Biomass carbonization kiln

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of carbonization equipment, and particularly relates to a biomass carbonization kiln. Which comprises a combustion chamber, a carbonization furnace and an incinerator which are sequentially communicated through pipelines, and is characterized in that flue gas treatment equipment is arranged between the carbonization furnace and the incinerator, and the tail end of the carbonization furnace is communicated with the incinerator through an afterburning pipe. The afterburning pipe introduces heavy combustible flue gas generated by the tail of the carbonization furnace into the incinerator through the adjustable induced draft fan part, and a more sufficient heat value can be provided for the incinerator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of carbonization equipment, and in particular relates to a biomass carbonization kiln. Background Art

[0002] Biomass pyrolysis carbonization furnace is a kind of equipment used to process and transform biomass materials (such as agricultural waste, forestry residues and organic waste). Through the pyrolysis and carbonization process, biomass is converted into high value-added products such as biochar, heat energy and combustible gas. Biomass pyrolysis carbonization technology has important application value in energy conversion, waste treatment, soil improvement and environmental protection.

[0003] Pyrolysis refers to the process of decomposing biomass into solid biochar, liquid bio-oil and gaseous combustible gas through high-temperature pyrolysis reaction under anaerobic or anoxic conditions. Biomass pyrolysis mainly includes three stages:

[0004] Drying stage: The water in the biomass is evaporated, usually between 100-200°C.

[0005] Pyrolysis stage: In the range of 200-700℃, the organic matter in the biomass is decomposed to produce biochar, liquid and gas.

[0006] Carbonization stage: The temperature exceeds 700°C, and the remaining solid matter is further carbonized to increase the fixed carbon content of the biochar.

[0007] At present, the prior art has disclosed the use of a rotary carbonization furnace and its additional equipment for pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass. Chinese invention CN202311747425.4 discloses an external heating biomass pyrolysis device, including: a rotary kiln, a carbonization furnace, a middle layer heating assembly, an inner layer heating assembly, a gas cabinet, a vertical furnace, a waste heat boiler, and an induced draft fan. A feeder is provided at the front end of the rotary kiln, and a charcoal cabinet is provided at the end thereof; the carbonization furnace is placed on the outside of the rotary kiln to perform external heating of the rotary kiln; the middle layer heating assembly is placed in the rotary kiln, including at least one central heating pipe, and both ends of the central heating pipe are respectively provided with through pipes that pass through the rotary kiln and are connected to the carbonization furnace; the inner layer heating assembly is placed in the rotary kiln, including a plurality of auxiliary heating pipes parallel to the central heating pipe, and both ends of the auxiliary heating pipe are respectively welded to the central heating pipe and are connected to the central heating pipe. The present invention redesigns the internal structure of the external heating type pyrolysis rotary kiln, increases the heat transfer path and the heat conduction area through a three-layer heating structure, and can effectively improve the production capacity of the external heating type pyrolysis equipment.

[0008] However, although the above prior art uses a gas cabinet and a tar pool to collect tar and other organic liquids in the flue gas, the internal flue gas flow rate is relatively fast due to the induced draft fan, and the flue gas still contains a high content of tar, wood vinegar and other liquid components;

[0009] Even if the combustible components after flue gas treatment are collected in the vertical furnace and burned and supplied to the waste heat boiler, the required calorific value cannot be achieved. Utility Model Content

[0010] Technical problem: The technical problem to be solved by this application is to pass part of the untreated heavy flue gas in the carbonization process of wood biomass into the incinerator to provide a higher calorific value supply and provide more sufficient heat for the backup waste heat boiler, and secondly to increase the flue gas multiple flue gas treatment equipment to fully separate the tar, wood vinegar and other components in the flue gas.

[0011] A biomass carbonization kiln comprises a combustion chamber, a carbonization furnace and an incinerator which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a flue gas treatment device is arranged between the carbonization furnace and the incinerator, and the end of the carbonization furnace is connected to the incinerator through a supplementary combustion pipe. The supplementary combustion pipe introduces the heavy combustible flue gas generated at the tail of the carbonization furnace into the incinerator through an adjustable induced draft fan, which can provide more sufficient calorific value for the incinerator.

[0012] Furthermore, the flue gas treatment equipment includes at least one dust removal equipment and at least one condensation equipment connected in sequence, the dust removal equipment is used to screen out larger particle size dust and carbon in the flue gas, and the condensation equipment is used to condense tar and wood vinegar in the flue gas.

