Permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet
By adding magnetic flow diversion units to the magnetic poles of permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnets, the problem of controlling magnetic circuit conduction and short circuit is solved, and the requirements of suspension and gravity reduction are met under low energy consumption are achieved, and the suspension electromagnet is avoided from being absorbed by death and high energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421233763.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-01
AI Technical Summary
The existing permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet has difficulties in controlling the conduction and magnetic short circuit of the magnetic circuit, which leads to the inability to effectively switch the magnetic circuit in actual engineering applications, resulting in insufficient suction force under small air gaps or energy consumption under large air gaps. Excessive problem.
The magnetic flow diversion unit is attached to the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet. The magnetic flow diversion unit is used to switch the permanent magnet magnetic circuit to the short-circuit magnetic circuit when there is no electromagnetic excitation, thereby realizing the short-circuit function of the magnetic circuit and restoring the original function when needed Conduction with magnetic circuit.
It can meet the needs of levitation and gravity reduction under low energy consumption, avoid the problems of suspended electromagnets being absorbed under small air gaps and excessive energy consumption under large air gaps, and improve the flexibility and control of the magnetic circuit.
Smart Images
Figure CN222365444U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid excitation, in particular to a permanent magnet and electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet. Background Art
[0002] Adding permanent magnetic materials to the current excitation device to form a permanent magnetic electromagnetic hybrid device can effectively reduce energy consumption compared to the original pure electromagnetic device. At present, there are application cases of permanent magnetic electromagnetic hybrid methods in the field of electromagnets that generate levitation force and reduce gravity to achieve electromechanical energy conversion. For example, a hybrid levitation electromagnet composed of permanent magnets and electromagnets.
[0003] Since it is more difficult to control the magnetic field than to control the electric field, in the current use of permanent magnets, it is not easy to achieve functions such as magnetic circuit conduction, magnetic circuit shutdown, and magnetic field short circuit like controlling the circuit current. Permanent magnets have the characteristics of non-magnetic unipolarity and non-magnetic insulating materials, so there are few other control methods for controlling the magnetic field except for controlling the size of the magnetic flux. This situation restricts the effective use of permanent magnets. For example, in the field of permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid suspension electromagnets, there are currently a variety of structural designs of permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnets that are attempted to be used in maglev trains. The experimental devices made by the National University of Defense Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University and other units can achieve hybrid suspension in an experimental environment, but they are still not applied in actual engineering. The reason is that the magnetic circuit of permanent magnets is difficult to control, cannot be effectively switched, and cannot achieve magnetic short circuit and magnetic conduction on demand. Specifically: Under a small suspension air gap, such as a 1.5 mm suspension air gap, it is hoped that the suction provided by the permanent magnet is as small as possible, and it is even hoped that the permanent magnet magnetic circuit can be shut down. At the rated 8 mm suspension air gap, it is hoped that the suction provided by the permanent magnet is as large as possible. Since the permanent magnetic circuit cannot be switched on and off freely, the permanent magnetic field can only be offset by reverse excitation current at the small suspension air gap. However, in actual engineering applications, it may happen that under small air gap conditions, the power equipment fails and the reverse excitation current cannot be provided, causing the hybrid electromagnet to be sucked to the track. In addition, if the suction force at the small air gap is designed to be less than the weight of the train, the suction force provided by the permanent magnet at the rated suspension air gap is very small, and energy consumption cannot be effectively reduced. Utility Model Content
[0004] The utility model proposes a permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet, in which a magnetic conduction unit is added to the magnetic pole of the existing permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet. When there is no electromagnetic excitation, the magnetic conduction unit switches the original magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet magnetic circuit to a short-circuit magnetic circuit to realize the short-circuit function.
