Wild animal protection system for large water conveyance canal in gobi desert area

Abstract

The utility model relates to a system for a water conveyance canal, in particular to a wild animal protection system for a large water conveyance canal in a gobi desert area. The system comprises a water conveyance channel, a road system is arranged along the channel embankment of the water conveyance channel, plant protection belts are arranged on the two sides of the water conveyance channel, and a channel crossing the water conveyance channel and the channel embankments on the two banks of the water conveyance channel is arranged between the plant protection belts on the two sides of the water conveyance channel so that wild animals can pass between the two banks of the water conveyance channel. Wild animal drinking pools are arranged on the plant protection belt corresponding to the two banks where the channel is located. The method can meet the needs of various types of animals in the gobi desert area for migration, foraging, breeding and other activities, can well connect the habitats of the wild animals on the two sides, is of great significance to protection of the wild animals in the gobi desert area, is not limited to communication of isolation habitats, protects the integrity and stability of an ecological system under a large pattern, and has a wide application prospect. And a human and nature harmonious regional ecological system is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a system for a water delivery channel, in particular to a wild animal protection system for a large water delivery channel in a Gobi desert area. Background Art

[0002] While creating huge economic and social benefits, the construction of large-scale water conservancy projects often has a significant impact on the environment around the project area, such as fragmentation of biological habitats, vegetation degradation, loss of species diversity, division and encroachment of wildlife habitats, and other ecological security issues, which will threaten species survival and affect regional ecological security.

[0003] At present, there are few studies on the impact of large-scale water channels on wildlife behavior in the Gobi Desert, and there is no wildlife protection system for large-scale water channels in the Gobi Desert. The only example of the relevant industry is to set up wildlife passages on fully enclosed Gobi Desert highways as an ecological protection measure. Considering that ecological disturbances will occur along the Gobi Desert highways, the surface cover will be stripped off, resulting in wind erosion and aeolian accumulation.

[0004] And it is impossible to effectively guide wild animals through water channels. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wildlife protection system for large water channels in Gobi desert areas, which aims to fill the gap in wildlife protection systems for large water channels in Gobi desert areas, effectively protect wildlife in Gobi desert areas, not limited to the connection of isolated habitats, but to protect the integrity and stability of the ecosystem in a large pattern, and build a regional ecosystem in harmony with man and nature.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, a wildlife protection system for a large water channel in a Gobi desert region is provided, which includes a water channel, a road system is arranged along the canal bank of the water channel, and plant protection belts are arranged on both sides of the water channel. The plant protection belts determine the plant species, interspecies configuration and planting density of the protection system according to different landform types;

[0007] A passage is provided between the plant protection belts on both sides of the water conveyance channel, crossing the water conveyance channel and the canal embankments on both sides thereof, so as to allow wild animals to pass between the two sides of the water conveyance channel;

[0008] Wild animal drinking pools are arranged on both sides of the passage on the plant protection belt;

[0009] Among them, the plant protection belt not only creates a vegetation protection system, but also provides a habitat for wild animals. In addition, under the guidance of the wild animal drinking pool, the willingness of wild animals to choose to pass through the water supply channel is increased.

[0010] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a canal inspection road is provided along the canal embankment on one side of the water conveyance canal, which is used for the passage of personnel and vehicles for canal inspection and maintenance;

[0011] A permanent accompanying road is arranged along the canal embankment on the other side of the water conveyance channel, which is used to provide a traffic channel to connect various areas.

[0012] As a further improvement of the technical solution, there is a 5-8m interval between the canal patrol road and the permanent accompanying road and the water supply channel, and the interval is used to set a grass planting belt of the same width.

[0013] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a green belt with a width of 10-15m is arranged on one side of the permanent accompanying road connecting the plant protection belt.

[0014] As a further improvement of the technical solution, 1.8m to 2.3m plastic-coated steel mesh guardrails are set on both sides of the entire water supply channel.

