A full-life-cycle-based carbon footprint intelligent accounting method for a gas power plant

Abstract

The application provides a kind of gas power plant carbon footprint intelligent accounting method based on whole life cycle, it is related to carbon footprint accounting technical field. Including: obtaining the life cycle activity data of gas power plant in raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance and four life cycle stages of decommissioning disposal, and gas source structure, unit heating property and whole life cycle actual on-line power; according to gas source structure, split the gas source consumption of each gas source path corresponding to gas source and determine the natural gas upstream emissions; according to the stage emission factor matched with life cycle stage and activity type, determine the emissions of each stage and obtain the total emissions of life cycle by summarizing; according to the unit heating property, determine the power side emission distribution ratio, obtain the life cycle emissions of power side; combined with the whole life cycle actual on-line power, determine the product carbon footprint of gas power plant unit actual on-line power. The application solves the problem that the matching relationship of mixed gas source activity data and natural gas upstream emission factor is not clear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon footprint accounting technology, and in particular to an intelligent carbon footprint accounting method for gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle. Background Technology

[0002] Product carbon footprint accounting is based on life cycle assessment methods. Quantifying product carbon footprint should define functional units and system boundaries, and involve collecting activity data, calculating greenhouse gas emissions, allocating emissions, and interpreting results within the framework of the life cycle inventory. The "Guidelines for the Compilation of Product Carbon Footprint Accounting Standards" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment further requires that the accounting rules for specific products should clearly define the life cycle stage, activity data, emission factors, allocation methods, and data quality requirements. The object of carbon footprint accounting for gas-fired power generation products is the greenhouse gas emissions per unit of electricity within the selected life cycle boundary.

[0003] In their report, "A Review of Carbon Footprint Assessment in my country's Thermal Power Industry" (Power Generation Technology, Vol. 45, No. 4, 2024, pp. 575-589), Shan Sike et al. listed fuel production and transportation, power generation facility construction, unit operation, and waste disposal as the main accounting links for carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of thermal power generation products. In their report, "Research on Pollutant Emission Characteristics and Life Cycle Carbon Emissions of Gas-fired Internal Combustion Engines" (Zhejiang Electric Power, Vol. 39, No. 10, 2020, pp. 80-85), Guo Xutao et al. included upstream natural gas production and end-user energy supply processes in their life cycle greenhouse gas emission accounting. For gas-fired power plants, the life cycle inventory typically includes activity data corresponding to natural gas extraction, purification, and transportation; building material and energy consumption data during the construction phase; fuel, purchased energy, and maintenance material data during the operation and maintenance phase; and dismantling, transportation, and waste disposal data during the decommissioning phase.

[0004] After gas-fired power plants complete emission accounting for each stage of their life cycle, it is necessary to allocate emissions from the electricity and heat products output by combined heat and power (CHP) units. Existing technologies document methods for calculating the heat ratio of gas-fired combined cycle generator units and determine power generation and heat emission amounts based on this ratio. While existing methods for calculating the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plant products can summarize stage emissions, allocate CHP emissions, and normalize unit grid-connected electricity generation, they lack a unified, item-by-item matching process for natural gas consumption, gas source pathways, and upstream emission factors corresponding to mixed gas sources, resulting in inconsistent calculation results for upstream emissions from mixed gas sources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle. This invention solves the problem that the matching relationship between mixed gas source activity data and upstream emission factors of natural gas is unclear in existing technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A smart accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle includes:

[0008] Acquire lifecycle activity data of gas-fired power plants in four lifecycle stages: raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning, as well as gas source structure, unit heating attributes, and actual grid-connected electricity throughout the entire lifecycle;

[0009] Based on the gas source structure, the natural gas consumption in the life cycle activity data is broken down into the gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path, and the upstream natural gas emission is determined based on each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream natural gas emission factor.

[0010] Based on the life cycle stage and activity type, stage emission factors other than the natural gas upstream emission factors are matched to the life cycle activity data, and the non-natural gas upstream emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, the emissions during the construction stage, the emissions during the operation and maintenance stage, and the emissions during the decommissioning and disposal stage are determined according to the life cycle activity data and the corresponding stage emission factors.