[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
[0006] A permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet comprises a primary unit and a secondary unit; the primary unit comprises a primary iron core, a first primary magnetic pole and a second primary magnetic pole, and two ends of the primary iron core are respectively connected to the first primary magnetic pole and the second primary magnetic pole; a primary winding is wound around the primary iron core, or the first primary magnetic pole and the second primary magnetic pole are each wound around a primary winding; a first permanent magnetic unit is also arranged at the upper end of the first primary magnetic pole, i.e., the end adjacent to the secondary unit, and a second permanent magnetic unit is also arranged at the upper end of the second primary magnetic pole, i.e., the end adjacent to the secondary unit; the primary iron core, the first primary magnetic pole, the first permanent magnetic unit, the secondary unit, the second permanent magnetic unit, and the second primary magnetic pole constitute a working magnetic circuit; the primary iron core, the first primary magnetic pole, the first permanent magnetic unit, the secondary unit, the second permanent magnetic unit, and the second primary magnetic pole constitute a working magnetic circuit; the primary unit also comprises a first magnetic guide unit and a second magnetic guide unit; the first magnetic guide unit is attached to the first primary magnetic pole and the first permanent magnetic unit, and together with the first primary magnetic pole and the first permanent magnetic unit, constitutes a short-circuit magnetic circuit; the second magnetic guide unit is attached to the second primary magnetic pole and the second permanent magnetic unit, and together with the second primary magnetic pole and the second permanent magnetic unit, constitutes a short-circuit magnetic circuit.
[0007] Furthermore, the first permanent magnet unit is a single permanent magnet, and the first magnetic conductivity unit includes a first magnetic conductivity fluid and a second magnetic conductivity fluid made of magnetic conductive material; the first magnetic conductivity fluid and the second magnetic conductivity fluid are respectively attached to the left and right sides or the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet; the second permanent magnet unit and the second magnetic conductivity unit have the same material and structure as the first permanent magnet unit and the first magnetic conductivity unit.
[0008] Preferably, the first magnetic permeable fluid and the second magnetic permeable fluid further extend downward to fit the side surface of the first primary magnetic pole.
[0009] Preferably, the left and right sides or the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet are the two sides with long sides of the permanent magnet; the first magnetic permeable fluid and the second magnetic permeable fluid are respectively attached to the two sides with long sides of the permanent magnet.
[0010] Preferably, the first magnetic permeability unit also includes a third magnetic permeability fluid and a fourth magnetic permeability fluid made of magnetic conductive material; if the first magnetic permeability fluid and the second magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the left and right sides of the permanent magnet, then the third magnetic permeability fluid and the fourth magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet; if the first magnetic permeability fluid and the second magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet, then the third magnetic permeability fluid and the fourth magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the left and right sides of the permanent magnet.
[0011] Preferably, the upper surface of the permanent magnet is a stepped surface or a curved surface.
[0012] Furthermore, the first permanent magnet unit includes N permanent magnets, and the first magnetic conductivity unit includes N+1 magnetic conductivity fluids made of magnetic conductive materials, where N is greater than or equal to 2; the magnetic conductivity fluids and permanent magnets are bonded in the order of the first magnetic conductivity fluid, the first permanent magnet, the second magnetic conductivity fluid, ..., the Nth permanent magnet, and the N+1th magnetic conductivity fluid; the second permanent magnet unit and the second magnetic conductivity unit have the same material and structure as the first permanent magnet unit and the first magnetic conductivity unit.
[0013] Preferably, the first magnetic permeable fluid and the N+1 magnetic permeable fluid further extend downward to fit the side surface of the first primary magnetic pole.
[0014] Preferably, the magnetically conductive fluid and the permanent magnet are bonded in sequence according to the first magnetically conductive fluid, the first permanent magnet, the second magnetically conductive fluid, ..., the Nth permanent magnet, and the N+1th magnetically conductive fluid to form a combination after bonding; it also includes two side magnetically conductive fluids, and the two side magnetically conductive fluids are respectively bonded to the two side surfaces of the combination; the two side surfaces of the combination are the two side surfaces perpendicular to the bonding surface of the combination.
[0015] Preferably, the two side magnetic permeable fluids further extend downward to fit the side surfaces of the first primary magnetic pole.
[0016] The permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet of the utility model can prevent the primary from being sucked to the secondary in the case of power failure, and can meet the use requirements of suspension force and weight reduction force in the case of low energy consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the existing permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet structure (winding in the iron core).
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the existing permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet structure (winding at the primary magnetic pole).
[0019] Figure 3 This is the front view of Example 1 of the utility model.
[0020] Figure 4 It is a stereogram of embodiment 1 of the utility model.
[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the short-circuit magnetic circuit and the original magnetic circuit (working magnetic circuit) in Example 1 of the utility model.
[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing that the electromagnetic polarity direction is the same as the permanent magnet polarity direction in Example 1 of the utility model.
