Antenna assembly

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of communication, specifically provides an antenna assembly, and aims to solve the problem that a GNSS antenna in the prior art cannot increase the bandwidth of the antenna and improve the anti-interference capability on the premise of meeting the requirement of a limited space. For this purpose, the antenna assembly of the utility model comprises: a circuit board; the radiation unit is arranged on the top side of the circuit board and is electrically connected with the circuit board; and the parasitic director comprises a parasitic element and a director element, the parasitic element is arranged around the radiation unit, the director element is arranged on the top side of the radiation unit, and the parasitic element is electrically connected with the circuit board. By arranging the parasitic element around the radiation unit and arranging the guide element at the top side of the radiation unit, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is expanded, the antenna assembly is not easy to generate frequency offset in a complex metal environment, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, the back radiation of the antenna assembly is reduced, and the antenna efficiency is improved. The purpose of improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly on the premise of the limited space requirement is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of communications, and specifically provides an antenna component. Background Art

[0002] The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), also known as the Global Navigation Satellite System, is an airborne radio navigation and positioning system that provides users with all-weather three-dimensional coordinates, velocity, and time information anywhere on the Earth's surface or in near-Earth space. GNSS antennas are primarily used as transmitting antennas in on-frequency repeater systems and can also be used as receiving antennas in GPS navigation and positioning systems.

[0003] GNSS antennas used in electric vehicles face limited space and complex metallic environments. In these situations, they are susceptible to interference from the surrounding environment, which degrades system performance and, in turn, affects positioning accuracy. Existing GNSS antennas are unable to simultaneously increase antenna bandwidth and improve anti-interference capabilities while meeting these space constraints.

[0004] Accordingly, the art requires a new antenna assembly to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problem, that is, to solve the problem that the GNSS antenna in the prior art cannot simultaneously increase the antenna bandwidth and improve the anti-interference capability under the premise of meeting the limited space requirements.

[0006] In a first aspect, the utility model provides an antenna assembly, comprising: a circuit board; a radiating unit, wherein the radiating unit is arranged on the top side of the circuit board and is electrically connected to the circuit board; a parasitic director, wherein the parasitic director comprises a parasitic element and a guiding element, wherein the parasitic element is arranged around the radiating unit, the guiding element is arranged on the top side of the radiating unit, and the parasitic element is electrically connected to the circuit board.

[0007] When adopting the above technical solution, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is expanded by arranging parasitic elements around the radiating unit and arranging guiding elements on the top side of the radiating unit. In a complex metal environment, the antenna assembly is not prone to frequency deviation. At the same time, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved, the back radiation of the antenna assembly is reduced, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved. The setting position of the guiding element and the parasitic element has less effect on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to the flat setting with the radiating unit, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna assembly and improving the anti-interference capability under the premise of limited space requirements.

[0008] In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly, the guiding element includes a first guiding piece and a second guiding piece. The second guiding piece is arranged around the first guiding piece and a gap is formed between the second guiding piece and the first guiding piece.

[0009] When the above technical solution is adopted, the radiating unit achieves the purpose of directing the radiation pattern through the gap, so that the radiating unit radiates electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, which can stimulate a better radiation pattern, improve the antenna gain, axial ratio and front-to-back ratio, and enhance the anti-interference ability in complex metal environments.

[0010] In a specific embodiment of the above-mentioned antenna assembly, the first guide plate is a square metal plate, the second guide plate is a rectangular metal plate, the second guide plate is arranged around the first guide plate, the side length of the first guide plate is less than or equal to one quarter of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency, and the width of the gap between the adjacent sides of the first guide plate and the second guide plate is less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency.

[0011] When the above technical solution is adopted, a better guiding effect is achieved, and the anti-interference ability of the antenna assembly in a complex metal environment is further enhanced.

[0012] In a specific embodiment of the above antenna assembly, an amplifier circuit is provided on the circuit board, and the radiation unit is electrically connected to the amplifier circuit.

[0013] When the above technical solution is adopted, the signal received by the radiation unit is amplified by the amplifier circuit, which effectively improves the anti-interference ability of the antenna assembly.

[0014] In a specific embodiment of the above antenna assembly, the parasitic director further includes a bracket, the bracket cover is arranged outside the radiation unit, the parasitic element is arranged on the side wall of the bracket, and the guiding element is arranged on the top wall of the bracket.

[0015] When the above technical solution is adopted, the bracket is used to facilitate the arrangement of the parasitic element and the guiding element.

[0016] In a specific embodiment of the above antenna assembly, a buckle is provided on the bracket, a slot is provided on the circuit board, and the buckle is snapped into the slot.

[0017] When the above technical solution is adopted, the bracket is fixed on the circuit board by the engagement of the buckle and the slot, thereby achieving position fixation of the parasitic element and the guide element.