[0011] The upstream emissions of natural gas are combined with the non-upstream emissions of natural gas during the raw material acquisition stage to obtain the emissions during the raw material acquisition stage. The emissions of the four life cycle stages are then summed to obtain the total life cycle emissions.

[0012] The power-side emission allocation ratio is determined based on the heating attributes of the unit, and the total life-cycle emission amount is allocated according to the power-side emission allocation ratio to obtain the power-side life-cycle emission amount.

[0013] The product carbon footprint of a gas-fired power plant per unit of actual electricity fed into the grid is determined based on the electricity-side lifecycle emissions and the actual electricity generated over the entire lifecycle.

[0014] A smart carbon footprint accounting system for gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle includes:

[0015] The data acquisition module is used to acquire lifecycle activity data of gas-fired power plants in four lifecycle stages: raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning, as well as gas source structure, unit heating attributes, and actual on-grid electricity generation throughout the entire lifecycle.

[0016] The upstream emissions accounting module for natural gas is used to break down the natural gas consumption in the life cycle activity data into the gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path according to the gas source structure, and to determine the upstream emissions of natural gas according to each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream emissions factor.

[0017] The phased emission accounting module is used to match phased emission factors other than the upstream natural gas emission factors to the life cycle activity data based on the life cycle stage and activity type, and to determine the non-upstream natural gas emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, the emissions during the construction stage, the emissions during the operation and maintenance stage, and the emissions during the decommissioning and disposal stage based on the life cycle activity data and the corresponding phased emission factors.

[0018] The life cycle emissions aggregation module is used to merge the upstream emissions of natural gas with the non-upstream emissions of natural gas during the raw material acquisition stage to obtain the emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, and to aggregate the emissions of the four life cycle stages to obtain the total life cycle emissions.

[0019] The power-side emission allocation module is used to determine the power-side emission allocation ratio according to the heating attributes of the unit, and allocate the total life cycle emission according to the power-side emission allocation ratio to obtain the power-side life cycle emission.

[0020] The product carbon footprint determination module is used to determine the product carbon footprint of a gas-fired power plant based on the life cycle emissions of the power side and the actual grid-connected electricity volume throughout the entire life cycle.

[0021] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0022] This invention provides an intelligent carbon footprint accounting method for gas-fired power plants based on their entire life cycle. The method acquires and calculates life cycle activity data for gas-fired power plants according to four life cycle stages: raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning. Based on the gas source structure, natural gas consumption is broken down into different gas source paths and matched with corresponding upstream emission factors, enabling upstream emission accounting to reflect emission differences across different gas source paths. Simultaneously, emission factors are matched according to life cycle stage and activity type to determine the emissions for each life cycle stage. The total life cycle emissions are then allocated to the power generation side based on the unit's heating attributes, ultimately forming the product carbon footprint per unit of actual grid-connected electricity generated by the gas-fired power plant. This achieves unified accounting of the gas-fired power plant's total life cycle emissions, gas source path differences, and power generation-side emission allocation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1A flowchart of an intelligent carbon footprint accounting method for gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the life cycle stages of a gas-fired power plant, emission composition, and product carbon footprint calculation, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a smart carbon footprint accounting system for gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 1-Data acquisition module, 2-Upstream emissions accounting module for natural gas, 3-Stage emissions accounting module, 4-Life cycle emissions summary module, 5-Electricity side emissions allocation module, 6-Product carbon footprint determination module. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this invention provides a smart accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, including:

[0032] Step 100: Obtain lifecycle activity data of gas-fired power plants in the four lifecycle stages of raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning, as well as gas source structure, unit heating attributes and actual grid-connected electricity throughout the entire lifecycle;

[0033] Step 200: Based on the gas source structure, the natural gas consumption in the life cycle activity data is divided into the gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path, and the upstream natural gas emission is determined based on each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream natural gas emission factor.

[0034] Step 300: Based on the life cycle stage and activity type, match the stage emission factors other than the natural gas upstream emission factors to the life cycle activity data, and determine the non-natural gas upstream emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, the emissions during the construction stage, the emissions during the operation and maintenance stage, and the emissions during the decommissioning and disposal stage according to the life cycle activity data and the corresponding stage emission factors.

