Solar cell module and solar cell

Abstract

The utility model provides a solar cell module and a solar cell. The solar cell module comprises a substrate and at least two cell units which are electrically connected with each other. The battery unit is arranged on one side of the substrate, and the battery unit comprises a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer which are sequentially stacked in the direction away from the substrate; the battery unit further comprises a first groove, a second groove and a third groove, the first groove penetrates through the first electrode layer, the second groove penetrates through the functional layer, and the third groove at least penetrates through the second electrode layer. Wherein in the first direction, the orthographic projection of at least one of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove on the substrate comprises a bending section. The first direction is perpendicular to a direction perpendicular to the substrate. The photoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell assembly and a solar cell. Background Art

[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a vital role in the progress of the electronics industry. As a new type of semiconductor, perovskite has many advantages such as long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, adjustable band gap, and large absorption coefficient. Compared with traditional organic and inorganic semiconductors, perovskite preparation process is simple and low cost, which has great advantages in the semiconductor field. Up to now, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and T95 has exceeded thousands of hours. In addition, it has been studied and applied in light-emitting diodes, detectors, lasers, etc. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite shows great potential.

[0003] In the development of perovskite photovoltaic solar cells, how to improve the reliability of perovskite photovoltaic solar cells has always been a research direction in perovskite photovoltaic solar cell technology. Utility Model Content

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell assembly and a solar cell, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, characterized in that it comprises: a substrate; at least two battery cells electrically connected to each other, arranged on one side of the substrate, the battery cell comprising a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence along a direction away from the substrate; the battery cell further comprises a first groove, a second groove and a third groove, the first groove passes through the first electrode layer, the second groove passes through the functional layer, and the third groove at least passes through the second electrode layer; wherein, along the first direction, the orthographic projection of at least one of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove on the substrate includes a bending section, and the first direction is perpendicular to the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0006] In some embodiments, along the first direction, at least one of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove includes at least one of a plurality of continuously arranged bending segments, a single bending segment, or a plurality of spaced bending segments in an orthographic projection of the substrate.

[0007] In some embodiments, the minimum spacing between any two of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove is equal.

[0008] In some embodiments, the minimum spacing between the first groove and the second groove is the first spacing, the minimum spacing between the second groove and the third groove is the second spacing, and the first spacing and the second spacing have the same value.

[0009] In some embodiments, along the first direction, any two of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove of any two battery cells have the same orthographic projection shape on the substrate.

[0010] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the minimum spacing between any first grooves of two adjacent battery cells is equal; and / or, along the first direction, the minimum spacing between any second grooves of two adjacent battery cells is equal; and / or, along the first direction, the minimum spacing between any third grooves of two adjacent battery cells is equal.

[0011] In some embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove on the substrate extend along a first direction; along the first direction, the bending sections of the orthographic projections of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove on the substrate are staggered.

[0012] In some embodiments, along the first direction, an orthographic projection of any one of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove on the substrate includes a straight line segment interconnected with the bending segment.

[0013] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the straight line segments include two, and the bending segment is located between the two straight line segments.

[0014] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the orthographic projection shape of the bending segment on the substrate is one or more combinations of a fold line, a wave, and a sawtooth.

[0015] In some embodiments, the orthographic projection of the second groove on the substrate is located between the orthographic projection of the first groove on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the third groove on the substrate; along the direction away from the substrate, the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, an active layer and a second transmission layer stacked in sequence; the second electrode layer of the battery cell extends to the side wall of the functional layer in the second groove and is electrically connected to the first electrode layer in the next-level battery cell, and part of the first transmission layer fills the first groove.

[0016] In some embodiments, the third groove runs through the second electrode layer and the functional layer, the orthographic projection of the second groove on the substrate includes a bending segment, and the orthographic projection of the third groove on the substrate includes a bending segment.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes a solar cell assembly according to any of the above embodiments.

