A charge-discharge control method, device, equipment, medium and program product

Abstract

The application discloses a charging and discharging control method, device, equipment, medium and program product, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage charging and discharging. The method comprises the following steps: predicting a predicted spot electricity price of a day according to thermal power competitive space data and meteorological data acquired before the day; the predicted spot electricity price of the day comprises a predicted spot charging price of the day and / or a predicted spot discharging price of the day; generating a medium and long-term component instruction according to actual transaction volume of a medium and long-term market before the day; wherein the medium and long-term component instruction comprises a charging instruction and / or a discharging instruction; generating a spot component instruction according to the updated predicted spot electricity price of the day; generating an instruction execution sequence according to a charging and discharging constraint condition; the instruction execution sequence at least comprises the medium and long-term component instruction and the spot component instruction sorted according to execution priority, and the execution priority of the medium and long-term component instruction is higher than that of the spot component instruction; and scheduling the energy storage system to charge and discharge according to the instruction execution sequence, so that the overall benefit of the energy storage can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage charging and discharging technology, and in particular to a charging and discharging control method, device, equipment, medium and program product. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of my country's power market reform, new energy power plants (such as wind farms) face increasingly complex trading decisions and operational control challenges when participating in the medium- and long-term electricity market and the spot market. As a flexible resource, the charging and discharging strategies of the power plant's supporting energy storage system directly affect the plant's profitability.

[0003] Currently, the optimization and scheduling of existing energy storage systems often only considers charging and discharging control from the perspective of market electricity prices, which cannot effectively utilize market electricity price information and is difficult to maximize the benefits of market participation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a charging and discharging control method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and program product.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this application provides the following technical solution: A charging and discharging control method includes: predicting the current day's spot electricity price based on previously acquired spatial data and meteorological data related to electricity bidding; wherein the predicted spot electricity price includes the current day's predicted spot charging price and / or the current day's predicted spot discharging price; generating medium- and long-term component instructions based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day; wherein the medium- and long-term component instructions include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein the charging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the current day's predicted spot charging price; and the discharging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the current day's predicted spot charging price. When the contracted discharge price is higher than the predicted spot discharge price for the day, the energy storage system is dispatched to perform an electricity sale operation; a spot component instruction is generated based on the updated predicted spot price for the day; the updated predicted spot price for the day is determined based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the thermal power bidding obtained on the day; an instruction execution sequence is generated according to the charging and discharging constraints; the instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority, with the medium- and long-term component instructions having a higher execution priority than the spot component instructions; the energy storage system is dispatched to perform charging and discharging according to the instruction execution sequence.

[0006] Optionally, the charging and discharging control method further includes: determining the maximum tradable volume in each period of the medium- and long-term market before the current day based on the wind power forecast data, medium- and long-term contract decomposition curve, and rated power of the energy storage system before the current day; determining whether there are cross-market arbitrage opportunities based on the buyer's bid and the predicted spot electricity price for the current day, period by period; generating the trading order volume in the medium- and long-term market before the current day based on the maximum tradable volume in each period of the medium- and long-term market before the current day and whether there are cross-market arbitrage opportunities; determining whether the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market before the current day is consistent with the trading order volume; if not, generating medium- and long-term component orders based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market before the current day.

[0007] Optionally, based on the buyer's quote and the predicted spot electricity price for the day, the system determines whether there is an arbitrage opportunity across market spreads on a time-by-time basis, including: comparing the buyer's quote and the predicted spot electricity price for the day on a time-by-time basis; if there is a first time period where the buyer's quote is higher than the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price, then a first type of arbitrage opportunity across market spreads is confirmed to exist in the first time period, and an electricity selling operation is executed based on the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract; wherein, the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price is determined based on the confidence level value and a first adjustment threshold, and the first adjustment threshold is adjusted according to the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price; if there is no first type of arbitrage opportunity across market spreads, then the system determines whether there is a second type of arbitrage opportunity across market spreads based on the spot charge and discharge reference instruction for the day on a time-by-time basis; wherein, the spot charge and discharge reference instruction is generated by dividing the predicted spot electricity price for the day into multiple second electricity price periods.

[0008] Optionally, based on the spot charging and discharging reference orders of the day, determine whether there is a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity in each time period, including: for the second time period corresponding to the discharging order in the spot charging and discharging reference orders, if the buyer's bid in the second time period is greater than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the first adjustment coefficient, then the existence of a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity is confirmed, and an electricity selling operation is executed based on the discharging price of the medium- and long-term selling contract, while simultaneously generating a corresponding discharging order; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference order in the second time period is a discharging order; for the third time period corresponding to the charging order in the spot charging and discharging reference orders, if the seller's bid in the third time period is less than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the second adjustment coefficient, then the existence of a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity is confirmed, and a charging operation is executed based on the charging price of the medium- and long-term buying contract, while simultaneously generating a corresponding charging order; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference order in the third time period is a charging order.

[0009] Optionally, the charging and discharging constraints include at least one of the following: power limiting constraints, power output capability constraints, state of charge constraints, and power supply priority constraints. And / or, based on the charging and discharging constraints, generate an instruction execution sequence, including: determining whether the power-limiting constraints are met on a time-by-time basis; if the power-limiting constraints are not met, then generate an instruction execution sequence; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, on the basis of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions, spot component instructions are superimposed; if the power-limiting constraints are met, then generate an instruction execution sequence; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, after determining that the power-limiting charging conditions are met, on the basis of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions, spot component instructions are superimposed.

[0010] Optionally, the spot component order is determined based on the following steps: updating the predicted spot electricity price for the day based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the hot coal bidding obtained on the same day, to obtain the updated predicted spot electricity price for the day; dividing the updated predicted spot electricity price for the day into multiple first electricity price periods; and generating corresponding spot component orders based on the multiple first electricity price periods.

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the second aspect of this application provides the following technical solution: A charging and discharging control device includes: an electricity price prediction module configured to predict the predicted spot electricity price for the day based on spatial data of electricity price bidding and meteorological data acquired before the day; wherein the predicted spot electricity price for the day includes the predicted spot charging price and / or the predicted spot discharging price for the day; and a first instruction generation module configured to generate medium- and long-term component instructions based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market before the day; wherein the medium- and long-term component instructions include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein the charging instruction is used to instruct the energy storage system to perform a charging operation when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the predicted spot charging price for the day; and the discharging instruction is used to instruct the energy storage system to perform a charging operation when the discharging price of the medium- and long-term sell contract is higher than the predicted spot charging price for the day. The system is scheduled to perform electricity sales operations when the predicted spot discharge price is reached on a given day. A second instruction generation module is configured to generate spot component instructions based on the updated predicted spot price for that day. The updated predicted spot price is determined by updating the predicted spot price based on the spatial data of the thermal power bidding and meteorological data acquired on that day. A sequence generation module is configured to generate an instruction execution sequence based on charging and discharging constraints. The instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority, with the medium- and long-term component instructions having a higher execution priority than the spot component instructions. A charging and discharging control module is configured to schedule the energy storage system for charging and discharging according to the instruction execution sequence.

[0012] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to implement the charge / discharge control method described in the first aspect.

[0013] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium that, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by a processor corresponding to an electronic device, enables the electronic device to implement the charging and discharging control method described in the first aspect.

[0014] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the charging and discharging control method described in the first aspect.