[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing that the direction of the electromagnetic polarity is opposite to the direction of the permanent magnetic polarity in Example 1 of the utility model.
[0024] Figure 8 It is a stereoscopic diagram of embodiment 2 of the present utility model.
[0025] Fig. 9 It is a stereogram of embodiment 3 of the present utility model.
[0026] Fig.10 It is a side view of embodiment 3 of the utility model.
[0027] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the short-circuit magnetic circuit of Example 3 of the utility model.
[0028] Fig.12 It is a stereogram of embodiment 4 of the present utility model.
[0029] The symbols in the figure are as follows: 101 primary winding, 102 permanent magnet, 103 primary iron core, 104 primary magnetic pole, 105 secondary, 106 working air gap, 201 magnetic permeability fluid 1, 202 magnetic permeability fluid 2, 301 working magnetic circuit, 302 short-circuit magnetic circuit, 303 leakage magnetic field, 401 polarity direction generated by permanent magnet, 402 polarity direction generated by electromagnetic. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The utility model provides a permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet, in the existing permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet (such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 A magnetic conduction unit is added to the magnetic pole of the original hybrid electromagnet (as shown in the figure). When no electromagnetic excitation is added, the magnetic conduction unit will switch the original magnetic circuit of the permanent magnetic circuit in the original hybrid electromagnet to a short-circuit magnetic circuit, thereby realizing the short-circuit function, which can also be called the permanent magnetic original magnetic circuit shutoff function. When the same-direction electromagnetic excitation is added, the magnetic conduction unit will largely lose the short-circuit or permanent magnetic circuit shutoff function, and the permanent magnetic circuit will basically work according to the original magnetic circuit. Here, the original magnetic circuit refers to the working path of the permanent magnetic circuit from the primary to the secondary (also called the working magnetic circuit), and the short-circuit magnetic circuit refers to the path of the permanent magnetic circuit from the permanent magnet to the magnetic conduction unit.
[0031] The utility model provides a permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid electromagnet, comprising a primary unit and a secondary unit; the primary unit comprises a primary iron core, a first primary magnetic pole and a second primary magnetic pole, and two ends of the primary iron core are respectively connected to the first primary magnetic pole and the second primary magnetic pole; a primary winding is wound around the primary iron core, or the first primary magnetic pole and the second primary magnetic pole are respectively wound around a primary winding; the upper end of the first primary magnetic pole, i.e., the end adjacent to the secondary unit, is also provided with a first permanent magnetic unit, and the upper end of the second primary magnetic pole, i.e., the end adjacent to the secondary unit, is also provided with a second permanent magnetic unit; the primary iron core, the first primary magnetic pole, the first permanent magnetic unit, the secondary unit, the second permanent magnetic unit, and the second primary magnetic pole constitute a working magnetic circuit; the utility model also comprises a first magnetic guide unit and a second magnetic guide unit; the first magnetic guide unit is attached to the first primary magnetic pole and the first permanent magnetic unit, and together with the first primary magnetic pole and the first permanent magnetic unit, constitutes a short-circuit magnetic circuit; the second magnetic guide unit is attached to the second primary magnetic pole and the second permanent magnetic unit, and together with the second primary magnetic pole and the second permanent magnetic unit, constitutes a short-circuit magnetic circuit.
[0032] The primary winding is a copper or aluminum enameled coil with a certain number of turns wound on the primary iron core or primary magnetic pole. The permanent magnet unit is arranged at the primary magnetic pole and is made of hard magnetic material with high coercivity. The primary iron core, primary magnetic pole and secondary unit are all made of magnetic conductive materials. The primary iron core, primary magnetic pole, permanent magnet unit and secondary unit together constitute the original magnetic circuit of the permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet.
[0033] The magnetic conduction unit is made of magnetic conductive material and is arranged at the primary magnetic pole and the permanent magnetic unit, and the magnetic conduction unit, the primary magnetic pole and the permanent magnetic unit together form a short-circuit magnetic circuit.
