1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmitarray antenna

Abstract

The application provides a 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna. Two PIN diodes are loaded on a receiving layer of the antenna, the receiving layer surface current can be controlled, and 1-bit quantization of a transmission phase is realized; two PIN diodes are loaded on a transmitting layer, the transmitting layer surface current can be controlled, and left-handed / right-handed circularly polarized wave switching is realized. In the unit level, through a highly symmetrical direct current bias network, only four PIN diodes are used to realize 1-bit phase modulation of the dual circular polarization, and the design goal of low cost is achieved; subsequently, by loading a parasitic patch on the unit and combining a sequentially rotating subarray, the axial ratio bandwidth is effectively widened, and the coding efficiency is improved. The application can meet the demand of modern mobile communication for low-cost and wide axial ratio of the circularly polarized transmission array antenna, and provides a new scheme for long-distance wireless communication system application under complex channel conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna communication and electromagnetic control technology, specifically to a 1-bit reconfigurable dual circular polarization transmission array antenna, which is particularly suitable for long-distance wireless communication systems such as satellite communication. It can be applied to fields with high requirements for polarization diversity, beam scanning capability and broadband performance, such as high-speed point-to-point communication, microwave imaging, and target tracking. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to linearly polarized antennas, circularly polarized antennas offer advantages such as suppressing multipath interference, reducing polarization mismatch, and resisting Faraday rotation effects, thus being widely used in long-distance wireless communication systems. Meanwhile, dual-circularly polarized antennas capable of radiating both left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) waves have become a research hotspot in the antenna field due to their strong adaptability to complex electromagnetic environments.

[0003] In recent years, related research has focused on dual-frequency dual-circular polarization antennas. These antennas radiate left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized waves in two independent frequency bands, but they cannot achieve polarization diversity applications at the same frequency, making them unsuitable for broadband communication, target tracking, and other scenarios. Subsequent research on single-frequency dual-circular polarization antennas, while capable of dual-circular polarization radiation at the same frequency, suffers from a fixed element structure, inability to dynamically adjust the aperture phase distribution, and lack of beam scanning capability, making them unsuitable for high-end applications such as high-speed point-to-point communication and microwave imaging.

[0004] Traditional phased array antennas offer excellent beam scanning capabilities and high scanning accuracy, but their large size and high cost limit their widespread adoption and development. To achieve low-cost beam-scanning antennas, reconfigurable technology needs to be integrated into antenna design. Reconfigurable reflective array antennas and reconfigurable transmittance array antennas are widely used in long-distance wireless communication systems such as satellite communications, radar, and point-to-point links due to their high gain, reconfigurable radiation patterns, and low cost. The reconfigurable elements of these antennas typically integrate adjustable devices such as PIN diodes, varactor diodes, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), or liquid crystals to achieve dynamic switching of operating states. However, MEMS and liquid crystals suffer from high cost and long response times, while varactor diodes have high losses and complex DC bias circuit designs. Therefore, PIN diodes are widely used in 1-bit or 2-bit reconfigurable antenna designs.

[0005] In existing technologies, while some 1-bit circularly polarized reconfigurable antennas achieve dual circular polarization and beam scanning, they suffer from narrow axial ratio bandwidth (less than 6%). Furthermore, the bias circuit design of some dual-circularly polarized reconfigurable antennas is complex, enabling only one-dimensional beam scanning, and the array size is limited. Moreover, existing reconfigurable transmission array antennas struggle to simultaneously meet the multiple performance requirements of wide axial ratio bandwidth, high aperture efficiency, switchable dual circular polarization, and two-dimensional beam scanning, failing to meet the application requirements of long-distance wireless communication in complex electromagnetic environments. Therefore, developing a reconfigurable transmission array antenna that combines broadband dual circular polarization, 1-bit phase modulation, two-dimensional beam scanning, and high aperture efficiency has become an urgent need to solve communication challenges in complex scenarios in systems such as satellite communication. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Technical issues:

