Maize harvester capable of harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn

Abstract

The utility model discloses a corn harvester capable of harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn. The corn harvester comprises an ear picking device, a lifting device, a peeling device, a storage device and a conveying device. The conveying device is selectively installed above the peeling device and connected between the lifting device and the storage device. During working, the ear picking device is used for picking corn, and the lifting device is used for receiving the corn picked by the ear picking device. When the conveying device is installed, the corn output by the lifting device enters the storage device through the conveying device and does not pass through the peeling device any more, so that the corn passes through the peeling process, and therefore, fresh corn with peels can be harvested. After the conveying device is detached, the corn output by the lifting device is transferred to the peeling device and then enters the storage device, and therefore the corn peeling device can be used for harvesting mature corn needing to be peeled. According to the corn harvester capable of harvesting the mature corn and the fresh corn, the corn can be selectively peeled or not peeled, and then the effect of harvesting the mature corn and the fresh corn is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the rapid expansion of fresh corn planting area, the previous manual harvesting method is difficult and slow, and can no longer meet market demand. Since fresh corn has a short growth period and matures quickly, if it cannot be harvested in time, the sales price will be greatly reduced.

[0003] Although corn harvesters have gradually become popular in the market, the current corn harvesters are all designed for picking, peeling, and recycling mature corn ears, and are not suitable for harvesting fresh corn that does not require peeling.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problem that the current corn harvester can only harvest mature corn that needs to be peeled has become a technical problem that technicians in this field urgently need to solve. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the utility model provides a corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn, aiming to solve the problem that the corn harvester provided in the related art can only obtain mature corn that needs to be peeled.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corns, comprising an ear picking device, a lifting device, a peeling device and a storage device which are connected in sequence, and a conveying device. The conveying device is detachably arranged above the peeling device and connected between the lifting device and the storage device, and the receiving end of the conveying device is located between the output end of the lifting device and the receiving end of the peeling device.

[0008] The corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn provided by the utility model also includes a debris blowing device and a debris sucking device, the air outlet of the debris blowing device is arranged below the conveying device, and the air outlet is toward the conveying device, and the air suction port of the debris sucking device is arranged above the conveying device, and the air suction port is toward the conveying device.

[0009] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn provided by the utility model, the conveying device includes a frame, a driving shaft, a driven shaft and a conveyor belt, one of the driving shaft and the driven shaft is arranged on a side of the frame close to the lifting device, and the other is arranged on a side of the frame close to the storage device, the conveyor belt is tensioned between the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the driving shaft is drivingly connected to the driving shaft of the peeling device.

[0010] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corns provided by the utility model, an adjustment mechanism is provided between at least one of the driving shaft and the driven shaft and the frame, and the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the driving shaft and the driven shaft.

[0011] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corns provided by the utility model, the conveying device also includes a material blocking assembly, which is arranged on the top of the frame and is provided with a corn channel extending along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

[0012] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn provided by the utility model, a mounting seat is provided on the frame, and the mounting seat is used to be connected to the peeling device.

[0013] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn provided by the utility model, the adjusting mechanism includes a slide groove, a slider, an adjusting hole and a locking bolt, the slide groove is arranged on the frame, the slider is slidably arranged in the slide groove, the driving shaft and / or the driven shaft are rotatably connected to the slider, the locking bolt passes through the slider and is connected to the adjusting hole, when the locking bolt is locked, the relative position of the slider and the slide groove is fixed, and when the locking bolt is loosened, the slider can slide along the slide groove, driving the driving shaft and the driven shaft to move in a direction close to or away from each other.

[0014] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn provided by the utility model, the material baffle assembly includes a pair of first baffles, and the first baffles are respectively arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt along the conveying direction.

[0015] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn provided by the utility model, a second baffle extending toward another first baffle is provided at one end of the first baffle close to the lifting device, and a channel for corn to pass through is provided between the second baffles on the two first baffles.

[0016] According to the corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn provided by the utility model, the conveying surface of the conveyor belt is provided with a pattern for increasing friction.

[0017] The utility model adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages:

