3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of formed part and 3D printer

Abstract

The utility model provides a 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of a formed part and a 3D printer. The device comprises a printing point temperature control unit, an environment temperature control unit, a printing piece heat dissipation unit and a formed entity surface temperature acquisition unit, the printing point temperature control unit is used for regulating and controlling the temperature of the surface of the formed entity at the printing point; the environment temperature control unit is used for regulating and controlling the environment temperature outside the formed entity, and the formed entity is placed above the hot bed; the printed piece heat dissipation unit is used for conducting uniform and synchronous heat dissipation on all areas of a printed and formed entity. And the formed entity surface temperature acquisition unit is used for acquiring and outputting the surface temperature of the formed entity. According to the device, the temperature in the 3D printing process can be accurately compensated in real time, buckling deformation caused by uneven interlayer temperature, shock cooling of molten wires and inconsistent cooling rates of all areas of a formed part is reduced, and the precision of fused deposition modeling 3D printing is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printing temperature control device and a 3D printer for reducing deformation of a molded part. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing technology, is currently the most widely used 3D printing technology, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. This technology can heat filamentary raw materials to a molten state, and extrude the molten material onto a plane through a movable nozzle. After the filament is solidified, a solid object can be formed. This printing technology is very convenient to use, can meet personalized production needs, and has low cost, so it has been widely used.

[0003] During the fused deposition modeling 3D printing process, the print head can heat the raw materials to above 210°C, when the material is in a molten state. After the material is extruded through the nozzle, it is suddenly cooled to below 100°C, which will cause the printed part to deform. In addition, the material temperature between the layers of the formed entity is inconsistent, and the shrinkage stress during the cooling process is different, which will cause warping and deformation, seriously affecting the accuracy of 3D printing.

[0004] Regarding the temperature compensation device for fused deposition modeling 3D printing, the existing technology mainly heats the printing hot bed, but the heat transfer efficiency of this device is not high, and it only has an insulating effect on the bottom layer of the formed entity, and cannot heat the entire formed entity well. There is still a large difference in temperature between the layers of the formed entity, and it cannot solve the problem of sudden cooling and deformation of the filament extruded by the printing nozzle.

[0005] An improved temperature compensation device is proposed for fused deposition modeling 3D printing. The existing technology mainly heats the cavity of the 3D printing chassis to keep the cavity temperature at a higher temperature during the printing process. However, this heating device cannot control the cavity temperature in real time, which can easily cause the surface temperature of the printed part to be too high, affecting the material solidification rate and reducing the material's support performance.

[0006] An improved heat dissipation device is proposed for fused deposition modeling 3D printing. The existing technology mainly uses a fan to indiscriminately cool the inside of the printer cavity, but this device easily causes uneven temperatures in different areas inside the printer cavity, and the cooling speeds of different parts of the printed entity vary greatly.

[0007] The existing technology of the nozzle temperature compensation device proposed for fused deposition modeling 3D printing mainly compensates the temperature of the 3D printing nozzle, increases the temperature of the printing nozzle, and makes the temperature of the raw materials extruded by the nozzle higher. However, the working temperature of this heating device is too high, which will cause the solidified entity to liquefy again and reduce the supporting force between the materials. In addition, the stability of long-term operation is poor and the heating nozzle is easily damaged. Utility Model Content

[0008] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model proposes a 3D printing temperature control device and a 3D printer for reducing deformation of molded parts.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0010] (I) A 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of molded parts

[0011] The temperature control device is used for a 3D printer, and the 3D printer includes a chassis, a heated bed, a printing nozzle, a 3D printing nozzle, and a heated bed telescopic rod. The temperature control device includes:

[0012] A printing point temperature control unit, used to control the material temperature of the formed solid surface at the printing point, the printing point being located below the 3D printing nozzle;

[0013] An environmental temperature control unit, used to control the environmental temperature outside the formed entity, the formed entity being placed above the hot bed;

[0014] The printed part heat dissipation unit is used to dissipate heat from the printed entity so that the entire printed entity is at the same cooling rate and maintains uniform heat dissipation.

[0015] Wherein, the printing point temperature control unit includes a plurality of high-temperature heating lamps, at least one first temperature sensor, a high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module and a plurality of concave mirrors; the plurality of high-temperature heating lamps are centered on the 3D printing nozzle, and are arranged symmetrically and evenly spaced along any radial plane of the 3D printing nozzle; the first temperature sensor is arranged on one side of the 3D printing nozzle, and the collection end of the first temperature sensor faces the printing point directly below the 3D printing nozzle, and is used to collect the temperature signal of the formed solid surface at the printing point in real time; all high-temperature heating lamps and the first temperature sensor are installed on the bottom surface of the printing nozzle and move synchronously with the printing nozzle. A concave mirror is correspondingly installed on the lampshade of each high-temperature heating lamp, and each concave mirror is used to focus the heat of a corresponding high-temperature heating lamp to the formed solid surface at the printing point.

[0016] The signal output end of the first temperature sensor is electrically connected to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module and transmits the collected temperature signal of the formed solid surface at the printing point to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module. The multiple high-temperature heating lamps are electrically connected to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module. The high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module is used to combine the preset printing point target temperature and the received temperature signal of the formed solid surface at the printing point to realize feedback control of the high-temperature heating lamp power.

[0017] Preferably, the first temperature sensor for monitoring the surface temperature of the formed entity is a non-contact infrared temperature sensor.

[0018] Preferably, the high temperature heating lamp is a halogen lamp or an infrared heating lamp. The high temperature heating lamp can raise the temperature of the formed solid surface at the printing point under irradiation to a preset printing point target temperature, which is set according to the melting point range of the material.

[0019] Wherein, the environmental temperature control unit includes four rows of quartz heating tube groups, a second temperature sensor and a quartz heating tube temperature control module, and the four rows of quartz heating tube groups and the second temperature sensor are both arranged inside the chassis of the 3D printer. The four rows of quartz heating tube groups are arranged vertically in the up and down directions, and the four rows of quartz heating tube groups are arranged at intervals on the outside of the four peripheries of the hot bed. Each row of quartz heating tube groups is mainly composed of several quartz heating tubes arranged in parallel at equal intervals. A second temperature sensor is installed on one side of the top surface of the hot bed, and the second temperature sensor is arranged on the outside of the formed entity to collect the ambient temperature signal outside the formed entity.