[0015] The technical solution of this application has the following technical advantages over the prior art: The charging and discharging control method provided in this application firstly generates medium- and long-term component instructions based on the actual trading volume of the medium- and long-term market before the current day. These medium- and long-term component instructions are used to execute buying and selling operations in the medium- and long-term market when the charging price is lower than the predicted spot charging price of the current day or the discharging price is higher than the predicted spot discharging price of the current day, thereby further widening the actual price difference between energy storage charging and discharging. Then, spot component instructions are generated based on the predicted spot electricity price updated on the current day, and the energy storage system is scheduled to charge and discharge in the intraday operation by prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions and supplementing with spot component instructions, thereby achieving the superposition of the dual benefits of "spot price difference + cross-market price difference", significantly widening the overall charging and discharging price difference of energy storage and improving the overall efficiency of energy storage. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The preferred embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to understand the purpose and advantages of this application, wherein: Figure 1 A flowchart of a charging and discharging control method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a charging and discharging control method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a charge / discharge control device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware connection relationship of the electronic device for the charge / discharge control method provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0020] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a charging and discharging control method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the charge / discharge control method may include the following steps: Step 101: Based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the electricity bidding obtained before the day, predict the spot electricity price for the day; wherein, the predicted spot electricity price for the day includes the predicted spot charging price and / or the predicted spot discharging price for the day.

[0022] Step 102: Generate medium- and long-term component instructions based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day; wherein, the medium- and long-term component instructions include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein, the charging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the predicted spot charging price of the current day; the discharging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform electricity selling operations when the discharging price of the medium- and long-term sell contract is higher than the predicted spot discharging price of the current day; Step 103: Generate spot component orders based on the updated forecast spot electricity price for the day; wherein, the updated forecast spot electricity price for the day is determined by updating the forecast spot electricity price for the day based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the thermal power bidding obtained on the day; Step 104: Generate an instruction execution sequence based on the charging and discharging constraints; wherein the instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority, with the execution priority of the medium- and long-term component instructions being higher than that of the spot component instructions.

[0023] Step 105: Execute the sequence scheduling of the energy storage system to charge and discharge according to the instructions.

[0024] The charging and discharging control method provided in this application predicts the current day's spot electricity price based on the thermal power bidding space data and meteorological data acquired before the current day; then, it generates a medium-to-long-term component order for the current day based on the actual trading volume in the medium-to-long-term market before the current day; subsequently, it generates a spot component order based on the updated predicted spot electricity price for the current day, which is determined based on the updated predicted spot electricity price for the current day using the thermal power bidding space data and meteorological data acquired before the current day; wherein, the medium-to-long-term component order includes a charging order and / or a discharging order; the charging order is used to indicate that the charging price of the medium-to-long-term buy contract is lower than the current day's predicted spot charging price. When the electricity price is set, the energy storage system is dispatched to perform charging operations. Discharge instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform electricity selling operations when the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract is higher than the predicted spot discharge price of the day, further widening the actual price difference between energy storage charging and discharging. Then, based on the updated predicted spot electricity price of the day, spot component instructions are generated, and the energy storage system is dispatched to perform charging and discharging in a sequence of instructions generated by charging and discharging constraints during intraday operation, with medium- and long-term component instructions being executed first and spot component instructions being supplemented. This achieves the double benefit of "spot price difference + cross-market price difference", significantly widening the overall charging and discharging price difference of energy storage and improving the overall efficiency of energy storage.

[0025] It should be noted that the execution entity of the charging and discharging control method can be a control system deployed locally in the energy storage system, or it can be integrated into a power trading decision support system or a smart energy management platform to provide pricing suggestions and charging and discharging plans for medium- and long-term rolling matching transactions, thereby achieving automated execution and dynamic optimization of the strategy.

[0026] The following describes step 101 (i.e., predicting the predicted spot electricity price for the day based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the electricity bidding obtained before the day; wherein the predicted spot electricity price for the day includes the predicted spot charging price and / or the predicted spot discharging price for the day) in detail.

[0027] In step 101, a prediction model (such as a prediction model based on multi-factor mapping) is used to predict the spot electricity price for the day based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the electricity bidding obtained before the day. The predicted spot charging price and predicted spot discharging price can be the predicted electricity prices for different time periods on the same day (e.g., day D).

[0028] In one example, after determining the predicted spot electricity price for the day, the charging control method further includes: The predicted spot electricity price for the day is divided into multiple second-price periods; Based on multiple second-price periods, corresponding spot charging and discharging reference instructions are generated.

[0029] Optionally, in this example, the multiple second-price periods include at least one of peak, flat, and valley periods.

[0030] Among them, the thermal power bidding space data can be regional forecast data, and the thermal power bidding space data = total load forecast - renewable energy output forecast - non-market unit output forecast; meteorological data can refer to forecast data such as sunshine, wind speed, and temperature that affect renewable energy output; thermal power bidding space data reflects the remaining generating capacity of thermal power units that can participate in bidding for grid connection in the spot market, that is, the necessary thermal power output range after deducting renewable energy and other priority clearing power sources from the total system load; meteorological data reflects environmental conditions such as sunshine and wind speed that affect renewable energy output. The two are used together to continuously revise the forecasted spot electricity price in the spot market.

[0031] Here, the spot charge and discharge reference instruction refers to the benchmark charge and discharge strategy generated when the energy storage system only participates in the spot market, according to the rules of charging during off-peak hours, discharging during peak hours, and marking charging / discharging during flat hours based on the electricity price level. It only reflects the basic arbitrage income of the spot market itself and does not include medium- and long-term market transactions and constraints, providing a benchmark reference for multi-market coordinated scheduling.

[0032] During periods of flat electricity prices, local electricity price fluctuations can be dynamically marked as "chargeable points" or "dischargeable points" to serve as supplementary instructions for the strategy of charging during off-peak hours and discharging during peak hours.

[0033] When performing dynamic tagging, the following aspects can be considered: Profit Priority: Based on the comparison between local electricity prices and off-peak / peak electricity prices, dynamically assess the profit potential of charging and discharging during flat periods.

[0034] System state constraints: Combining battery SOC, device health, load requirements, etc., to ensure operational safety without compromising system efficiency.

[0035] Additional flexibility: When charging during off-peak hours or discharging during peak hours is limited (such as when off-peak electricity prices do not reach the expected low value or peak load is insufficient), the flat-peak hours serve as a backup strategy.

[0036] Here, the latest predicted spot electricity prices are continuously revised using the latest forecast data on electricity pricing and meteorological data, resulting in a spot electricity price that is closer to the actual market conditions, providing an accurate price basis for real-time arbitrage of energy storage.

[0037] Here, "the day" can refer to day D, and "before the day" can refer to days before day D, such as day D-1 or day D-2; D is a positive integer.

[0038] The following describes step 102 in detail (i.e., generating medium- and long-term component instructions based on the actual trading volume of the medium- and long-term market before the current day; wherein the medium- and long-term component instructions include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein the charging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the predicted spot charging price of the current day; the discharging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform electricity selling operations when the discharging price of the medium- and long-term sell contract is higher than the predicted spot discharging price of the current day).

[0039] In step 102, the actual trading volume of the medium- and long-term market on day D-2 is obtained on day D-1, and medium- and long-term component orders are generated based on the actual trading volume. Optionally, the trading volume can be the trading electricity volume.

[0040] In one example, the actual trading volume of the medium- to long-term market on day D-1 (i.e., before day D-2) is obtained, and medium- to long-term component orders are generated based on the actual trading volume on day D (i.e., on day D). This can be achieved in several ways: 1. Based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market at each time period on the same day, determine the medium- and long-term components of energy storage charging and discharging at each time period, and use the medium- and long-term components as the components of the charging and discharging instructions for the day.

[0041] Specifically, the actual trading volume is used as the medium-to-long-term component order based on the actual trading volume in each period of the medium-to-long-term market on that day.