[0018] The embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly and a solar cell, wherein the solar cell assembly includes a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell includes a first electrode layer, a functional layer, and a second electrode layer. The projection of at least one of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove on the substrate includes a bending section, so that the corresponding film layer has a similar fold line structure in the first direction, thereby having tensile ductility, so that when the solar cell assembly is bent, the film layer with the fold line structure is stretched and extended in the first direction to reduce the risk of film layer fracture, thereby improving the bending performance of the solar cell assembly and improving the reliability of the solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove in a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application on a substrate;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of an orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove, and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Marking Description:

[0038] 10. Substrate;

[0039] 20. Battery cell; 21. First electrode layer; 22. Functional layer; 221. First transmission layer; 222. Active layer; 223. Second transmission layer; 23. Second electrode layer;

[0040] 30. Straight line segment;

[0041] 40; bending section; 41, first bending section; 411, first bending angle; 412, second bending angle; 42, second bending section;

[0042] P1, first groove; P2, second groove; P3, third groove;

[0043] L1, effective area; L2, dead area;

[0044] X, first direction; Y, second direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only intended to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can be implemented without the need for some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present application by illustrating the examples of the present application.

[0046] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "include..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0047] With the development of photovoltaic cell technology, thin-film photovoltaic cells have become a new type of photovoltaic device to alleviate the energy crisis. Thin-film solar cells are flexible and can be made into non-planar structures, which makes them have a wide range of applications. They can be combined with buildings or become part of the building. They are now used in flexible products such as automotive photovoltaics and wearable electronics, and have broad application prospects. Among them, thin-film batteries based on organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide (perovskite) materials have received great attention in the field of photovoltaic solar cells in recent years. In just over a decade, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of single-cell perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has exceeded 26% from 3.8%, approaching that of single-crystal silicon solar cells.

[0048] However, solar cells have continuous large-area units inside. When applied to flexible scenarios, bending and deformation may lead to damage to the functional structure, resulting in reduced efficiency or even failure.

[0049] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove in a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application on a substrate. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove in a solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present application on a substrate.

[0050] In view of this, first of all, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes a substrate 10 and at least two battery cells 20 electrically connected to each other. The battery cell 20 is arranged on one side of the substrate 10. The battery cell 20 includes a first electrode layer 21, a functional layer 22, and a second electrode layer 23 stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate 10. The battery cell 20 also includes a first groove P1, a second groove P2, and a third groove P3, the first groove P1 penetrates the first electrode layer 21, the second groove P2 penetrates the functional layer 22, and the third groove P3 penetrates at least the second electrode layer 23, Figure 2 The third groove P3 penetrates the second electrode layer 23 and the functional layer 22. In the first direction X, the orthographic projection of at least one of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 includes a bending section 40. The first direction X is perpendicular to the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0051] For example, the substrate 10 may be a substrate 10 formed of glass or other light-transmitting materials, and light from the side of the substrate 10 away from the battery cell 20 may pass through the substrate 10 and irradiate the first electrode layer 21. Optionally, the material of the substrate 10 may also include a flexible material to improve the flexibility of the substrate 10.

[0052] Specifically, a solar cell is composed of a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 can be arranged side by side in a single direction or arranged in an array in multiple directions. The battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that functions as a solar cell that can extract electricity. The battery cell 20 has one or more pairs of electrodes that output electricity. Optionally, the battery cell 20 can be prepared by exposure and development, or direct screen printing, inkjet printing, etc.

[0053] Exemplarily, the first electrode layer 21 may be a TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) transparent electrode. The material of the second electrode layer 23 includes conductive metals such as Au and Ag, and may also be a TCO electrode such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) and FTO (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide) or a carbon electrode.

[0054] Exemplarily, the material of the second electrode layer 23 includes conductive oxides or conductive metals or conductive carbon-based materials. Conductive oxides and conductive metals have good conductivity, and conductive carbon-based materials have low cost. For example, conductive metals include Au, Ag, Cu, etc. and alloys thereof. Conductive oxides include TCO.

