River fish bait rearing field

Abstract

The utility model provides a river fish cable bait field which comprises a natural river channel section and an ecological ditch, one side or two sides of the natural river channel section are provided with gentle slope beach land, the ecological ditch is arranged on the upper edge of the gentle slope beach land, the ecological ditch extends along a bank line, the ecological ditch is provided with more than one discharge port, submerged dam groups distributed in an array mode are arranged on the gentle slope beach land, and the submerged dam groups are arranged on the gentle slope beach land. The submerged dams are in a C shape, in the same submerged dam group, openings of all the submerged dams face the river bank close to the submerged dam group, every two adjacent rows of submerged dams are distributed in a staggered mode, and vegetation is planted on the gentle slope beach land on one side or two sides of the natural river channel section and the beach. The bait rearing field is simple, reasonable in design and convenient to construct, by arranging the ecological ditches, on one hand, river non-point source pollution can be collected and intercepted to a certain extent, the pollution load entering the river is reduced, the ecological environment of river water is improved, and on the other hand, nutrient substances in the non-point source pollution can be promoted to be converted into bait biological productivity; and it is avoided that bait organisms are put into productivity in other modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of water ecological restoration, in particular to a feeding ground for river fish. Background Art

[0002] Feeding grounds are important places for fish clusters to feed and fatten. They are generally distributed in river and lake shore wetlands, shoal wetlands, river confluences, and estuaries of lakes (reservoirs). These areas have wide water surfaces and slow currents. Due to the impact of perennial water flow, they bring rich nutrients from upstream and surrounding areas. They have high organic matter and bait biomass, which can meet the foraging, fattening, and growth needs of fish clusters. If the water quality, water flow and bottom conditions in the area are good, they can also attract young fish to swim upstream to feed.

[0003] Under natural conditions, topographic conditions, bottom quality, flow rate, riverbank vegetation, aquatic plants, water quality, etc. are all important factors affecting fish feeding grounds. With the rapid economic development, human activities such as pollution discharge, sand dredging, silt removal, removal of aquatic plants, dam and bank protection construction, riverside roads, and river regulation have had an adverse impact on the ecological environment of water bodies, and the habitats for fish to live and feed have been destroyed or lost, and the amount and diversity of aquatic biological resources have decreased.

[0004] Therefore, in the context of reduced quality of fish foraging habitats and shrinking habitats, it is particularly important to take certain ecological restoration measures to repair the structure and function of fish foraging and habitats. This is also a realistic choice for protecting fish natural resources in the context of the continuous deepening of river and lake development.

[0005] In recent years, as the concept of water ecological protection has gradually gained popularity, some researchers have begun to pay attention to the field of fish habitat restoration, and have carried out research and development of applicable technologies, forming some good technical solutions. For example: "A vertical slit fishway with the function of a small feeding field and wintering field" (Chinese patent application number 202110331261.1) invented a vertical slit fishway with the function of a small feeding field and wintering field, which constructs the fishway into an open small water area suitable for fish feeding and wintering, which can not only cultivate a long-term and stable habitat, reproduction, and migration space for local fish, but also expand the use time of the fishway; "A composite ecological slope protection for restoring the habitat of fish that lay sticky eggs in the river" (Chinese patent application number 202110263173.2) invented a composite ecological slope protection for restoring the habitat of fish that lay sticky eggs in the river, and solved the problems of creating a microenvironment for fish spawning, temporary risk avoidance, and convenience of egg protection behavior in terms of slope protection material, shape, growth of submerged plants, and convenience of microbial film.

[0006] The above technologies have their own characteristics in the research and development of fish habitat restoration technology, providing a good technical idea for the restoration of fish habitat. Feeding grounds are an indispensable part of the important habitat of "three fields and one channel" for fish. At present, there is still a lack of mature technical solutions for the restoration and construction technology of fish feeding grounds, and further technical research and development is needed. Summary of the invention

[0007] Based on the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a feeding ground for river fish. The feeding ground is simple and easy to construct. While creating a fish feeding habitat, it can intercept local area non-point source pollution, reduce the pollution load entering the river, better promote the protection and maintenance of fish resources, and help form a good river water ecosystem.

[0008] The technical solution adopted to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the utility model is:

[0009] A feeding ground for river fish, including a natural river section and an ecological ditch, wherein the natural river section has a gentle slope beach on one side or both sides, the ecological ditch is arranged at the upper edge of the gentle slope beach on one side or both sides of the natural river section, the ecological ditch extends along the coastline, the ecological ditch has a drop, and the lowest point of the ecological ditch is a gathering area, the gathering area of ​​the ecological ditch faces one side of the gentle slope beach and is provided with more than one discharge outlet, an array of submerged dams are arranged on the gentle slope beach on one side or both sides of the natural river section, the submerged dams are "C" shaped, in the same submerged dam group, all submerged dam openings face the river bank close to the submerged dam group, two adjacent rows of submerged dams are staggered, and vegetation is planted on the gentle slope beach and the beach on one side or both sides of the natural river section.