[0042] Second: Based on the difference between the actual trading volume of the medium- and long-term market on the day and the preset planned trading volume, dynamically adjust the medium- and long-term components of energy storage charging and discharging to obtain the medium- and long-term component instructions of energy storage charging and discharging on the day.

[0043] Specifically, this involves the planned contract volume and actual trading volume in the long-term market on a given day; the trading volume gap is calculated as planned trading volume. Actual trading volume; adjust the medium- and long-term charge / discharge components positively / negatively based on the gap size; generate real-time adjusted medium- and long-term component instructions.

[0044] Third: Based on the relationship between the actual trading volume of the medium- and long-term market on the day and the preset threshold, the medium- and long-term components of energy storage charging and discharging are adaptively determined to form the medium- and long-term component instructions in the energy storage charging and discharging on the day.

[0045] Specifically, the system determines the market trend based on the threshold for sudden changes in medium- and long-term market trading volume and automatically decides the medium- and long-term component: monitors the real-time trading volume of the medium- and long-term market; if the trading volume exceeds the threshold, the medium- and long-term charge and discharge component is increased; if the trading volume is below the threshold, the medium- and long-term component is decreased; and generates trend-following medium- and long-term component instructions.

[0046] Fourth: Based on the real-time cumulative trading volume within the medium- and long-term market rolling trading window, determine the medium- and long-term component instructions in the energy storage charging and discharging process on that day.

[0047] Specifically, the medium- and long-term components are calculated hourly based on the transaction volume within the medium- and long-term rolling trading window: multiple real-time transaction volumes are collected within the rolling trading window; and the medium- and long-term components are generated in real-time and updated on a rolling basis according to time decay / transaction volume.

[0048] The medium- and long-term component instructions in this application embodiment include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein, the charging instruction is used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the predicted spot charging price of the day; the discharging instruction is used to instruct the energy storage system to perform discharging operations when the discharging price of the medium- and long-term sell contract is higher than the predicted spot discharging price of the day.

[0049] It should be noted that the aforementioned medium- and long-term buy contracts and medium- and long-term sell contracts are used to agree on the buy and sell electricity prices for the corresponding time periods.

[0050] Here, medium- and long-term contracts refer to contracts signed between electricity market participants (such as power generation companies, electricity sales companies, and electricity users) through market-based methods (such as bilateral negotiations and centralized trading), agreeing to deliver electricity products or services within a certain future period. They can be characterized from the following dimensions: Transaction time dimension: Covers electricity transactions at different time scales, including several years, years, months, and within a month (including ten days, weeks, and multiple days).

[0051] Contract nature: Under the current electricity market organization model in my country, most medium and long-term contracts are financial contracts for difference (CFDs), which are not subject to mandatory physical execution but rather achieve risk hedging through price difference settlement.

[0052] Main objectives: to lock in electricity prices, revenues, or costs, thereby reducing financial risks caused by fluctuations in spot market electricity prices; and to provide medium- to long-term supply and demand signals to guide investment, maintenance, and fuel procurement decisions.

[0053] In one example, prior to performing step 102, the charge / discharge control method further includes: Based on the wind power forecast data prior to the day, the decomposition curve of medium- and long-term contracts, and the rated power of energy storage systems, determine the maximum tradable volume in the medium- and long-term market for each period prior to the day. Based on the buyer's quoted price and the predicted spot electricity price for the day, determine whether there are cross-market price arbitrage opportunities on a time-by-time basis; Based on the maximum tradable volume in the medium- and long-term markets before the current day, and whether there are cross-market arbitrage opportunities, the trading order volume in the medium- and long-term markets before the current day is generated. Determine whether the actual trading volume and trading order volume in the medium- and long-term markets were consistent prior to the date.

[0054] Compare the actual trading volume with the trading order volume for each time period; if they are inconsistent, generate medium- and long-term component orders based on the actual trading volume of the medium- and long-term market before the current day (i.e., execute step 102).

[0055] In medium- and long-term markets (such as the medium- and long-term electricity market), due to the uncertainty of counterparty bids (such as counterparty adjustments to bids or sudden changes in market supply and demand causing some contracts to fail to be executed), the actual transaction volume often deviates from the transaction order volume (such as the transaction order electricity volume). This deviation may stem from factors such as insufficient market liquidity, counterparty default risk, or information asymmetry, directly affecting the profit forecasting and decision-making robustness of market participants. Therefore, introducing a contract execution probability factor to dynamically reduce transaction volume by quantifying uncertainty can effectively improve the risk resistance of the decision-making model. This is explained from several dimensions below: Medium- to long-term market transactions (such as annual or monthly contracts) typically refer to "rolling matching" transactions.

[0056] It should be noted that medium- and long-term (buy or sell) contracts have been signed and will definitely be fulfilled. Except for special reasons on the grid side (such as reductions due to transmission safety considerations), the volume and price will not be adjusted. System constraints: Grid transmission capacity limitations or regional balancing needs force some medium- and long-term market transactions to be reduced.

[0057] Here, the contract execution probability factor (denoted by ρ, where ρ is any value between 0 and 1) is a quantitative expression of the deviation between the actual trading volume (i.e., the actual transaction volume) and the trading order volume. Its core logic is as follows: By reducing the trading volume (actual trading volume = trading order volume × ρ), the decision-making model's reliance on "full performance" is reduced, thus avoiding overestimating returns or underestimating risks.

[0058] It should be noted that the contract execution probability factor is used to simulate an actual trading volume. In practice, when the actual trading volume differs from the trading order volume, the actual trading volume is used to generate the medium- to long-term component for that day.

[0059] Based on the aforementioned risks and constraints, ρ can be dynamically updated according to historical market data or real-time market signals (such as electricity price fluctuations and supply-demand ratios) to reflect changes in uncertainty.

[0060] In the medium- and long-term electricity market, the contract execution probability factor is a key tool for quantifying transaction uncertainty and improving decision-making robustness. By determining ρ through statistical modeling, credit assessment, or scenario analysis, and integrating it into profit calculation, risk assessment, and transaction optimization models, profit deviations caused by counterparty defaults or market upheavals can be effectively avoided.

[0061] In one example, the maximum tradable volume for each period in the medium- to long-term market prior to the current day is determined based on the following steps: Obtain wind power forecast data prior to the current day, medium- and long-term contract decomposition curves, and the rated power of energy storage systems; Based on the wind power forecast data prior to the day, the decomposition curve of medium- and long-term contracts, and the rated power of the energy storage system, determine the maximum tradable volume in the medium- and long-term market for each period prior to the day.

[0062] Among them, wind power forecast data can be used to assess the expected power generation output of wind farms in future periods (such as daily, weekly, and monthly), and is the basis for formulating trading plans.

[0063] The medium- and long-term contract decomposition curve is the result of superimposing the contracts signed by the power plant for the target date (each contract has a quantity-price curve).

[0064] The rated power of an energy storage system reflects its maximum power regulation capability during charging and discharging, and can be used to smooth out wind power fluctuations, fill forecast errors, or support contract performance.

[0065] In this example, based on the wind power forecast data and medium-to-long-term contract decomposition curves determined before the day, and combined with the rated power constraints of the energy storage system, the maximum tradable volume (such as the maximum sellable / buyable rolling trading volume) that can be traded in the medium-to-long-term market at various times before the day is comprehensively determined, providing a rigid capacity boundary for subsequent medium-to-long-term rolling trading and contract increase / decrease operations.

[0066] This application determines the maximum tradable volume based on multi-dimensional constraints: combining wind power forecast data, medium- and long-term contract decomposition curves, and the rated power of energy storage systems to quantitatively calculate the maximum tradable volume, ensuring that the orders match the energy storage system, wind power output, and market demand.

[0067] After determining the maximum tradable volume for each period in the medium- to long-term market prior to the current day, the trading order volume for the medium- to long-term market is generated based on whether there are cross-market arbitrage opportunities.