[0055] Optionally, the functional layer 22 includes a first transmission layer 221 , an active layer 222 , and a second transmission layer 223 which are stacked in sequence.

[0056] In these optional embodiments, one of the first transport layer 221 and the second transport layer 223 is a hole transport layer, and the other is an electron transport layer. For example, the active layer 222 is a perovskite active layer, and the active layer 222 is used to convert incident light into electric charge. When the active layer 222 converts incident light into electric charge, electrons and holes are generated, and the hole transport layer is used to transport holes generated by absorbing photons in the functional layer 22; at the same time, the hole transport layer can also block electrons in the active layer 222 to reduce the recombination of holes and electrons. The electron transport layer is used to transport electrons generated by absorbing photons in the active layer 222, and at the same time, the electron transport layer can also block holes in the active layer 222 to reduce the recombination of holes and electrons. In this article, holes and electrons are collectively referred to as carriers.

[0057] The first transmission layer 221 and the second transmission layer 223 in the functional layer 22 both transmit carriers, and the carriers move in a direction from the first electrode layer 21 toward the second electrode layer 23 or from the second electrode layer 23 toward the first electrode layer 21 , that is, vertical movement.

[0058] When the solar cell is exposed to sunlight, the active layer 222 absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs. Due to the difference in exciton binding energy of the active layer 222 materials, these carriers either become free carriers or form excitons. Moreover, because these active layer 222 materials, such as perovskite materials, often have a lower carrier recombination probability and a higher carrier mobility, the diffusion distance and life of the carriers are longer. Then, these unrecombined electrons and holes are collected by the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, respectively, that is, electrons are transmitted from the active layer 222 to the electron transport layer, and finally absorbed by the first electrode layer 21 or the second electrode layer 23; holes are transmitted from the active layer 222 to the hole transport layer, and finally collected by the first electrode layer 21 or the second electrode layer 23; photocurrent is realized by connecting the first electrode layer 21 with the circuit of the first electrode layer 21.

[0059] Optionally, the first transport layer 221 is a hole transport layer, and the material of the first transport layer 221 includes nickel oxide (NiO x ), polymers of 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) or polytriarylamine (PTAA).

[0060] Optionally, the second transport layer 223 is an electron transport layer, and the material of the second transport layer 223 includes carbon 60 fullerene (C60), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) or tin oxide (SnO2).

[0061] Optionally, the functional layer 22 also includes a passivation layer and an auxiliary functional layer. The passivation layer or the auxiliary functional layer is arranged between the second electrode layer 23 and the second transport layer 223. For example, the passivation layer or the auxiliary functional layer includes a BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) layer, which can improve the electron transmission efficiency and photovoltaic performance of the solar cell.

[0062] Optionally, the material of the active layer 222 includes an inorganic perovskite, such as one or more of CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, CsPbIBr2, CsPbBr3, and CsSnI3, or an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, such as one or more of FAPbI3, MAPbI3, FAPbBr3, and MAPbBr3, or a multi-system organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, such as Cs 0.05 FA 0.9 MA 0.05 Pb(I 0.95 Br 0.05 )3. Cs 0.05 FA 0.95 One or more of PbI3.