[0013] Furthermore, a first induced draft fan is provided between the condensing device and the incinerator. After being processed by the dust removal device and the condensing device, the main component of the flue gas is wood gas, and the flue gas rich in wood gas is introduced into the incinerator through the first induced draft fan for incineration treatment to heat the subsequent waste heat boiler.

[0014] Furthermore, a second induced draft fan is provided on the supplementary combustion pipe, and the air volume of the second induced draft fan is adjustable.

[0015] Furthermore, the incinerator is connected to the waste heat boiler to provide the required heat for the waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is connected to the third induced draft fan to discharge the flue gas after the incineration treatment to the next section for desulfurization treatment.

[0016] Furthermore, the kiln includes a combustion chamber, a carbonization furnace, a dust collector, a condenser, a first fan, an incinerator, a waste heat boiler, and a third induced draft fan which are connected in sequence in a straight line.

[0017] Furthermore, the kiln can also be set to a U shape (also called a ring shape), with the combustion chamber connected to the end of the incinerator, and a gate plate is provided at the connection; through the opening and closing of the gate plate, the incinerator can provide a certain internal heat source for the carbonization furnace.

[0018] The other side of the combustion chamber is connected to the end of the carbonization furnace, the front end of the carbonization furnace is connected to the feed bin, and one side of the feed bin is connected to the dust collector and the condenser in sequence;

[0019] The condenser is connected to the front end of the incinerator through a pipeline, and a first induced draft fan is installed on the pipeline between the condenser and the incinerator. The feed bin is used for biomass feeding. At the same time, when the flue gas produced at the end of the carbonization furnace enters the feed bin, heavy dust is not separated and discharged. The flue gas flowing through the feed bin is treated by a multi-stage dust collector, a multi-stage condenser and an electric tar collector, and then introduced into the incinerator through the first induced draft fan to form a closed loop.

[0020] Furthermore, one side of the feed bin is connected to the front end of the incinerator with a supplementary combustion pipe, and a second induced draft fan is arranged on the supplementary combustion pipe. A smoke hole is provided on one side of the feed bin to connect the supplementary combustion pipe to the incinerator, so as to provide the incinerator with a combustion medium with the required calorific value.

[0021] Furthermore, a waste heat boiler is connected to the end of the incinerator, and a third induced draft fan is arranged at the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0023] The present application effectively improves the calorific value supply of the incinerator by introducing part of the untreated heavy flue gas generated during the carbonization process into the incinerator. This not only provides a higher thermal energy utilization efficiency, but also provides more sufficient heat for the backup waste heat boiler, ensuring the maximization of the overall thermal utilization of the system.

[0024] The flue gas treatment equipment, including dust removal equipment and condensation equipment, is set up to fully separate the tar, wood vinegar and large dust particles in the flue gas through multi-stage treatment. In this way, the discharged flue gas is cleaner, reducing the pollution to the environment, and the extracted by-products (such as wood vinegar and tar) can be further utilized to increase economic benefits.

[0025] By arranging a second induced draft fan on the supplementary combustion pipe with adjustable air volume, the amount of heavy combustible flue gas introduced into the incinerator can be controlled, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the combustion process in the incinerator, thereby further improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0026] The incinerator is connected to the waste heat boiler, which can make full use of the heat generated during the incineration process to provide thermal energy support for subsequent processes. This design not only improves energy utilization, but also reduces overall energy consumption.

[0027] The kiln can be set in either a straight line or a U-shape (ring). This flexible layout design enables the equipment to adapt to different sites and process requirements, increasing the flexibility and convenience of application.

[0028] In the design, one side of the feed bin is connected to a multi-stage dust collector, a multi-stage condenser and an electric tar collector, and the treated flue gas is introduced into the incinerator through the first induced draft fan in the system, achieving efficient closed-loop treatment. This not only improves the environmental performance of the overall system, but also ensures the continuity and stability of the production process.

[0029] Through reasonable system design and equipment configuration, this application realizes multiple recovery and utilization of thermal energy, maximizes energy utilization efficiency, significantly reduces the pollutant content in flue gas emissions, and improves overall environmental performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 It is an overall schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present utility model.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Combustion chamber; 2. Carbonization furnace; 3. Dust collector; 4. Condenser; 5. First induced draft fan; 6. Incinerator; 7. Waste heat boiler; 8. Third induced draft fan; 9. Feed bin; 10. Supplementary combustion pipe; 11. Second induced draft fan; 12. Gate;

[0033] The arrows on the carbonization furnace represent the feeding and discharging of materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] The straight-line layout of the biomass carbonization kiln consists of a combustion chamber 1, a carbonization furnace 2, a dust collector 3, a condenser 4, a first induced draft fan 5, an incinerator 6, a waste heat boiler 7 and a third induced draft fan 8. First, the combustion chamber 1, as the starting point of the system, is mainly used for initial fuel combustion to provide the initial heat required by the system. The combustion chamber 1 is connected to the front end of the carbonization furnace 2, which is the core equipment of the system. In this embodiment, a rotary carbonization furnace is used for pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass. The biomass is pyrolyzed in the carbonization furnace 2, and the generated smoke is discharged from the end of the carbonization furnace 2.

