom adaptive support device is gradually inserted into the ground for fixation until the fixing pipe is completely unsleeved from the first threaded rod. At this time, the fixing pipe is released from the insertion state of the insertion slot, and the fixing pipe is fixed to the ground.

[0125] Step S4, then install the upper support plate; the top of the upper support plate is also equipped with a support positioning block. When the depth of the foundation pit is too deep, an upper support plate can be stacked on top of the installed upper support plate to meet the support height requirements. At the same time, the number of vertical reinforcing pipes is increased accordingly to fix the upper support plate. At this time, the installation of a single bottom adaptive support device and the upper support plate is completed.

[0126] Step S5, repeat steps S3 and S4 to complete the installation of the two bottom adaptive support devices, and install a set of side support mechanisms between the two adjacent bottom adaptive support devices;

[0127] Step S6: Complete the support of the single-sided foundation pit in sequence; when installing the side support mechanism, install the soil moisture monitoring mechanism and the pipe position limiting component in every 4-6 groups of side support mechanisms;

[0128] Step S7, then repeat steps S2-S6 to complete the support construction around the foundation pit, then transport the monitoring and control room to the outside of the foundation pit and install the camera mechanism;

[0129] Step S8: Power on the lines of the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit, and the monitoring control room performs preliminary debugging of the data transmitted by the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit.

[0130] Step S9: When abnormal data is detected in the soil moisture monitoring unit and vibration offset monitoring unit in the monitoring and control room, an early warning of data abnormality is immediately issued and the construction personnel are notified. After receiving the warning, the construction personnel need to perform regular maintenance in a timely manner.

[0131] Example 6: Based on the above examples, this example further discloses the following:

[0132] Example Project Name: Support and Monitoring Engineering for the Foundation Pit of the Underground Two-Level Garage of a Plaza Project in the Central District of a City.

[0133] 1. Project Background and Requirements

[0134] Located in the core area of ​​a city, the project involves the construction of a commercial complex. The work requires the excavation of a foundation pit approximately 120 meters long, 80 meters wide, and 8.5 meters deep for the construction of an underground parking garage. The site soil is primarily silty clay with a high groundwater level. The foundation pit is adjacent to a main urban road on the east side and only 15 meters from an old residential building on the west side. To ensure the safety of the foundation pit construction, prevent instability of the support structure, and avoid impacts on roads and buildings due to surrounding soil slippage or excessive settlement, and in response to the call for green construction and resource conservation, this project has decided to adopt a "reusable prefabricated foundation pit support and monitoring system." This system not only provides reliable support but also monitors the foundation pit's condition in real time. Furthermore, all major components are disassembled and reusable for the next project, significantly saving materials and costs.

[0135] 2. System component arrival and inspection

[0136] Prior to construction, all system components were prefabricated in a specialized factory and transported to the on-site material storage area. Components include: a monitoring and control room (container type): one unit, which integrates a monitoring computer, power supply unit, signal receiving controller, etc.

[0137] The components include the following: Bottom adaptive support device: approximately 200 sets, each set including a base, lower support plate, built-in drive shaft, worm gear mechanism, fixing pipe (with drill bit), wire rope, etc. Upper support plate (hollow steel shell): 400 pieces, standard size, with an inverted trapezoidal groove on the bottom. Side support mechanism assembly: including the first horizontal brace pipe, vertical reinforcing pipe, first longitudinal insertion pipe, and several connecting bolts. Bottom support frame and pull ring system: used for initial positioning and overall stability of the pit bottom. Monitoring elements: soil moisture sensor, digital rotary encoder, rotating baffle, camera, and related wiring.

[0138] The technicians checked the specifications, quantity, and integrity of all components and conducted a preliminary power-on test on the monitoring sensors to ensure they were functioning properly.

[0139] 3. Phased installation and integration implementation.

[0140] Step 1: Measurement and Track Installation. Technicians meticulously measured and laid out the perimeter of the foundation pit according to the design drawings. Subsequently, pre-designed prefabricated lightweight tracks were installed around the perimeter of the pit. Movable small lifting equipment (such as a simple gantry crane) was mounted on the tracks, facilitating the precise hoisting and positioning of subsequent components.

