Quantum random number entropy source

Abstract

The utility model discloses a quantum random number entropy source. The quantum random number entropy source comprises a shell, a light source arranged in the shell, a beam splitter assembly, a balance detector, a signal processing circuit and a processor, the beam splitter assembly is used for splitting light emitted by the light source into a plurality of light beams; the balance detector detects the plurality of light beams through the plurality of detection terminals and converts optical signals detected by the plurality of detection terminals into a plurality of current signals; the signal processing circuit is used for processing the plurality of current signals to obtain a target current signal; and the processor is used for converting the target current signal into a random number. According to the quantum random number entropy source disclosed by the invention, a plurality of light beams split by a beam splitter assembly are detected through a balance detector to obtain a plurality of current signals; photons in the light beam are in a quantum vacuum state, so that the obtained multiple current signals also have quantum randomness; and processing the plurality of current signals to obtain a target current signal, thereby obtaining an unpredictable random number according to the target current signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum information science and technology, and in particular to a quantum random number entropy source. Background Art

[0002] Random numbers have become a core element in many fields, such as numerical calculation methods, lottery, quantum key management services, confidential communication systems and quantum communication systems. Pseudo-random number generators or classical random number generators that rely on deterministic algorithms or physical processes have been widely used. Quantum random number generators are currently the only random number generation technology that has been rigorously proven in theory to produce completely unpredictable random sequences that are close to ideal true randomness. However, current quantum random number generators have the disadvantages of complex structure and low portability, and the comprehensive cost of raw materials, time, and personnel for manufacturing quantum random number generators is high. Utility Model Content

[0003] The present application discloses a quantum random number entropy source. The quantum random number entropy source comprises: a housing, a light source, a beam splitter assembly, a balanced detector, a signal processing circuit and a processor arranged in the housing;

[0004] The beam splitter assembly is used to split the light emitted by the light source into multiple light beams;

[0005] The balanced detector detects the multiple light beams through multiple detection terminals, and converts the light signals detected by the multiple detection terminals into multiple current signals;

[0006] The signal processing circuit is used to process the multiple current signals to obtain a target current signal;

[0007] The processor is used to convert the target current signal into a random number.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the beam splitter assembly includes a beam splitter and a prism;

[0009] The beam splitter is used to split the light emitted by the light source into multiple light beams;

[0010] The prism is disposed on the optical paths of the plurality of light beams, and is used for refracting the plurality of light beams into the plurality of detection terminals respectively.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the beam splitter assembly further includes a lens disposed between the prism and the balanced detector, and configured to convert the light beam passing through the lens into a convergent light beam.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner, a first film and a second film are provided on the beam splitter; wherein the light from the light source can reach the first film;

[0013] The first film is used to split the light from the light source into a first light beam that passes through the first film and propagates to the prism, and a second light beam that is reflected by the first film to the second film;

[0014] The second film is used to reflect the second light beam to the prism.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the quantum random number entropy source further includes an aspheric lens disposed between the light source and the beam splitter assembly, for converting light from the light source and reaching the aspheric lens into a parallel light beam and propagating it to the beam splitter assembly.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the light source includes an LD chip configured to emit a light beam after being powered on.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the light source further includes an MPD chip for detecting the light source.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the quantum random number entropy source further includes a heat sink disposed on one side of the LD chip, and the heat sink is provided with prefabricated solder for placing the LD chip.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the processor includes a transimpedance amplifier, which is used to convert the target current signal into a voltage signal, so that the processor calculates a random number according to the voltage signal.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the quantum random number entropy source encapsulates the light source, the beam splitter assembly, the balanced detector, the signal processing circuit and the processor in the housing through an airtight packaging technology.

[0021] The quantum random number entropy source disclosed in the present application is achieved by arranging a light source, a beam splitter assembly, a balanced detector, a signal processing circuit and a processor inside a shell, and detecting photons in multiple light beams split by the beam splitter assembly through a balanced detector to obtain multiple current signals; wherein, since the measured light beam is in a quantum vacuum state, the quantum-photon characteristics of the light beam have quantum randomness, and the current signals generated by the multiple detection terminals will also show quantum randomness; then, these multiple current signals with quantum randomness are processed to obtain target current signals, so that unpredictable random numbers can be obtained based on the target current signals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 One of the structural schematic diagrams of a quantum random number entropy source provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 A second schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum random number entropy source provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a beam splitter assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 One of the views of a beam splitter assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a second view of a beam splitter assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The solution provided in this specification is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a concrete way.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the term "plurality" means two or more.

[0032] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. The terms "include", "comprises", "has" and their variations all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0033] With the rapid development of informatization, people are paying more and more attention to information security, and often introduce cryptography into information systems to ensure information security. The key, the core of cryptography to ensure information security, mainly relies on the unpredictability and non-repeatability of random numbers. However, most traditional random number generators are based on complex mathematical algorithms and classical physical processes. They are pseudo-random numbers, not true random numbers. Once a specific algorithm and seed value are given, the sequence output of the pseudo-random number will be determined, which will bring danger to the information system protected by cryptography and make the information system vulnerable to attack.