[0020] The second temperature sensor is electrically connected to the quartz heating tube temperature control module and transmits the collected ambient temperature signal to the quartz heating tube temperature control module. All quartz heating tubes are electrically connected to the quartz heating tube temperature control module. The quartz heating tube temperature control module is used to realize feedback control of the output power of all quartz heating tubes in combination with the preset ambient target temperature and the received ambient temperature signal.

[0021] Preferably, the quartz heating tube groups located on the left and right sides of the hot bed are arranged at equal intervals in the front-to-back direction, and the quartz heating tube groups located on the front and rear sides of the hot bed are arranged at equal intervals in the left-to-right direction.

[0022] Preferably, the second temperature sensor for monitoring the ambient temperature outside the formed body is a contact type digital temperature sensor.

[0023] The printed part heat dissipation unit includes four rows of ventilation duct groups, a cooling fan and a hose. The ventilation duct group and the hose are both arranged inside the chassis of the 3D printer, and the cooling fan is arranged outside the chassis of the 3D printer.

[0024] The four rows of ventilation duct groups are arranged vertically in the up-down direction and are respectively arranged on the outside of the four peripheries of the hot bed. The four rows of ventilation duct groups are arranged at intervals from the hot bed. Each row of ventilation duct groups is mainly composed of a number of ventilation ducts connected in parallel. All ventilation ducts in the same ventilation duct group are arranged in parallel at equal intervals. A number of through holes are opened on the outer peripheral surface of the side of each ventilation duct facing the hot bed as air outlets. All air outlets on the same ventilation duct are evenly arranged along the axial direction. Each row of ventilation duct groups has an air inlet, and each air inlet is connected to a corresponding hose and is connected to the air outlet of the cooling fan through the hose connected to itself.

[0025] Preferably, the ventilation duct groups located on the left and right sides of the heated bed are arranged at equal intervals in the front-to-back direction, and the ventilation duct groups located on the front and rear sides of the heated bed are arranged at equal intervals in the left-to-right direction.

[0026] The temperature control device also includes four substrates, which are arranged vertically in the up-down direction and are respectively arranged on the outside of the four peripheries of the hot bed; each substrate is installed with a row of quartz heating tube groups and a row of ventilation duct groups; all quartz heating tubes and ventilation ducts installed on the same substrate are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and a ventilation duct is interspersed between all adjacent quartz heating tubes, and a quartz heating tube is interspersed between all adjacent ventilation ducts.

[0027] The temperature control device further comprises a plurality of telescopic rods, each of which can be extended and retracted along its own axial direction, each row of substrates is fixedly connected to one end of at least one telescopic rod, and the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chassis. Specifically, all the telescopic rods connected to the substrates located on the left and right sides of the hot bed are extended and retracted in the transverse direction, and all the telescopic rods connected to the substrates located on the front and rear sides of the hot bed are extended and retracted in the longitudinal direction.

[0028] The front side is the side of the 3D printer with a door or an opening for taking out the printed entity. The transverse direction is a direction parallel to the top surface of the hot bed, that is, the horizontal direction, and the longitudinal direction is a direction perpendicular to the hot bed, that is, the vertical direction.

[0029] The high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module and the quartz heating tube temperature control module are electrically connected to an external power supply respectively, and the external power supply is independent of the power supply of the 3D printer.

[0030] The temperature control device also includes an infrared temperature measuring camera, which is installed on the inner wall of the top of the chassis and is used to collect surface temperature signals of the formed entity. The infrared temperature measuring camera is electrically connected to a computer and transmits the surface temperature signals of the formed entity to the computer. The computer is used to visualize the changes in the surface temperature of the formed entity during the printing process.

[0031] The radius of the light spot formed by the high-temperature heating lamp (3) focusing on the surface of the formed entity is 5 to 10 mm.

[0032] (2) 3D Printer

[0033] The 3D printer comprises the above-mentioned temperature control device, and the temperature control device is used to regulate the temperature of the 3D printer during the printing process.

[0034] The utility model adds two auxiliary heating units (high-temperature heating lamp and quartz heating tube) and a uniform heat dissipation unit (ventilation duct) to the original 3D printer. The two auxiliary heating devices respectively heat the printing point below the 3D printing nozzle 4 and the area above the printing hot bed 1 accurately, thereby effectively reducing the deformation caused by the sudden cooling of the molten wire extruded by the nozzle and the deformation caused by the inconsistent shrinkage stress between the layers of the printed entity during the printing process. The uniform heat dissipation device can uniformly and synchronously dissipate heat to each area of ​​the printed entity, effectively reducing the deformation caused by the inconsistent cooling rate of each area of ​​the printed part. The above device has a significant effect on the precision optimization of fused deposition modeling 3D printing, and can achieve accurate and rapid temperature control, avoiding large-area heating of the 3D printed part, affecting the molding efficiency and the support strength of the printed part. The 3D printing temperature control device has good economic and practical significance.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0036] (1) The device of the utility model can realize real-time monitoring of the ambient temperature at the printing point below the 3D printing nozzle and the 3D printing molding area, and the two temperature control modules respectively adjust the output power of the corresponding heating elements to keep the temperature of the two places within the preset temperature range. In addition, the device of the utility model can also monitor the temperature data of the surface of the printed part during the printing process and transmit it to the computer, which is convenient for analyzing and evaluating the printing quality.

[0037] (2) The device of the utility model can simultaneously reduce the deformation caused by the sudden cooling of the material during the 3D printing process, the deformation caused by the inconsistent shrinkage stress between the formed layers, and the deformation caused by the inconsistent heat dissipation rate of the entity, which has a significant effect on improving the accuracy of 3D printing.

[0038] (3) The temperature response speed of the high-temperature heating lamp selected by the utility model device is extremely fast, the maximum temperature can reach 300°C, and the thermal inertia is small, which can achieve accurate and rapid temperature adjustment within a controllable range at the printing point.

