Power divider / combiner based on coaxial line

Abstract

The utility model discloses a power divider / combiner based on a coaxial line. The power divider / combiner is simple to manufacture and can bear high power. The power divider / combiner comprises a first power dividing / combining circuit, a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor, the first power dividing / combining circuit comprises a first coaxial line and a fourth resistor; the first resistor is used for transmitting power P1, the second resistor is used for transmitting power P2, the third resistor is used for transmitting power P3, P1 = (P2 + P3) * n, and n is the number of the first power dividing / combining circuits; one end of the first resistor is connected with the first external element, and the other end is connected with the head end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line; one end of the second resistor is connected with the second external element, and the other end is connected with the head end of the outer conductor of the first coaxial line; one end of the third resistor is connected with a third external element, and the other end is connected with the tail end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line; the head end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line is connected with the tail end of the outer conductor; two ends of the fourth resistor are respectively connected with the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the first coaxial line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of power dividers and combiners, and in particular to a power divider / combiner based on a coaxial line. Background Art

[0002] Power dividers and combiners are widely used microwave components that divide and combine signals. They can be used as power dividers to achieve power distribution, or as combiners to achieve power synthesis. They are mainly used in wireless transceiver systems. In low-frequency circuits, transmission line transformers are generally used to achieve signal distribution and synthesis.

[0003] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an existing transmission line transformer. Figure 1 As shown, the RF signal is divided into two by the middle C path to A path and B path, which is a transformer transmission line. Its structure is a magnetic ring with two coils, namely a first coil 100 and a second coil 200. The head end of the second coil 200 is connected to the tail end of the first coil 100, and a balancing resistor R is connected between the head end of the first coil 100 and the tail end of the second coil 200. ba For example, set the resistor R on line A a and the resistor R on line B b The impedance value is 50 ohms, and the resistance R on the C path c The impedance value is 25 ohms, and the balancing resistor R ba The impedance value is 100 ohms, so the signal can be evenly distributed from C to A and B.

[0004] The insertion loss of the transmission line transformer is small and the isolation between the two paths is also large, but it has the following disadvantages: (1) Since the number of turns of the coil is related to the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring, the coil winding process is relatively complicated and the number of turns requires continuous experimentation; (2) The thickness of the coil affects the power that the device can withstand. If the coil is too thick, it is difficult to wind and the volume is large. If the coil is too thin, the power it can withstand is small. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a coaxial line-based power divider / combiner which is simple to manufacture and can withstand high power.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the utility model, a power splitter / combiner based on a coaxial line is provided, and the technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A power divider / combiner based on a coaxial line, the coaxial line includes a magnetic ring, an inner conductor passing through the magnetic ring and nested from the inside to the outside, an insulating layer and an outer conductor; includes a first power divider / combiner circuit, a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor; the first power divider / combiner circuit includes a first coaxial line and a fourth resistor; wherein: the first resistor is used to transmit power P1, the second resistor is used to transmit power P2, and the third resistor is used to transmit power P3, P1=(P2+P3)×n, n is the number of the first power divider / combiner circuits; one end of the first resistor is connected to the first external element, and the other end is connected to the head end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line; one end of the second resistor is connected to the second external element, and the other end is connected to the head end of the outer conductor of the first coaxial line; one end of the third resistor is connected to the third external element, and the other end is connected to the tail end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line; the head end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line is connected to the tail end of the outer conductor; the two ends of the fourth resistor are respectively connected to the head end and the tail end of the outer conductor of the first coaxial line.

[0008] In the power divider / combiner of the utility model, the magnetic ring of the coaxial line can adjust the magnetic field, thereby affecting the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in the coaxial line, the nested inner and outer conductor structures can improve the electromagnetic shielding performance of the coaxial line, and the complete closed loop is conducive to improving the power transmission efficiency of the coaxial line. Therefore, compared with the transmission line transformer, the utility model can have better electromagnetic characteristics and power transmission capacity. The length of the coaxial line has little effect on the performance of the power divider / combiner. The performance of the power divider / combiner mainly depends on the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring. For low frequency, a high magnetic permeability magnetic ring is used, and for high frequency, a low magnetic permeability magnetic ring is used. The impedance of the coaxial line is selected according to needs. The thicker the inner and outer conductor structures, the greater the power it can withstand, but there is no problem of winding difficulty caused by the thick wire. It can be seen that the power divider / combiner of the utility model has a simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, and can withstand greater power, can achieve a wide bandwidth, has a wide application prospect, and is particularly suitable for the matching design of low-frequency power amplifiers.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above power divider / combiner:

[0010] When n=2, it also includes a first impedance conversion circuit and a second power dividing / combining circuit connected in sequence to the first resistor, one end of the second power dividing / combining circuit is connected to the first resistor, and the other end is connected to the two first power dividing / combining circuits after being branched;

[0011] When n=4, it also includes a second impedance conversion circuit, a first impedance conversion circuit, a second power dividing / combining circuit and two third power dividing / combining circuits which are connected in sequence to the first resistor; the second power dividing / combining circuit is connected to the two third power dividing / combining circuits after branching, and each third power dividing / combining circuit is connected to the two first power dividing / combining circuits after branching.

[0012] Therefore, the impedance transformation circuit can be used to adjust the impedance matching of different parts and optimize power transmission; the second power division / combining circuit can distribute power to two first power division / combining circuits, and the third power division / combining circuit can further distribute power to four first power division / combining circuits; through these cascaded power division / combining circuits, different power distribution ratios can be flexibly achieved, which can be applied to systems that require complex power distribution management, such as radar, communications and other fields.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above power divider / combiner: the first impedance conversion circuit includes a second coaxial line; the second power divider / combiner circuit includes a third coaxial line and a fifth resistor; wherein,

[0014] The head end of the inner conductor of the second coaxial line is connected to the first resistor or the second impedance conversion circuit, and the tail end of the outer conductor is grounded;

[0015] The outer conductor head end of the second coaxial line, the inner conductor tail end of the second coaxial line, the inner conductor head end of the third coaxial line, and the outer conductor tail end of the third coaxial line are connected and then grounded through a first capacitor;

[0016] The outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the third coaxial line are respectively connected to the corresponding first power dividing / combining circuit or the third power dividing / combining circuit;

[0017] The first end of the outer conductor of the third coaxial line is grounded through the second capacitor, and the tail end of the inner conductor is grounded through the third capacitor;

[0018] Two ends of the fifth resistor are respectively connected to the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the third coaxial line.

[0019] Therefore, the use of inner and outer conductors of the coaxial line and the grounding capacitor can achieve good impedance matching and electromagnetic shielding; the arrangement of the fifth resistor on the third coaxial line may be used to adjust the power distribution ratio; this multi-stage impedance transformation and power division / combination circuit design can achieve more complex power management and distribution.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above-mentioned power divider / combiner: the second impedance conversion circuit includes two coaxial cables connected in parallel, the coaxial cables have an inner conductor, an insulating layer and an outer conductor nested and connected from the inside to the outside, and the inner and outer conductors of the two coaxial cables are connected at their ends.

[0021] Therefore, by implementing impedance transformation and adjusting the total impedance value in the second impedance transformation circuit through the parallel coaxial cable structure, the power transmission capacity can be improved, the power processing range can be increased, and the overall reliability and fault tolerance can be improved.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above power divider / combiner: the third power dividing / combining circuit includes a fourth coaxial line and a sixth resistor; wherein,

[0023] The inner conductor head end of the fourth coaxial line is connected to the second power splitting / combining circuit, the inner conductor head end is connected to the outer conductor tail end, and the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end are respectively connected to the two first power splitting / combining circuits;

[0024] Two ends of the sixth resistor are respectively connected to the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the fourth coaxial line.

[0025] In this way, the signal is distributed to the two first power dividing / combining circuits, and the sixth resistor can be used to adjust the ratio of the two branch signals.

[0026] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be partially given in the following description, partially become apparent from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to assist the understanding of the present invention. The contents provided in the drawings and their related descriptions in the present invention can be used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention.

[0028] In the attached picture:

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an existing transmission line transformer is shown in FIG.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the coaxial line in the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of Example 1 of the utility model.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial line-based power divider / combiner according to Example 1 of the utility model.