[0034] In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty of quantum physics makes the measurement results of quantum states truly random, so the quantum random number generator made by the basic principles of quantum mechanics has a high value of use. The quantum random number generator is currently the only random number generation technology that has been strictly proven in theory to generate completely unpredictable random sequences and is close to ideal true randomness.

[0035] Quantum random number generators have been widely used in the quantum communication industry and the information security industry, such as quantum key management services, secure communication systems, and quantum communication systems; in addition, quantum random number generators are often used in statistics to model and evaluate regular phenomena, such as value calculation methods and drawing lots.

[0036] However, the current quantum random number generators have disadvantages such as complex structure and low portability, and the comprehensive cost of raw materials, time, and personnel to manufacture quantum random number generators is high.

[0037] In response to the above problems, the present application proposes a quantum random number entropy source.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a quantum random number entropy source includes: a shell 1, and a light source 2, a beam splitter assembly 3, a balanced detector 4, a signal processing circuit and a processor arranged in the shell 1; the beam splitter assembly 3 is used to split the light emitted by the light source 2 into multiple light beams; the balanced detector 4 detects the multiple light beams through multiple detection terminals, and converts the light signals detected by the multiple detection terminals into multiple current signals; the signal processing circuit is used to process the multiple current signals to obtain the target current signal; the processor is used to convert the target current signal into a random number.

[0039] When all components that need to be arranged in the housing 1 are installed, the light source 2, the beam splitter assembly 3, the balanced detector 4, the signal processing circuit and the processor can be packaged in the housing 1 by using the airtight packaging technology.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 As shown, in order to quickly modulate the intensity of the light source 2, the light source 2 can use the LD chip 9 to generate a high-intensity, high-monochromaticity light beam. At the same time, the MPD chip 10 can be used to perform backlight detection and rapid response on the light source 2.

[0041] After reaching the beam splitter assembly 3, the light beam from the light source 2 is split into multiple light beams by the beam splitter assembly 3, and the multiple light beams are respectively propagated to multiple detection terminals of the balanced detector 4 to realize the detection of vacuum state quantum signals.

[0042] It should be noted that the multiple light beams obtained by the beam splitting mirror assembly 3 are averaged.

[0043] Further, see Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the beam splitter assembly 3 may include a beam splitter 5 and a prism 6. The beam splitter 5 is used to split the light from the light source 2 into multiple light beams; the prism 6 is used to refract the multiple light beams to multiple detection terminals of the detector. Exemplarily, the beam splitter 5 splits the light beam A1 from the light source 2 into a light beam A1.1 and a light beam A1.2 propagating in the same direction after the beam splitter 5 splits the light beam A1.1 and the light beam A1.2. After reaching the prism 6, the light beams A1.1 and A1.2 are refracted 90 degrees and propagate in the same direction. Figure 2 The light beam A1.1 propagates in the direction of the balanced detector 4, wherein the light beam A1.2 propagates to the detection terminal B2, and the light beams are detected by the detection terminals B1 and B2 of the balanced detector.

[0044] For more details, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the beam splitter 5 may be provided with a first film and a second film, wherein the first film is used to split the light from the light source 2 into a first light beam that passes through the first film and reaches the prism 6, and a second light beam that is reflected by the first film to the second film; and the second film is used to reflect the second light beam reflected by the first film to the prism 6. For example, the first film on the beam splitter 5 may be a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film, and the second film may be a fully-reflective film.

[0045] Exemplarily, the beam splitter 5 can be a right parallelepiped, wherein a rectangular first face of the right parallelepiped faces the light source 2, and a rectangular second face adjacent to the first face is coated with a first film; the light beam A1 from the light source 2 can pass through the first face and completely reach the second face coated with the first film; a part of the light beam A1 - the first light beam A1.1 passes through the first film and continues to propagate toward the prism 6; another part of the light beam A1 - the second light beam A1.2 is refracted 90° by the first film and propagates to a rectangular third face adjacent to the first face; the third face is coated with a second film, and the second film completely refracts the second light beam A1.2 90° to a direction parallel to the first light beam A1.1, and continues to propagate toward the prism 6.

[0046] Continue to refer to Figure 3 As shown, the beam splitter assembly 3 may also include a lens disposed between the beam splitter 5 and the prism 6 and capable of transmitting the light beam, and the lens is used to adjust the position of the prism 6. Figure 2 In the example, the position of the prism 6 can be adjusted by setting the length of the lens according to the refraction angle of the prism 6 and the position of the balanced detector 4, so that the light beam refracted by the prism 6 can enter the detection terminal of the balanced detector 4.

[0047] Reference Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, in order to ensure the transmission direction and stability of the light beam during the transmission process, the quantum random number entropy source also includes an aspheric lens 8 arranged between the light source 2 and the beam splitter assembly 3, which is used to convert the light from the light source 2 and reaching the aspheric lens 8 into a parallel light beam and propagate it to the beam splitter assembly.

[0048] The multiple detection terminals of the balanced detector 4 have equal response characteristics. After the multiple detection terminals receive their corresponding light beams, the multiple detection terminals generate corresponding multiple current signals according to the optical signals transmitted by the received light beams. Each detection terminal of the balancer can be a single photodiode or an array composed of multiple photodiodes, and each photodiode can convert the optical signal transmitted by the incident light into a current signal.