[0039] (4) The device of the utility model reduces the warping deformation caused by uneven temperature between layers and sudden cooling of molten wire by real-time and accurate compensation of temperature during the 3D printing process; the device of the utility model reduces the warping deformation caused by inconsistent heat dissipation rate of the entity by uniformly cooling the printed entity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the heating method and temperature collection of the high temperature heating lamp of the utility model;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation method of the quartz heating tube and the air heat dissipation tube in the utility model;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the air heat dissipation pipe and the cooling fan in the utility model;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heating and temperature collection of the hot bed area by the quartz heating tube in the utility model;

[0045] Figure 6 It is the working flow chart of the temperature control process of the utility model;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a 3D printing temperature simulation diagram before and after auxiliary heating;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a simulation diagram of 3D printing deformation before and after auxiliary heating;

[0048] Fig. 9 This is a comparison chart of the maximum vector displacement of the 3D printed part before and after auxiliary heating;

[0049] Fig.10 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the temperature control module of the high temperature heating lamp in the utility model;

[0050] Fig.11 This is a circuit schematic diagram of the temperature control module of the quartz heating tube in the utility model.

[0051] Among them, 1. hot bed, 2. printing nozzle, 3. high temperature heating lamp, 4. 3D printing nozzle, 5. first temperature sensor, 6. high temperature heating lamp temperature control module, 7. quartz heating tube, 8. second temperature sensor, 9. quartz heating tube temperature control module, 10. online infrared temperature measurement camera, 11. hot bed telescopic rod, 12. heating tube telescopic rod, 13. cooling fan, 14. ventilation duct, 15. hose, A. non-contact infrared temperature sensor temperature monitoring point, B. contact digital temperature sensor temperature monitoring point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0053] The utility model provides a 3D printing temperature control device for reducing the deformation of molded parts. The 3D printing temperature control device is an auxiliary device of a 3D printer and is installed on the 3D printer. The 3D printer can usually be controlled by 3D printing slice software and a human-computer interaction interface of the 3D printer. The 3D printing temperature control device needs to be powered by an external power supply and controlled by an external input signal.

[0054] The 3D printer mainly includes a chassis, a hot bed 1, a print head 2, a 3D print nozzle 4, and a hot bed telescopic rod 11. The hot bed 1 is used to carry the formed entity, the print head 2 is used to print in the XY direction (i.e., the horizontal direction), the hot bed telescopic rod 11 is used to drag the hot bed 1 to move in the vertical direction to achieve printing in the Z direction (i.e., the vertical direction), and the chassis is used to insulate the temperature during the printing process.

[0055] This temperature control device includes a printing point temperature control unit, an ambient temperature control unit and a printed part heat dissipation unit. The printing point temperature control unit is used to control the material temperature of the surface of the formed entity at each printing point during the printing process. The printing point is located directly below the 3D printing nozzle 4. During the 3D printing process, the 3D printing nozzle 4 extrude the molten filament to the surface of the uppermost layer of the formed entity at the printing point. The ambient temperature control unit is used to control the ambient temperature outside the formed entity during the printing process. The formed entity is placed in the center of the top surface of the hot bed 1. The printed part heat dissipation unit is used to dissipate the heat of the printed entity so that each area of ​​the formed entity is at the same cooling rate.

[0056] The printing point temperature control unit includes a plurality of high temperature heating lamps 3, at least one first temperature sensor 5 and a high temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6. The high temperature heating lamp 3 is used to compensate the temperature between the molten filament extruded by the 3D printing nozzle 4 and the filament on the uppermost surface of the formed entity directly below the 3D printing nozzle 4 by means of thermal radiation, so as to reduce the deformation caused by the molten filament contacting the cold air after being extruded from the 3D printing nozzle 4 and the molten filament being extruded to the printing point due to sudden cooling. All the high temperature heating lamps 3 are centered on the 3D printing nozzle 4, and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical and evenly spaced manner along the radial plane of the 3D printing nozzle 4; the first temperature sensor 5 is arranged on one side of the 3D printing nozzle 4, and is used to collect the material temperature at the printing point directly below the 3D printing nozzle 4 and the uppermost surface of the formed entity in real time. The top end of the first temperature sensor 5 is the mounting end, which is installed at the bottom of the printing nozzle 2, and the bottom end is the collecting end and is arranged toward the printing point directly below the 3D printing nozzle 4. Each high-temperature heating lamp 3 and the first temperature sensor 5 are fixedly connected to the printing head 2, so that the printing head 2 can drive the 3D printing nozzle 4, all high-temperature heating lamps 3 and the first temperature sensor 5 to move synchronously in the XY direction.

[0057] Furthermore, the printing point temperature control unit also includes multiple concave mirrors, and a concave mirror is installed on the lampshade of each high-temperature heating lamp 3, that is, at the heat source outlet. Each concave mirror is used to focus the heat emitted by the corresponding high-temperature heating lamp 3 onto the surface of the formed entity at the printing point.

[0058] Specifically, the signal output end of each first temperature sensor 5 is electrically connected to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 and transmits the collected temperature signal of the formed solid surface at the printing point to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6. Multiple high-temperature heating lamps 3 are electrically connected to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 and are powered and output power regulated by the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6. The high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 is used to realize feedback control of the output power of the first temperature sensor 5 in combination with the preset printing point target temperature and the received temperature signal of the formed solid surface at the printing point.

[0059] Preferably, the high temperature heating lamp 3 is a halogen lamp or an infrared heating lamp. The high temperature heating lamp 3 generates a light spot at the printing point after passing through the concave mirror, and the light spot is directly below the outlet of the 3D printing nozzle 4. In the specific implementation, the size of the light spot can be set according to the printing parameters such as the outlet inner diameter of the 3D printing nozzle 4 and the step distance of the printing nozzle 2. (In general, the radius of the light spot is 5 to 10 mm, which can avoid heating the surface area of ​​the printed part too large when the heating range is too large, affecting the heating efficiency). The high temperature heating lamp 3 can increase the surface material temperature of the formed entity under irradiation to the preset printing point target temperature, and the preset printing point target temperature is set according to the melting point range of the material. Taking PLA material as an example (PLA is solid at 0 to 60°C, glassy at 60 to 155°C, 155 to 185°C is the melting point range of the material, and the material is molten when it is higher than 185°C), the high temperature heating lamp 3 can increase the surface material temperature of the formed entity under irradiation to 140 to 160°C. In this temperature range, the surface of the material will change from solid to molten, but will not become liquid. This heating method can reduce the temperature difference between the liquid high-temperature wire (molten wire) extruded by the print head and the solidified material on the surface of the formed entity, and will not cause structural deformation of the solidified surface of the formed entity.