[0141] Step Two: Installation of the Pit Bottom Support System. Construction begins at the middle of the long side of the pit. First, a crane lifts the first bottom support frame to the predetermined position at the bottom of the pit using the pull rings on the support frame. The bottom support frame is a steel frame, internally divided into several compartments by support partitions. After adjusting the bottom support frame to be level, the construction workers then attach pull rings to the top of the side support steel plates at its upper end, and connect the pull rings to the ground anchors at the top of the pit using steel wire ropes, initially stabilizing the support frame. This process is repeated, with a bottom support frame installed at regular intervals along the edge of the pit (to accommodate 2-4 bottom support devices).

[0142] Step 3: Installation and adaptive adjustment of the bottom adaptive support device. This is the core innovative step of this system. The crane lifts the first bottom adaptive support device into the designated slot on the bottom support frame. At this point, the lower support plate of the device is basically on the same plane as the base (transportation state).

[0143] To fix the bottom of the foundation pit: Construction workers use a special tool (such as a socket wrench) to rotate the second worm gear exposed on the side of the device. Through worm gear transmission, this drives the drive shaft to rotate. The first worm gear on the drive shaft drives the first worm wheel ring, which meshes with it, to rotate. The drive block on the inner wall of the first worm wheel ring engages with the drive groove on the outer wall of the fixing pipe. Due to the screwing action of the first threaded rod, the rotation of the first worm wheel ring forces the fixing pipe to screw downwards, while the drill bit at its bottom forcefully drills into the soil at the bottom of the foundation pit. During this process, the first spring is compressed.

[0144] Triggering the adaptive rotation of the support plate: As the fixed pipe continues to screw into the ground, its top gradually exits completely from the insertion slot of the lower support plate, releasing the lock on the support plate. Simultaneously, the rotation of the drive shaft also drives the winding reel on it to wind up the wire rope. The other end of the wire rope is connected to a sliding plate inside the device slot; the winding force overcomes the tension of the tension spring, pulling the sliding plate. This action is transmitted through the wire rope, applying a torque to the lower support plate, causing it to rotate around the fixed axis.

[0145] Adaptive Fitting Completed: Under the tension of the steel wire rope, the lower support plate begins to rotate towards the pit sidewall. When it rotates to fully fit the pit sidewall soil, the inclined tooth groove on the fixed shaft and the inclined tooth block on the fixed frame, pushed by the second spring, achieve unidirectional locking under the linkage of the transmission wheel and drive ring, thus automatically locking the support plate at this optimal angle. At this point, the drill bit has penetrated deep into the ground and completed anchoring, the support plate is tightly fitted to the pit wall, and the device adaptively transitions from the "transport plate state" to the "working support state." This process perfectly adapts to any minor unevenness that may exist on the pit sidewall.

[0146] Step Four: Superstructure Construction and Lateral Support. Install the upper support plate: On the top of the fixed bottom adaptive support device, align the trapezoidal support positioning block of the upper support plate with the inverted trapezoidal support positioning groove at the bottom of the upper support plate, and push the upper support plate horizontally in and secure it. For an 8.5-meter deep foundation pit, two standard-height upper support plates need to be stacked. When installing the second plate, its bottom groove should also engage with the support positioning block (pre-installed) at the top of the first plate.

[0147] Establish a lateral support network: After two adjacent bottom adaptive support devices (and their upper support plates) are in place, immediately install the lateral support mechanism. Lay the first horizontal brace across the outside of the two support devices and secure it with bolts through the positioning holes of the first horizontal brace. Next, install vertical reinforcing pipes in the positioning holes of the second horizontal brace at both ends of the horizontal brace. Due to the large depth of the pit, multiple sections of vertical reinforcing pipe are installed at each location, connected end-to-end by threads, extending to be flush with the top of the uppermost support plate.