[0018] The utility model discloses a corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn, comprising an ear picking device, a lifting device, a peeling device and a storage device connected in sequence. A conveying device is also provided above the peeling device, the conveying device is connected between the lifting device and the storage device, and the receiving end of the conveying device is located between the output end of the lifting device and the receiving end of the peeling device. When working, the ear picking device is used to pick corn on the corn stalk, and the lifting device is used to receive the corn picked by the ear picking device. When the conveying device is provided above the peeling device, since the conveying device is located above the peeling device, and the receiving end of the conveying device is located between the output end of the lifting device and the receiving end of the peeling device. Therefore, the corn output by the lifting device is transferred to the conveying device, and no longer passes through the peeling device, so that the corn skips the peeling process and directly enters the storage device, thereby obtaining fresh corn with skin. When the conveying device is removed from the top of the peeling device, the corn output by the lifting device passes through the peeling device and enters the storage device, thereby obtaining peeled mature corn. The utility model provides a corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corns. The utility model can harvest fresh corns with husks after the conveying device is installed, and can harvest mature corns with husks removed after the conveying device is removed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The accompanying drawings are only used for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiment and are not considered to be limiting of the present invention. The same reference numerals are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a front view of a corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corns provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 A top view of a conveying device provided by an embodiment of the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 3 A top view of a conveying device provided by an embodiment of the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a conveying device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a conveying device and a peeling device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustment mechanism provided in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0026] The marks in the figure are as follows:

[0027] 110: ear picking device; 120: lifting device; 130: peeling device; 140: storage device; 200: conveying device; 210: driving shaft; 220: driven shaft; 230: conveyor belt; 240: side plate; 251: slide groove; 252: slider; 253: adjustment hole; 254: locking bolt; 261: first baffle plate; 262: second baffle plate; 270: mounting seat; 300: impurity blowing device; 400: impurity suction device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the technical solution of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fix" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0033] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0034] The utility model provides a corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn, comprising an ear picking device 110, a lifting device 120, a peeling device 130 and a storage device 140 connected in sequence. A conveying device 200 can be optionally installed above the peeling device 130. After the conveying device 200 is installed, the conveying device 200 is connected between the lifting device 120 and the storage device 140, and the receiving end of the conveying device is located between the output end of the lifting device 120 and the receiving end of the peeling device 130. When working, the ear picking device 110 is used to pick corn from corn stalks, and the lifting device 120 is used to receive the corn picked by the ear picking device 110. Since the conveying device 200 is located above the peeling device 130, and the receiving end of the conveying device 200 is located between the output end of the lifting device 120 and the receiving end of the peeling device 130. Therefore, the corn outputted from the lifting device 120 is transferred to the conveying device 200 without passing through the peeling device 130, so that the corn skips the peeling process and directly enters the storage device 140, thereby obtaining fresh corn with skin.

[0035] When the conveying device 200 is removed, the corn conveyed by the lifting device 120 passes through the peeling device 130 and enters the storage device 140, so that peeled mature corn can be obtained.

[0036] The corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corns provided by the utility model can achieve the effect of harvesting fresh corns with husks after installing the conveying device 200, and can achieve the effect of harvesting mature corns with husks removed after removing the conveying device 200.

[0037] Next, combine Figure 1 to Figure 6 The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn provided by the embodiment of the utility model is described in detail.

[0038] In the prior art, a corn harvester includes a vehicle body and an ear picking device 110, a lifting device 120, a husking device 130 and a storage device 140 arranged on the vehicle body. The ear picking device 110 is arranged on the front side of the vehicle body, the storage device 140 is arranged on the rear side of the vehicle body, the husking device 130 is arranged on the top of the vehicle body, the lifting device 120 is arranged obliquely between the ear picking device 110 and the husking device 130, and the husking device 130 is located between the lifting device 120 and the storage device 140.

[0039] During operation, the vehicle body moves forward, and when passing through corn stalks, the ear picking device 110 separates the corn from the stalks, and the separated corn enters the peeling device 130 through the lifting device 120 for peeling, and the peeled corn enters the storage device 140 for temporary storage.

[0040] Corn harvesters in the prior art can only be used to harvest mature corn, and the corn is peeled during the harvesting process, while fresh corn does not need to be peeled during harvesting. However, when the existing corn harvesters are used to harvest fresh corn, the skin of the fresh corn will be peeled off. Obviously, the existing corn harvesters cannot harvest fresh corn.

[0041] To this end, an embodiment of the utility model provides a corn harvester that can harvest both mature and fresh corn. A conveying device 200 for harvesting fresh corn can be selectively installed on the corn harvester. The conveying device 200 can allow the fresh corn to skip the peeling step during the harvesting process and directly enter the storage device 140, so that the corn harvester can be used to harvest fresh corn.

[0042] Specifically, the conveying device 200 is arranged above the peeling device 130 , and the receiving end of the conveying device 200 is located between the output end of the lifting device 120 and the receiving end of the peeling device 130 , and the output end of the conveying device 200 is connected to the receiving end of the storage device 140 .

[0043] During the harvesting process, since the conveying device 200 is located above the peeling device 130, and the receiving end of the conveying device 200 is located between the output end of the lifting device 120 and the receiving end of the peeling device 130, the lifting device 120 conveys the fresh corn picked by the ear picking device 110 to the receiving end of the conveying device 200, so that the harvested corn no longer passes through the peeling device 130, skipping the peeling step, and the fresh corn with skin is directly conveyed to the storage device 140 through the conveying device 200.