[0060] Specifically, the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 integrates a first single-chip microcomputer and a first thyristor. All high-temperature heating lamps, the first single-chip microcomputer and the first thyristor form a high-temperature heating lamp temperature control loop. The power supply preferably uses an external 220V AC power supply. The first single-chip microcomputer indirectly adjusts the output power of the high-temperature heating lamp 3 by changing the output current of the first thyristor. Among them, each high-temperature heating lamp is connected in parallel. Preferably, the single-chip microcomputer in the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 uses the STM32F103C8T6 minimum system board, which has 32 general I / O pins, supports analog input, can receive the analog signal of the temperature sensor, calculate the difference between the collected temperature and the set temperature, and output a digital signal to adjust the output current of the thyristor, thereby indirectly changing the output temperature of the high-temperature heating lamp and the quartz heating tube.

[0061] Among them, the environmental temperature control unit includes four rows of quartz heating tube groups, a second temperature sensor 8 and a quartz heating tube temperature control module 9. Each row of quartz heating tube groups is distributed around the printing table. Through thermal radiation, the cavity temperature of the 3D printing molding area is maintained within the set temperature range, which can reduce the shrinkage deformation caused by the temperature difference between the layers of the molded entity. The total effective irradiation range of all quartz heating tubes covers the maximum molding area of ​​the 3D printer. The four rows of quartz heating tube groups are arranged vertically in the up and down directions, and the four rows of quartz heating tube groups are arranged at intervals on the outside of the four peripheries of the hot bed 1; each row of quartz heating tube groups is mainly composed of several quartz heating tubes 7 arranged in parallel at equal intervals. At least one second temperature sensor 8 is installed on the top surface of the hot bed 1, and the second temperature sensor 8 is arranged outside the molded entity for sequentially collecting the temperature signal outside the molded entity. The installation position of the second temperature sensor 8 is located outside the maximum molding boundary of the 3D printer in the horizontal direction (XY direction) and is arranged close to the maximum molding boundary. The second temperature sensor 8 is electrically connected to the quartz heating tube temperature control module 9 and transmits the collected ambient temperature signal to the quartz heating tube temperature control module 9. All quartz heating tubes 7 are electrically connected to the quartz heating tube temperature control module 9 and are powered and output power controlled by the quartz heating tube temperature control module 9. The quartz heating tube temperature control module 9 is used to feedback control the output power of all quartz heating tubes 7 in combination with the preset ambient target temperature (the preset ambient target temperature must be 5 to 10°C lower than the lowest glass temperature of the material or 5 to 10°C lower than the highest solid temperature of the material) and the ambient temperature signal.

[0062] The printed part heat dissipation unit includes four rows of ventilation duct groups, a cooling fan 13 and a hose 15. The four rows of ventilation duct groups are distributed around the printing table. Each row of ventilation duct groups contains a plurality of plastic ventilation ducts 14. Each individual ventilation duct 14 is provided with dozens of ventilation holes facing the hot bed. The plurality of independent ventilation ducts 14 are connected to the same vent through plastic pipes, and the vent is connected to the cooling fan 13 through a hose. After the printing work is completed, the printed part heat dissipation unit can dissipate the heat of the printed entity more evenly, greatly reducing the difference in cooling speed of each area of ​​the printed part entity and reducing the deformation caused during the cooling process. Preferably, the hose 15 is a retractable hose.

[0063] In addition, the temperature control device also includes four substrates, and the four substrates are arranged vertically in the up-down direction. A row of quartz heating tube groups and a row of ventilation duct groups located on the outside of the same side of the hot bed 1 are installed on the same metal base plate (i.e., the above-mentioned substrate), and the surface of the metal base plate close to the hot bed 1 is evenly distributed with a number of arc grooves, and the arc radius of the arc groove is consistent with the pipe opening radius of the quartz heating tube and the ventilation duct. Each arc groove can be placed in a quartz heating tube or a ventilation duct. The arc groove for placing the quartz heating tube also needs to be treated with thermal insulation. Specifically, the area where the quartz heating tube contacts the arc groove is equipped with thermal insulation cotton, and the arc groove for placing the ventilation duct does not need to be treated with thermal insulation.

[0064] Furthermore, the temperature control device also includes a plurality of telescopic rods 12, each of which can be extended and retracted along its own axis. All telescopic rods 12 connected to the substrates located on the left and right sides of the hot bed 1 are extended and retracted in the transverse direction, and all telescopic rods 12 connected to the substrates located on the front and rear sides of the hot bed 1 are extended and retracted in the longitudinal direction. Among them, the front side is the side of the 3D printer with a door or an opening for taking out the printed entity. The transverse direction is a direction parallel to the top surface of the hot bed 1, that is, the horizontal direction, and the longitudinal direction is a direction perpendicular to the hot bed 1, that is, the vertical direction.

[0065] Preferably, the total power of the four rows of quartz heating tube groups is 400W, the front and rear rows of quartz heating tube groups, and the left and right rows of quartz heating tube groups are symmetrically arranged about the geometric center of the hot bed, the maximum temperature output by each quartz heating tube 7 can reach 150°C, and each row of quartz heating tube groups is composed of 4 heating tubes arranged side by side. The effective irradiation height of each row of quartz heating tube groups is greater than the maximum molding height of the 3D printer. The effective irradiation width of each row of quartz heating tube groups is greater than the maximum molding length or width of the 3D printer. The thermal radiation of the selected quartz heating tube has strong penetrability and can achieve good heating effect on the object.

[0066] Preferably, the temperature of the gas blown out by the cooling fan 13 is generally 15-25°C, the air outlet rate can be manually adjusted, and the cooling fan 13 is connected to the ventilation duct 14 through a hose, wherein the ventilation duct near the front and right of the printer hot bed is connected to one cooling fan at the same time through a hose, and the ventilation duct near the rear and left of the printer hot bed is connected to another cooling fan at the same time through a hose.