[0015] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a bridge body is arranged along the bank of the water conveyance channel, and a channel is formed by the bridge body to connect the two sides of the water conveyance channel;

[0016] The plastic-dipped steel mesh guardrails on both sides of the bridge body are removed, and the remaining plastic-dipped steel mesh guardrails are connected with the protective structure installed on the bridge body.

[0017] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the wildlife drinking pools are arranged in a denser manner the closer they are to the bridge body.

[0018] As a further improvement of the technical solution, a wildlife passage is provided along the canal bank of the water conveyance canal, and a passage is formed by the wildlife passage to connect the two sides of the water conveyance canal;

[0019] The plastic-dipped steel mesh guardrails on both sides of the wildlife passage are removed, and the remaining plastic-dipped steel mesh guardrails are connected with the protective structure set up on the wildlife passage.

[0020] As a further improvement of the technical solution, the bridge bodies are arranged at equal intervals along the embankment of the water conveyance channel.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the closer the channel embankment of the water conveyance channel is to the wildlife passage, the denser the bridges are arranged.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The large-scale water channel wildlife protection system in the Gobi desert area can meet the needs of various types of animals in the Gobi desert area for migration, foraging and reproduction, and can well connect the habitats of wild animals on both sides. It is of great significance to the protection of wildlife in the Gobi desert area, and is not limited to the connection of isolated habitats, but protects the integrity and stability of the ecosystem in a large pattern, and builds a regional ecosystem in harmony with man and nature.

[0024] Moreover, while creating a vegetation protection system, the plant protection belt provides a habitat for wild animals. In addition, under the guidance of wild animal drinking pools, it increases the willingness of wild animals to choose to pass through water channels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the ecological structure on the left side of the water delivery channel of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the right ecological structure of the water delivery channel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the bridge structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the channel structure of the present invention.

[0029] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0030] 100. Water transfer channel; 200. Canal patrol road; 300. Grass planting belt; 400. Permanent accompanying road; 500. Green belt; 600. Plant protection belt; 700. Plastic-coated steel plate mesh fence; 800. Wild animal drinking pool; 900. Wild animal passage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0033] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0034] In the nature reserves of ungulate wildlife, mammals such as the goitered gazelle have obvious seasonal migration habits, and long-distance water supply channels cause the native environment to be cut and divided, hindering the exchange of matter and energy between ecosystems, causing changes in the spatial pattern of wildlife habitats, and restricting the spread, migration and group establishment of species to varying degrees, changing the community structure and behavior patterns of wildlife.

[0035] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a wildlife protection system for large water channels in the Gobi Desert, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, firstly, the wildlife protection system improves the ecological environment based on the water channel 100, specifically adopting the "channel, forest, road" strip design concept. Figure 1 The ecological structure on the left side of the water conveyance channel 100 is shown. A 5-8m wide canal inspection road 200 is arranged on the left side of the canal bank of the water conveyance channel 100. It is mainly used for the passage of personnel and vehicles for inspecting and maintaining the channel to facilitate the management and maintenance of the channel. Figure 2The ecological structure on the right side of the water conveyance channel 100 is shown. A 10-15m wide permanent accompanying road 400 is arranged on the canal embankment on the right side of the water conveyance channel 100. The main purpose is to provide a convenient transportation channel to connect various areas so that people can reach their destination quickly and safely. A 10-15m wide green belt 500 is arranged on the right side of the permanent accompanying road 400; in addition, there is a 5-8m interval between the patrol road 200 and the permanent accompanying road 400 and the water conveyance channel 100. The interval is used to set a grass planting belt 300 of the same width, thereby forming a 35-54m wide strip in the desert to complete the comprehensive arrangement of channels, roads, forest belts and communication optical cables, forming a green corridor in the Gobi Desert, and thereby greatly improving the ecological environment in local areas in the desert (i.e. along the water conveyance channel 100).