[0036] The end of the carbonization furnace 2 is connected to the feed bin 9, and the first outlet of the feed bin 9 is connected to the dust collector 3. The dust collector 3 is used to remove dust and carbon particles with larger particle sizes in the flue gas, and mechanical dust removal, electrostatic dust removal and other technologies may be used. After the flue gas passes through the dust collector 3, large particles are removed and then enter the condenser 4. The condenser 4 is used to condense the tar and wood vinegar in the flue gas, and a cooling pipe and a condensation system are provided inside. Tar and wood vinegar are condensed out of the flue gas passing through the condenser 4. At the same time, those skilled in the art can add multi-stage dust removal and condensation on this basis to improve the dust removal and condensation effects, and can also add an electric tar collector to make the tar separation more thorough.

[0037] The second outlet of the feed bin 9 is connected to the afterburning pipe 10, which is used to introduce the heavy combustible flue gas generated by the carbonization furnace 2 into the incinerator 6 to provide additional combustion heat value. The afterburning pipe 10 is provided with a second induced draft fan 11, the air volume of which is adjustable to ensure that the heavy flue gas can be introduced into the incinerator 6 in an appropriate amount to enhance the combustion effect.

[0038] The first induced draft fan 5 is installed after the condenser 4. The first induced draft fan 5 is used to control and adjust the flow of flue gas to ensure that the flue gas smoothly enters the incinerator 6. The incinerator 6 is used to burn the treated flue gas to generate high-temperature heat. The incinerator 6 is provided with a combustion area and a smoke exhaust system, which are connected after the condenser 4 and the first induced draft fan 5. The treated flue gas enters the incinerator 6, where it is burned to generate high-temperature flue gas.

[0039] The outlet of the incinerator 6 is connected to the waste heat boiler 7. The waste heat boiler 7 is used to recover the heat generated by the incinerator 6 to generate steam or hot water. A heat exchange system is provided inside the waste heat boiler 7, which is connected to the outlet of the incinerator 6. The high-temperature flue gas after incineration enters the waste heat boiler 7, the heat is recovered, and the flue gas is further cooled. The third induced draft fan 8 is installed at the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 7. The third induced draft fan 8 is used to discharge the flue gas treated by the waste heat boiler 7 to ensure the smooth flow of the flue gas in the system. The flue gas of the waste heat boiler 7 is discharged through the third induced draft fan 8 and enters the next section for desulfurization treatment.

[0040] Embodiment 2:

[0041] In the U-shaped biomass carbonization kiln, the kiln system includes a combustion chamber 1, a feed bin 9, a carbonization furnace 2, a dust collector 3, a condenser 4, a first induced draft fan 5, an incinerator 6, a waste heat boiler 7, a third induced draft fan 8, a supplementary combustion pipe 10 and a gate 12.

[0042] The combustion chamber 1 is located at the starting point of one side of the U-shape, and is mainly used for initial fuel combustion to provide initial heat for the system. The combustion chamber 1 is connected to one end of the carbonization furnace 2 where materials are discharged, that is, the front end of the carbonization furnace 2. The feed bin 9 is used to transport biomass raw materials and is connected to the end of the carbonization furnace 2. The biomass is fed into the carbonization furnace 2 through the feed bin 9, and a first flue gas hole is also provided on one side of the feed bin 9 to connect the supplementary combustion pipe 10. The supplementary combustion pipe 10 is used to introduce the heavy combustible flue gas generated by the carbonization furnace 2 into the incinerator 6 to provide additional combustion heat value. The supplementary combustion pipe 10 is provided with a second induced draft fan 11 with an adjustable air volume to ensure that the heavy flue gas can be introduced into the incinerator 6 in an appropriate amount to enhance the combustion effect.

[0043] The carbonization furnace 2 is provided with a heating zone and a pyrolysis zone for pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass. The biomass is pyrolyzed in the carbonization furnace 2, and the generated smoke is discharged from the end of the carbonization furnace 2, and when passing through the feed bin 9, the heavy dust is settled and discharged.