[0068] Specifically, when there is a positive arbitrage opportunity in cross-market price spreads, the corresponding medium- to long-term market trading order volume is generated within the maximum tradable volume constraint to lock in cross-market price spread profits; when there is no cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity, no medium- to long-term market trading order volume is generated.

[0069] Among them, meeting the positive arbitrage profit conditions can mean that the medium- and long-term rolling electricity price and the predicted spot electricity price form an effective positive price difference, the medium- and long-term electricity sales profit is higher than the electricity sales profit of simply participating in the spot market, and conducting medium- and long-term contract trading can generate additional positive arbitrage profits.

[0070] In one example, based on the buyer's quoted price and the predicted spot electricity price for the day, the system determines whether there are cross-market arbitrage opportunities on a time-by-time basis, including: Compare buyer quotes with the forecasted spot electricity price for the day on a time-by-time basis; If there is a first period where the buyer's bid is higher than the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price, then the existence of the first type of cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity is confirmed, and an electricity selling operation is executed based on the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract; wherein, the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price is determined based on the confidence level value and the first adjustment threshold, and the first adjustment threshold is adjusted according to the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price; If the first type of cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity does not exist, the existence of the second type of cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity will be determined on a time-by-time basis based on the spot charging and discharging reference order of the day; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference order is generated based on the predicted spot electricity price of the day.

[0071] Optionally, in this example, the spot charge / discharge reference instruction is determined based on the following steps: Based on the competitive bidding space and meteorological data obtained on D-2 day, the predicted spot electricity price for each time period of the day (i.e., the time-of-use electricity price in the spot market on D day) is predicted, and the electricity price is divided into peak, flat, and valley periods according to the price time period, generating preliminary spot charge / discharge reference instructions: charging during valley periods, discharging during peak periods, and marking the flat periods as "chargeable points" or "dischargeable points" based on local electricity price levels, serving as supplementary instructions for valley charging and peak discharging. This reference instruction reflects the basic charge / discharge price difference obtainable only when participating in the spot market.

[0072] In one example, the existence of a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity is determined hourly based on the daily spot charging and discharging reference orders, including: For the second time period, if the buyer's bid is greater than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the first adjustment coefficient, then a second cross-market price arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The electricity selling operation is executed based on the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract, and a corresponding discharge instruction is generated at the same time. Among them, the spot charging and discharging reference instruction is the discharge instruction in the second time period. For the third time period, if the seller's bid is less than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the second adjustment coefficient, a second cross-market price arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The charging operation is executed based on the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract, and a corresponding charging instruction is generated at the same time. Among them, the spot charging and discharging reference instruction is the charging instruction in the third time period.

[0073] The charging and discharging control method also includes: if there is no second cross-market price arbitrage opportunity, then the electricity selling operation is performed based on the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract.

[0074] This example involves determining whether there are arbitrage opportunities between two cross-market price differences: (1) Determine whether the first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity exists. The system compares buyer quotes with the predicted spot electricity price over time periods. If a first period exists where the buyer quote is higher than the upper confidence limit of the predicted spot electricity price (e.g., a confidence level of 95% + a first adjustment threshold α), then a first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity is confirmed in that first period, and a medium- to long-term electricity sale operation is executed (i.e., an electricity sale operation is executed based on the discharge price of the medium- to long-term sale contract). At this time, only electricity trading occurs; no corresponding charging or discharging instructions are generated. The first adjustment threshold α can be adjusted based on the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price.

[0075] (2) Determine whether there is a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity. If the first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity does not exist, then the existence of a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity is determined on a time-by-time basis based on the spot charging and discharging reference order. If a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity exists, then medium- to long-term buy / sell transactions are executed, and corresponding charging and discharging orders are generated simultaneously. The judgment rules are as follows: For the second period corresponding to the discharge instruction in the spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the buyer's bid in the second period is greater than the predicted spot electricity price × the first adjustment coefficient A, then the existence of a second type of cross-market price arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The electricity selling operation is executed according to the discharge price of the medium and long-term selling contract, and the corresponding discharge instruction is executed at the same time, so that the actual selling price (i.e., the discharge price) of the energy storage system in the second period is higher than the predicted spot discharge price. For the third time period corresponding to the charging instruction in the spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the seller's quotation in the third time period is less than the predicted spot electricity price × the second adjustment coefficient B, then a second cross-market price difference arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The electricity purchase operation is executed according to the charging price of the medium- and long-term purchase contract, and the corresponding charging instruction is generated at the same time, so that the actual purchase price of the energy storage system in the third time period is lower than the predicted spot charging price.

[0076] In this embodiment, the price difference between the charging and discharging periods of the energy storage system is further widened by the aforementioned rules, achieving dual benefits from "spot price difference + cross-market price difference (i.e., the difference between the medium- and long-term rolling electricity price and the predicted spot electricity price)," thus increasing revenue sources. To avoid increasing the risk of medium- and long-term deviations, the two arbitrage methods are not combined. Optionally, the adjustment coefficient A / B can be adjusted according to the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price.

[0077] It should be noted that the threshold setting rules (e.g., confidence limit, adjustment coefficient A / B) for triggering double-layer arbitrage and the execution logic of prioritizing medium- and long-term component instructions in this application can be combined with the market risk warning module and the extreme weather prediction module to automatically adjust the threshold and priority when the market fluctuates sharply or extreme weather causes frequent power curtailment, thus ensuring the robustness and return stability of the strategy; it can also be linked with the energy storage converter control algorithm to achieve millisecond-level response and improve the ability to track real-time electricity price fluctuations in the spot market.

[0078] Cross-market price spreads refer to the price differences of the same futures contract in different markets (e.g., medium- to long-term markets and spot markets). These differences are influenced by a combination of factors, such as transportation costs and market supply and demand. Optionally, the medium- to long-term market can be any of the following: a medium- to long-term electricity market, a medium- to long-term futures market, or a medium- to long-term forward contract market.

[0079] In this example, the buyer's bid is the intended electricity price declared by the buyer in the medium- and long-term market. The medium- and long-term rolling price refers to the actual transaction price formed when a transaction is finally reached under the rolling matching mechanism of the medium- and long-term electricity market. This price is the settlement basis jointly confirmed by both the buyer and seller, and is the actual transaction price for operations such as rolling inventory adjustments, contract transfers, and increases or decreases in electricity volume. It is distinct from unilateral bids by the buyer and seller, as well as predicted prices, and possesses certainty and settlement validity.

[0080] In addition, during the medium- and long-term rolling matching transactions, the current transaction price formed in real time after the bids of the buyers and sellers are matched is the real-time transaction price for new and adjusted medium- and long-term contracts.

[0081] The discharge price and charging price of medium- and long-term contracts are fixed settlement prices agreed upon in advance in the contract, which serve as the basis for electricity settlement on the contract delivery date (i.e., the day).

[0082] In medium- and long-term new / reduction contract operations, the current medium- and long-term rolling electricity price is used for transactions, and this price is locked into the contract electricity price of the new contract. The medium- and long-term rolling electricity price is a dynamic trading price used for contract adjustments and opening positions. The contract electricity price is a static settlement price used for daily delivery settlement. Cross-market arbitrage is judged by comparing the medium- and long-term rolling electricity price (real-time) with the spot forecast price. After the transaction, the rolling electricity price is converted into the contract electricity price of the new contract, thereby locking in a high price.

[0083] It should be noted that medium- and long-term contracts can be divided into medium- and long-term sell contracts and medium- and long-term buy contracts. Medium- and long-term sell contracts correspond to data related to discharge (such as discharge instructions, discharge prices, etc.), while medium- and long-term buy contracts correspond to data related to charging (such as charging instructions, charging prices, etc.).