[0035] Step 400: Combine the upstream emissions of natural gas with the non-upstream emissions of natural gas during the raw material acquisition stage to obtain the emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, and summarize the emissions of the four life cycle stages to obtain the total life cycle emissions;

[0036] Step 500: Determine the power-side emission allocation ratio according to the unit's heating attributes, and allocate the total life-cycle emissions according to the power-side emission allocation ratio to obtain the power-side life-cycle emissions;

[0037] Step 600: Determine the product carbon footprint per unit of actual grid-connected electricity of the gas-fired power plant based on the electricity-side lifecycle emissions and the total lifecycle actual grid-connected electricity.

[0038] Lifecycle activity data are categorized into the raw material acquisition phase, construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, or decommissioning phase according to the stage at which the emission activity occurs. The same raw activity data is counted only once within the accounting boundary. The production and transportation of building materials and initial equipment are categorized into the construction phase; the extraction, purification, liquefaction, transportation, and gasification activities occurring before natural gas reaches the gas-fired power plant are categorized into the raw material acquisition phase; emissions from the combustion of natural gas within the gas-fired power plant are categorized into the operation and maintenance phase.

[0039] During operation, natural gas consumption, actual electricity consumption, and external heat supply are determined based on natural gas metering records, electricity consumption settlement records, and heat supply metering records, respectively. Life cycle activity data during the construction phase are determined based on final settlement documents, equipment inventories, and material ledgers. Life cycle activity data during the decommissioning and disposal phase are determined based on dismantling plans, transportation records, and waste disposal records.

[0040] Specifically, the implementation process of step 100 is as follows:

[0041] The gas source structure includes the gas source routes and the corresponding gas source proportion for each route. Gas source routes are divided according to the supply stages that natural gas undergoes before reaching the gas-fired power plant. Domestic pipeline gas routes include extraction, purification, and pipeline transportation; imported liquefied natural gas routes include extraction, purification, liquefaction, transportation, and receiving / gasification.

[0042] When a gas-fired power plant is equipped with separate gas source metering devices, the metering results of each separate gas source are used as the gas consumption for the corresponding gas source path. When separate gas source metering devices are not installed, the gas source proportion is determined based on the natural gas purchase volume, beginning inventory, and ending inventory for each gas source path.

[0043] During the t-th accounting period, the available natural gas quantity corresponding to the j-th gas source path is:

[0044] ;

[0045] In the formula, This represents the available natural gas quantity corresponding to the j-th gas source path during the t-th accounting period; This indicates the amount of natural gas purchased; This indicates the beginning inventory level; This indicates the ending inventory level.

[0046] The proportion of gas sources corresponding to the j-th gas source path is:

[0047] ;

[0048] In the formula, This represents the percentage of gas sources corresponding to the j-th gas source path during the t-th accounting period; This indicates the number of gas source paths.

[0049] The gas consumption corresponding to the j-th gas source path is:

[0050] ;

[0051] In the formula, This represents the gas consumption corresponding to the j-th gas source path during the t-th accounting period; This represents the natural gas consumption during the t-th accounting period.

[0052] The gas consumption corresponding to each gas source path satisfies:

[0053] ;

[0054] The heating attribute of the unit is determined based on the type of product provided by the gas-fired power plant. When only electricity is provided, the heating attribute of the unit is pure power generation; when both electricity and heat are provided, the heating attribute of the unit is combined heat and power (CHP).

[0055] The actual grid-connected electricity volume over the entire lifecycle is the sum of the actual grid-connected electricity volumes during each operating period included in the accounting scope:

[0056] ;

[0057] In the formula, This indicates the actual amount of electricity consumed online throughout the entire product's lifecycle. This represents the actual electricity consumption during the t-th accounting period; This indicates the quantity during the accounting period.

[0058] Specifically, the implementation process of step 200;

[0059] Upstream natural gas emission factors are matched according to the gas source path. When storing the comprehensive upstream natural gas emission factor in the emission factor database, the comprehensive upstream natural gas emission factor for the corresponding gas source path is used; when storing the individual emission factors for each supply link in the emission factor database, the individual emission factors belonging to the same gas source path are summed after unifying the unit of measurement. The comprehensive upstream natural gas emission factor and the corresponding individual emission factor are not used repeatedly.

[0060] When the component emission factors are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per gigajoule, they are converted to kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per standard cubic meter:

[0061] ;

[0062] In the formula, This represents the converted volumetric emission factor; This represents the energy emission factor of the h-th supply stage in the j-th gas source path; This indicates the lower heating value of the corresponding natural gas, expressed in gigajoules per standard cubic meter.