[0044] The second flue gas hole of the feed bin 9 is connected to the dust collector 3. The dust collector 3 is used to remove dust and carbon particles with larger particle sizes in the flue gas, and may use mechanical dust removal, electrostatic dust removal and other technologies. The flue gas treated by the dust collector 3 enters the condenser 4. The condenser 4 is used to condense tar and wood vinegar in the flue gas, and a cooling system is provided inside. Tar and wood vinegar are condensed out of the flue gas passing through the condenser 4.

[0045] A first induced draft fan 5 is installed between the condenser 4 and the incinerator 6. The first induced draft fan 5 is used to control and adjust the flow of flue gas to ensure that the flue gas enters the incinerator 6 smoothly. The incinerator 6 is located on the other side of the U-shape, and a combustion area and a smoke exhaust system are provided inside to burn the treated flue gas and generate high-temperature heat. The treated flue gas enters the incinerator 6 through the first induced draft fan 5, where it is burned to generate high-temperature flue gas.

[0046] The outlet of the incinerator 6 is connected to the waste heat boiler 7. The waste heat boiler 7 is used to recover the heat generated by the incinerator 6 to generate steam or hot water. A heat exchange system is provided inside the waste heat boiler 7, which is connected to the outlet of the incinerator 6. The high-temperature flue gas after incineration enters the waste heat boiler 7, the heat is recovered, and the flue gas is further cooled. The third induced draft fan 8 is installed at the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 7. The third induced draft fan 8 is used to discharge the flue gas treated by the waste heat boiler 7 to ensure the smooth flow of the flue gas in the system. The flue gas of the waste heat boiler 7 is discharged through the third induced draft fan 8 and enters the next section for desulfurization treatment.

[0047] In addition, a gate plate 12 is provided in the U-shaped connection design and installed between the combustion chamber 1 and the end of the incinerator 6. The gate plate 12 is used to control the heat flow between the incinerator 6 and the carbonization furnace 2. By controlling the opening and closing of the gate plate 12, the incinerator 6 can provide an internal heat source for the carbonization furnace 2. This design not only improves the thermal efficiency of the system, but also increases the flexibility and adaptability of the system. Through such an optimized design, the U-shaped biomass carbonization kiln not only achieves efficient biomass pyrolysis and carbonization, but also maximizes the thermal energy utilization rate and environmental protection performance.

Claims

1. A biomass carbonization kiln, comprising a combustion chamber (1), a carbonization furnace (2) and an incinerator (6) which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, characterized in that: A flue gas treatment device is provided between the carbonization furnace (2) and the incineration furnace (6), and the end of the carbonization furnace (2) is connected to the incineration furnace (6) via a supplementary combustion pipe (10).

2. A biomass carbonization kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment equipment includes at least one dust removal equipment and at least one condensation equipment connected in sequence, wherein the dust removal equipment is used to screen out dust and carbon with larger particle sizes in the flue gas, and the condensation equipment is used to condense tar and wood vinegar in the flue gas.

3. A biomass carbonization kiln as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A first induced draft fan (5) is provided between the condensing device and the incinerator (6).

4. A biomass carbonization kiln as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The afterburning pipe (10) is provided with a second induced draft fan (11).

5. A biomass carbonization kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The incinerator (6) is connected to a waste heat boiler (7), and the waste heat boiler (7) is connected to a third induced draft fan (8).

6. A biomass carbonization kiln as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: It comprises a combustion chamber (1), a carbonization furnace (2), a dust collector (3), a condenser (4), a first fan, an incinerator (6), a waste heat boiler (7), and a third induced draft fan (8) which are connected in sequence.

7. A biomass carbonization kiln as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (1) is connected to the end of the incinerator (6), and a gate plate (12) is provided at the connection; The other side of the combustion chamber (1) is connected to the end of the carbonization furnace (2), the front end of the carbonization furnace (2) is connected to the feed bin (9), and one side of the feed bin (9) is connected in sequence to the dust collector (3) and the condenser (4); The condenser (4) is connected to the front end of the incinerator (6) through a pipeline, and a first induced draft fan (5) is provided on the pipeline between the condenser (4) and the incinerator (6).

8. A biomass carbonization kiln as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: One side of the feed bin (9) is connected to a supplementary combustion pipe (10) to the front end of the incinerator (6), and a second induced draft fan (11) is provided on the supplementary combustion pipe (10).

9. A biomass carbonization kiln as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The end of the incinerator (6) is also connected to a waste heat boiler (7), and a third induced draft fan (8) is provided at the flue gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (7).

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