[0084] It should also be noted that the application scenarios of the energy storage system in this application are not limited to wind power supporting energy storage, but can also be extended to various energy storage entities such as photovoltaic power plants, solar thermal power plants, and independent energy storage power plants.

[0085] The following is a detailed description of step 103 (i.e., generating spot component instructions based on the daily updated forecast spot electricity price; wherein the daily updated forecast spot electricity price is determined based on the daily updated forecast spot electricity price using the spatial data and meteorological data of the thermal power bidding obtained on the same day).

[0086] In one example, the spot component order is determined based on the following steps: updating the forecast spot electricity price for the day based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the hot electricity bidding obtained on the same day, to obtain the updated forecast spot electricity price for the day; dividing the updated forecast spot electricity price for the day into multiple first-price periods; and generating corresponding spot component orders based on the multiple first-price periods.

[0087] For example, based on the latest electricity pricing space and meteorological data obtained on day D, the predicted spot electricity price for day D is updated. The new predicted electricity price (i.e., the predicted spot electricity price updated on that day) is divided into three segments: peak, flat, and valley. Theoretical spot charging and discharging instructions are generated: charging during valley, discharging during peak, and marking "charging points" or "discharging points" during flat periods based on local electricity price levels, serving as supplementary instructions for valley charging and peak discharging. This theoretical instruction represents the benchmark charging and discharging strategy when only participating in the spot market.

[0088] It should be noted here that the above-mentioned theoretical spot charge / discharge instructions are the same as spot component instructions; or, spot component instructions are generated based on theoretical spot charge / discharge instructions.

[0089] In one example, there are multiple first-price periods, including at least one of peak, flat, and valley periods.

[0090] Next, during multiple first-price periods, including peak, flat, and valley periods, the spot component order is used to instruct charging during valley periods and discharging during peak periods, with the flat period serving as a supplementary instruction for charging during valley periods and discharging during peak periods. This spot component order reflects the basic charge-discharge price spread available when only participating in the spot market.

[0091] Here, the flat segment can serve as a supplementary instruction for charging during valley periods and discharging during peak periods, and can refer to: During periods of flat electricity prices, local electricity price fluctuations can be dynamically marked as "chargeable points" or "dischargeable points" to serve as supplementary instructions for the strategy of charging during off-peak hours and discharging during peak hours.

[0092] When performing dynamic tagging, the following aspects can be considered: Profit Priority: Based on the comparison between local electricity prices and off-peak / peak electricity prices, dynamically assess the profit potential of charging and discharging during flat periods.

[0093] System state constraints: Combining battery SOC, device health, load requirements, etc., to ensure operational safety without compromising system efficiency.

[0094] Additional flexibility: When charging during off-peak hours or discharging during peak hours is limited (such as when off-peak electricity prices do not reach the expected low value or peak load is insufficient), the flat-peak hours serve as a backup strategy.

[0095] Here, the latest electricity price data and meteorological data obtained on the same day are used to continuously revise the previous day's predicted spot electricity price, so as to obtain a spot electricity price that is closer to the actual market situation, providing an accurate electricity price basis for real-time arbitrage of energy storage.

[0096] The following describes step 104 (i.e., generating an instruction execution sequence based on the charging and discharging constraints; wherein the instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority, with the execution priority of the medium- and long-term component instructions being higher than that of the spot component instructions) in detail.

[0097] Here, the instruction execution sequence refers to the sequence of component instructions ordered according to execution priority. This instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered according to execution priority, with the execution priority of medium- and long-term component instructions being higher than that of spot component instructions.

[0098] In step 104, based on the charging and discharging constraints, an instruction execution sequence is generated, which includes medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority. In this instruction execution sequence, the execution priority of medium- and long-term component instructions is higher than that of spot component instructions. Thus, in the operation of the spot market on the same day, the principle of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions is adopted. The medium- and long-term component instructions that have locked in a better electricity price are used as the basis, and the spot component instructions are superimposed to form the final charging and discharging plan, thereby realizing the amplification effect of the medium- and long-term market on the spot price difference.

[0099] In other words, the execution priority of medium- and long-term component instructions and the execution priority of spot component instructions in the instruction execution sequence are subject to charging and discharging constraints.

[0100] In one example, the charge / discharge constraints include at least one of the following: power limiting constraints, power output capability constraints, state of charge (SOC) constraints, and power supply priority constraints.

[0101] Here, power curtailment can refer to restrictions imposed on the charging and discharging power or total electricity consumption of energy storage systems by the power grid or user side due to power supply and demand imbalances, equipment maintenance, policy requirements, etc.; power output capacity constraints can refer to the fact that the actual charging and discharging power of the energy storage system cannot exceed the rated power due to hardware limitations of the energy storage equipment in the energy storage system (such as PCS power, battery internal resistance, cable current carrying capacity); state of charge (SOC) constraints can refer to the need to maintain the SOC within a safe range to protect battery life and avoid overcharging or over-discharging; power supply priority constraints can refer to defining the power supply sequence according to load type or user demand (such as prioritizing plant power supply, with plant power supply sequence preceding the charging and discharging of the energy storage system).

[0102] It should be noted that power curtailment constraints and power supply priority constraints are generally of the highest priority and are directly related to system security and grid stability.

[0103] Power output capability constraints and SOC constraints are the next highest priority to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

[0104] Medium- and long-term component orders and / or spot component orders have low priority and must be executed after the prerequisite constraints (i.e., at least one of the following constraints: power curtailment constraint, power output capacity constraint, state of charge (SOC) constraint, and power supply priority constraint) are met.

[0105] The embodiments of this application quantify the execution priority of component instructions through multi-dimensional constraints, which can realize the orderly and coordinated execution of medium- and long-term contract performance and spot arbitrage strategies, avoid instruction conflicts, conform to the actual operating boundaries of the energy storage system, and improve the rationality of scheduling decisions and operational stability.

[0106] The following example uses power limiting constraints.

[0107] In one example, based on charge / discharge constraints, an instruction execution sequence is generated, including: Determine whether the power rationing constraints are met on a time-by-time basis; If the power rationing constraint is not met, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, on the basis of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions, spot component instructions are superimposed. If the power rationing constraint is met, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, after determining that the power rationing charging condition is met, spot component instructions are superimposed on the priority execution of medium and long-term component instructions.

[0108] In this example, taking a power rationing scenario as an example, hierarchical scheduling priorities are established by category: Charging period: Power-limited charging > Charging orders executed in medium- and long-term component orders > Charging orders executed in spot component orders; Discharge period: Plant power supply > Discharge instructions in medium- and long-term component orders > Discharge instructions in spot component orders; This mechanism ensures that, given a better price already locked in in the medium to long term, medium- and long-term component orders are prioritized for execution, and then spot component orders are used to fill the remaining capacity, making the overall charging and discharging price difference of energy storage greater than the price difference of participating only in the spot market.

[0109] Specifically, it is determined whether the power rationing constraints are met in each time period, taking into account the power rationing situation. If the power rationing constraints are not met (i.e., no power rationing), an instruction execution sequence is generated. This instruction execution sequence is based on medium- and long-term component instructions and superimposed with spot component instructions to form the final charging and discharging plan, ensuring that the locked-in better price is executed first, thereby amplifying the effect of the medium- and long-term market on the spot price difference. If the power curtailment constraint is met (i.e., power curtailment), only the energy storage system will be dispatched for charging. Discharge instructions corresponding to medium- and long-term sell contracts will be automatically cancelled (i.e., set to 0). Charging instructions corresponding to medium- and long-term buy contracts will be executed after the power curtailment charging condition is met (i.e., power curtailment charging conditions). In addition to the recharging instructions, medium- and long-term component instructions will be executed to maximize the realization of locked-in low-price charging opportunities while absorbing wind power. Of these charging conditions, the power curtailment constraint can be set according to revenue requirements, but this constraint is mandatory and cannot be changed based on revenue requirements.