[0148] Longitudinal Anchoring and Integrated Monitoring: A first longitudinal insertion pipe is horizontally screwed into the uppermost vertical reinforcing pipe. An impact device is used to drive the conical section of the inner end of the first longitudinal insertion pipe deeper into the soil of the pit sidewall, forming a strong longitudinal anchor. The soil moisture sensor is pre-installed inside the first longitudinal insertion pipe and sealed with a rubber plug. Its signal line (first line) is connected to the second line inside the vertical reinforcing pipe at the second circuit adapter socket via a first circuit adapter, and is waterproofed. The second line ultimately merges into the main signal line arranged along the pit.

[0149] Vibration offset monitoring points are installed: A pipe position limiting assembly is installed in the middle of the selected first cross brace. The base of the digital rotary encoder is fixed to the cross brace, and its rotating baffle is lightly attached to the surface of the adjacent support device using adhesive clips. The encoder's wiring is also connected to a nearby second circuit adapter socket. Simultaneously, camera mechanisms (high-definition cameras) are installed at the four corners and key locations in the middle of the pit, aimed at the critical parts of the support structure.

[0150] Step 5: System Integration and Debugging. Repeat steps two through four along the perimeter of the foundation pit until the entire support structure is closed. Hoist the monitoring and control room to a safe area next to the foundation pit and secure it. Connect all sensor lines (soil moisture, encoder) and camera signal lines to the corresponding signal receiver controllers in the control room. After powering on, debug the software on the monitoring computer:

[0151] Record the initial moisture value of each soil moisture sensor. Adjust the rotating baffle of each digital rotary encoder to a taut state and record the initial angle encoding value at this point (representing the initial relative position between the support structure and the cross brace). Adjust the camera view to ensure full coverage.

[0152] 4. Examples of Monitoring System Operation and Early Warning

[0153] The system continued to operate for the three months following the excavation and underground structure construction.

[0154] Routine monitoring: The monitoring screen displays soil moisture data and vibration offset code values ​​for each monitoring point in real time, and all data fluctuate within the normal threshold.

[0155] Warning Triggered: Following a period of continuous heavy rainfall, the monitoring system issued an audible and visual alarm. The software interface showed that the data from soil moisture sensor No. 7, located on the west side of the foundation pit (near residential buildings), continued to rise rapidly, far exceeding the warning value; simultaneously, the reading of digital rotary encoder No. 3 in the vicinity showed a slight but continuous change.

[0156] Emergency Response: Monitoring personnel immediately notified the project manager and engineering technicians. Based on camera footage, slight water seepage was observed on the pit walls, but no obvious deformation of the support structure was visible to the naked eye. The technical team determined that rainfall had caused localized soil saturation and increased lateral pressure, posing a potential risk of slippage.

[0157] Handling and Verification: The emergency plan was activated, excavation work below the affected area was suspended, temporary dewatering wells were immediately installed, and sandbags were piled up for counterweight. Continuous system monitoring showed that soil moisture levels gradually decreased after the dewatering, and encoder readings stabilized with a slight rebound, confirming the effectiveness of the measures and successfully mitigating a potential risk. The real-time, quantitative data provided by the system provided crucial information for accurate decision-making.

[0158] 5. Summary of Implementation Examples

[0159] In this project, the prefabricated support monitoring system was successfully applied: Prefabricated construction: All components were installed quickly, like "building blocks," significantly shortening the support construction period by approximately 30%. Adaptive performance: The adaptive adjustment function of the bottom support device ensured close contact between the support plate and the soil, improving the support effect.

[0160] Integrated monitoring: Structural safety monitoring (vibration displacement) and environmental monitoring (soil moisture) are deeply integrated into the support structure, achieving intelligent and proactive safety monitoring. Laying the foundation for reuse: The entire system is designed with bolted connections and standard interfaces, allowing all monitoring components to be disassembled without damage. This lays a solid foundation for dismantling, transporting, and reusing the system at the next construction site after the project is completed, demonstrating significant environmental and economic value.