[0067] Specifically, the quartz heating tube temperature control module 9 integrates a second single-chip microcomputer and a second thyristor. All quartz heating tubes 7, the second single-chip microcomputer and the second thyristor constitute a quartz heating tube temperature control loop. The power supply can use an external 220V AC power. The second single-chip microcomputer indirectly adjusts the output power of the quartz heating tube by changing the output current of the second thyristor. Each quartz heating tube 7 is connected in parallel in the quartz heating tube temperature control loop. Preferably, the thyristor in the quartz heating tube temperature control module 9 uses a MOC3061 bidirectional thyristor with a maximum load of 100mA, which can change the current of the circuit in a 220V AC circuit.

[0068] The high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 and the quartz heating tube temperature control module 9 are electrically connected to an external power supply, respectively, and the external power supply is independent of the power supply of the 3D printer.

[0069] Furthermore, the temperature control device also includes a formed entity surface temperature acquisition unit, which is used to collect and output the outer surface temperature of the formed entity. The formed entity surface temperature acquisition unit includes an infrared temperature measurement camera 10, which is installed on the top of any side wall of the chassis. The infrared temperature measurement camera 10 is used to collect the outer surface temperature signal of the formed entity. The infrared temperature measurement camera 10 is electrically connected to the host computer. The outer surface temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement camera 10 is transmitted to the host computer, and the host computer can visualize the change of the surface temperature of the formed entity during the printing process.

[0070] The above-mentioned temperature control device is installed in the 3D printer to assist in controlling the temperature of the 3D printing process to reduce the deformation of the molded parts caused by sudden temperature changes. Taking the 3D printing material PLA as an example, PLA is solid at 0-60°C, glassy at 60-155°C, and 155-185°C is the melting point range of the material. The material is molten when it is higher than 185°C. The process of assisting in controlling the temperature of the 3D printing process specifically includes the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: After starting the equipment, adjust the four sets of quartz heating tubes 7 to the initial position and heat them to 50°C, heat the printer hot bed 1 to 50°C, heat the two high-temperature heating lamps 3 to 150°C, heat the heating nozzle to 210°C, and start printing after the temperature reaches the set temperature.

[0072] Step 2: Start printing. The print head 2 moves along the XY path according to the G code path of the print file to start printing the first layer (the bottom layer of the final molded entity).

[0073] Step 3: The high-temperature heating lamp 3 follows the printing direction of the print head 2 and heats the circular area centered on the 3D printing nozzle 4 at a temperature of 150°C. The temperature of the heated area rises, but is lower than the melting point of the material. After being heated by the high-temperature heating lamp 3, the temperature difference between the formed solid surface at the printing point and the molten wire extruded by the 3D printing nozzle 4 is reduced, which can reduce the deformation of the wire due to sudden cooling.

[0074] Step 4: During the printing process, the first temperature sensor 5 monitors the material temperature of the formed solid surface 5 mm below the 3D printing nozzle 4. The temperature value here is recorded as r(t), the set target temperature value is recorded as c(t), and the difference between the detected temperature and the set ideal temperature is e(t)=r(t)-c(t). In order to improve the control efficiency, the temperature control here adopts the incremental PID control algorithm. In order to facilitate the single-chip microcomputer processing, the incremental digital PID control algorithm is written as:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, K p is the proportional coefficient, u(k) is the actual output of the kth time, e(k) is the difference between the target output and the actual output of the kth time, K i is the integration coefficient, K d is the differential coefficient, u out is the actual output of the last time, It is the sum of the differences between the target output and the actual output from the 0th to the nth time.

[0077] The corresponding output change Vu(k) is:

[0078] Δu(k)=u(k)-u(k-1)=K p [e(k)-e(k-1)]+K i e(k)+K d [e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)].

[0079] The single chip microcomputer regulates the output power of the high temperature heating lamp 3 by adjusting the output current of the thyristor, so that the temperature of the monitoring point is maintained at 150±10℃.

[0080] Step 5: During the printing process, the second temperature sensor 8 monitors the temperature of the printing molding area on the hot bed 1, and the temperature control module calculates the difference between the detected temperature and the set ideal temperature. The control algorithm is the same as step 4. The single-chip microcomputer adjusts the output current of the thyristor and regulates the output power of the quartz heating tube 7 to keep the temperature of the monitoring point at 50±5℃.

[0081] Step 6: During the printing process, the online infrared temperature measurement camera 10 monitors the surface temperature of the formed entity, and transmits the collected data to the computer via the RS485 to USB data cable. The computer uses Smartview infrared analysis and reporting software to visualize the temperature changes during the printing process.

[0082] Step 7: After the current layer is printed, the retracting rod drives the hot bed 1 to move down one layer.

[0083] Step 8: Repeat steps 3 to 7 until the last layer (the top layer of the formed entity) is printed;

[0084] Step nine: After printing is completed, turn off all heating devices, move the print head to the starting position, turn on the cooling fan 13, and the cold air (generally 15-25°C) passes through the ventilation duct and is blown out from multiple evenly distributed air outlets to dissipate the heat of the printed entity more evenly. Depending on the size of the printed part, the cooling time is generally 5-20 minutes. After the printed part is completely cooled, the four substrates are moved separately by the heating tube telescopic rod 12 (the left substrate moves to the left, the right substrate moves to the right, the front substrate moves down, and the rear substrate moves down), and then the four rows of quartz heating tube groups and the four rows of ventilation duct groups are moved to a position far away from the hot bed, and the operator takes out the printed entity.

[0085] The specific embodiments of the present utility model are as follows:

[0086] The temperature control device provided in this embodiment is specifically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the temperature control device is installed on a 3D printer. The 3D printer used in this embodiment includes a printing hot bed 1, a printing nozzle 2, a 3D printing nozzle 4, and a hot bed telescopic rod 11. The printing nozzle 2 can move along the XY direction, and the hot bed telescopic rod 11 can drive the printing hot bed 1 to move along the Z direction. The maximum molding size of the 3D printer is 300*200*200mm (X*Y*Z), the heating temperature range of the 3D printing nozzle 4 is 20~250℃, and the heating temperature range of the hot bed is 20~110℃. The hot bed temperature and the printing nozzle temperature of the 3D printer can be adjusted by the 3D printing slicing software and the human-computer interaction interface of the 3D printer. The chassis of the 3D printer uses thermal insulation materials and is in a closed state during the printing process, which can reduce the heat loss in the chassis during the printing process and reduce the impact of ambient temperature changes on the temperature in the chassis.