[0007] This invention aims to solve the technical problems of existing dual-circular polarization reconfigurable antennas, such as narrow axial ratio bandwidth, low aperture efficiency, complex unit structure, feed beam blocking, and inability to achieve dual-circular polarization beam scanning in a shared frequency band. It provides a 1-bit reconfigurable dual-circular polarization transmission array antenna that achieves dual-circular polarization switchability within the same frequency band, wide axial ratio bandwidth, high aperture efficiency, and two-dimensional beam scanning, reducing manufacturing costs and integration difficulty, and improving the stability and applicability of the antenna in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0008] Technical solution:

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention proposes a 1-bit reconfigurable dual circular polarization transmission array antenna. Each element integrates four PIN diodes. By combining parasitic patch structure design and subarray sequential rotation technology, and integrating structural design, device selection, and array layout optimization, it achieves a synergistic improvement in multiple performance aspects, including 1-bit phase modulation, switchable dual circular polarization, wide axial ratio bandwidth, and two-dimensional beam scanning.

[0010] 1. Unit Structure Design: The reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit adopts a receive-transmit RF architecture, comprising seven metal layers, four dielectric substrate layers, three adhesive layers, and four PIN diodes (Skyworks SMP1321). The dielectric substrate is made of F4B material (dielectric constant ε). r =2.55, loss tangent tanδ=0.002), the adhesive layer is Rogers 4450F substrate (dielectric constant ε r =3.7, loss tangent tanδ=0.004). Two PIN diodes are arranged in the same direction on the receiving layer, and two others are arranged orthogonally on the emitting layer. The two diodes on the same patch are always in opposite operating states (one is on and one is off). Both the receiving layer and the emitting layer adopt a symmetrical structure design.

[0011] 2. Bias Circuit and Operating State Control: Two independent DC bias circuits are designed, providing bias voltages DC_A and DC_B respectively. The bias circuits use high-impedance traces (0.15mm wide) as inductors and fan-shaped or rectangular bias patches as grounding capacitors, effectively isolating the unit's transmit / receive structure from the DC bias circuits. The receiving layer is connected to the first bias circuit via metallized vias. Voltage DC_A controls the operating state of the receiving layer diodes, achieving a 180° phase shift. The transmitting layer is connected to the second bias circuit via metallized vias. Voltage DC_B controls the operating state of the transmitting layer diodes, achieving left-hand or right-hand circular polarization radiation. By controlling the two bias voltages, the unit achieves four operating states: 00, 01, 10, and 11, corresponding to right-hand circular polarization 0° phase, right-hand circular polarization 180° phase, left-hand circular polarization 0° phase, and left-hand circular polarization 180° phase, respectively, completing 1-bit phase modulation and dual circular polarization switching.

[0012] 3. Wide Axial Ratio Bandwidth Optimization: A pair of parasitic patches are introduced into the cell structure and loaded onto the receiving and transmitting layers, coupled with the radiating patches of the same layer, to improve the axial ratio bandwidth at the cell level; the array is divided into four sequentially rotating 4×4 subarrays to form an 8×8 overall array, and the sequential rotation technology of the subarrays is used to further expand the axial ratio bandwidth of the array, achieving a performance improvement of over 18% in axial ratio bandwidth.

[0013] 4. Feed Source and Array Coding Strategy: A 2×2 patch antenna is selected as the feed source. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source are incident on the receiving layer of the antenna element. A quarter-power divider is integrated at the bottom layer to generate y-polarized radiation along the +z direction. The -10dB impedance bandwidth of the feed source covers 9GHz~11GHz, and the focal length ratio (F / D) is set to 0.46 to achieve a -10dB edge illumination level. Based on antenna array theory, the formula for calculating the phase offset of the element is derived. Combining the phase response caused by the rotation of the element and the optimized reference phase, the coding distribution of the array aperture is determined. Utilizing the phase characteristics of the rotating transmitter layer, the phase of the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized radiation is compensated to achieve phase mapping within the range of 0°~360°, completing the coding design for two-dimensional beam scanning. When the beam is pointed to (θ0, φ0), the unit emitter layer rotates clockwise by an angle α. The left-hand circular polarization phase response is +α, and the right-hand circular polarization phase response is -α. Under the same reference phase, the co-polarization phase distribution of the left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations is consistent. The unit coding phase shift is determined according to the following criteria: when the required compensation phase is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 180°, the coding phase shift is 0°; when the required compensation phase is greater than or equal to 180° and less than 360°, the coding phase shift is 180°. The array transmission phase is the sum of the required compensation phase and the rotation phase.