[0018] In a specific embodiment of the above antenna assembly, the antenna assembly further includes a base, the circuit board is mounted on the base, the amplifying circuit is electrically connected to the base, and the base is grounded.

[0019] When the above technical solution is adopted, the radiation unit is electrically connected to the base through the circuit board. Due to the grounding setting of the base, the proximal grounding of the radiation unit is achieved, thereby enhancing the back-to-back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.

[0020] In a specific embodiment of the above antenna assembly, the antenna assembly further includes a shielding cover, and the shielding cover is arranged between the circuit board and the base.

[0021] When the above technical solution is adopted, the shielding cover is used to reduce external electromagnetic interference and ensure the normal operation of the amplifier circuit.

[0022] In a specific embodiment of the above-mentioned antenna assembly, the antenna assembly further includes a cover body, which is installed on the base, and an installation cavity is formed between the cover body and the base, and the circuit board, the radiation unit and the parasitic director are arranged in the installation cavity.

[0023] When the above technical solution is adopted, the cover is used to protect the components in the installation cavity.

[0024] In a specific embodiment of the above antenna assembly, the radiation unit includes a radiation plate and a ceramic substrate, and the radiation plate is arranged in the ceramic substrate.

[0025] When the above technical solution is adopted, the radiation unit is composed of the radiation sheet and the ceramic substrate, which has a simple structure. The ceramic substrate has the characteristics of high dielectric constant, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., and a small-sized, highly stable radiation unit can be obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the antenna assembly of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the antenna assembly of the utility model;

[0029] List of reference numerals:

[0030] 1-radiating unit, 2-parasitic director, 3-circuit board, 4-base, 5-shielding cover, 6-cover, 21-parasitic element, 22-directing element, 23-bracket, 221-first director, 222-second director. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Some embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may adjust these embodiments as needed to suit specific applications.

[0032] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is merely for ease of description and does not indicate or imply that the relevant devices or components must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on specific circumstances.

[0034] Based on the problem pointed out in the background technology that the GNSS antenna in the existing technology cannot improve the anti-interference ability under the premise of meeting the limited space requirements, the utility model provides an antenna assembly, which aims to expand the bandwidth of the antenna assembly by arranging parasitic elements around the radiating unit and arranging guiding elements on the top side of the radiating unit. In a complex metal environment, the antenna assembly is not prone to frequency deviation. At the same time, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved, the back radiation of the antenna assembly is reduced, and the anti-multipath interference ability is improved. The setting position of the guiding element and the parasitic element has less effect on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to the flat setting with the radiating unit, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna assembly and improving the anti-interference ability under the premise of limited space requirements.

[0035] First reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 The exploded structure of the antenna assembly of the present invention is shown. Figure 1As shown, the antenna assembly of the present invention includes a radiation unit 1, a parasitic director 2, a circuit board 3, a base 4, a shielding cover 5, and a cover 6. The radiation unit 1 is a unit that constitutes the basic structure of the antenna. The radiation unit 1 is used to radiate or receive radio waves; the parasitic director 2 includes a parasitic element 21 and a guiding element 22. The parasitic element 21 is arranged around the radiation unit 1, and the guiding element 22 is arranged on the top side of the radiation unit 1. The parasitic element 21 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3; an amplifier circuit is provided on the circuit board 3, and the radiation unit 1 is mounted on the circuit board 3 and is electrically connected to the amplifier circuit. The amplifier circuit amplifies the signal received by the radiation unit 1, effectively improving The antenna assembly's anti-interference capability is enhanced. The circuit board 3 is mounted on the base 4. The amplifying circuit is electrically connected to the base 4, which is grounded. The radiating element 1 is electrically connected to the base 4 via the circuit board 3. Since the base 4 is grounded, the proximal grounding of the radiating element 1 is achieved, enhancing the antenna assembly's back-to-back anti-interference capability. The shielding cover 5 is disposed between the circuit board 3 and the base 4. The shielding cover 5 is used to reduce external electromagnetic interference and ensure the normal operation of the amplifying circuit. The cover 6 is mounted on the base 4. An installation cavity is formed between the cover 6 and the base 4. The circuit board 3, radiating element 1, and parasitic director 2 are disposed within the installation cavity. The cover 6 is used to protect the various components within the installation cavity. The antenna assembly also includes a feeder wire, which is soldered to the circuit board and electrically connected to the radiating element 1 and the parasitic director 2, respectively.