[0087] The temperature control device provided in this embodiment includes two high-temperature heating lamps 3, a non-contact first temperature sensor 5, a high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6, a quartz heating tube 7, a contact second temperature sensor 8, a quartz heating tube temperature control module 9, an online infrared temperature measurement camera 10 and a heating tube telescopic rod 12. Two high-temperature heating lamps 3 are installed at a position near the 3D printing nozzle 4 below the printing nozzle 2. The two high-temperature heating lamps 3 are at an equal distance from the 3D printing nozzle 4. The high-temperature heating lamps 3 can irradiate a circular area with the printing nozzle 4 as the center; the non-contact first temperature sensor 5 is installed on the lower surface of the printing nozzle 2, and can monitor the temperature of the molded part surface directly below the 3D printing nozzle 4 and about 5mm away from the 3D printing nozzle 4. The high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 that controls the output power of the high-temperature heating lamp 3 is installed on the upper surface of the printing nozzle 2, and can receive the temperature data of the first temperature sensor 5. The internal single-chip microcomputer can calculate the temperature deviation, and change the temperature of the high-temperature heating lamp through the thyristor circuit. 3 output power; quartz heating tubes 7 and ventilation ducts 14 are installed on the four sides of the printing hot bed 1 and face the printing hot bed 1. The contact second temperature sensor 8 is installed on the hot bed 1 to monitor the temperature of the printing piece forming area. The quartz heating tube temperature control module 9 that controls the output power of the quartz heating tube 7 is installed on the rear surface of a group of quartz heating tubes 7 closest to the temperature sensor, and can receive the temperature data of the second temperature sensor 8. The internal single-chip microcomputer can calculate the temperature deviation and change the output power of the quartz heating tube 7 through the thyristor circuit; the telescopic rod can drive the four groups of quartz heating tubes 7 and the ventilation duct 14 to move in the horizontal or vertical direction to control the distance between the quartz heating tube 7 and the hot bed 1.

[0088] There are two high-temperature heating lamps with a total power of 200W. The two high-temperature heating lamps 3 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the 3D printing nozzle 4 to prevent the two high-temperature heating lamps 3 from being blocked at the same time during the movement of the printing nozzle 2; the irradiation area of ​​the high-temperature heating lamp 3 is converged into a circular area with a radius of 10mm through a concave mirror, so that the molten filament extruded by the 3D printing nozzle 4 and the surface of the formed print part that the filament is about to contact can be heated, and the heating area is effectively reduced, which will not affect the solidification effect of other parts of the formed print part. The temperature monitoring point of the non-contact first temperature sensor 5 is A. This monitoring point is located in the area on the upper surface of the formed print part that is irradiated by the high-temperature heating lamp 3, which can better reflect the heating effect of the high-temperature heating lamp 3. Figure 2 As shown, a concave mirror is installed on each of the two high-temperature heating lamps 3, which can focus the light source emitted by the high-temperature heating lamp 3 into a circular area with a radius of 10 mm, and the center of the circular area coincides with the center of the 3D printing nozzle 4. The selected high-temperature heating lamp has an extremely fast temperature response speed, the maximum temperature can reach 300°C, and the thermal inertia is small, which can achieve precise temperature control.

[0089] The installation method of the quartz heating tube 7 and the ventilation duct 14 is as follows Figure 3 As shown, there are four groups of quartz heating tubes 7 and ventilation ducts 14, which are respectively installed on the front, rear, left and right sides of the hot bed 1, and all face the hot bed 1. The distance between the quartz heating tubes 7 and the ventilation ducts 14 and the hot bed 1 can be adjusted by the telescopic rod 12. The effective irradiation height and effective irradiation width of each group of quartz heating tubes 7 can be set according to the maximum molding size (three-dimensional size) of the 3D printer. The effective heating area of ​​the quartz heating tubes 7 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the dotted part in , the total irradiation size of the quartz heating tube 7 is greater than or equal to the maximum molding size of the 3D printer. The maximum molding size (three-dimensional size) of the 3D printer used in this embodiment is 300*200*200mm (X*Y*Z), and the effective irradiation width of each group of quartz heating tubes 7 is 300mm, and the effective irradiation height is 200mm. The contact second temperature sensor 8 is installed on the hot bed 1 near the left quartz heating tube 7, with a horizontal distance of 50mm from the edge of the hot bed 1. The temperature monitoring point is B. This monitoring point is located at the edge of the maximum molding area of ​​the 3D printer, which does not affect the normal 3D printing work. The temperature here can be equivalent to the temperature of the quartz heating tube 7 irradiated to the printed solid surface.

[0090] Specifically, each set of ventilation ducts 14 contains dozens of ventilation holes and faces the hot bed. The air outlet temperature and speed are determined by the power of the cooling fan. The air outlet temperature is generally 15-25° C., and the fan speed is generally 2000-5000 rpm.

[0091] In this embodiment, the non-contact first temperature sensor 5 adopts MLX90614, with an effective temperature measurement range of -70 to +380°C (±0.5°C) and a measurement resolution of 0.02°C, which can meet the monitoring of the output temperature of the high-temperature heating lamp 5. The contact second temperature sensor 8 is DS18B20, with an effective temperature measurement range of -55 to +125°C (±0.5°C) and a measurement resolution of 0.0625°C, which can meet the monitoring of the hot bed temperature. The online infrared temperature measurement camera 10 is Fluke RSE30, with an infrared acquisition frequency of 50Hz, an effective temperature measurement range of -20 to 2000°C, equipped with an RS485 interface, and the lens is facing the center of the printing table. The camera is connected to an external computer via an RS485 to USB data cable, and can transmit the collected temperature data to the computer in real time. Smartview infrared analysis and reporting software can be used on the computer to analyze the temperature changes during the printing process and evaluate the printing quality.