[0010] The slope of the gentle slope beach is less than 5°.

[0011] The ecological ditch is a permeable dry structure, and a filling layer and a vegetation layer are arranged in the ecological ditch. The filling layer is composed of a gravel layer, a volcanic rock layer and a peat soil layer laid in sequence from bottom to top, and the vegetation layer is indigenous herbaceous plants planted on the peat soil layer.

[0012] The cross section of the ecological ditch is parabolic, the side slope is 1:3, and the longitudinal slope is not more than 1%.

[0013] The submerged dam group is located between the highest water level and the lowest water level of the corresponding gentle slope beach.

[0014] In the same submerged dam group, the same row of submerged dams is located on the same contour line.

[0015] The edge of the submerged dam is surrounded by a plurality of wooden piles whose lower ends are buried in the corresponding gentle slope beach, and the space surrounded by the wooden piles is filled with pebbles.

[0016] The waterfront edge of the gentle slope beach is provided with a plurality of tree roots arranged at equal intervals, and the root of each tree root faces the water flow.

[0017] The vegetation species are local indigenous plants, and the vegetation species are selected from one of bermudagrass, bullwhip, cattail, ryegrass and vetiver.

[0018] If there is a river embankment on the upper edge of the gentle slope beach on one or both sides of the natural river section, the ecological ditch shall be set up outside the corresponding river embankment.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects and advantages of the utility model are:

[0020] 1. The feeding ground has a diversified river habitat structure, which can effectively improve the homogenization and hardening of river habitats caused by the implementation of hard bank protection, sand mining, dams and other engineering construction projects. It can provide a suitable feeding place for fish growth, feeding and fattening, significantly improve the quality of fish habitats, and reduce the impact of water-related engineering construction on the aquatic ecosystem.

[0021] 2. The scale and area of ​​the feeding grounds can be determined based on the resource quantity and feeding needs of different types of fish, combined with the location of the fish spawning grounds. At the same time, the feeding grounds can be managed and protected, which can effectively increase the fish resource quantity, promote the effective implementation of fishery production, and better maintain the sustainable utilization and protection of fish resources.

[0022] 3. The feeding site is simple, reasonably designed and easy to construct. By setting up ecological ditches, on the one hand, it can collect and intercept river non-point source pollution to a certain extent, reduce the pollution load entering the river, protect the water quality of the river, and improve the river water ecological environment. On the other hand, it can promote the conversion of nutrients in non-point source pollution into bait biological productivity and avoid inputting bait biological productivity through other means. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the feeding grounds for river fish.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the submerged dam.

[0025] Among them, 1-natural river section: 101-gentle slope beach; 2-ecological ditch; 201-outlet; 3-submerged dam: 301-wooden piles, 302-pebbles; 4-tree roots; 5-highest water level line; 6-lowest water level line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] The schematic diagram of the feeding ground of river fish provided in this embodiment is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes natural river sections and ecological ditches.

[0028] The natural river section 1 starts from the end of the upstream river or upstream river tributary of a large reservoir 5 km away from the reservoir entrance, and the length of the natural river section 1 is 300 meters. The right side of the natural river section 1 is a river bank, which has a gentle slope beach 101 with a slope of less than 5°, and the river bank has a certain drop.

[0029] Ecological ditch 2 is arranged at the upper edge of the gentle slope beach 101, and extends along the coastline. The length of ecological ditch 2 is set according to the terrain conditions and is generally not less than 1000m. The ecological ditch 2 is high on both sides and low in the middle. Seven outlets 201 are set in the middle of the ecological ditch 2 on the side facing the gentle slope beach. Through the outlets 201, non-point source pollution is collected and purified by the ecological ditch and then flows into the gentle slope beach 101. The main function of ecological ditch 2 is to collect non-point source pollution in the local area of ​​the target river channel, introduce the initially purified non-point source pollution into the feeding ground construction area, and promote the conversion of nutrients in non-point source pollution into bait biological productivity.

[0030] Ecological ditch 2 is a permeable dry structure, and a filler layer and a vegetation layer are provided in the ecological ditch 2. The thickness of the filler layer is 20 to 30 cm, and the filler layer is composed of a gravel layer, a volcanic rock layer and a peat soil layer laid in sequence from bottom to top. The vegetation layer is indigenous herbaceous plants planted on the peat soil layer, and is planted by combining artificial planting and grass seed sowing.