[0014] 5. Array Implementation and Control: An 8×8 reconfigurable transmission array antenna was fabricated using standard printed circuit board technology. The overall aperture size is 108mm×108mm. The array integrates 256 PIN diodes. Using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), the phase compensation requirements of each unit are calculated and the coded phase shift is extracted according to the beam scanning control method. Each PIN diode is independently controlled to achieve rapid switching of the unit's working state, thereby regulating the aperture phase distribution of the array and completing two-dimensional beam scanning. The beam scanning control method includes the following steps: Calculate the spatial path difference phase of each antenna element based on the beam pointing (θ0, φ0), and determine the required compensation phase for each element; Based on the inherent phase response generated by clockwise rotation α of the transmit layer of the antenna element, where the left-hand circular polarization phase response is +α and the right-hand circular polarization phase response is -α, correct the required compensation phase to obtain the corrected phase; determine the coded phase shift according to the following criteria: when the corrected phase is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 180°, the coded phase shift is 0°; when the corrected phase is greater than or equal to 180° and less than 360°, the coded phase shift is 180°; add the coded phase shift to the rotation phase to obtain the array transmission phase of each element, and control the operating state of each PIN diode through the FPGA based on the array transmission phase to achieve antenna beam scanning.

[0015] Beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. Each unit integrates only 4 PIN diodes, simplifying the bias network design. Combined with mature PCB manufacturing processes, this significantly reduces manufacturing costs. The unit has a stacked structure with a low profile, making it easy to integrate with communication systems.

[0017] 2. By introducing parasitic patches into the unit and combining them with subarray sequential rotation technology, the axial ratio bandwidth of the array is increased to more than 18%, which solves the problem of narrow axial ratio bandwidth of existing dual circular polarization reconfigurable antennas and improves the circular polarization radiation stability of the antenna in broadband scenarios.

[0018] 3. Achieve two-dimensional dual circular polarization beam scanning from 0° to 40° with a beam pointing error of less than 3°, meeting the needs of high-speed point-to-point communication, microwave imaging and other scenarios for flexible beam control.

[0019] 4. The antenna has a peak aperture efficiency of over 23.3% and a 3dB gain bandwidth of 10%. While achieving broadband dual circular polarization and two-dimensional beam scanning, it ensures high energy transmission efficiency and gain stability, thereby improving the signal quality of long-distance communication.

[0020] 5. It integrates multiple functions such as dual circular polarization switchable, broadband response, two-dimensional beam scanning and high aperture efficiency, and is suitable for long-distance wireless communication needs in complex electromagnetic environments such as satellite communication. It has broad application prospects in fields such as high-speed point-to-point communication, microwave imaging and target tracking. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna element of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 The simulation results (polarization conversion ratio, axial ratio) of the antenna element of this invention are shown below for four operating states.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a performance comparison diagram of the antenna elements with and without parasitic patches in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the 8×8 array of the present invention, where (a) is the overall structure of the array and (b) is the arrangement of the four sequential rotating subarrays;

[0025] Figure 5 The following is a simulation diagram of the electromagnetic performance of the feed source of the present invention, wherein (a) represents the S-parameters and gain of the feed source, and (b) represents the edge illumination level of the feed source.

[0026] Figure 6 The phase distribution diagram (left-hand / right-hand circular polarization, common polarization / cross polarization) is shown when the beam of this invention is pointed at (40°, 0°).

[0027] Figure 7 This is a physical diagram of the reconfigurable transmission array antenna of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 The diagram shows the test setup and measured S-parameters of the antenna of the present invention, where (a) is the far-field test setup and (b) is... Actual measurement results;

[0029] Figure 9 The figures show the measured axial ratio and gain of the antenna of the present invention, where (a) and (c) are the axial ratio, and (b) and (d) are the gain and aperture efficiency.