[0063] When using the component emission factors, the upstream emission factor for natural gas corresponding to the j-th gas source path is:

[0064] ;

[0065] In the formula, This represents the upstream emission factor of natural gas corresponding to the j-th gas source path during the t-th accounting period; This indicates the number of supply links included in the j-th gas source path.

[0066] All emission factors are based on the same standard conditions, greenhouse gas characterization benchmarks, and time ranges. Methane emissions from natural gas extraction and transportation are converted to carbon dioxide equivalents according to the corresponding global warming potential and included in the upstream natural gas emission factors.

[0067] Upstream emissions of natural gas are:

[0068] ;

[0069] In the formula, This indicates the amount of upstream emissions of natural gas.

[0070] Specifically, the implementation process of step 300 is as follows:

[0071] The phase emission factors in the emission factor database are associated with life cycle stage, activity type, unit of measurement, applicable region, and applicable period. When matching phase emission factors, candidate emission factors are first screened according to life cycle stage and activity type, and then the corresponding phase emission factor is determined according to unit of measurement, applicable region, and applicable period.

[0072] When the units of measurement for life cycle activity data differ from those for stage emission factors, the unit conversion should be performed using the following formula:

[0073] ;

[0074] In the formula, This represents the i-th original lifecycle activity data within the s-th lifecycle phase; Indicates the unit conversion factor; This represents lifecycle activity data after unit conversion.

[0075] The corresponding sub-emissions are:

[0076] ;

[0077] In the formula, This indicates the corresponding sub-item emissions; This indicates the corresponding stage emission factor. The unit conversion factor only reflects the conversion relationship between measurement units.

[0078] The carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of natural gas in a gas-fired power plant are determined based on natural gas consumption, the lower heating value of natural gas, the carbon content per unit calorific value, and the carbon oxidation rate. The carbon dioxide emission factor for natural gas combustion in the t-th accounting period is:

[0079] ;

[0080] In the formula, This represents the carbon dioxide emission factor from natural gas combustion corresponding to the t-th accounting period; This indicates the lower heating value of natural gas; This indicates the carbon content per unit calorific value of natural gas. Indicates the carbon oxidation rate; It represents the ratio of the relative molecular masses of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0081] The carbon dioxide emissions from natural gas combustion are:

[0082] ;

[0083] Methane and nitrous oxide produced from natural gas combustion are converted into carbon dioxide equivalents according to their corresponding combustion emission factors and global warming potential, and are included as separate emissions during the operation and maintenance phase. When using a comprehensive combustion emission factor that already includes carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, the emissions of the corresponding greenhouse gases are no longer calculated separately.

[0084] Non-natural gas upstream emissions during the raw material acquisition phase are:

[0085] ;

[0086] Emissions during the construction phase are as follows:

[0087] ;

[0088] Emissions during the operation and maintenance phase are:

[0089] ;

[0090] Emissions during the decommissioning and disposal phase are:

[0091] ;

[0092] In the formula, This indicates non-natural gas upstream emissions during the raw material acquisition stage; This indicates emissions during the construction phase; This indicates emissions during the operation and maintenance phase; This indicates the emissions during the decommissioning and disposal phase.

[0093] Specifically, the implementation process of step 400 is as follows:

[0094] Emissions during the raw material acquisition stage are:

[0095] ;

[0096] Total lifecycle emissions are:

[0097] ;

[0098] In the formula, This indicates emissions during the raw material acquisition stage; This represents the total emissions over the life cycle.

[0099] The stage emission contribution ratio corresponding to the s-th life cycle stage is:

[0100] ;

[0101] In the formula, This represents the stage emission contribution ratio corresponding to the s-th life cycle stage; This indicates the stage emissions corresponding to the life cycle stage.

[0102] Specifically, the implementation process of step 500 is as follows:

[0103] When the unit's heating attribute is purely for power generation, the power side emission allocation ratio is taken as 1.

[0104] When the unit's heating attribute is cogeneration, the cumulative external heat supply is obtained by including the heat provided to external users within the accounting scope:

[0105] ;

[0106] In the formula, Indicates the cumulative external heat supply; This represents the heat supplied to external users during the t-th accounting period. Heat consumed internally by the gas-fired power plant is not included in the cumulative external heat supply.