[0032] Figure 4 This is the simulation result of the S(2, 1) parameter of the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of Example 1 of the utility model.

[0033] Figure 5 These are the simulation results of the S(1, 1) and S(2, 2) parameters of the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of Example 1 of the present utility model.

[0034] Figure 6 The simulation results of the S(2, 3) parameters of the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of Example 1 of the utility model are shown in FIG.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coaxial line-based power divider / combiner according to Embodiment 2 of the present utility model.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial line-based power divider / combiner according to Embodiment 3 of the present utility model.

[0037] The relevant marks in the above drawings are:

[0038] 100-first coil, 200-second coil, 310-magnetic ring, 320-inner conductor, 330-insulating layer, 340-outer conductor, 410-first coaxial line, 420-second coaxial line, 430-third coaxial line, 440-fourth coaxial line, 510-first resistor, 520-second resistor, 530-third resistor, 540-fourth resistor, 550-fifth resistor, 560-sixth resistor, 600-coaxial cable, 710-first power dividing / combining circuit, 720-second power dividing / combining circuit, 730-third power dividing / combining circuit, 810-first impedance transformation circuit, 820-second impedance transformation circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The utility model is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. A person skilled in the art will be able to implement the utility model based on these descriptions. Before describing the utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that:

[0040] The technical solutions and technical features provided in each part of the utility model, including the following description, can be combined with each other if there is no conflict.

[0041] In addition, the embodiments of the present invention involved in the following description are generally only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Therefore, based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] About the terms and units in the present invention: The terms "include", "have" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present invention and related parts are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the coaxial line in the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of this embodiment. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of this embodiment.

[0045] like Figure 2As shown, the coaxial line includes a magnetic ring 310 , an inner conductor 320 passing through the magnetic ring 310 and nested from the inside to the outside, an insulating layer 330 and an outer conductor 340 .

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the power divider / combiner based on the coaxial line includes a first power divider / combiner circuit 710, a first resistor 510, a second resistor 520 and a third resistor 530; the first power divider / combiner circuit 710 includes a first coaxial line 410 and a fourth resistor 540; wherein: the first resistor 510 is used to transmit power P1, the second resistor 520 is used to transmit power P2, and the third resistor 530 is used to transmit power P3, P1 = (P2 + P3) × n, n is the number of the first power divider / combiner circuit 710, n = 1; the first resistor One end of 510 is connected to the first external element, and the other end is connected to the head end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line 410; one end of the second resistor 520 is connected to the second external element, and the other end is connected to the head end of the outer conductor of the first coaxial line 410; one end of the third resistor 530 is connected to the third external element, and the other end is connected to the tail end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line 410; the head end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line 410 is connected to the tail end of the outer conductor; two ends of the fourth resistor 540 are respectively connected to the head end and the tail end of the outer conductor of the first coaxial line 410.

[0047] The impedance value of the first resistor 510 is set to 25 ohms, the impedance values ​​of the first coaxial line 410, the second resistor 520 and the third resistor 530 are set to 50 ohms, and the impedance value of the fourth resistor 540 is 100 ohms. Then, a network analyzer is used to perform a simulation test on S-PARAMETERS (scattering parameters), wherein the inner conductor head end, inner conductor tail end, outer conductor head end, and outer conductor tail end of the first coaxial line 410 are set to port 1, port 2, port 3, and port 4, respectively.

[0048] Figure 4 : The simulation result of the S(2,1) parameter of the coaxial power divider / combiner of this embodiment, S(2,1) represents the signal transmission characteristic (through loss) from port 2 to port 1. Figure 4 It can be seen that the value of S(2, 1) at 13.60 MHz is -3.025 dB (corresponding to point m1), which means that the signal loss from port 2 to port 1 is 3.025 dB.

[0049] Figure 5 : is the simulation result of the parameters S(1,1) and S(2,2) of the power divider / combiner based on the coaxial line of this embodiment, S(1,1) represents the reflection coefficient of port 1, and S(2,2) represents the reflection coefficient of port 2. Figure 5As shown, the S(1, 1) value at 13.60 MHz is -24.725 dB (corresponding to point m2), and the S(2, 2) value is -84.784 dB (corresponding to point m3).