[0092] like Figure 5As shown, the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 is powered by an external 220V AC power supply. The module integrates the STM32F103C8T6 minimum system, the MLX90614 infrared temperature acquisition circuit, the thyristor control circuit, the zero-crossing detection circuit and the 220V to 5V to 3.3V voltage drop circuit. The MLX90614 first temperature sensor 5 can monitor the point temperature of the printed part surface 45mm below the 3D printing nozzle 4, and input the analog signal with temperature data into the STM32F103C8T6 minimum system. The single-chip microcomputer has an ADC conversion module inside, which can convert the analog signal into a digital signal. The single-chip microcomputer calculates the difference between the collected temperature data and the set temperature (150°C), and adjusts the output power of the high-temperature heating lamp 3 through the thyristor control circuit, and changes the temperature of the high-temperature heating lamp 3 in real time. The total power of the high-temperature heating lamp 3 is 200W, the temperature response speed is extremely fast, the maximum temperature can reach 300°C, and the thermal inertia is small, which can achieve a good temperature control effect.

[0093] like Figure 6 As shown, the high temperature heating lamp temperature control module 6 is powered by an external 220V AC power supply. The module integrates the STM32F103C8T6 minimum system, DS18B20 digital temperature acquisition circuit, thyristor control circuit, zero-crossing detection circuit and 220V to 5V to 3.3V voltage drop circuit. The DS18B20 second temperature sensor 8 can monitor the air temperature 50mm away from the edge of the hot bed 1, and input the analog signal with temperature data into the STM32F103C8T6 minimum system. The single chip has an ADC conversion module inside, which can convert the analog signal into a digital signal. The single chip calculates the difference between the collected temperature data and the set temperature (50°C). The thyristor control circuit is used to adjust the output power of the quartz heating tube 7 and change the air temperature in the printing area in real time. The quartz heating tube 7 is divided into 4 groups with a total power of 400W. They are installed in the front, back, left and right directions of the hot bed 1 respectively. The front and back groups of quartz heating tubes 7 and the left and right groups of quartz heating tubes 7 are symmetrical about the geometric center of the hot bed 1. The maximum temperature output by the quartz heating tube 7 can reach 150°C. Each group of quartz heating tubes 7 has 4 heating tubes. The effective irradiation width of each group of heating tubes is 300mm and the effective irradiation height is 200mm, which is larger than the maximum molding size of the 3D printer. The thermal radiation of the selected quartz heating tube 7 has a certain degree of penetration and can achieve a good heating effect on the object.

[0094] The process of 3D printing using this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0095] Step 1: Design a 3D model, use slicing software to export the model as a gcode file, and import the gcode file into the 3D printer;

[0096] Step 2: Initialize and level the printing hot bed 1, start the 3D printer to preheat, connect the two auxiliary heating devices to the external 220V AC power, start the high-temperature heating lamp 3 and the quartz heating tube 7 to preheat simultaneously, turn on the online infrared temperature measurement camera 10, and connect it to the external computer via the RS485 to USB data cable. The preparation work is completed;

[0097] Step 3: The 3D printer starts working, the non-contact first temperature sensor 5 collects the temperature data of the temperature monitoring point A of the non-contact infrared temperature sensor, and the sampling period is 0.1s. The contact second temperature sensor 8 collects the temperature data of the temperature monitoring point B of the contact digital temperature sensor, and the sampling period is 1s. The two temperature control modules receive the temperature signals of the temperature monitoring point A of the non-contact infrared temperature sensor and the temperature monitoring point B of the contact digital temperature sensor respectively, and run the incremental PID control program through the internal single-chip computer to adjust the output current of the thyristor, and change the output power of the high-temperature heating lamp 3 and the quartz heating tube 7 respectively, so that the temperature of the temperature monitoring point A of the non-contact infrared temperature sensor is maintained at 150±10℃, and the temperature of the temperature monitoring point B of the contact digital temperature sensor is maintained at 50±5℃; the infrared acquisition frequency of the online infrared temperature measurement camera 10 is 50Hz, and the temperature changes on the surface of the printed part are continuously transmitted to the external computer;

[0098] Step 4: The 3D printer prints layer by layer until the printing is completed;

[0099] Step 5: After printing is completed, all heating devices are turned off, the print head is moved to the starting position, and the cooling fan 13 is turned on. Cold air (usually 15-25° C.) passes through the ventilation duct and is blown out from multiple evenly distributed air outlets to dissipate heat more evenly for the printed entity. Depending on the size of the printed piece, the cooling time is generally 5-20 minutes;

[0100] Step 6: After the printed part has completely cooled down, take out the printed part, move the hot bed 1 of the 3D printer to the initial position, turn off the printer, and turn off the external power supply.

[0101] The utility model simulates the above 3D printing process, and the specific process of the simulation is as follows:

[0102] The ANSYS APDL module is used to perform numerical simulation on the 3D printing process mentioned in this article. The volume of the printed part is set to 2 (mm) * 2 (mm) * 0.8 (mm) (length * width * height). Three variable factors are selected: printing speed, nozzle temperature and hot bed temperature. The temperature and deformation data of the 3D printed parts with and without auxiliary heating under various combinations are simulated to analyze the beneficial effects of the utility model.

[0103] During simulation, the printing speeds were set to A1: 20mm / s, A2: 30mm / s, A3: 40mm / s, the nozzle temperatures were set to B1: 200℃, B2: 210℃, B3: 220℃, and the hot bed temperatures were set to C1: 50℃, C2: 60℃, C3: 70℃. A three-factor three-level orthogonal test was conducted, with a total of 9 groups, namely: A1B1C1, A1B2C2, A1B3C3, A2B1C2, A2B2C3, A2B3C1, A3B1C3, A3B2C1, A3B3C2.

[0104] The overall temperature cloud map, overall deformation cloud map, and maximum vector displacement comparison line graph of 9 groups of tests with and without auxiliary heating conditions were simulated respectively. The specific results are as follows:

[0105] Figure 7 The overall temperature cloud diagram of the 3D printed part when the 3D printing is completed is shown in the following figure when the printing speed is 20mm / s, the nozzle temperature is 220℃, and the hot bed temperature is 70℃, with or without auxiliary heating. It can be seen that when there is no auxiliary heating, the highest temperature of the 3D printed part is 220℃ and the lowest temperature is 141.97℃; when there is auxiliary heating, the highest temperature of the 3D printed part is 220℃ and the lowest temperature is 144.69℃, which is 2.72℃ higher than the case without auxiliary heating.