[0036] In one embodiment, the water conveyance channel 100 uses grass grids to prevent sand from blowing in large quantities, and then creates a vegetation protection system with plant control as the main method, ultimately achieving: a plant protection belt 600 for auxiliary irrigation of 80 to 130 meters on each side of the channel line. The water source for irrigation comes from the water conveyance channel 100. The Gobi Desert within this range of about 160 to 260 meters is completely transformed, and the plant species, interspecies configuration and planting density of the appropriate protection system are determined according to different landform types.

[0037] Anti-drowning measures are set up in the water transfer channel 100. In the Gobi desert area where water resources are scarce, ungulate wild animals tend to be attracted to water and are likely to fall into the water transfer channel in search of water. The water transfer channel is 4.6m to 4.9m deep. To prevent wild animals from drowning, 1.8m to 2.3m plastic-coated steel mesh guardrails 700 are set up on both sides of the water transfer channel 100 in the Gobi desert area.

[0038] In addition, in order to facilitate the migration of wild animals and livestock on both sides of the water conveyance channel 100, several bridges are set up along the channel line, and the plastic-coated steel plate mesh guardrails 700 on both sides of the corresponding bridges are removed, and then the remaining plastic-coated steel plate mesh guardrails 700 are connected with the protective structure on the bridge (the protective structure on the bridge usually also adopts guardrails), and, see Figure 3 As shown, drinking pools 800 for wild animals are arranged on both sides of the bridge body. Preferably, the closer to the bridge body, the denser the drinking pools 800 for wild animals are arranged, so that more wild animals or livestock can gather on the two sides connected by the bridge body for drinking water, making it easier for wild animals or livestock to reach the other side through the bridge body.

[0039] During the specific implementation, taking the Northern Xinjiang Water Supply Project as an example, it is located on the eastern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in the Junggar Basin. It is arid and windy, with sandy landforms dominated by sand ridges and tree-like sand ridges. The climatic conditions are harsh, with hot summers and cold winters. The rainfall is scarce and the vegetation is sparse, consisting of super-xerophytic, xerophytic shrubs, small semi-shrubs and xerophytic annual and perennial herbs. The ecosystem structure is simple and the stability is poor.

[0040] Moreover, the Northern Xinjiang Water Supply Project is adjacent to the Karamay Mountain Ungulate Wildlife Nature Reserve, which is home to China's largest wild population of Przewalski's horses, more than 90% of China's Mongolian wild donkey population, and thousands of goitered gazelles, commonly known as yellow sheep. It is one of the most important wild ungulate nature reserves in China's northwest desert. Mammals such as goitered gazelles have obvious seasonal migration habits. The Northern Xinjiang Water Supply Project is 512.34 km long. The long-distance water supply channel has caused the original environment to be cut and split, hindering the exchange of matter and energy between ecosystems, causing changes in the spatial pattern of wildlife habitats, and restricting the spread, migration and construction of species to varying degrees. groups, changing the community structure and behavior patterns of wild animals; therefore, this implementation method arranges a bridge body every 10-15km along the canal line on average. The bridge bodies are divided into two types: concrete bridges and steel bridges. First, the bridge deck is paved: poplar boards are used for laying wooden boards, and a layer of non-woven fabric is laid on the bottom of the wooden boards. After the bridge deck is paved, about 50-60cm thick natural sand is filled on top of the steel bridge or concrete bridge. The soil comes from the original site and is returned to the surface layer of the channel. Appropriate materials such as grass are added, and warning signs are set up, as well as signs such as no horn, slow down, and pay attention to wild animals, to remind passing drivers and passengers not to disturb wild animals and to remind drivers to observe and avoid wild animals.