[0044] When the conveying device 200 is not installed, the corn conveyed by the lifting device 120 will pass through the peeling device 130 before entering the storage device 140. The peeling device 130 peels the corn passing through and conveys it to the storage device 140 after peeling, so as to achieve the effect of peeling and harvesting mature corn.

[0045] In some embodiments of the utility model, the corn harvester further includes a dust blowing device 300 and a dust sucking device 400, wherein the air outlet of the dust blowing device 300 is arranged below the conveying device 200, and the air outlet faces the conveying device 200. The air suction port of the dust sucking device 400 is arranged above the conveying device 200, and the air suction port faces the conveying device 200.

[0046] Specifically, the impurity blowing device 300 may include a fan and an exhaust pipe, one end of the exhaust pipe is connected to the fan, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is an air outlet, which is arranged toward the conveying device 200. After the fan is started, air can be blown toward the conveying device 200 through the exhaust pipe to blow out the impurity leaves remaining when the corn passes through the conveying device 200.

[0047] The impurity suction device 400 may include a vacuum pump and an air suction pipe, one end of which is connected to the vacuum pump, and the other end of which is located above the conveying device 200, or located above both the conveying device 200 and the lifting device 120. When the vacuum pump is started, the impurity blowing device 300 can suck out the impurity leaves blown out of the conveying device 200 and the impurity leaves mixed in the lifting device 120.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the conveying device 200 includes a frame, a driving shaft 210 , a driven shaft 220 and a conveying belt 230 .

[0049] Specifically, the frame may include two side panels 240 and at least two support rods, the two side panels 240 are arranged in parallel, and the two support rods are arranged perpendicular to the side panels 240 between the two side panels 240, thereby forming the above-mentioned frame.

[0050] Axle holes are provided at positions of the two side plates 240 near the lifting device 120 and near the storage device 140. The two ends of the driving shaft 210 are connected to two opposite shaft holes on the two side plates 240 through bearings, and the two ends of the driven shaft 220 are also connected to the other two opposite shaft holes on the side plates 240 through bearings.

[0051] Rollers are provided on both the driving shaft 210 and the driven shaft 220, and the conveyor belt 230 is tensioned between the driving shaft 210 and the driven shaft 220 through the rollers. When the driving shaft 210 rotates, the driven shaft 220 is driven to rotate through the conveyor belt 230, and the conveyor belt 230 drives the corn thereon to move forward during the rotation process.

[0052] It should be noted that the power of the conveying device 200 comes from the driving shaft of the corn harvester's peeling device 130. Since the existing corn harvesters are all equipped with peeling devices 130, and the working speed of the peeling devices 130 is synchronized with that of the corn harvester, the driving shaft of the peeling device 130 is used to drive the driving shaft 210 of the conveying device 200 to operate synchronously, so that the conveying device 200 and the whole machine can work more coordinated.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, an adjustment mechanism is disposed between at least one of the driving shaft 210 and the driven shaft 220 and the frame, and the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the driving shaft 210 and the driven shaft 220 .

[0054] Specifically, an adjustment mechanism is provided between the driven shaft 220 and the frame body, and the adjustment mechanism may include a slide groove 251 , a slider 252 , an adjustment hole 253 and a locking bolt 254 .

[0055] The slide groove 251 is disposed on the frame, more specifically, on the side plate 240, and is used to connect the position of the driven shaft 220. The slide groove 251 extends along the length direction of the side plate 240. The slider 252 is slidably disposed in the slide groove 251. The slider 252 is provided with an axial hole, and a bearing is provided in the axial hole. The driven shaft 220 is rotatably connected to the slider 252 through the bearing, and the slider 252 is non-rotatably connected to the slide groove 251, so that the driven shaft 220 can rotate relative to the side plate 240.

[0056] The side plate 240 is also provided with an adjustment hole 253, which is a strip-shaped hole. The adjustment hole 253 extends along the length direction of the side plate 240, or in other words, the extension direction of the adjustment hole 253 is parallel to the extension direction of the slide 251. The locking bolt 254 can pass through the slider 252 and connect with the adjustment hole 253. When the locking bolt 254 is locked, the slider 252 and the side plate 240 can be fixed. When the locking bolt 254 is loosened, the locking bolt 254 can slide along the adjustment hole 253, and the slider 252 can slide along the slide 251, thereby changing the position of the driven shaft 220. Specifically, the driven shaft 220 can achieve the effect of approaching or moving away from the driving shaft 210 through the sliding of the slider 252, thereby achieving the effect of tightening or loosening the conveyor belt 230.