[0106] Figure 8 The overall deformation cloud diagram of the 3D printed part when 3D printing is completed with or without auxiliary heating is selected with a printing speed of 20mm / s, a nozzle temperature of 220℃, and a hot bed temperature of 70℃. It can be seen that when there is no auxiliary heating, the maximum vector displacement of the 3D printed part is 0.071mm; when there is auxiliary heating, the maximum vector displacement of the 3D printed part is 0.055mm. Compared with the case without auxiliary heating, the maximum vector displacement decreased by 0.016mm, and the printing error decreased by 22.5%.

[0107] Fig. 9 In a three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment, 9 groups of different process parameter combinations were used to complete 3D printing. The maximum vector displacement of 3D printed parts with and without auxiliary heating device was compared in a line chart. Under the action of the auxiliary heating device, the maximum vector displacement of the 9 groups of 3D printed parts decreased by an average of 18.72%.

Claims

1. A 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of a molded part, the temperature control device being used for a 3D printer, the 3D printer comprising a chassis, a hot bed (1), a printing head (2), and a 3D printing nozzle (4), characterized in that: The temperature control device comprises: A printing point temperature control unit, used for regulating the temperature of the formed solid surface at the printing point, wherein the printing point is located below the 3D printing nozzle (4); An environmental temperature control unit, used for regulating the environmental temperature outside a formed entity, wherein the formed entity is placed above the hot bed (1); A print heat dissipation unit, used to dissipate heat from the printed entity; The printing point temperature control unit comprises a plurality of high-temperature heating lamps (3), at least one first temperature sensor (5), a high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module (6) and a plurality of concave mirrors; the plurality of high-temperature heating lamps (3) are centered on the 3D printing nozzle (4) and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical and spaced manner along the radial plane of the 3D printing nozzle (4); the first temperature sensor (5) is arranged on one side of the 3D printing nozzle (4) and is used to collect temperature signals of the formed solid surface at the printing point in real time; all the high-temperature heating lamps (3) and the first temperature sensor (5) are installed on the bottom surface of the printing nozzle (2); and each high-temperature heating lamp (3) is provided with a corresponding a concave mirror, each concave mirror is used to focus the heat of a corresponding high-temperature heating lamp (3) onto the surface of the formed entity at the printing point; the signal output end of the first temperature sensor (5) is electrically connected to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module (6) and transmits the collected temperature signal of the surface of the formed entity at the printing point to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module (6); the plurality of high-temperature heating lamps (3) are electrically connected to the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module (6); the high-temperature heating lamp temperature control module (6) is used to realize feedback control of the power of the high-temperature heating lamp (3) in combination with the preset target temperature of the printing point and the received temperature signal of the surface of the formed entity at the printing point; The environmental temperature control unit comprises four rows of quartz heating tube groups, a second temperature sensor (8) and a quartz heating tube temperature control module (9), wherein the four rows of quartz heating tube groups and the second temperature sensor (8) are both arranged inside a chassis of the 3D printer; the four rows of quartz heating tube groups are both arranged vertically in the up-down direction, and the four rows of quartz heating tube groups are respectively arranged at intervals on the outside of four peripheries of the hot bed (1); each row of quartz heating tube groups is composed of a plurality of quartz heating tubes (7) arranged in parallel at equal intervals; a second temperature sensor (8) is installed on one side of the top surface of the hot bed (1); The second temperature sensor (8) is arranged outside the formed entity and is used to collect the ambient temperature signal outside the formed entity; the second temperature sensor (8) is electrically connected to the quartz heating tube temperature control module (9) and transmits the collected ambient temperature signal to the quartz heating tube temperature control module (9); all quartz heating tubes (7) are electrically connected to the quartz heating tube temperature control module (9); the quartz heating tube temperature control module (9) is used to realize feedback control of the output power of all quartz heating tubes (7) in combination with the preset ambient target temperature and the received ambient temperature signal.

2. A 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of molded parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The printed part heat dissipation unit comprises four rows of ventilation duct groups, a cooling fan (13) and a hose (15), wherein the ventilation duct groups and the hose (15) are arranged inside the chassis of the 3D printer, and the cooling fan (13) is arranged outside the chassis of the 3D printer; the four rows of ventilation duct groups are arranged vertically in the up-down direction, and are respectively arranged outside the four peripheries of the hot bed (1), and the four rows of ventilation duct groups are arranged at intervals from the hot bed (1); each row of ventilation duct groups is formed by a plurality of ventilation ducts (14) connected in parallel, and all ventilation ducts (14) in the same ventilation duct group are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and a plurality of through holes are opened on the outer peripheral surface of each ventilation duct (14) on the side facing the hot bed (1) as air outlets; each row of ventilation duct groups has an air inlet, and each air inlet is correspondingly connected to a hose (15) and is connected to the air outlet of the cooling fan (13) through the hose (15) correspondingly connected to itself.

3. A 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of molded parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature control device further comprises four substrates, which are arranged vertically in the up-down direction and are respectively arranged outside the four peripheries of the hot bed (1); each substrate is mounted with a row of quartz heating tube groups and a row of ventilation duct groups; all quartz heating tubes (7) and ventilation ducts (14) mounted on the same substrate are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and a ventilation duct (14) is interspersed between all adjacent quartz heating tubes (7), and a quartz heating tube (7) is interspersed between all adjacent ventilation ducts (14).

4. A 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of molded parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature control device further comprises a plurality of telescopic rods (12), each of the telescopic rods (12) being capable of telescoping along its own axial direction; each row of substrates is fixedly connected to one end of at least one telescopic rod (12), and the other end of the telescopic rod (12) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the chassis; all the telescopic rods (12) connected to the substrates located on the left and right sides of the hot bed (1) are telescoping in the transverse direction, and all the telescopic rods (12) connected to the substrates located on the front and rear sides of the hot bed (1) are telescoping in the longitudinal direction.

5. A 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of molded parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control device further comprises an infrared temperature measuring camera (10), which is installed on the top of the chassis and is used to collect the surface temperature signal of the formed entity and transmit the surface temperature signal of the formed entity to a computer, and the computer is used to visualize the change of the surface temperature of the formed entity during the printing process.

6. A 3D printing temperature control device for reducing deformation of molded parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spot radius of the high-temperature heating lamp (3) on the surface of the formed entity is 5 to 10 mm.

7. A 3D printer for reducing deformation of molded parts, characterized in that: The 3D printer comprises a temperature control device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the temperature control device is used to adjust the temperature of the 3D printer during printing.

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