[0161] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0162] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use, characterized in that, It includes a monitoring and control room and multiple sets of single-sided support structures. The single-sided support structures are installed on the inner wall of the foundation pit, and soil moisture monitoring and vibration offset monitoring mechanisms are connected to the single-sided support structures. The single-sided support system includes a bottom adaptive support device, an upper support plate, and a side support mechanism. Each bottom adaptive support device is equipped with at least one upper support plate, and multiple bottom adaptive support devices are arranged linearly on the inner side of the lower part of the pit. Two to four bottom adaptive support devices are matched with one bottom support frame. The upper end of the bottom support frame is vertically connected to a side support steel plate. The upper end of the side support steel plate extends to the top of the pit and is connected to a pull ring. Two sets of bottom adaptive support devices are matched with one set of side support mechanisms. The side support mechanism includes a first horizontal support tube and a vertical support assembly. The first horizontal support tube is connected laterally to the outer wall of two bottom adaptive support devices and fixed with bolts. The two vertical support assemblies are respectively installed vertically on the left and right ends of the first horizontal support tube. The vertical support assembly includes at least one vertical reinforcing tube. The upper part of the vertical reinforcing tube is longitudinally connected to a first longitudinal insertion tube. The inner end of the first longitudinal insertion tube passes through the upper support plate and is screwed into the inner wall of the pit side. The vibration offset monitoring mechanism includes a pipe position limiting component and a camera mechanism set around the foundation pit. The pipe position limiting component is set at the upper middle part of the first cross brace pipe. The soil moisture monitoring mechanism includes a moisture detection sensor component, which is located inside the inner end of the first longitudinal insertion pipe. The moisture detection sensor component is connected to the power supply of the monitoring control room through a first sensor circuit component located in the side support mechanism.

2. The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom adaptive support device includes a base and a lower support plate. Two sets of fixed frames are fixedly connected to the base, and two sets of fixed shafts are fixedly connected to the lower support plate, which are rotatably connected to the fixed frames on both sides respectively. Also includes: The fixing mechanism includes multiple sets of fixing tubes installed on the base. A drill bit is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixing tube. The lower support plate has a insertion slot that can be inserted into the upper end of the fixing tube. The base is provided with a driving component for simultaneously driving the multiple sets of fixing tubes to rotate and controlling the lifting state of the drill bit. The driving component drives the fixing tube to rotate and move down to insert into the ground, thereby fixing the base and releasing the insertion state of the fixing tube and the insertion slot, so that the lower support plate can rotate around the fixing axis. The limiting mechanism includes multiple sets of steel wire ropes installed on the lower support plate. The driving component is used to drive one end of the steel wire rope to be wound and straightened during operation, so that when the fixed tube is disengaged from the insertion slot, the lower support plate is driven to rotate and fit against the inner wall of the pit. The fixed frame is provided with a first limiting component for automatically limiting the position of the fixed shaft.

3. The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving component includes a drive shaft rotatably connected to the base, with multiple sets of first worm gears uniformly fixedly connected to the drive shaft; multiple sets of first worm wheel rings respectively meshing with the first worm gears are rotatably connected to the base, with multiple sets of driving blocks uniformly fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first worm wheel rings. The outer wall of the fixed tube is evenly provided with multiple sets of drive grooves that can slide and connect with the drive block in the vertical direction. The fixed tube passes through the first worm gear ring and is movably sleeved with the inner wall of the first worm gear ring. The insertion groove is provided with a lifting component for controlling the fixed tube to rise and fall when the fixed tube rotates. The lifting component includes a first threaded rod fixedly installed in the insertion slot, the first threaded rod being threadedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed tube, and a first spring fixedly connected to the upper side of the first worm gear ring and fixedly connected to the fixed tube; the fixing mechanism also includes a second worm gear rotatably connected to the base, and a second worm gear ring meshing with the second worm gear is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the drive shaft; the outer wall of the fixed tube is provided with a threaded groove.