[0030] Figure 10 The measured results of two-dimensional beam scanning of the antenna of the present invention in the planes of φ=0° and φ=90° are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0031] This invention provides a 1-bit reconfigurable dual-circular polarization transmission array antenna with two-dimensional beam scanning. The core of this invention lies in achieving integrated functionality of 1-bit phase modulation of electromagnetic waves, dual-circular polarization switching, wide axial ratio bandwidth, and two-dimensional beam scanning through receiver-transmitter unit structure design, PIN diode bias control, parasitic patch introduction, and subarray sequential rotation technology. The specific embodiments of this invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, progressing step-by-step from unit structure design, working principle, simulation optimization to array implementation and experimental verification.

[0032] Referring to Figure 1, the reconfigurable transmission array antenna unit of this invention adopts a receive-transmit architecture, consisting of seven metal layers, four F4B dielectric substrate layers, three Rogers 4450F adhesive layers, and four Skyworks SMP1321 PIN diodes. The receive layer has two unidirectional PIN diodes (P#1, P#2), and the transmit layer has two orthogonal PIN diodes (P#3, P#4). The two PIN diodes on the same patch are always in opposite operating states, and the receive and transmit layers have a symmetrical structure to ensure consistent electromagnetic performance. Two independent DC bias circuits are designed, connected to the receive and transmit layers respectively through metallized vias; that is, the first DC bias circuit is connected to the receive layer, and the second DC bias circuit is connected to the transmit layer. The high-impedance traces and grounded capacitors of the bias circuits isolate the RF signal from the DC bias, avoiding crosstalk. The PIN diode has a forward bias voltage of +1.0V and a reverse bias voltage of -1.0V. Under forward bias, it is modeled as a series RLC circuit (R=1Ω, L=0.2nH); under reverse bias, it is modeled as a series RLC circuit (C=0.25pF) to ensure the accuracy of the diode's operating state simulation. The cell is simulated using the CST Studio suite with full-wave characteristics, applying periodic boundary conditions (x and y directions) and open boundary conditions (±z directions), using a y-polarized incident wave as excitation. The transmission, reflection, and phase characteristics of the cell are analyzed.

[0033] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The unit exhibits a polarization conversion ratio exceeding 80% in the 9.52GHz~10.15GHz frequency band, reaching 97% at 9.9GHz. With the addition of parasitic patches, the unit's 3dB axial ratio bandwidth increases from 2% to 3.6% (9.61GHz~9.95GHz). The performance is highly consistent across the four operating states, demonstrating excellent polarization conversion and phase modulation performance.

[0034] A 2×2 patch antenna is selected as the array feed, and the overall schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, a quarter-power divider is integrated at the bottom layer to generate y-polarized radiation along the +z direction. The dielectric substrate of the feed is consistent with the unit cell to ensure electromagnetic characteristic matching. Full-wave simulation of the feed is performed, and the results show ( Figure 5The feed has a -10dB impedance bandwidth of 9GHz~11GHz, gain fluctuation ≤2dB, and achieves a -10dB edge illumination level at a focal length ratio of 0.46. The elements are arranged as a 4×4 subarray, and the four subarrays are rotated sequentially to form an 8×8 reconfigurable transmission array antenna with an overall aperture size of 108mm×108mm. Figure 4 The array uses a subarray sequential rotation technique to extend the axial bandwidth of the array.

[0035] Based on antenna array theory, when the beam is pointed to (θ0, φ0), the phase shift of an element is determined by the spatial path difference, the element rotation phase, and the reference phase. When the emitter layer rotates clockwise by an angle α, right-hand circularly polarized radiation produces a -α phase shift, and left-hand circularly polarized radiation produces a +α phase shift, with no significant change in amplitude. Figure 9 Based on this phase characteristic, the unit phase is compensated to achieve phase mapping within the range of 0° to 360°, thus determining the array's coding distribution. The unit coding phase shift is determined according to the following criteria: when the required compensation phase is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 180°, the coding phase shift is 0°; when the required compensation phase is greater than or equal to 180° and less than 360°, the coding phase shift is 180°; the array transmission phase is the sum of the required compensation phase and the rotation phase. Taking a beam pointing (40°, 0°) as an example... Figure 6 The results show that the co-polarization phase distributions of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization are consistent, while the phase distributions of co-polarization and cross-polarization are different, indicating that the proposed reconfigurable transmission array antenna can effectively improve the cross-polarization ratio and thus improve the axial ratio performance.