[0110] In this example, this application establishes a hierarchical scheduling priority for power-limited scenarios: a priority rule of "power-limited charging > execution of medium- and long-term component instructions > execution of spot component instructions" to ensure the robustness of the strategy under power-limited conditions.

[0111] During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage system, the above instructions are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time SOC of the energy storage system to prevent overcharging and over-discharging and ensure the safe operation of the energy storage system.

[0112] The following is a detailed description of step 105 (i.e., scheduling the energy storage system to charge and discharge according to the instruction sequence).

[0113] In step 105, component instructions are issued sequentially according to the instruction execution list formed by order of execution priority. The energy storage system is coordinated to carry out charging and discharging regulation in a hierarchical manner, giving priority to ensuring the output of medium and long-term contracts, and then superimposing the output of spot market-based regulation, so as to meet the charging and discharging constraints throughout the process.

[0114] This application uses the medium- and long-term market as a "price spread amplifier" for energy storage systems' charging and discharging. Building upon the basic arbitrage model of "charging during off-peak hours and discharging during peak hours" in the spot market, it further expands the price spread between charging and discharging by introducing medium- and long-term market transactions (i.e., buying and selling operations in the medium- and long-term market), achieving a dual superposition of cross-market and cross-temporal arbitrage. Through a two-layer arbitrage mechanism, it prioritizes capturing the first type of cross-market price spread opportunity. Then, for conventional energy storage arbitrage, it ensures that the medium- and long-term buying price during charging periods is lower than the spot charging price, and the medium- and long-term selling price during discharging periods is higher than the spot discharging price. During intraday operations, it prioritizes the execution of medium- and long-term component orders, supplemented by spot component orders, achieving a double superposition of "spot price spread + cross-market price spread," significantly widening the overall charging and discharging price spread for energy storage and improving the overall efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0115] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a charge / discharge control method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 The charging and discharging control method can be implemented in the following steps: During the D-2 day medium-to-long-term market trading window, based on the spot charging and discharging reference orders and the two-layer arbitrage judgment logic, medium-to-long-term buying and selling are conducted and corresponding charging and discharging orders are generated: Step 1: Based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the electricity price competition obtained on D-2, predict the spot electricity price for D day, and divide the predicted spot electricity price for D day into multiple second-price periods to generate spot charging and discharging reference instructions.

[0116] Specifically, based on market data (such as electricity price range data) and meteorological data obtained on D-2, the predicted spot electricity price (i.e., time-of-use price) on D-2 is predicted. This predicted spot electricity price on D-2 is divided into three segments: peak, flat, and valley. A reference instruction for charging and discharging is generated: charging during valley, discharging during peak, and marking "charging points" or "discharging points" during flat periods based on local electricity price levels, serving as a supplementary instruction for valley charging and peak discharging. This reference instruction reflects the basic charging and discharging price difference obtainable only when participating in the spot market.

[0117] Step 2: Based on the wind power forecast data for D-2 day, the decomposition curve of medium- and long-term contracts, and the rated power of energy storage systems, calculate the maximum tradable volume in the medium- and long-term market for each period on D-2 day.

[0118] Step 3: Based on the rolling price in the medium- to long-term market and the predicted spot electricity price obtained in Step 1, conduct a two-layer arbitrage strategy to increase revenue streams. To avoid increasing the risk of medium- to long-term deviations, the two arbitrage strategies are not combined.

[0119] (1) Determine whether the first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity exists. The system compares buyer quotes with the predicted spot electricity price over time periods. If a first period exists where the buyer quote is higher than the upper confidence limit of the predicted spot electricity price (e.g., a confidence level of 95% + a first adjustment threshold α), then a first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity is confirmed in that first period, and a medium- to long-term electricity sale operation is executed (i.e., an electricity sale operation is executed based on the discharge price of the medium- to long-term sale contract). At this time, only electricity trading occurs; no corresponding charging or discharging instructions are generated. The first adjustment threshold α can be adjusted based on the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price.

[0120] When the existence of the first type of cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity is confirmed, a first type of cross-market price spread arbitrage trading order is generated based on the maximum tradable volume in the first time period. This trading order is used to execute medium- and long-term electricity selling operations (i.e., the charging order in the medium- and long-term component order = 0), and no order is generated to dispatch the energy storage system for charging and discharging.

[0121] (2) Determine whether there is a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity. If the first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity does not exist, then the existence of a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity is determined on a time-by-time basis based on the spot charging and discharging reference order. If a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity exists, then medium- to long-term buy / sell transactions are executed, and corresponding charging and discharging orders are generated simultaneously. The judgment rules are as follows: For the second time period corresponding to the discharge instruction in the spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the buyer's bid in the second time period is greater than the predicted spot electricity price × the first adjustment coefficient A, then the existence of a second type of cross-market price arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The electricity selling operation is executed according to the discharge price of the medium and long-term selling contract, and the corresponding discharge instruction is executed at the same time, so that the actual selling price of the energy storage system in the second time period (i.e., the discharge price) is higher than the predicted spot discharge price.

[0122] Here, generating the corresponding discharge instruction may include the following steps: calculating and determining the trading instruction volume of the medium- and long-term market based on the maximum tradable volume of the current period (i.e., the second period) and the charging and discharging reference instruction; if the trading instruction volume is inconsistent with the actual trading volume, then generating the discharge instruction in the medium- and long-term component instruction based on the actual trading volume.

[0123] For the third time period corresponding to the charging instruction in the spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the seller's quotation in the third time period is less than the predicted spot electricity price × the second adjustment coefficient B, then a second cross-market price difference arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The electricity purchase operation is executed according to the charging price of the medium- and long-term purchase contract, and the corresponding charging instruction is generated at the same time, so that the actual purchase price of the energy storage system in the third time period is lower than the predicted spot charging price.

[0124] Here, generating the corresponding discharge instruction may include the following steps: calculating and determining the trading instruction volume of the medium- and long-term market based on the maximum tradable volume of the current period (i.e., the third period) and the charging and discharging reference instruction; if the trading instruction volume is inconsistent with the actual trading volume, then generating the charging instruction in the medium- and long-term component instruction based on the actual trading volume.

[0125] If there is no second cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity, execute the medium- and long-term electricity selling operation based on the selling price of the medium- and long-term selling contract (i.e., the charging instruction in the medium- and long-term component order = 0).

[0126] In this embodiment, the price difference between the charging and discharging periods of the energy storage system is further widened by the aforementioned rules, achieving dual benefits from "spot price difference (i.e., the difference between the medium- and long-term rolling electricity price and the predicted spot electricity price) + cross-market price difference," thus increasing revenue sources. To avoid increasing the risk of medium- and long-term deviations, the two arbitrage strategies are not combined. Optionally, the adjustment coefficient A / B can be adjusted according to the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price to achieve adaptive optimization of the strategy.

[0127] Step 4: Based on the maximum tradable volume of the medium-to-long-term market on day D-2 calculated in Step 2 and the judgment result of Step 3 (i.e. whether there is a cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity), generate the trading order volume of the medium-to-long-term market.

[0128] Step 5: On D-1, based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market on D-2; if the actual trading volume is inconsistent with the trading order volume, then the medium- and long-term component of the energy storage charging and discharging order on D-2 is determined based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market on D-2. The medium- and long-term market is subject to the counterparty's quotation and volume reporting, which may result in a discrepancy between the actual transaction volume and the trading order volume in the medium- and long-term market. This application introduces a contract execution probability factor to reduce the trading volume during the calculation, ensuring the robustness of the decision model's calculation results.