[0031] The cross section of the ecological ditch 2 is parabolic, the side slope is 1:3, and the longitudinal slope is not more than 1%. The width of the ecological ditch 2 is 30 to 80 cm, and the depth is 30 to 50 cm.

[0032] A cushion layer is laid on the bottom of the gentle slope beach 101 to improve the bottom. The thickness of the cushion layer is 30 to 50 cm. The cushion layer has good water permeability and is generally composed of matrix materials such as large gravel, pebbles, and sand. Among them, the number of large gravel and pebbles (long diameter ≥ 5 cm) accounts for no less than 60%.

[0033] A submerged dam group is provided on the gentle slope beach 101 between the highest water level 5 and the lowest water level 6. The submerged dam group is composed of multiple rows of submerged dams 3, and the number of rows of submerged dams 3 can be set according to the terrain conditions. Figure 2 As shown, the submerged dam 3 is "C"-shaped, the inner diameter of the submerged dam 3 is 80-150 cm, and the dam width is 10-80 cm.

[0034] The submerged dams 3 in the same row are located on the same contour line, and the spacing between the submerged dams 3 is determined according to the terrain conditions, generally 200 to 500 cm. The submerged dams 3 in two adjacent rows are staggered, and all the openings of the submerged dams 3 face the river bank that is closer to the submerged dam group.

[0035] The edge of the submerged dam 3 is surrounded by a plurality of wooden piles 301 whose lower ends are buried in the corresponding gentle slope beach. The portion of each wooden pile 302 buried in the gentle slope beach 2 is not less than 100 cm, and the portion protruding from the ground of the gentle slope beach 101 is generally 20 to 50 cm. The space surrounded by the wooden piles 301 is filled with pebbles 302, and the diameter of the pebbles 302 is 5 to 20 cm.

[0036] A plurality of equally spaced tree roots 4 are arranged on the waterfront edge of the gentle slope beach 2, and the root of each tree root 4 faces the water flow. The tree roots 4 can create a diverse habitat and alleviate the erosion of the river bank by the water flow.

[0037] Both the gentle slope beach 101 and the beach are planted with vegetation, which can provide a place for bait organisms and microorganisms to attach, provide a place for fish to forage, grow and fatten, and promote the transformation of nutrients into bait organism productivity and water purification. The types of vegetation should be selected from local indigenous plant species, and terrestrial and wet plants are generally recommended, such as bermudagrass, bullwhip grass, cattail, ryegrass, vetiver, etc.

Claims

1. A feeding ground for river fish. Features: It includes a natural river section and an ecological ditch. The natural river section has a gentle slope beach on one side or both sides. The ecological ditch is set at the upper edge of the gentle slope beach on one side or both sides of the natural river section. The ecological ditch extends along the coastline. The ecological ditch has a drop, and the lowest point of the ecological ditch is the gathering area. The gathering area of ​​the ecological ditch faces the side of the gentle slope beach and is equipped with more than one discharge outlet. There are array-distributed submerged dams on the gentle slope beach on one side or both sides of the natural river section. The submerged dams are "C"-shaped. In the same submerged dam group, all submerged dam openings face the river bank close to the submerged dam group. Two adjacent rows of submerged dams are staggered. Vegetation is planted on the gentle slope beach and the beach on one side or both sides of the natural river section.

2. A feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: The slope of the gentle slope beach is less than 5°.

3. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: The ecological ditch is a permeable dry structure, and a filling layer and a vegetation layer are arranged in the ecological ditch. The filling layer is composed of a gravel layer, a volcanic rock layer and a peat soil layer laid in sequence from bottom to top, and the vegetation layer is indigenous herbaceous plants planted on the peat soil layer.

4. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 2, Features: The cross section of the ecological ditch is parabolic, the side slope is 1:3, and the longitudinal slope is not more than 1%.

5. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: The submerged dam group is located between the highest water level and the lowest water level of the corresponding gentle slope beach.

6. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: In the same submerged dam group, the same row of submerged dams is located on the same contour line.

7. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: The edge of the submerged dam is surrounded by a plurality of wooden piles whose lower ends are buried in the corresponding gentle slope beach, and the space surrounded by the wooden piles is filled with pebbles.

8. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: The waterfront edge of the gentle slope beach is provided with a plurality of tree roots arranged at equal intervals, and the root of each tree root faces the water flow.

9. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: The vegetation species are local indigenous plants, and the vegetation species are selected from one of bermudagrass, bullwhip, cattail, ryegrass and vetiver.

10. The feeding ground for river fish according to claim 1, Features: If there is a river embankment on the upper edge of the gentle slope beach on one or both sides of the natural river section, the ecological ditch shall be set up outside the corresponding river embankment.

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