[0050] Figure 6 : The simulation result of the S(2,3) parameter of the coaxial power divider / combiner of this embodiment, S(2,3) represents the signal transmission characteristic (through loss) from port 2 to port 3. Figure 6 It can be seen that the value of S(2, 3) at 13.60 MHz is -24.725 dB (corresponding to point m4), which means that the signal loss from port 2 to port 3 is 24.725 dB.

[0051] from Figure 4-6 It can be seen that the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of this embodiment has very good insertion loss, return loss and isolation between branches, and the operating frequency is very low and the frequency band is very wide, so that a low-frequency power divider or combiner can be realized with high power and small volume, and it is simpler to implement than a traditional transformer.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of this embodiment.

[0054] Compared with Example 1, the power divider / combiner of this embodiment has the following differences: Figure 7 As shown, n=2. At this time, the power divider / combiner also includes a first impedance conversion circuit 810 and a second power divider / combiner circuit 720 which are connected in sequence to the first resistor 510. One end of the second power divider / combiner circuit 720 is connected to the first resistor 510, and the other end is connected to the two first power divider / combiner circuits 710 after being branched.

[0055] The first impedance transformation circuit 810 includes a second coaxial line 420; the second power division / combination circuit 720 includes a third coaxial line 430 and a fifth resistor 550; wherein, the inner conductor head end of the second coaxial line 420 is connected to the first resistor 510 or the second impedance transformation circuit 820, and the outer conductor tail end is grounded; the outer conductor head end of the second coaxial line 420, the inner conductor tail end of the second coaxial line 420, the inner conductor head end of the third coaxial line 430, and the outer conductor tail end of the third coaxial line 430 are connected and then grounded through a first capacitor; the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the third coaxial line 430 are respectively connected to the corresponding first power division / combination circuit 710 or the third power division / combination circuit 730; the outer conductor head end of the third coaxial line 430 is grounded through the second capacitor, and the inner conductor tail end is grounded through the third capacitor; the two ends of the fifth resistor 550 are respectively connected to the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the third coaxial line 430.

[0056] An optional impedance parameter setting is: the impedance value of the first resistor 510 is 50 ohms, the impedance values ​​of the second coaxial line 420, the third coaxial line 430, the fifth resistor 550, the first coaxial line 410, the second resistor 520 and the third resistor 530 are all 50 ohms, and the impedance value of the fourth resistor 540 is 100 ohms.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the coaxial line-based power divider / combiner of this embodiment.

[0059] Compared with the first embodiment, the power divider / combiner of the present embodiment has the following differences: Figure 8 As shown, n=4. At this time, the power divider / combiner also includes a second impedance transformation circuit 820 connected to the first resistor 510, the first impedance transformation circuit 810, a second power divider / combiner circuit 720 and two third power divider / combiner circuits 730. The second power divider / combiner circuit 720 is connected to the two third power divider / combiner circuits 730 after branching, and each third power divider / combiner circuit 730 is connected to the two first power divider / combiner circuits 710 after branching.

[0060] The second impedance transformation circuit 820 includes two coaxial cables 600 connected in parallel. Compared with the coaxial cable, the coaxial cable 600 does not contain a magnetic ring, but only has an inner conductor, an insulating layer and an outer conductor nested and connected from the inside to the outside. The inner conductor and the outer conductor of the two coaxial cables 600 are connected at both ends accordingly.

[0061] The third power division / combining circuit 730 includes a fourth coaxial line 440 and a sixth resistor 560; wherein, the inner conductor head end of the fourth coaxial line 440 is connected to the second power division / combining circuit 720, the inner conductor head end is connected to the outer conductor tail end, and the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end are respectively connected to the two first power division / combining circuits 710; and the two ends of the sixth resistor 560 are respectively connected to the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the fourth coaxial line 440.

[0062] An optional impedance parameter setting is: the impedance value of the first resistor 510 is 50 ohms, the impedance value of the two coaxial cables 600 is 50 ohms, the impedance values ​​of the second coaxial line 420, the third coaxial line 430, and the fifth resistor 550 are all 25 ohms, the impedance values ​​of the fourth coaxial line 440, the sixth resistor 560, the first coaxial line 410, the second resistor 520 and the third resistor 530 are all 50 ohms, and the impedance value of the fourth resistor 540 is 100 ohms.