[0049] In quantum physics, the measured light beam is in a quantum vacuum state, and the properties of the photons, such as position and direction, are quantum random, so the current signals generated by multiple detection terminals will also show quantum randomness.

[0050] The signal processing circuit processes the multiple current signals generated by the multiple detection terminals at the circuit nodes of the signal processing circuit to obtain the target current signal. For example, the multiple current signals can be subtracted at the circuit nodes to obtain a difference signal, which is the target current signal; in the process of subtracting the multiple current signals, the common noise in the multiple current signals can be eliminated, and the extraction of random signals can be enhanced. It should be noted that the signal processing circuit can also add the multiple current signals, or adopt other similar or more complex processing methods to obtain the target current signal.

[0051] The processor may generate a random number based on the target current signal.

[0052] For example, the processor can ensure that the effective random signal in the target current signal can be extracted by performing operations such as signal shaping, noise elimination, nonlinear correction, and deviation correction on the target current signal; then, the processor can select an appropriate random number extraction algorithm to extract random numbers from the data, such as: waveform analysis, statistical analysis, chaos control algorithm, etc.

[0053] For example, the processor can use an entropy-based statistical analysis method to extract random numbers: first, the processor performs entropy calculation on the target current signal and obtains a threshold value based on the calculated entropy value; then, the target current signal is converted into a digital signal and extracted based on the entropy value; finally, a random number sequence with randomness is obtained based on the random number source.

[0054] Furthermore, in some embodiments, in order to facilitate the subsequent processing of the target current signal, the processor may include a transimpedance amplifier for amplifying the target current signal into a voltage signal of a suitable range for processing. The transimpedance amplifier includes an operational amplifier and a feedback resistor. When the target current signal passes through the feedback resistor, a voltage signal is generated, and the generated voltage signal is amplified and output by the operational amplifier. At the same time, the amplification factor of the transimpedance amplifier can be changed by adjusting the value of the feedback resistor, thereby enhancing the amplitude of the target current signal so that it can be accurately processed later.

[0055] Please continue to refer to Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the quantum random number entropy source also includes a heat sink 11 arranged on one side of the LD chip 9, and the heat sink is provided with prefabricated solder for placing the LD chip 9.

[0056] Reference Figure 1As shown, in one possible manner, the balanced detector 4, the data processing circuit, and the processor are integrated on a printed circuit board (PCB) 12, and the various components are electrically connected and communicated to realize data collection, processing, and random number generation. In addition, the balanced detector 4, the data processing circuit, and the processor can also be connected by other means such as a flexible cable.

[0057] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A quantum random number entropy source, characterized in that: include: A housing (1), a light source (2), a beam splitter assembly (3), a balanced detector (4), a signal processing circuit and a processor arranged in the housing (1); The beam splitter assembly (3) is used to split the light emitted by the light source (2) into multiple light beams; The balanced detector (4) detects the multiple light beams through multiple detection terminals, and converts the light signals detected by the multiple detection terminals into multiple current signals; The signal processing circuit is used to process the multiple current signals to obtain a target current signal; The processor is used to convert the target current signal into a random number.

2. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beam splitter assembly (3) comprises a beam splitter (5) and a prism (6); The beam splitter (5) is used to split the light emitted by the light source (2) into multiple light beams; The prism (6) is arranged on the optical paths of the multiple light beams and is used for refracting the multiple light beams into the multiple detection terminals respectively.

3. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 2, characterized in that: The beam splitter assembly (3) further comprises a lens (7) arranged between the prism (6) and the balanced detector (4), and used for converting the light beam passing through the lens (7) into a convergent light beam.

4. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 2, characterized in that: The beam splitter (5) is provided with a first film and a second film; wherein the light from the light source (2) can all reach the first film; The first film is used to split the light from the light source (2) into a first light beam that passes through the first film and propagates to the prism (6) and a second light beam that is reflected by the first film to the second film; The second film is used to reflect the second light beam to the prism (6).

5. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum random number entropy source also includes an aspheric lens (8) arranged between the light source (2) and the beam splitter assembly (3), which is used to convert light from the light source (2) and reaching the aspheric lens (8) into a parallel light beam and propagate it to the beam splitter assembly (3).

6. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source (2) comprises an LD chip (9) for emitting a light beam after being powered on.

7. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 6, characterized in that: The light source (2) further comprises an MPD chip (10) for detecting the backlight of the LD chip (9).

8. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 6, characterized in that: The quantum random number entropy source further comprises a heat sink (11) arranged on one side of the LD chip (9), and prefabricated solder for placing the LD chip (9) is provided on the heat sink (11).

9. The quantum random number entropy source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processor includes a transimpedance amplifier, which is used to convert the target current signal into a voltage signal, so that the processor calculates a random number according to the voltage signal.

10. The quantum random number entropy source according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The quantum random number entropy source uses an airtight packaging technology to encapsulate the light source (2), the beam splitter assembly (3), the balanced detector (4), the signal processing circuit and the processor in the housing (1).

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