[0034] When no electromagnetic excitation is added to the primary winding, the entire permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet is provided with an excitation source by the permanent magnet unit, and the magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet mainly flows through the short-circuit magnetic circuit, while there is a part of the leakage magnetic field flowing outside and a part of the magnetic field flowing through the original magnetic circuit. Since the main magnetic field does not flow through the original magnetic circuit, when no electromagnetic excitation is added to the primary winding, the short-circuit or switching function of the original magnetic circuit can be realized. When a certain electromagnetic excitation is added to the primary winding, the entire permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet is provided with an excitation source by the primary winding and the permanent magnet unit, and the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic and permanent magnet mainly flows through the original magnetic circuit, while there is a part of the leakage magnetic field flowing outside and a part of the magnetic field flowing through the short-circuit magnetic circuit. Since the main magnetic field flows through the original magnetic circuit, when a certain electromagnetic excitation is added to the primary winding, the conduction function of the original magnetic circuit can be realized.
[0035] When the direction of the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic excitation in the primary winding is in the same direction as the corresponding permanent magnet unit, it can realize the function of conducting the original magnetic circuit; when it is in the opposite direction to the corresponding permanent magnet unit, it can realize the function of weakening the original magnetic circuit and causing the magnetic field to flow through the short-circuit magnetic circuit.
[0036] In all working conditions of the permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet, some working conditions do not want the permanent magnet to provide energy, and it is difficult to achieve automatic control by adding an additional mechanical switching device. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet proposed by the utility model has a magnetic circuit switching function, which can select the original magnetic circuit to work when the permanent magnet needs to provide energy, and select the short-circuit magnetic circuit to work when the permanent magnet does not need to provide energy.
[0037] The following is a permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid suspension electromagnet as an example, combined with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to further illustrate the utility model.
[0038] Example 1
[0039] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid suspension electromagnet includes a primary winding 101, a permanent magnet unit, a primary iron core 103, a primary magnetic pole 104, a secondary unit 105 and a magnetic permeability unit. The permanent magnet unit shown in the figure is a single rectangular permanent magnet 102, and the magnetic permeability unit includes two magnetic permeability fluids 201, which are respectively close to the two sides with long sides of the permanent magnet 102 and extend downward to the side of the primary magnetic pole 104. The magnetic permeability fluid 201 is arranged on the two sides with long sides of the permanent magnet 102, and the short-circuit effect is better; and the magnetic permeability fluid 201 extends to the primary magnetic pole 104, so that the magnetic resistance is smaller, which is conducive to the permanent magnetic field flowing along the short-circuit magnetic circuit. The magnetic permeability fluid 201 can also be arranged on the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet unit. For example, when the permanent magnet 102 is a cube, the magnetic permeability fluid 201 is arranged on the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet 102, or on the left and right sides of the permanent magnet 102. Of course, according to different functional requirements, the magnetic fluid 201 can also be only close to the permanent magnet 102 without extending downward to the primary magnetic pole 104; the magnetic fluid 201 can also be set on the left, right, front and rear sides of the permanent magnet 102, so that the permanent magnet 102 is enclosed to form more short-circuit magnetic circuits.
[0040] Figure 5 The short-circuit magnetic circuit 302 of this embodiment and the original magnetic circuit 301 (working magnetic circuit) are shown.
[0041] The specific parameters of this embodiment are shown in Table 1:
[0042] Table 1 Dimensional parameters of hybrid suspension electromagnet
[0043] Parameter name Parameter Value Parameter name Parameter Value Primary pole length 2720mm Winding turns 350 Primary groove depth 70mm Maximum working clearance 16mm Primary slot width 160mm Aluminum wire size 3*6mm Secondary pole width 28mm Permanent magnet width 28mm Permanent magnet thickness 20mm Width of magnetic permeable fluid 5mm Permanent magnet length 2720mm Length of magnetic permeable fluid 2720mm Magnetic fluid thickness 80mm Rated operating current 30A Maximum operating current 80A
[0044] like Figure 6 As shown, the polarities of the two permanent magnets 102 in the permanent magnet unit facing the lower side of the secondary unit 105 are N and S respectively. When a positive current flows through the primary winding 101, the polarity of the primary magnetic pole 104 is consistent with the polarity of the upper side of the permanent magnet 102; Figure 7As shown, when a reverse current flows through the primary winding 101 , the polarity of the primary magnetic pole 104 is opposite to the polarity of the upper side of the permanent magnet.