[0036] An 8×8 reconfigurable transmission array antenna prototype was fabricated using standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Figure 7 The array integrates the unit, bias circuit, and feed source, with an overall aperture size of 108mm × 108mm. For control, the array integrates 256 PIN diodes. Based on the beam scanning control method, the phase compensation requirements of each unit are calculated and quantized in 1-bit. The bias voltage of the PIN diodes is then adjusted via an FPGA control board, enabling rapid switching of the unit's operating state. Test setup: A far-field test system was built (…). Figure 8The antenna sample was mounted on a turntable, and a standard gain horn antenna was used as the receiving end to collect the horizontal and vertical polarization components. The left-hand and right-hand circular polarization components were obtained by vector synthesis. The horizontal and vertical beam scanning tests were realized by rotating the sample and switching the FPGA commands, thus completing the characterization of the two-dimensional beam scanning characteristics. The beam scanning control method includes the following steps: Calculate the spatial path difference phase of each antenna element based on the beam pointing (θ0, φ0), and determine the required compensation phase for each element; Based on the inherent phase response generated by clockwise rotation α of the transmit layer of the antenna element, where the left-hand circular polarization phase response is +α and the right-hand circular polarization phase response is -α, correct the required compensation phase to obtain the corrected phase; determine the coded phase shift according to the following criteria: when the corrected phase is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 180°, the coded phase shift is 0°; when the corrected phase is greater than or equal to 180° and less than 360°, the coded phase shift is 180°; add the coded phase shift to the rotation phase to obtain the array transmission phase of each element, and control the operating state of each PIN diode through the FPGA based on the array transmission phase to achieve antenna beam scanning.

[0037] Radiation performance test: The S-parameters, axial ratio bandwidth, gain bandwidth and aperture efficiency of the antenna were tested by adjusting the working state of the FPGA control unit. The results show that: (1) Impedance characteristics ( Figure 8 ):antenna Within 9.1GHz~10.7GHz, the value is ≤-10dB, meeting the requirements for broadband operation; (2) Axial bitness and gain and aperture efficiency ( Figure 9 ): Left-hand circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth 8.9GHz~10.7GHz, right-hand circular polarization axial ratio bandwidth 9.0GHz~10.8GHz, 3dB axial ratio bandwidth exceeding 18%, peak gain of 15.4dBic at 9.6GHz, peak aperture efficiency of 23.3%, 3dB gain bandwidth of 10% (9.2GHz~10.2GHz); (4) Beam scanning performance ( Figure 10 ): Tested in 20° steps in the φ=0° and φ=90° planes, the antenna can achieve two-dimensional dual circular polarization beam scanning from 0° to 40° with accurate beam pointing, excellent axial ratio characteristics, and high cross-polarization ratio.

[0038] This invention achieves a synergistic improvement in broadband dual circular polarization, 1-bit phase modulation, two-dimensional beam scanning, and high aperture efficiency through receiver-transmitter unit structure design, PIN diode bias control, and array layout optimization, providing a high-performance antenna solution for long-distance wireless communication systems such as satellite communication. Based on this invention, adjustments to unit size, array arrangement, and feed parameters can be made to adapt to different operating frequency bands and application scenarios, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0039] The core technical concepts, key features, and outstanding advantages of this invention have been fully elaborated above. According to common understanding in the technical field, this invention should not be limited to the implementations listed herein; these exemplary examples and related descriptions in the technical documents are merely specific examples illustrating the core design ideas of this invention. While maintaining the basic tenets and scope of this invention, any equivalent substitutions, adaptive adjustments, or optimizations based on the technical essence of this invention fall within the valid protection scope of this invention's patent rights. Ultimately, the protection boundary of this invention should be determined by the specific content of each claim appended to this patent document and its legally equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna, characterized in that, Includes antenna elements, array structure, feed source, and bias circuitry; The antenna unit adopts a receive-transmit architecture. The receiving layer has two PIN diodes arranged in the same direction, and the transmitting layer has two PIN diodes arranged orthogonally. The two PIN diodes located on the same radiating patch on the receiving layer or the transmitting layer are always in opposite working states. The bias circuit includes a first DC bias circuit and a second DC bias circuit. The first DC bias circuit is connected to the receiving layer and is used to adjust the working state of the receiving layer PIN diode to achieve a 180° phase shift. The second DC bias circuit is connected to the emitting layer and is used to adjust the working state of the emitting layer PIN diode to achieve left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization radiation. The array structure is composed of multiple antenna elements arranged together and divided into multiple sequentially rotating subarrays; The feed source is a patch antenna, and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source are incident on the receiving layer of the antenna element, and the illumination level of the feed source on the edge of the array structure meets a predetermined requirement.