[0063] The above is an explanation of the relevant contents of the utility model. A person skilled in the art will be able to implement the utility model based on these explanations. Based on the above contents of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the utility model.

Claims

1. A power divider / combiner based on a coaxial line, the coaxial line comprising a magnetic ring (310), an inner conductor (320) passing through the magnetic ring (310) and connected from the inside to the outside, an insulating layer (330) and an outer conductor (340); characterized in that: The invention comprises a first power splitting / combining circuit (710), a first resistor (510), a second resistor (520) and a third resistor (530); the first power splitting / combining circuit (710) comprises a first coaxial line (410) and a fourth resistor (540); wherein: The first resistor (510) is used to transmit power P1, the second resistor (520) is used to transmit power P2, and the third resistor (530) is used to transmit power P3, P1=(P2+P3)×n, where n is the number of the first power splitting / combining circuits (710); One end of the first resistor (510) is connected to the first external element, and the other end is connected to the head end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line (410); One end of the second resistor (520) is connected to the second external element, and the other end is connected to the outer conductor head end of the first coaxial line (410); One end of the third resistor (530) is connected to the third external element, and the other end is connected to the tail end of the inner conductor of the first coaxial line (410); The inner conductor head end of the first coaxial line (410) is connected to the outer conductor tail end; Two ends of the fourth resistor (540) are respectively connected to the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the first coaxial line (410).

2. The power divider / combiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: When n=2, it also includes a first impedance conversion circuit (810) and a second power dividing / combining circuit (720) connected in sequence to the first resistor (510), one end of the second power dividing / combining circuit (720) being connected to the first resistor (510), and the other end being connected to the two first power dividing / combining circuits (710) after being branched; When n=4, the invention further comprises a second impedance conversion circuit (820), a first impedance conversion circuit (810), a second power dividing / combining circuit (720) and two third power dividing / combining circuits (730) which are sequentially connected to the first resistor (510); the second power dividing / combining circuit (720) is connected to the two third power dividing / combining circuits (730) after branching, and each third power dividing / combining circuit (730) is connected to the two first power dividing / combining circuits (710) after branching.

3. The power divider / combiner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first impedance conversion circuit (810) includes a second coaxial line (420); the second power splitting / combining circuit (720) includes a third coaxial line (430) and a fifth resistor (550); wherein, The head end of the inner conductor of the second coaxial line (420) is connected to the first resistor (510) or the second impedance conversion circuit (820), and the tail end of the outer conductor is grounded; The outer conductor head end of the second coaxial line (420), the inner conductor tail end of the second coaxial line (420), the inner conductor head end of the third coaxial line (430), and the outer conductor tail end of the third coaxial line (430) are connected and then grounded via a first capacitor; The outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the third coaxial line (430) are respectively connected to the corresponding first power splitting / combining circuit (710) or the third power splitting / combining circuit (730); The outer conductor head end of the third coaxial line (430) is grounded via a second capacitor, and the inner conductor tail end is grounded via a third capacitor; Two ends of the fifth resistor (550) are respectively connected to the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the third coaxial line (430).

4. The power divider / combiner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second impedance conversion circuit (820) comprises two coaxial cables (600) connected in parallel, wherein the coaxial cables (600) have an inner conductor, an insulating layer and an outer conductor which are nested and connected from the inside to the outside, and the inner conductors and the outer conductors of the two coaxial cables (600) are connected at their ends.

5. The power divider / combiner as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The third power splitting / combining circuit (730) comprises a fourth coaxial line (440) and a sixth resistor (560); wherein, The inner conductor head end of the fourth coaxial line (440) is connected to the second power splitting / combining circuit (720), the inner conductor head end is connected to the outer conductor tail end, and the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end are respectively connected to the two first power splitting / combining circuits (710); Two ends of the sixth resistor (560) are respectively connected to the outer conductor head end and the inner conductor tail end of the fourth coaxial line (440).

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