4. The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting mechanism also includes a sliding plate fixedly installed at one end of the wire rope. A device groove is provided in the lower support plate, and the sliding plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the device groove. A tension spring is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding plate away from the wire rope and is fixedly connected to the device groove. The wire rope passes through the lower support plate and the base and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower support plate and the base. The driving component is used to wind up one end of the wire rope. A fixing component is provided in the device groove for limiting the position of the sliding plate. The first limiting member includes multiple sets of helical tooth blocks that are slidably connected to the fixed frame. One end of each helical tooth block is fixedly connected to a second spring that is fixedly connected to the fixed frame. Multiple sets of helical tooth grooves that can be unidirectionally engaged with the helical tooth blocks are evenly opened on the outer wall of the fixed shaft. A drive ring is rotatably connected to the side of the fixed frame. Multiple sets of arc-shaped grooves are evenly opened on the drive ring. A drive rod that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove is fixedly connected to the side of the helical tooth block. A transmission wheel that is rotatably connected to the side of the base and is in drive contact with both the drive shaft and the outer wall of the drive ring is rotatably connected to the base. The fixing component includes a limiting plate that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the device groove. A second threaded rod that is threadedly connected to the side of the lower support plate is rotatably connected to the limiting plate. Multiple sets of triangular grooves are evenly opened on the side of the limiting plate (32). The drive unit also includes a winding reel fixedly mounted on the drive shaft, and the end of the wire rope away from the sliding plate is fixedly connected to the side of the winding reel.

5. The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring and control room includes a control room enclosure, which is made of a shipping container, and hoisting steel components are installed around the control room enclosure. The control room contains a monitoring computer and a power supply mechanism, a soil moisture signal receiver controller, and a vibration offset signal receiver controller connected to the monitoring computer. The soil moisture monitoring mechanism transmits signals to the soil moisture signal receiver controller via lines. The pipe position limit component and the camera mechanism are connected to the vibration offset signal receiver controller via lines.

6. The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper support plate is rectangular in shape and can be a solid wooden board or a hollow steel shell plate. The bottom end face of the upper support plate is provided with a support positioning groove. The cross-section of the support positioning groove is inverted trapezoidal. The upper end of the bottom adaptive support device is provided with a strip-shaped support positioning block. The cross-section of the support positioning block is trapezoidal. The support positioning block is connected to the upper end face of the bottom adaptive support device by bolts. The upper support plate is inserted laterally into the upper end of the support positioning block through the support positioning groove and then connected to the bottom adaptive support device.

7. The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom support frame includes a bottom support frame and an upper support plate. The bottom support frame is a rectangular steel plate frame. The upper support plate is welded to the bottom support frame. The lower end of the side support steel plate is connected to the upper support plate by bolts. Several support partitions are installed inside the upper support plate. After the bottom self-adaptive support device is placed inside the upper support plate, it is limited by the support partitions. The first cross brace is a rectangular steel pipe. Each first cross brace has four positioning holes on its front and rear ends. One first cross brace is connected to two bottom adaptive support devices through bolts in the positioning holes of the first cross brace. Two second cross bracing tube positioning holes are provided in the upper and lower end faces of each first cross bracing tube, and a vertical reinforcing tube is connected in each second cross bracing tube positioning hole.

8. The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical reinforcing tube is cylindrical in shape. The bottom outer surface and the upper inner surface of the vertical reinforcing tube are both threaded. The lower part of the vertical reinforcing tube is spirally connected in the positioning hole of the second cross brace tube and then fixed by a nut. Two adjacent vertical reinforcing tubes are spirally connected. The outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube is provided with threads, and the vertical reinforcing tube is provided with a positioning hole for the first vertical tube. The outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube is inserted into the positioning hole of the first vertical tube and then fixed by bolts. The inner end of the first longitudinal insertion tube is tapered, and the surface of the first longitudinal insertion tube is provided with multiple second vertical tube water permeable holes. The moisture detection sensor component is installed in the first longitudinal insertion tube inside the second vertical tube water permeable holes.