[0041] Furthermore, the arrangement of the wildlife drinking pool 800 is improved. The distribution of water sources is an important limiting factor affecting the distribution of desert ungulates. In order to facilitate the drinking of wildlife, a drinking pool 800 is set near the bridge body. The drinking pool 800 is set in the semi-filled and semi-dug section on the left and right banks of the channel, and the closer to the bridge body, the denser the arrangement of the wildlife drinking pool 800. The volume of the wildlife drinking pool 800 should generally not be less than 20 cubic meters. It is required to be sturdy, durable and leak-proof. The pool is preferably a rectangular pool with a depth of 1.0m and a side length of 5m×10m. The slope ratio is 1:4 to 1:6, preferably 1:5, suitable for wildlife drinking water. To prevent leakage, the pool bottom The pool and the slope are both anti-seepage with cast-in-place concrete slabs, and an anti-seepage plastic film is also provided at the bottom of the concrete slab, and a 30-40cm gravel cushion layer is laid on the upper part of the concrete slab. In order to improve the water supply guarantee rate and realize automated management of operating personnel, a self-priming pump is used, which automatically operates according to the water level signal given by the float switch set in the drinking pool, and draws water from the water source in the water transfer channel 100 to supplement the water volume of the 800 drinking pool for wild animals. The self-priming pump is powered by solar energy. Solar energy power supply does not require high-voltage equipment and is highly safe. Solar energy equipment is simple to use and more economical to maintain. The solar energy + battery energy storage method can ensure the reliability of power supply while also reducing interference from human activities.

[0042] Furthermore, the arrangement of wildlife passages 900 is to arrange wildlife passages 900 without fixed positions along the water channel 100. Similarly, the plastic-coated steel plate mesh fences 700 on both sides of the corresponding wildlife passages 900 are removed, and then the remaining plastic-coated steel plate mesh fences 700 are connected with the protective structure on the wildlife passages 900 (the protective structure on the wildlife passages 900 usually also adopts fences). The water source is the main destination of wildlife activities. A total of 6 wildlife passages 900 are set up along the water channel 100 of the Northern Xinjiang Water Supply Project. Among them, 4 wildlife passages 900 transform the local water supply open channel into a channel culvert structure to form an animal passage, and the passage is smoothly connected with the terrain on both sides; 2 wildlife passages 900 remove the plastic-coated steel plate mesh fences 700 on both sides of the permanent accompanying road 400 at the top of the main canal inverted siphon, forming an open and flat area with a width of not less than 200 meters to ensure the migration width of ungulate wildlife. The design of wildlife passages also takes the following measures:

[0043] Optimize the soil and vegetation, fill the newly built channel with about 50cm thick natural sand soil, the soil comes from the original site, and returns to the channel surface, and puts in appropriate materials such as grass;

[0044] Set up artificial water bodies and artificial water diversion points near the channel;

[0045] Set up warning signs, such as no horn, slow down, and watch out for wild animals, to remind passing drivers and passengers not to disturb wild animals and to observe and avoid wild animals.

[0046] The layout of the two wildlife passages 900 is improved from the four animal passages (i.e. gentle slope passages). The gentle slope passage is a type of passage that induces wild animals to cross the roadbed by modifying the roadbed and reducing the slope on both sides of the roadbed. The two wildlife passages 900 will remove the plastic-dipped steel mesh guardrails 700 on both sides of the permanent accompanying highway 400 at the top of the main canal inverted siphon, forming a relatively open and flat wildlife migration passage, supplemented by supporting measures.

[0047] It should be noted that, whether it is the passage formed by the bridge body or the wildlife passage 900, the slopes on both sides of the passage that affect the passage of wildlife will be filled with soil to reduce the slope between the passage and the plant protection belt 600, providing a path for wildlife to reach the passage from the plant protection belt 600, or from the passage to the plant protection belt 600. For details, see Figure 4 As shown, the channel and the platforms on both sides of the channel are set higher than the embankments on both sides of the water conveyance channel 100, thereby ensuring that wild animals can pass above the embankments, and the open and flat area is formed by the channel and the platforms on both sides of the channel.