[0045] When no current is passed through the primary winding 101, the permanent magnet 102 provides an excitation source, and the magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet mainly flows through the short-circuit magnetic circuit 302, and there is a leakage magnetic field 303 that flows outside and a magnetic field that flows through the original magnetic circuit. When a certain positive current is passed through the primary winding 101, the primary winding 101 and the permanent magnet 102 jointly provide an excitation source, and the magnetic field formed by the electromagnetic and permanent magnets mainly flows through the original magnetic circuit 301, that is, flows through the secondary unit 105, and there is a leakage magnetic field 303 that flows outside and a magnetic field that flows through the short-circuit magnetic circuit 302. Due to the presence of the magnetic permeability fluid 201, whether the primary winding 101 passes current has a great impact on the permanent magnetic circuit, and thus affects the suspension force of the permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid suspension electromagnet.
[0046] In this embodiment, the total weight of the suspension G = 35kN is used as the suspension target, the maximum air gap for floating is 16mm, the rated working air gap is 8mm, and the air gap to prevent dead suction is 1.5mm. The specific goal is that the permanent magnet electromagnetic hybrid suspension electromagnet needs to provide a suspension force greater than the suspension target at the maximum air gap of 16mm, and use a smaller current to achieve suspension under the rated suspension air of 8mm. Under the air gap of 1.5mm, no suspension force greater than its own weight will be generated when no current is passed, thereby avoiding the suspension electromagnet being sucked to death due to power failure in special circumstances.
[0047] use Figure 6 The specific dimensions of the structure and hybrid suspension electromagnet are calculated and simulated to obtain the following results:
[0048] At the 1.5mm air gap, no current is passed through the primary winding 101. At this time, the suspension force generated by the permanent magnet 102 alone is 32.4kN, which is less than the total suspension weight of 35kN, and the goal of preventing suction can be achieved; if the magnetically conductive fluid 201 is removed and no current is passed through the primary winding 101, the suspension force generated by the permanent magnet 102 alone is 52.65kN, which is obviously greater than the total suspension weight of 35kN, and suction will occur.
[0049] At an air gap of 8 mm, the primary winding 101 can achieve normal suspension when a forward current of 18.6 A is passed. If the permanent magnet 102) and the magnetic permeable fluid 201 are removed, and the air gap between the primary magnetic pole 104 and the secondary unit 105 is still 8 mm, a current of 26.1 A needs to be passed through the primary winding 101. The resistance of the coil winding is constant, and according to the power formula P = I 2 It can be seen from R that the energy consumption of the pure electromagnetic type electromagnet is 1.97 times that of the hybrid electromagnet after the optimized design of the utility model.
[0050] At the 16mm air gap, when the primary winding 101 is passed through a 41A forward current, the suspension force is 35.6kN, which is greater than the total suspension weight and can float normally. If the permanent magnet 102 and the magnetic permeability fluid 201 are removed, and the air gap between the primary magnetic pole 104 and the secondary unit 105 is still 16mm, the primary winding 101 needs to be passed through a 50A current to achieve normal floating.
[0051] In this embodiment, the permanent magnet 102 is made into a step shape (or a curved shape), which is more conducive to magnetic field conduction.
[0052] Example 2
[0053] like Figure 8 As shown, the permanent magnet unit includes three permanent magnets 102, and the magnetic permeability unit includes four magnetic permeability fluids. The three permanent magnets and the two magnetic permeability fluids are arranged in sequence to form a combination. The other two magnetic permeability fluids are arranged on both sides of the combination and extend downward to fit the primary magnetic pole 104. This layout allows each magnetic permeability fluid to form a short-circuit magnetic circuit with its adjacent permanent magnet. Since the narrower the permanent magnet, the easier it is to short-circuit along both sides, multiple permanent magnets and multiple magnetic permeability fluids form multiple short-circuit magnetic circuits to better achieve the short-circuit effect.
[0054] Example 4
[0055] Fig. 9 , Fig.10 Another layout of the permanent magnet unit and the magnetic conduction unit is shown. In the figure, the permanent magnet unit includes a plurality of permanent magnets 102, and the magnetic conduction unit includes a plurality of magnetic conduction fluids, and the magnetic conduction fluids and the permanent magnets are arranged in sequence to form a combined body. Fig.11 The short-circuit magnetic circuit 302 of this embodiment is shown, and each magnetic permeability fluid forms a short-circuit magnetic circuit 302 with the adjacent permanent magnet.
[0056] Example 4
[0057] like Fig.12 As shown, on the basis of Example 3, two magnetically conductive fluids are added, so that each permanent magnet 102 is surrounded by the magnetically conductive fluid 201, forming more short-circuit magnetic circuits.