[0057] In some embodiments of the utility model, the corn harvester further includes a material blocking assembly, which is arranged on the top of the frame, and the material blocking assembly is provided with a corn channel extending along the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 230. When the conveyor belt 230 is running, the conveyor belt 230 drives the corn falling on the conveyor belt 230 to pass through the corn channel and enter the storage device 140. The material blocking assembly can prevent the corn from falling from the conveyor belt 230 during the conveying process.

[0058] Furthermore, the material baffle assembly includes two first baffles 261, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt 230 along the conveying direction. If the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 230 is set to front, the first baffles 261 are arranged on the left and right sides of the conveying direction to prevent corn from falling from the left and right sides during the conveying process.

[0059] The material baffle assembly further includes a second baffle 262 , which is disposed on a side of the first baffle 261 close to the lifting device 120 and extends toward the other first baffle 261 . The area between the two first baffles 261 is for corn to pass through.

[0060] Furthermore, the second baffle plate 262 also extends obliquely in a direction away from the lifting device 120 , and the two second baffle plates 262 form a bell-mouth mechanism, which can provide a guiding effect for the corn to enter the conveying device 200 .

[0061] In some embodiments of the utility model, a mounting seat 270 is further provided on the frame, more specifically, a mounting seat 270 is provided on the outer side of the side plate 240, and two mounting seats 270 can be respectively provided on the outer side of each side plate 240 along the front-back direction. The mounting seat 270 can be connected to the outer shell of the peeling device 130 by bolts. The detachable connection method of bolts is adopted to facilitate the disassembly of the conveying device 200. When the conveying device 200 is installed, the corn harvester can be used to harvest fresh corn that does not need to be peeled. When the conveying device 200 is removed, the corn harvester can be used to harvest mature corn that needs to be peeled.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, the conveyor belt 230 may be made of rubber, and a pattern may be embossed on the conveying surface of the conveyor belt 230 to increase the friction between the conveyor belt 230 and the corn.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A corn harvester for harvesting both mature and fresh corn, comprising an ear picking device (110), a lifting device (120), a husking device (130) and a storage device (140) connected in sequence, characterized in that: It also comprises a conveying device (200), the conveying device (200) being detachably arranged above the peeling device (130) and connected between the lifting device (120) and the storage device (140), the receiving end of the conveying device (200) being located between the output end of the lifting device (120) and the receiving end of the peeling device (130); The conveying device (200) comprises a frame, a driving shaft (210), a driven shaft (220) and a conveyor belt (230); one of the driving shaft (210) and the driven shaft (220) is arranged on a side of the frame close to the lifting device (120), and the other is arranged on a side of the frame close to the storage device (140); the conveyor belt (230) is tensioned between the driving shaft (210) and the driven shaft (220); and the driving shaft (210) is drivingly connected to a drive shaft of the peeling device (130).

2. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a debris blowing device (300) and a debris sucking device (400), wherein an air outlet of the debris blowing device (300) is arranged below the conveying device (200), and the air outlet faces the conveying device (200), and an air suction port of the debris sucking device (400) is arranged above the conveying device (200), and the air suction port faces the conveying device (200).

3. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: An adjustment mechanism is provided between at least one of the driving shaft (210) and the driven shaft (220) and the frame, and the adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the driving shaft (210) and the driven shaft (220).

4. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying device (200) further comprises a material blocking assembly, the material blocking assembly being arranged on the top of the frame, and the material blocking assembly being provided with a corn channel extending along the conveying direction of the conveying belt (230).

5. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting seat (270) is provided on the frame, and the mounting seat (270) is used to be connected to the peeling device (130).

6. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism comprises a slide groove (251), a slider (252), an adjustment hole (253) and a locking bolt (254); the slide groove (251) is arranged on the frame; the slider (252) is slidably arranged in the slide groove (251); the driving shaft (210) and / or the driven shaft (220) are rotatably connected to the slider (252); the locking bolt (254) passes through the slider (252) and is connected to the adjustment hole (253); when the locking bolt (254) is locked, the relative position of the slider (252) and the slide groove (251) is fixed; when the locking bolt (254) is loosened, the slider (252) can slide along the slide groove (251), driving the driving shaft (210) and the driven shaft (220) to move in a direction of approaching or moving away from each other.

7. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material blocking assembly comprises a pair of first baffles (261), wherein the first baffles (261) are respectively arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt (230) along the conveying direction.

8. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second baffle (262) is further provided at one end of the first baffle (261) close to the lifting device (120) and extends in a direction close to another first baffle (261), and a passage for corn to pass through is provided between the second baffles (262) on the two first baffles (261).

9. The corn harvester for harvesting both mature corn and fresh corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying surface of the conveyor belt (230) is provided with a pattern for increasing friction.

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