[0036] Since the guiding element 22 has the function of improving the normal gain and the parasitic element 21 has the function of increasing the antenna impedance bandwidth, the radiation pattern performance and impedance matching performance of the radiating unit 1 are improved, so that the antenna assembly can cover the full frequency bands of the four systems of GPS, GLONASS, BDS and GALILEO. Therefore, by arranging the parasitic element 21 around the radiating unit 1 and arranging the guiding element 22 on the top side of the radiating unit 1, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is expanded. In a complex metal environment, the antenna assembly is not prone to frequency deviation. At the same time, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved, the back radiation of the antenna assembly is reduced, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved. The setting position of the guiding element 22 and the parasitic element 21 has less effect on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to the flat setting with the radiating unit 1, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly under the premise of limited space requirements.

[0037] It should be noted that regarding the configuration of the shielding cover 5, because the shielding cover 5 absorbs, reflects, and offsets energy from both external and internal electromagnetic waves, the shielding cover 5 has the function of reducing interference. Optionally, the shielding cover 5 is a metal shell or a metal mesh cover, and the choice of metal material can be adjusted according to the usage. When the frequency of the interfering electromagnetic field is high, the eddy currents generated in the low-resistivity metal material are used to form a counteracting effect on the external electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving a shielding effect. When the frequency of the interfering electromagnetic wave is low, a material with high magnetic permeability is used to confine the magnetic lines of force to the interior of the shielding cover 5 and prevent them from spreading to the external space.

[0038] In addition, regarding the setting of the circuit board 3, the circuit board 3 is preferably a printed circuit board 3. The printed circuit board 3 adopts a printing method of conductive tracks to connect components and wires together. This printing method is more convenient for large-scale production and can also improve the performance and reliability of the circuit. In addition, the printed circuit board 3 can also realize cross-connection of multi-layer circuits through lamination, which is convenient for the layout of various different circuit structures; an amplification circuit is provided on the circuit board 3. Since the radio signals received by the radiation unit 1 are generally very weak and insufficient for direct processing and use, it is necessary to amplify the radio signals. The essence of amplification is to use the small energy of the radio signal to be amplified to control the large energy used for direct processing and use. The weak signal is converted into a strong signal through the amplification circuit, which improves the reliability and quality of communication, thereby effectively enhancing the anti-interference ability of the antenna component.

[0039] Furthermore, regarding the configuration of the base 4, the base 4 is preferably a metal base, which is fixed to the vehicle body or other equipment using the antenna assembly by screws to achieve the grounding of the base 4, thereby achieving proximal grounding of the radiating unit 1, thereby enhancing the back-to-back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly. The base 4 can also be a plastic base, and accordingly, a conductive structure is provided on the base 4, the conductive structure is grounded, and the circuit board 3 is electrically connected to the conductive structure and grounded through the conductive structure. When the base 4 is a plastic base, the conductive structure can also be omitted. In addition, when the base 4 is a plastic base, the top or bottom side of the base 4 can be covered with a metal layer, and the metal layer is covered in the form of laser engraving or FPC patch, etc., to increase the reflector area of ​​the antenna assembly.

[0040] Possibly, a waterproof sealing material is provided between the base 4 and the cover 6 to ensure that the installation cavity is sealed and waterproof, thereby ensuring the normal use of the antenna assembly and also increasing the service life.

[0041] Then see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 The figure shows the partial structure of the antenna assembly of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, the parasitic director 2 further includes a bracket 23, which can be a plastic bracket. The bracket 23 is covered outside the radiation unit 1, the parasitic element 21 is arranged on the side wall of the bracket 23, and the guiding element 22 is arranged on the top wall of the bracket 23. The bracket 23 is provided with a buckle, and the circuit board 3 is provided with a slot. The buckle is engaged in the slot to fix the bracket 23 on the circuit board 3, thereby achieving the position fixation of the parasitic element 21 and the guiding element 22. Figure 2 As shown, the guiding element 22 includes a first guiding plate 221 and a second guiding plate 222. The second guiding plate 222 is arranged around the first guiding plate 221 and a gap is formed between the second guiding plate 222 and the first guiding plate 221. The radiation unit 1 achieves the purpose of directing the radiation pattern through the gap, so that the radiation unit 1 radiates electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, can stimulate a better radiation pattern, improve the antenna gain, axial ratio and front-to-back ratio and other performance, and enhance the anti-interference ability in a complex metal environment.

[0042] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that although the above Figure 1 It is described that the bracket 23 is connected to the circuit board 3 by means of a buckle and a slot, but this is not restrictive, and the bracket 23 can also be fixedly mounted on the circuit board 3 by welding, bonding, etc., which also falls within the scope of protection of the present invention. Figure 1 It is described that the parasitic element 21 is arranged on the side wall of the bracket 23, and the guiding element 22 is arranged on the top wall of the bracket 23. This is not restrictive. The parasitic element 21 and the guiding element 22 can also be integrated on the inner wall of the cover 6 by laser engraving, electroplating, FPC patch, hot melt, etc.