[0129] The following describes the energy storage control logic that integrates the execution of medium- and long-term contracts with the charging and discharging opportunities in the spot market during real-time operation on day D: Step 6: Based on the latest thermal power bidding spatial data and meteorological data obtained on day D, update the predicted spot electricity price for day D. Divide the new predicted price into three segments: peak, flat, and valley, and generate spot component instructions: charging during valley, discharging during peak, and marking the flat segment as a "charging point" or "discharging point" based on the local electricity price level, serving as a supplementary instruction for valley charging and peak discharging. This spot component instruction represents the benchmark charging and discharging strategy when only participating in the spot market.

[0130] Step 7: Obtain the following two components respectively: Medium- and long-term component orders: determined based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market on D-2 day. This portion of charging and discharging power has been locked in on D-2 day at a price in the medium- and long-term market that is better than the spot price (charging price is lower than the spot charging price, and discharging price is higher than the spot discharging price), which is the core source of widening the price difference; Spot arbitrage orders: Used to capture remaining spot arbitrage opportunities after completing medium- to long-term arbitrage orders.

[0131] Next, based on the charging and discharging constraints, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein the instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority, with the execution priority of the medium- and long-term component instructions being higher than that of the spot component instructions.

[0132] It should be noted that the instruction execution sequence is generated by superimposing the above two components, but is subject to at least one of the following constraints: power curtailment, rated power of energy storage, allowable range of SOC, and priority of passive supply of plant power.

[0133] Step 8: Determine whether the power rationing constraints are met for each time period: If the power rationing constraint is not met, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, on the basis of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions, spot component instructions are superimposed. If the power rationing constraint is met, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, after determining that the power rationing charging condition is met, spot component instructions are superimposed on the priority execution of medium and long-term component instructions.

[0134] In this example, this application establishes a hierarchical scheduling priority for power-limited scenarios: a priority rule of "power-limited charging > execution of medium- and long-term component instructions > execution of spot component instructions" to ensure the robustness of the strategy under power-limited conditions.

[0135] During the charging and discharging process of the energy storage system, the above instructions are dynamically adjusted according to the real-time SOC of the energy storage system to prevent overcharging and over-discharging and ensure the safe operation of the energy storage system.

[0136] This application has the following technical effects: (1) Incorporate the buying and selling operations of the medium and long term market into the energy storage charging and discharging decision-making, thereby using this as the basis for expanding the price difference, and construct a deep integration mechanism between the medium and long term market and the spot market. The charging and discharging price difference is systematically amplified through cross-market arbitrage, rather than simply choosing one market to participate in or fine optimization within a single market.

[0137] (2) Two-level arbitrage triggering mechanism: Through the two-level judgment of the first type of cross-market arbitrage and the second type of cross-market arbitrage, pure power trading (i.e., medium and long-term market trading) and energy storage charging and discharging scenarios are handled respectively to ensure that cross-market price differences are effectively captured; (3) Intraday integration execution mechanism: During the operation of D day, the medium and long-term component orders with locked-in better prices are given priority for execution, and spot component orders are used as a supplement to ensure that the expanded price difference can be realized.

[0138] (4) Multidimensional constraints determine the maximum tradable volume: Combine wind power forecast data, medium and long-term contract decomposition curves and the rated power of the energy storage system to quantitatively calculate the maximum tradable volume, ensuring that the order matches the energy storage system, wind power output and market demand; (5) Hierarchical scheduling priority for power rationing scenarios: Establish a priority rule of "power rationing charging > executing medium and long-term component instructions > executing spot component instructions" for power rationing scenarios to ensure the robustness of the strategy under power rationing scenarios.

[0139] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a charge / discharge control device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 The charging and discharging control device may include: a price prediction module 301, configured to predict the current day's spot electricity price based on spatial data and meteorological data of the electricity price competition acquired before the current day; wherein the predicted spot electricity price includes a predicted spot charging price and / or a predicted spot discharging price; and a first instruction generation module 302, configured to generate medium- and long-term component instructions based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market before the current day; wherein the medium- and long-term component instructions include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein the charging instruction is used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the current day's predicted spot charging price; and the discharging instruction is used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the discharging price of the medium- and long-term sell contract is higher than the current day's predicted spot charging price. The system dispatches the energy storage system to perform electricity sales operations when the spot price is in effect. A second instruction generation module 303 is configured to generate spot component instructions based on the updated predicted spot price for the day. The updated predicted spot price is determined by updating the predicted spot price based on the spatial data and meteorological data obtained on that day. A sequence generation module 304 is configured to generate an instruction execution sequence based on charging and discharging constraints. The instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority, with the medium- and long-term component instructions having a higher execution priority than the spot component instructions. A charging and discharging control module 305 is configured to dispatch the energy storage system for charging and discharging according to the instruction execution sequence.

[0140] Optionally, the charging and discharging control device further includes: a first determining module configured to determine the maximum tradable volume in each period of the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day based on the wind power forecast data, the medium- and long-term contract decomposition curve, and the rated power of the energy storage system; a judging module configured to judge whether there is an arbitrage opportunity across market price differences based on the buyer's bid and the predicted spot electricity price for the current day, period by period; a fourth instruction generating module configured to generate the trading instruction volume in the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day based on the maximum tradable volume in each period of the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day and whether there is an arbitrage opportunity across market price differences; a second determining module configured to determine whether the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day is consistent with the trading instruction volume; and a fifth instruction generating module configured to generate a medium- and long-term component instruction based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day if they are inconsistent.

[0141] Optionally, the judgment module includes: a comparison unit configured to compare buyer quotations with the predicted spot electricity price for the day on a time-by-time basis; a first execution unit configured to, if there is a first time period in which the buyer quotation is higher than the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price, confirm the existence of a first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity in the first time period, and execute an electricity selling operation based on the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract; wherein, the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price is determined based on a confidence level value and a first adjustment threshold, and the first adjustment threshold is adjusted according to the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price; and a judgment unit configured to, if there is no first type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity, determine whether there is a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity on a time-by-time basis based on the spot charging and discharging reference instruction for the day; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference instruction is generated by dividing the predicted spot electricity price for the day into multiple second electricity price time periods.

[0142] Optionally, the judgment unit is further configured to: for the second time period corresponding to the discharge instruction in the spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the buyer's bid in the second time period is greater than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the first adjustment coefficient, then confirm the existence of a second type of cross-market price arbitrage opportunity, execute an electricity selling operation based on the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract, and simultaneously generate a corresponding discharge instruction; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference instruction is a discharge instruction in the second time period; for the third time period corresponding to the charging instruction in the spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the seller's bid in the third time period is less than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the second adjustment coefficient, then confirm the existence of a second type of cross-market price arbitrage opportunity, execute a charging operation based on the charging price of the medium- and long-term buying contract, and simultaneously generate a corresponding charging instruction; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference instruction is a charging instruction in the third time period.

[0143] Optionally, the charging and discharging constraints include at least one of the following: power limiting constraints, power output capability constraints, state of charge constraints, and power supply priority constraints. And / or, the sequence generation module 304 is further configured to: determine whether the power-limiting constraint conditions are met on a time-by-time basis; if the power-limiting constraint conditions are not met, generate an instruction execution sequence; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, on the basis of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions, spot component instructions are superimposed; if the power-limiting constraint conditions are met, generate an instruction execution sequence; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, after determining that the power-limiting charging conditions are met, on the basis of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions, spot component instructions are superimposed.