[0058] In the above embodiments, different layouts of the permanent magnet 102 and the magnetically conductive fluid 201 should be arranged according to the functional requirements of the permanent magnet-electromagnet hybrid electromagnet (suspension effect or weight reduction effect), or the magnetic conductivity characteristics of the magnetic conductive material.
Claims
1. A permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet, comprising a primary unit and a secondary unit; the primary unit comprises a primary iron core, a first primary magnetic pole and a second primary magnetic pole, and two ends of the primary iron core are respectively connected to the first primary magnetic pole and the second primary magnetic pole; a primary winding is wound around the primary iron core, or the first primary magnetic pole and the second primary magnetic pole are each wound with a primary winding; a first permanent magnet unit is further arranged at the upper end of the first primary magnetic pole, i.e., the end adjacent to the secondary unit, and a second permanent magnet unit is further arranged at the upper end of the second primary magnetic pole, i.e., the end adjacent to the secondary unit; the primary iron core, the first primary magnetic pole, the first permanent magnet unit, the secondary unit, the second permanent magnet unit, and the second primary magnetic pole constitute a working magnetic circuit; It is characterized in that It also includes a first magnetic conduction unit and a second magnetic conduction unit; the first magnetic conduction unit is attached to the first primary magnetic pole and the first permanent magnetic unit, and together with the first primary magnetic pole and the first permanent magnetic unit, it forms a short-circuit magnetic circuit; the second magnetic conduction unit is attached to the second primary magnetic pole and the second permanent magnetic unit, and together with the second primary magnetic pole and the second permanent magnetic unit, it forms a short-circuit magnetic circuit.
2. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first permanent magnet unit is a single permanent magnet, and the first magnetic permeability unit includes a first magnetic permeability fluid and a second magnetic permeability fluid made of magnetic permeability material; the first magnetic permeability fluid and the second magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the left and right sides or the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet; The second permanent magnet unit and the second magnetic conduction unit are made of the same material and structure as the first permanent magnet unit and the first magnetic conduction unit.
3. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The first magnetic permeability fluid and the second magnetic permeability fluid further extend downward to fit the side surface of the first primary magnetic pole.
4. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The left and right sides or the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet are the two sides with long sides of the permanent magnet; the first magnetic permeable fluid and the second magnetic permeable fluid are respectively attached to the two sides with long sides of the permanent magnet.
5. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The first magnetic permeability unit also includes a third magnetic permeability fluid and a fourth magnetic permeability fluid made of magnetic conductive material; if the first magnetic permeability fluid and the second magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the left and right sides of the permanent magnet, then the third magnetic permeability fluid and the fourth magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet; if the first magnetic permeability fluid and the second magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the front and rear sides of the permanent magnet, then the third magnetic permeability fluid and the fourth magnetic permeability fluid are respectively attached to the left and right sides of the permanent magnet.
6. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the permanent magnet is a stepped surface or a curved surface.
7. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first permanent magnet unit includes N permanent magnets, and the first magnetic permeability unit includes N+1 magnetic permeability fluids made of magnetic permeability materials, where N is greater than or equal to 2; the magnetic permeability fluids and the permanent magnets are attached in the order of the first magnetic permeability fluid, the first permanent magnet, the second magnetic permeability fluid, ..., the Nth permanent magnet, and the N+1th magnetic permeability fluid; The second permanent magnet unit and the second magnetic conduction unit are made of the same material and structure as the first permanent magnet unit and the first magnetic conduction unit.
8. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first magnetic permeability fluid and the N+1th magnetic permeability fluid further extend downward to fit the side surface of the first primary magnetic pole.
9. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The magnetic permeability fluid and the permanent magnet are sequentially bonded in the order of the first magnetic permeability fluid, the first permanent magnet, the second magnetic permeability fluid, ..., the Nth permanent magnet, and the N+1th magnetic permeability fluid to form a combination after bonding; it also includes two side magnetic permeability fluids, and the two side magnetic permeability fluids are respectively bonded to the two side surfaces of the combination; the two side surfaces of the combination are the two side surfaces perpendicular to the bonding surface of the combination.
10. The permanent magnet hybrid electromagnet according to claim 9, characterized in that: The two side surface magnetic permeable fluids further extend downward to fit the side surfaces of the first primary magnetic pole.