9. A prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusable use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moisture detection sensing component includes a soil moisture sensor, and a rubber plug is connected to the end of the soil moisture sensor. After the soil moisture sensor is pressed against the inner end of the cone-shaped first longitudinal insertion tube by the rubber plug, the rubber plug is connected to the first longitudinal insertion tube by glue. The first sensing circuit assembly includes a first circuit disposed in the first longitudinal insertion tube and a second circuit disposed in the vertical reinforcing tube. One end of the first circuit is connected to the soil moisture sensor, and the other end passes through the outer wall of the outer end of the first longitudinal insertion tube and is connected to the first circuit adapter. The lower end of the second line passes through the outer wall of the lower end of the vertical reinforcing tube and is connected to a second circuit adapter socket. The first circuit adapter is connected to the second circuit adapter socket and then wrapped with waterproof tape. The upper end of the second line passes through the vertical reinforcing tube and is connected to the main signal line. The tube body position limiting component includes a digital knob encoder and a rotating baffle. The digital knob encoder is bolted to the first cross brace tube through an encoder base. The upper rotating shaft of the digital knob encoder is connected to one end of the rotating baffle. The other end of the rotating baffle is connected to the adjacent bottom adaptive support device through a snap fastener. The digital knob encoder is connected to a third circuit, which is connected to a second circuit adapter socket through a third circuit adapter plug. The camera setup includes multiple cameras installed around the foundation pit, and the cameras are connected to the monitoring and control room via a main signal line.

10. A method for the reusable construction of foundation pit support, characterized in that, The prefabricated foundation pit support monitoring system based on reusability, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, specifically includes the following: Step S1: Allocate a transport vehicle with a high-sided cargo box, install small lifting equipment or rent a forklift on the transport vehicle, use the small lifting equipment or forklift to hoist the collected bottom adaptive support device, upper support plate and side support mechanism onto the transport vehicle, and then transport them to the material storage area on one side of the foundation pit construction site. Step S2: Install prefabricated track components around the foundation pit and install small lifting equipment on the track components. When supporting the foundation pit, transport the bottom adaptive support device and bottom support frame to the track components using a small transport vehicle. After using the small lifting equipment to pull up the pull ring, install the bottom support frame. Step S3: Use a small lifting device to install the bottom adaptive support device onto the bottom support frame and make adaptation adjustments; when installing the bottom adaptive support device, rotate the second worm gear with a tool, and the drill bit in the bottom adaptive support device is gradually inserted into the ground for fixation until the fixing pipe is completely unsleeved off from the first threaded rod. At this time, the fixing pipe is released from the insertion state of the insertion slot, and the fixing pipe is fixed to the ground. Step S4, then install the upper support plate; the top of the upper support plate is also equipped with a support positioning block. When the depth of the foundation pit is too deep, the upper support plate is stacked on top of the installed upper support plate to meet the support height requirements. At the same time, the number of vertical reinforcing pipes is increased accordingly to fix the upper support plate. At this time, the installation of a single bottom adaptive support device and the upper support plate is completed. Step S5, repeat steps S3 and S4 to complete the installation of the two bottom adaptive support devices. Install a set of side support mechanisms between the two bottom adaptive support devices. If the pit depth exceeds 6 meters, set structural reinforcing ribs between the two adjacent side support mechanisms. The structural reinforcing ribs are rectangular wooden boards or strip steel bars. Step S6: Complete the support of the single-sided foundation pit in sequence; when installing the side support mechanism, select one side support mechanism from every four to six groups to install the soil moisture monitoring mechanism and the pipe position limiting component. Step S7: Repeat steps S2-S6 to complete the support construction around the foundation pit. Transport the monitoring and control room to the outside of the foundation pit and fix its position with ground bolts. Install camera devices around the foundation pit. Step S8: Power on the lines of the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit. The monitoring control room performs preliminary debugging on the data transmitted by the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit, and records their initial values. Step S9: When the data from the soil moisture monitoring unit and the vibration offset monitoring unit detected in the monitoring and control room are abnormal compared with the initial values, an early warning of data abnormality is immediately issued and the construction personnel are notified. After receiving the warning, the construction personnel need to conduct an on-site inspection in a timely manner and determine whether it is necessary to reinforce the foundation pit support structure.

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