[0107] The heat input from natural gas is:

[0108] ;

[0109] In the formula, This indicates the heat input from natural gas. The cumulative external heat supply and the heat input from natural gas use the same energy units and accounting period.

[0110] The thermal side emission allocation ratio is:

[0111] ;

[0112] The emission allocation ratio on the power side is:

[0113] ;

[0114] In the formula, Indicates the proportion of emissions allocated on the thermal side; This indicates the proportion of emissions allocated to the power sector. The value range is from 0 to 1.

[0115] The lifecycle emissions on the power side are:

[0116] ;

[0117] In the formula, This represents the lifecycle emissions on the power sector.

[0118] Specifically, the implementation process of step 600 is as follows:

[0119] The carbon footprint of a gas-fired power plant per unit of actual electricity fed into the grid is:

[0120] ;

[0121] In the formula, The product's carbon footprint is expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour. This represents the lifecycle emissions on the power side, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent. This represents the actual amount of electricity generated over the entire lifecycle, expressed in kilowatt-hours.

[0122] The power-side emissions for each stage of the life cycle are as follows:

[0123] ;

[0124] The carbon footprint per stage corresponding to each life cycle stage is:

[0125] ;

[0126] Each stage's unit carbon footprint meets the following requirements:

[0127] ;

[0128] In the formula, , , and These represent the carbon footprint per unit for each of the following stages: raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning.

[0129] Furthermore, the following data is anonymized sample data used to illustrate the calculation relationships between the formulas. Except for natural gas combustion parameters, the emission factors in the table are not considered fixed emission factors or recommended values. In actual calculations, corresponding emission factors are matched from the emission factor database based on the gas source route, calculation region, and calculation period.

[0130] Table 1 Main Input Data

[0131] Based on the lower heating value, carbon content per unit calorific value, and carbon oxidation rate of natural gas in Table 1, the carbon dioxide emission factor for natural gas combustion is:

[0132] ;

[0133] After conversion:

[0134] ;

[0135] Table 2 Calculation data for representative emission activities

[0136] Upstream emissions of natural gas are:

[0137] ;

[0138] Emissions during the construction phase are as follows:

[0139] ;

[0140] Emissions during the operation and maintenance phase are:

[0141] ;

[0142] Emissions during the raw material acquisition stage are:

[0143] ;

[0144] Total lifecycle emissions are:

[0145] ;

[0146] The heat input from natural gas is:

[0147] ;

[0148] The thermal side emission allocation ratio is:

[0149] ;

[0150] The emission allocation ratio on the power side is:

[0151] ;

[0152] The lifecycle emissions on the power side are:

[0153] ;

[0154] The product's carbon footprint is:

[0155] ;

[0156] Table 3 Lifecycle Accounting Results

[0157] If the upstream emission factor corresponding to domestically produced pipeline gas is used to calculate the total natural gas consumption, the upstream emission is 6.840000 MtCO2e, and the product carbon footprint is approximately 0.38477 kgCO2e / kWh. After matching the upstream emission factor according to the gas source path, the product carbon footprint is approximately 0.40065 kgCO2e / kWh. Under the current example data, the product carbon footprint obtained using a single upstream emission factor is underestimated by approximately 4.13%. This difference stems from the correspondence between gas source consumption and the upstream emission factor.

[0158] Furthermore, upstream emission factors of natural gas, lower heating value of natural gas, cumulative external heat supply, or actual grid-connected electricity volume over the entire life cycle are selected as target sensitivity parameters. When adjusting the target sensitivity parameter, other parameters remain unchanged; when the target sensitivity parameter appears in multiple formulas, all related formulas use the same adjustment value.

[0159] The parameter sensitivity corresponding to the target sensitivity parameter is:

[0160] ;

[0161] In the formula, Indicates parameter sensitivity; The baseline value representing the target sensitivity parameter; This indicates the adjusted parameter value; Indicates the carbon footprint of the benchmark product; This indicates the product's carbon footprint, recalculated after parameter adjustments.

[0162] When the lower heating value of natural gas changes, the carbon dioxide emission factor of natural gas combustion, the heat input of natural gas, the emission allocation ratio on the heat side, the emission allocation ratio on the power side, and the product carbon footprint are all recalculated using the changed lower heating value of natural gas.