2. The 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit is a stacked structure of seven metal layers, four dielectric substrates, and three adhesive layers. The seven metal layers are disposed on the surface of each dielectric substrate, with the top layer being the transmitting layer and the bottom layer being the receiving layer. The inner metal layers are responsible for bias routing, grounding, and electromagnetic isolation. The dielectric substrates are bonded and insulated with adhesive layers, and the circuits are connected between the layers by metallized vias. The whole structure is pressed together into an integrated structure.

3. The 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PIN diode is an SMP1321 type, with a forward bias voltage of +1.0V and a reverse bias voltage of -1.0V. By changing the bias voltage, four operating states of the unit are realized: 00, 01, 10, and 11, which correspond to right-hand circular polarization 0° phase, right-hand circular polarization 180° phase, left-hand circular polarization 0° phase, and left-hand circular polarization 180° phase, respectively.

4. A 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna element has a pair of parasitic patches loaded on both the receiving and transmitting layers, and the parasitic patches are coupled to the radiating patches of the layer in which they are located; the multiple sequentially rotating subarrays are arranged in a sequentially rotating manner in the array plane.

5. A 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed source has a quarter-power divider integrated at the bottom layer, with a -10dB impedance bandwidth of 9GHz~11GHz, a gain fluctuation of ≤2dB within the frequency band, and the feed source achieves a -10dB edge illumination level.

6. A 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna is configured to perform the following beam scanning coding strategy: when the beam points to (θ0, φ0), the unit transmitter layer rotates clockwise by an angle α, the left-hand circular polarization phase response is +α, and the right-hand circular polarization phase response is -α. Under the same reference phase, the common polarization phase distribution of the left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations is consistent. The unit coding phase shift is determined according to the following criteria: when the required compensation phase is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 180°, the coding phase shift is 0°; when the required compensation phase is greater than or equal to 180° and less than 360°, the coding phase shift is 180°. The array transmission phase is the sum of the required compensation phase and the rotation phase.

7. A 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna is manufactured using standard printed circuit board technology, with a total aperture size of 108mm × 108mm.

8. A 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array structure is an 8×8 array, the subarray is a 4×4 subarray, and the feed source is a 2×2 patch antenna.

9. A 1-bit reconfigurable dual circularly polarized transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The focal diameter ratio of the feed source is 0.

46.

10. A beam scanning control method using the antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the beam pointing (θ0, φ0), the spatial path difference phase of each antenna element is calculated, and the required compensation phase for each element is determined. Based on the inherent phase response generated by the clockwise rotation of the transmitter layer of the antenna element by an angle α, where the left-hand circular polarization phase response is +α and the right-hand circular polarization phase response is -α, the required compensation phase is corrected to obtain the corrected phase. The coding phase shift is determined according to the following criteria: when the corrected phase is greater than or equal to 0° and less than 180°, the coding phase shift is 0°; when the corrected phase is greater than or equal to 180° and less than 360°, the coding phase shift is 180°; the coding phase shift is added to the rotation phase to obtain the array transmission phase of each unit, and the working state of each PIN diode is controlled by the FPGA based on the array transmission phase to realize antenna beam scanning.

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