[0048] In another embodiment, the closer the water transfer channel 100 is to the wildlife passage 900, the denser the bridges are arranged, so that the wildlife drinking pools 800 are densely distributed on both sides of the wildlife passage 900 by utilizing the arrangement of the bridges, thereby guiding the wildlife to pass through the wildlife passage 900 through the water transfer channel 100. This phenomenon is mainly because wild animals usually choose the safest and most convenient path, and places with water sources usually also mean vegetation and ecological environment, not to mention that the soil and vegetation on the wildlife passage 900 have been optimized, so it is relatively safer and more suitable for survival; in addition, the demand for water by wild animals is one of the basic survival needs, so the attractiveness of the water source will increase their willingness to choose to pass through the wildlife passage 900 through the water transfer channel 100.

[0049] At the same time, the bridge body and the wildlife passage 900 can share the passage pressure of wild animals with each other, and can also maximize the utilization of the wildlife passage 900.

[0050] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wildlife protection system for a large water channel in a Gobi desert area, comprising a water channel (100), wherein a road system is arranged along the bank of the water channel (100), characterized in that: Plant protection belts (600) are arranged on both sides of the water delivery channel (100), and the plant protection belts (600) determine the plant species, interspecies configuration and planting density of the protection system according to different landform types; A passage that crosses the water conveyance channel (100) and the embankments on both sides of the water conveyance channel (100) is provided between the plant protection belts (600) on both sides of the water conveyance channel (100) to allow wild animals to pass between the two sides of the water conveyance channel (100); Wild animal drinking pools (800) are arranged on both sides of the passage on the plant protection belt (600).

2. The Gobi Desert Large Water Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 1, characterized in that: A canal inspection road (200) is provided along the canal embankment on one side of the water conveyance canal (100), which is used for the passage of personnel and vehicles for canal inspection and maintenance; A permanent accompanying road (400) is arranged along the canal embankment on the other side of the water conveyance channel (100), and is used to provide a traffic channel to connect various areas.

3. The Gobi Desert Area Large Water Conveyance Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 2, characterized in that: There is a 5-8m interval between the canal inspection road (200) and the permanent accompanying road (400) and the water delivery channel (100), and this interval is used to set a grass planting belt (300) of the same width.

4. The Gobi Desert Area Large Water Conveyance Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A green belt (500) with a width of 10-15 m is arranged on one side of the permanent accompanying road (400) connected to the plant protection belt (600).

5. The Gobi Desert Area Large Water Conveyance Channel Wildlife Protection System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Both sides of the entire water delivery channel (100) are provided with 1.8m to 2.3m plastic-coated steel plate mesh guardrails (700).

6. The Gobi Desert Large Water Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bridge body is arranged along the bank of the water conveyance channel (100), and a channel is formed by the bridge body to connect the two banks of the water conveyance channel (100); The plastic-coated steel plate mesh guardrails (700) on both sides of the corresponding bridge body are removed, and the remaining plastic-coated steel plate mesh guardrails (700) are connected to the protective structure arranged on the bridge body.

7. The Gobi Desert Area Large Water Conveyance Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 6, characterized in that: The wildlife drinking pools (800) are arranged in a manner such that the closer they are to the bridge body, the denser they are.

8. The Gobi Desert Area Large Water Conveyance Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 7, characterized in that: A wildlife passage (900) is provided along the bank of the water conveyance channel (100), and a passage is formed by the wildlife passage (900) to connect the two banks of the water conveyance channel (100); The plastic-coated steel plate mesh guardrails (700) on both sides of the wildlife passage (900) are removed, and the remaining plastic-coated steel plate mesh guardrails (700) are connected to the protective structure provided on the wildlife passage (900).

9. The Gobi Desert Area Large Water Conveyance Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bridge bodies are arranged at equal intervals along the bank of the water conveyance channel (100).

10. The Gobi Desert Area Large Water Conveyance Channel Wildlife Protection System according to claim 8, characterized in that: The closer the channel bank of the water conveyance channel (100) is to the wildlife passage (900), the denser the arrangement of the bridges.

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