[0163] Furthermore, for uncertain parameters with multiple valid measurement data, a normal probability distribution is established based on the mean and standard deviation of the measurement data, and the range of values ​​is restricted to an interval that conforms to the physical meaning of the corresponding parameter. Uncertain parameters with only lower and upper limits of values ​​adopt a uniform probability distribution. Uncertain parameters with a minimum, most likely, and maximum value adopt a triangular probability distribution.

[0164] Each random sample obtains a set of uncertain parameters, which are then substituted into the calculation process of gas source consumption, upstream natural gas emissions, stage emissions, power side emission allocation ratio, and product carbon footprint to obtain the product carbon footprint corresponding to one sample.

[0165] After N random samplings, calculate the product carbon footprint mean, 2.5% quantile, and 97.5% quantile. Compare the results of the N samplings with those of the N / 2 samplings; the convergence bias is:

[0166] ;

[0167] In the formula, Indicates convergence deviation; This represents the average carbon footprint of the product corresponding to N samplings. and Let represent the 2.5% quantile and 97.5% quantile of the Nth sampling result, respectively.

[0168] When the convergence deviation meets the preset convergence condition, the number of samplings is stopped. The 2.5% quantile and the 97.5% quantile are used as the lower and upper limits of the 95% confidence interval, respectively.

[0169] This embodiment also provides an intelligent carbon footprint accounting system for gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, including:

[0170] Data acquisition module 1 is used to acquire life cycle activity data of gas-fired power plants in four life cycle stages: raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning, as well as gas source structure, unit heating attributes and actual grid-connected electricity throughout the entire life cycle;

[0171] The upstream emissions accounting module 2 is used to break down the natural gas consumption in the life cycle activity data into the gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path according to the gas source structure, and to determine the upstream emissions of natural gas according to each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream emissions factor.

[0172] The phased emission accounting module 3 is used to match phased emission factors other than the upstream natural gas emission factors to the life cycle activity data based on the life cycle stage and activity type, and to determine the non-upstream natural gas emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, the emissions during the construction stage, the emissions during the operation and maintenance stage, and the emissions during the decommissioning and disposal stage based on the life cycle activity data and the corresponding phased emission factors.

[0173] The life cycle emissions aggregation module 4 is used to merge the upstream emissions of natural gas with the non-upstream emissions of natural gas during the raw material acquisition stage to obtain the emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, and to aggregate the emissions of the four life cycle stages to obtain the total life cycle emissions.

[0174] The power-side emission allocation module 5 is used to determine the power-side emission allocation ratio according to the heating attributes of the unit, and allocate the total life cycle emission according to the power-side emission allocation ratio to obtain the power-side life cycle emission.

[0175] Product carbon footprint determination module 6 is used to determine the product carbon footprint of a gas-fired power plant based on the life cycle emissions of the power side and the actual grid-connected electricity volume throughout the entire life cycle.

[0176] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0177] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent accounting of the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, characterized in that, include: Acquire lifecycle activity data of gas-fired power plants in four lifecycle stages: raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning, as well as gas source structure, unit heating attributes, and actual grid-connected electricity throughout the entire lifecycle; Based on the gas source structure, the natural gas consumption in the life cycle activity data is broken down into the gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path, and the upstream natural gas emission is determined based on each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream natural gas emission factor. Based on the life cycle stage and activity type, stage emission factors other than the natural gas upstream emission factors are matched to the life cycle activity data, and the non-natural gas upstream emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, the emissions during the construction stage, the emissions during the operation and maintenance stage, and the emissions during the decommissioning and disposal stage are determined according to the life cycle activity data and the corresponding stage emission factors. The upstream emissions of natural gas are combined with the non-upstream emissions of natural gas during the raw material acquisition stage to obtain the emissions during the raw material acquisition stage. The emissions of the four life cycle stages are then summed to obtain the total life cycle emissions. The power-side emission allocation ratio is determined based on the heating attributes of the unit, and the total life-cycle emission amount is allocated according to the power-side emission allocation ratio to obtain the power-side life-cycle emission amount. The product carbon footprint of a gas-fired power plant per unit of actual electricity fed into the grid is determined based on the electricity-side lifecycle emissions and the actual electricity generated over the entire lifecycle.

2. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The acquisition of lifecycle activity data for gas-fired power plants across four lifecycle stages—raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning—as well as gas source structure, unit heating attributes, and actual grid-connected electricity generation throughout the entire lifecycle includes: According to the life cycle stage and activity type, the activity data corresponding to the raw material acquisition stage, the construction stage, the operation and maintenance stage and the decommissioning stage are obtained respectively to form the life cycle activity data; The gas source structure is determined based on the proportion of natural gas supply corresponding to different gas source routes to the total natural gas supply; The heating attribute of the unit is determined based on whether the gas-fired power plant simultaneously provides electricity and heat. The actual on-grid electricity generated during the operation of the gas-fired power plant is accumulated to obtain the actual on-grid electricity generated throughout its entire life cycle.

3. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The step of breaking down the natural gas consumption in the lifecycle activity data into gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path based on the gas source structure, and determining the upstream natural gas emissions based on each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream natural gas emission factor, includes: Determine each gas source path and the gas source proportion corresponding to each gas source path from the gas source structure; Based on the product of the natural gas consumption and the proportion of each gas source, the gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path is determined respectively; Based on the natural gas extraction, purification, and transportation links included in each of the gas source paths, a corresponding upstream emission factor for natural gas is matched for each of the gas source paths; The product of each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream emission factor of natural gas is determined, and the products are summed to obtain the upstream emission of natural gas.

4. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The process involves matching stage emission factors (excluding the upstream natural gas emission factor) to the lifecycle activity data according to lifecycle phases and activity types, and determining non-upstream natural gas emissions during the raw material acquisition phase, construction phase, operation and maintenance phase, and decommissioning phase based on the lifecycle activity data and the corresponding stage emission factors. Determine the lifecycle stage, activity type, and unit of measurement corresponding to each of the lifecycle activity data; Based on the activity type and unit of measurement corresponding to each of the life cycle activity data, the corresponding emission factors are matched from the emission factor database, and the localized emission factors officially released by the state are selected as the stage emission factors. For the natural gas consumption during the operation and maintenance phase, a natural gas combustion emission factor is matched as the corresponding emission factor for that phase, and the upstream natural gas emission factor is limited to determine the upstream natural gas emissions. Based on the product of each life cycle activity data and the corresponding stage emission factor, the sub-emission amount corresponding to each life cycle activity data is determined respectively; Based on the life cycle stage corresponding to each of the life cycle activity data, the emissions of each item are summarized to obtain the non-natural gas upstream emissions of the raw material acquisition stage, the emissions of the construction stage, the emissions of the operation and maintenance stage, and the emissions of the decommissioning and disposal stage.

5. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... The process involves merging the upstream natural gas emissions with the non-upstream natural gas emissions during the raw material acquisition phase to obtain the raw material acquisition phase emissions, and then summing the emissions from all four life cycle phases to obtain the total life cycle emissions, including: The emissions from the upstream natural gas phase are added to the emissions from the non-upstream natural gas phase during the raw material acquisition phase to obtain the emissions from the raw material acquisition phase. The total lifecycle emissions are obtained by adding the emissions from the raw material acquisition stage, the construction stage, the operation and maintenance stage, and the decommissioning stage.

6. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The step of determining the power-side emission allocation ratio based on the unit's heating attributes, and allocating the total lifecycle emissions according to the power-side emission allocation ratio to obtain the power-side lifecycle emissions, includes: Based on the heating properties of the unit, the gas-fired power plant is identified as either a pure generator unit or a combined heat and power unit. When the gas-fired power plant is a pure generator unit, the emission allocation ratio on the power side is set to one. When the gas-fired power plant is a combined heat and power unit, the heat supplied during the operation of the gas-fired power plant is accumulated to obtain the total accumulated heat supply, and the product of the natural gas consumption and the corresponding lower heating value of natural gas during each operation period is summed to obtain the natural gas input heat. The ratio of the cumulative total heat supply to the natural gas input heat is determined as the heat-side emission allocation ratio, and the electricity-side emission allocation ratio is determined based on the difference between the ratio and the heat-side emission allocation ratio. The lifecycle emissions on the power side are determined by multiplying the power-side emission allocation ratio by the total lifecycle emissions.

7. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... The determination of the product carbon footprint per unit of actual grid-connected electricity of a gas-fired power plant based on the life-cycle emissions of the power sector and the actual grid-connected electricity volume over the entire life-cycle includes: According to the power-side emission allocation ratio, the emissions from the raw material acquisition stage, the construction stage, the operation and maintenance stage, and the decommissioning stage are allocated respectively to obtain the power-side stage emissions corresponding to each of the life cycle stages; The ratio of emissions at each power-side stage to the actual electricity generated over the entire life cycle is determined to obtain the carbon footprint per stage corresponding to each life cycle stage. The carbon footprints of each stage are summed to obtain the product carbon footprint of the actual electricity generated by the gas-fired power plant.

8. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... The method of determining the product carbon footprint per unit of actual grid-connected electricity of a gas-fired power plant based on the life-cycle emissions of the power sector and the actual grid-connected electricity volume over the entire life-cycle also includes: Sensitivity parameters are determined from the upstream emission factor of natural gas, the stage emission factor, the lower heating value of natural gas, the cumulative total heating supply, and the actual on-grid electricity volume throughout the entire life cycle; Keeping all sensitivity parameters except the target sensitivity parameter unchanged, the target sensitivity parameter is adjusted according to a preset change range; The product carbon footprint is re-determined based on the adjusted target sensitivity parameters; The parameter sensitivity corresponding to the target sensitivity parameter is determined based on the degree of change in the product's carbon footprint before and after the adjustment.

9. The intelligent accounting method for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... The method of determining the product carbon footprint per unit of actual grid-connected electricity of a gas-fired power plant based on the life-cycle emissions of the power sector and the actual grid-connected electricity volume over the entire life-cycle also includes: Uncertainty parameters are determined from the upstream emission factor of natural gas, the stage emission factor, the natural gas consumption, the lower heating value of natural gas, the cumulative total heating supply, and the actual on-grid electricity volume throughout the entire life cycle; For the uncertainty parameter with multiple measurement data, a normal probability distribution is determined based on the mean and standard deviation of the corresponding measurement data; for the uncertainty parameter with a lower limit and an upper limit, a uniform probability distribution is determined based on the lower limit and the upper limit; for the uncertainty parameter with a minimum value, a most likely value, and a maximum value, a triangular probability distribution is determined based on the minimum value, the most likely value, and the maximum value. Random sampling is performed according to the probability distribution corresponding to each of the aforementioned uncertainty parameters, and the carbon footprint of the product is re-determined based on the parameter values ​​obtained from each random sampling. Based on the product carbon footprint obtained from multiple random samplings, the probability distribution of the product carbon footprint and the confidence interval corresponding to the preset confidence level are determined.

10. A smart accounting system for the carbon footprint of gas-fired power plants based on the entire life cycle, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire lifecycle activity data of gas-fired power plants in four lifecycle stages: raw material acquisition, construction, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning, as well as gas source structure, unit heating attributes, and actual on-grid electricity generation throughout the entire lifecycle. The upstream emissions accounting module for natural gas is used to break down the natural gas consumption in the life cycle activity data into the gas source consumption corresponding to each gas source path according to the gas source structure, and to determine the upstream emissions of natural gas according to each gas source consumption and the corresponding upstream emissions factor. The phased emission accounting module is used to match phased emission factors other than the upstream natural gas emission factors to the life cycle activity data based on the life cycle stage and activity type, and to determine the non-upstream natural gas emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, the emissions during the construction stage, the emissions during the operation and maintenance stage, and the emissions during the decommissioning and disposal stage based on the life cycle activity data and the corresponding phased emission factors. The life cycle emissions aggregation module is used to merge the upstream emissions of natural gas with the non-upstream emissions of natural gas during the raw material acquisition stage to obtain the emissions during the raw material acquisition stage, and to aggregate the emissions of the four life cycle stages to obtain the total life cycle emissions. The power-side emission allocation module is used to determine the power-side emission allocation ratio according to the heating attributes of the unit, and allocate the total life cycle emission according to the power-side emission allocation ratio to obtain the power-side life cycle emission. The product carbon footprint determination module is used to determine the product carbon footprint of a gas-fired power plant based on the life cycle emissions of the power side and the actual grid-connected electricity volume throughout the entire life cycle.

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