[0144] Optionally, the charging and discharging control device further includes: a processing module configured to update the predicted spot electricity price for the day based on the spatial data of the electricity price competition and meteorological data acquired on the day, to obtain the updated predicted spot electricity price for the day; a division module configured to divide the updated predicted spot electricity price for the day into multiple first electricity price periods; and a third instruction generation module configured to generate corresponding spot component instructions based on the multiple first electricity price periods.

[0145] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program information. After reading the program information, the computer executes the steps of the charge-discharge control method described in any of the above schemes.

[0146] This application provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the charge / discharge control method described in any of the above schemes.

[0147] This application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 4As shown, the electronic device includes at least one processor 31 and at least one memory 32. The at least one memory 32 stores program information. After reading the program information, the at least one processor 31 executes the charge / discharge control method described in any of the above method embodiments. The device may further include an input device 33 and an output device 34. The processor 31, memory 32, input device 33, and output device 34 can be communicatively connected. The memory 32, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules. The processor 31 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 32, thereby implementing the charge / discharge control method provided in any of the above embodiments. The memory 32 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the charge / discharge control method, etc. Furthermore, the memory 32 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 32 may optionally include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 31, which can be connected via a network to execute the charge / discharge control method. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof. The input device 33 can receive user clicks and generate signal inputs related to user settings and function control of the charge / discharge control method. The output device 34 may include a display device such as a screen. When the one or more modules are stored in the memory 32 and are executed by the one or more processors 31, the charge / discharge control method in any of the above method embodiments is performed.

[0148] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A charging and discharging control method, characterized in that, The method includes: The predicted spot electricity price for the day is predicted based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the electricity bidding obtained before the day; wherein, the predicted spot electricity price for the day includes the predicted spot charging price and / or the predicted spot discharging price for the day. Medium- and long-term component instructions are generated based on the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day; wherein, the medium- and long-term component instructions include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein, the charging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the predicted spot charging price of the current day; the discharging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform electricity selling operations when the discharging price of the medium- and long-term sell contract is higher than the predicted spot discharging price of the current day; The spot component order is generated based on the updated forecast spot electricity price of the day; wherein, the updated forecast spot electricity price of the day is determined based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the thermal power bidding obtained on the day. Based on the charging and discharging constraints, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein, the instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered according to execution priority, with the execution priority of the medium- and long-term component instructions being higher than that of the spot component instructions; The energy storage system is scheduled to charge and discharge according to the instructions.

2. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the wind power forecast data prior to the day, the decomposition curve of medium- and long-term contracts, and the rated power of energy storage systems, determine the maximum tradable volume in the medium- and long-term market for each period prior to the day. Based on the buyer's quoted price and the predicted spot electricity price for the day, determine whether there are cross-market price arbitrage opportunities on a time-by-time basis; Based on the maximum tradable volume in the medium- and long-term markets before the current day, and whether there are cross-market arbitrage opportunities, the trading order volume in the medium- and long-term markets before the current day is generated. Determine whether the actual trading volume in the medium- and long-term markets prior to that day is consistent with the trading order volume; If there is a discrepancy, a medium-to-long-term component order will be generated based on the actual trading volume of the medium-to-long-term market prior to that day.

3. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of determining whether cross-market arbitrage opportunities exist based on the buyer's quoted price and the predicted spot electricity price for the day, on a time-by-time basis, includes: Compare buyer quotes with the forecasted spot electricity price for the day on a time-by-time basis; If there is a first period where the buyer's bid is higher than the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price, then the existence of the first type of cross-market price spread arbitrage opportunity in the first period is confirmed, and the electricity selling operation is executed according to the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract; wherein, the upper limit of the predicted spot electricity price is determined based on the confidence level value and the first adjustment threshold, and the first adjustment threshold is adjusted according to the accuracy of the predicted spot electricity price; If the first type of cross-market price arbitrage opportunity does not exist, the existence of the second type of cross-market price arbitrage opportunity is determined on a time-by-time basis according to the spot charging and discharging reference instruction of the day; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference instruction is generated by dividing the predicted spot electricity price of the day into multiple second electricity price time periods.

4. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method of determining whether a second type of cross-market arbitrage opportunity exists based on the daily spot charging and discharging reference orders for each time period includes: For the second time period corresponding to the discharge instruction in the spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the buyer's bid in the second time period is greater than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the first adjustment coefficient, then a second cross-market price arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The electricity selling operation is executed according to the discharge price of the medium- and long-term selling contract, and a corresponding discharge instruction is generated at the same time; wherein, the spot charging and discharging reference instruction is a discharge instruction in the second time period. For the third time period corresponding to the charging instruction in the aforementioned spot charging and discharging reference instruction, if the seller's quote is less than the product of the predicted spot electricity price and the second adjustment coefficient during the third time period, then a second type of cross-market price arbitrage opportunity is confirmed. The charging operation is executed based on the charging price of the medium-to-long-term buy contract, and a corresponding charging instruction is generated simultaneously. The spot charging and discharging reference instruction is the charging instruction during the third time period.

5. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging and discharging constraints include at least one of the following: power limiting constraints, power output capability constraints, state of charge constraints, and power supply priority constraints. And / or, generating the instruction execution sequence based on the charge / discharge constraints includes: Determine whether the power rationing constraints are met on a time-by-time basis; If the power rationing constraint is not met, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, on the basis of prioritizing the execution of medium- and long-term component instructions, spot component instructions are superimposed. If the power-limiting constraint is met, an instruction execution sequence is generated; wherein, the instruction execution sequence is used to indicate that, after determining that the power-limiting charging condition is met, spot component instructions are superimposed on the priority execution of medium- and long-term component instructions.

6. The charging and discharging control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spot quantity order is determined based on the following steps: Based on the spatial data of electricity bidding and meteorological data obtained on the same day, the predicted spot electricity price for the day is updated to obtain the updated predicted spot electricity price for the day. The updated forecast spot electricity price for the day is divided into several first-price periods; The corresponding spot component orders are generated based on multiple first-price periods.

7. A charging and discharging control device, characterized in that, The device includes: The electricity price forecasting module is configured to forecast the spot electricity price for the day based on the spatial data of the hot coal bidding and meteorological data obtained before the day; wherein, the forecast spot electricity price for the day includes the forecast spot charging price and / or the forecast spot discharging price for the day. The first instruction generation module is configured to generate medium- and long-term component instructions based on the actual trading volume of the medium- and long-term market prior to the current day; wherein, the medium- and long-term component instructions include charging instructions and / or discharging instructions; wherein, the charging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform charging operations when the charging price of the medium- and long-term buy contract is lower than the predicted spot charging price of the current day; the discharging instructions are used to instruct the energy storage system to perform electricity selling operations when the discharging price of the medium- and long-term sell contract is higher than the predicted spot discharging price of the current day; The second instruction generation module is configured to generate spot component instructions based on the daily updated forecast spot electricity price; wherein, the daily updated forecast spot electricity price is determined based on the daily updated forecast spot electricity price based on the spatial data and meteorological data of the thermal power bidding obtained on the same day. The sequence generation module is configured to generate an instruction execution sequence based on charge and discharge constraints; wherein the instruction execution sequence includes at least medium- and long-term component instructions and spot component instructions ordered by execution priority, with the execution priority of the medium- and long-term component instructions being higher than that of the spot component instructions; The charge / discharge control module is configured to execute a sequence scheduling of the energy storage system for charging and discharging according to the instructions.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; And a memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by at least one of the processors to enable at least one of the processors to perform the charge / discharge control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores computer instructions, which, when executed by the computer, are used to perform all the steps of the charge / discharge control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the charge / discharge control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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