[0043] Optionally, the first guide plate 221 is a square metal plate, and the second guide plate 222 is a rectangular metal plate. The second guide plates 222 are disposed around the first guide plate 221. The side length of the first guide plate 221 is less than or equal to one-quarter of the wavelength of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency, and the width of the gap between adjacent sides of the first and second guide plates 221, 222 is less than or equal to one-tenth of the wavelength of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency. This achieves a better guiding effect and further enhances the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly in complex metal environments. Furthermore, the parasitic element 21 includes four parasitic plates, each corresponding to a second guide plate 222. The parasitic plates are arranged at an angle to the circuit board 3, preferably perpendicular to the circuit board 3, to minimize the overall dimensions of the antenna assembly. Optionally, the parasitic plates are provided with protrusions, and the circuit board 3 is provided with sockets. The protrusions are plugged into the sockets, achieving electrical connection between the parasitic plate and the amplifier circuit, while also securing the parasitic plate.

[0044] It should be noted that, regarding the shapes of the first guide piece 221 and the second guide piece 222, the first guide piece 221 can be square, or circular, rectangular, elliptical, or other axisymmetric shapes. Accordingly, the second guide piece 222 is provided with a plurality of shapes and is located around the first guide piece 221. The second guide piece 222 can be rectangular, or wavy, trapezoidal, or other axisymmetric shapes, and the shape of the second guide piece 222 matches the shape of the first guide piece 221. Those skilled in the art can adjust it as needed. When the antenna assembly needs to be applicable to different operating frequency bands, a better guiding effect can be achieved by changing the side length of the first guide piece 221. In addition, the parasitic piece can be rectangular, or zigzag such as sinusoidal sawtooth, square sawtooth, triangular sawtooth, trapezoidal sawtooth, etc., or wavy, trapezoidal, or other axisymmetric shapes. Furthermore, regarding the arrangement of the first and second guide plates 221, 222, the guide element 22 may include both the first and second guide plates 221, 222. If the bandwidth requirement of the antenna assembly is relatively small, the guide element 22 may include only the first or second guide plate 221, 222, as long as the normal use requirements of the antenna assembly can be met. The above adjustments do not deviate from the principles of the present invention and are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Furthermore, the radiation unit 1 includes a radiation sheet and a ceramic substrate. The radiation sheet is arranged in the ceramic substrate. The ceramic substrate has the characteristics of high dielectric constant, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., so that a small-sized and highly stable radiation unit 1 can be obtained.

[0046] Possibly, the radiation sheet is a copper sheet, an aluminum sheet or other metal sheet, and the ceramic substrate can also be a plastic substrate, a PCB substrate or other substrate, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0047] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can adjust the above-mentioned embodiments so that the present invention can be applied to more specific application scenarios.

[0048] Thus far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An antenna assembly, characterized in that: The antenna assembly comprises: Circuit boards; A radiation unit, wherein the radiation unit is arranged on the top side of the circuit board and is electrically connected to the circuit board; a parasitic director, wherein the parasitic director comprises a parasitic element and a guiding element, wherein the parasitic element is arranged around the radiation unit, the guiding element is arranged on the top side of the radiation unit, and the parasitic element is electrically connected to the circuit board.

2. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding element includes a first guiding piece and a second guiding piece. The second guiding piece is arranged around the first guiding piece and a gap is formed between the second guiding piece and the first guiding piece.

3. The antenna assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first guide plate is a square metal plate, the second guide plate is a rectangular metal plate, the second guide plate is arranged around the first guide plate, the side length of the first guide plate is less than or equal to one quarter of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the working frequency, and the width of the gap between the adjacent sides of the first guide plate and the second guide plate is less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the working frequency.

4. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: An amplifier circuit is arranged on the circuit board, and the radiation unit is electrically connected to the amplifier circuit.

5. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parasitic director also includes a bracket, the bracket cover is arranged outside the radiation unit, the parasitic element is arranged on the side wall of the bracket, and the guiding element is arranged on the top wall of the bracket.

6. The antenna assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bracket is provided with a buckle, the circuit board is provided with a slot, and the buckle is snap-connected in the slot.

7. The antenna assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The antenna assembly also includes a base, the circuit board is mounted on the base, the amplifying circuit is electrically connected to the base, and the base is grounded.

8. The antenna assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that: The antenna assembly further comprises a shielding cover, and the shielding cover is arranged between the circuit board and the base.

9. The antenna assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The antenna assembly also includes a cover body, which is installed on the base. An installation cavity is formed between the cover body and the base, and the circuit board, the radiation unit and the parasitic director are arranged in the installation cavity.

10. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation unit comprises a radiation sheet and a ceramic substrate, wherein the radiation sheet is arranged in the ceramic substrate.

Images