[0063] The plurality of battery cells 20 are obtained by laser etching, which generally includes four etchings, namely the first etching, the second etching, the third etching and the fourth etching, which are dispersed in the preparation process of the entire solar cell module. Figure 2 As shown, a bottom electrode layer is prepared on the substrate 10, and then a first etching is performed to separate the bottom electrode layer to obtain the first electrode layer 21 of multiple battery cells 20. The blank portion generated by the first etching is called the first groove P1 and marked as P1. After the first etching is completed, a functional layer 22 is prepared, and then a second etching is performed. The second etching is to cut the functional layer 22 by a laser scribing process, the purpose of which is to expose the first electrode layer 21, provide a channel for connecting the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 23 of two adjacent battery cells 20, and separate the functional layers 22 of two adjacent battery cells 20. The blank portion generated by the second etching is called the second groove P2 and marked as P2. After the second etching is completed, a top electrode layer is prepared on the top, and then a third etching is performed. The third etching is to separate the top electrode layer or remove part of the functional film layer while separating the top electrode layer, and the second electrode layer 23 of each battery cell 20 is formed after the top electrode layer is separated. The second electrode layer 23 of the battery cell 20 is obtained by removing part of the functional layer 22 and separating the top electrode layer. The blank portion produced by the third etching is called the third groove P3 and marked as P3. The first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 23 are connected in series through the second electrode layer 23 filled in the second groove P2. The fourth etching is laser edge cleaning, which means using laser technology to remove the deposited film layer at the edge of the battery. In addition, the third etching can also only etch the top electrode layer to form the second electrode layer 23 of the battery cell 20 without etching the functional layer 22. Etching the functional layer 22 can reduce the conduction of horizontal line current.

[0064] Optionally, the battery cells 20 may be arranged side by side along a single direction, and the first direction X of the battery cells 20 may be a length direction of the battery cells.

[0065] In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 is formed only by the bending segment 40. Further, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 is formed by multiple bending segments 40. The bending shape of each bending segment 40 is different. In other examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 also includes other shapes.

[0066] In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10 is formed only by the bending segment 40. Further, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10 is formed by multiple bending segments 40. The bending shape of each bending segment 40 is different. In other examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10 also includes other shapes.

[0067] In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 is formed only by the bending segment 40. Further, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 is formed by multiple bending segments 40. The bending shape of each bending segment 40 is different. In other examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 also includes other shapes.

[0068] In some examples, such as Figure 3 As shown, the orthographic projection of one of the first groove P1, the second groove P2, and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 includes a bending section 40. In other examples, the orthographic projection of two of the first groove P1, the second groove P2, and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 includes a bending section 40. In other examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, the orthographic projections of the first groove P1 , the second groove P2 , and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 all include a bending section 40 .

[0069] It can be understood that, taking the example that the positive projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 includes the bending section 40, the bending section 40 is a part or the whole of the projection shape of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10, and the first groove P1 itself is a groove structure with a bending track.

[0070] The embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, wherein the solar cell assembly includes a plurality of battery cells 20, and each battery cell 20 includes a first electrode layer 21, a functional layer 22, and a second electrode layer 23. The projection of at least one of the first groove P1, the second groove P2, and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 includes a bending section 40, so that the corresponding film layer has a similar fold line structure in the first direction X, thereby having tensile ductility, so that when the solar cell assembly is bent, the film layer with the fold line structure is stretched and extended in the first direction X to reduce the risk of film layer fracture, thereby improving the bending performance of the solar cell assembly and improving the reliability of the solar cell.

[0071] In some other embodiments, the solar cell assembly includes a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 can be electrically connected in series or in parallel. The following is an example of a plurality of battery cells 20 connected in series. At least one of the first groove P1, the second groove P2, and the third groove P3 in the solar cell assembly composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 includes a bending section 40, which is beneficial to improving the flexibility and anti-bending performance of the large-area solar cell and improving the reliability of the large-area solar cell.

[0072] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 The bending section 40 in the embodiment is a single bending section, Figure 4 The figure may be a complete orthographic projection diagram of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 in the solar cell assembly on the substrate, or may be a partial orthographic projection diagram of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove in the solar cell assembly on the substrate.

[0073] In some optional embodiments, along the first direction, at least one of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 includes at least one of a plurality of continuously arranged bending segments 40 or a single bending segment 40 or a plurality of spaced bending segments 40 in the orthographic projection of the substrate.

[0074] Optionally, a plurality of continuously arranged bending segments 40 may be the first bending segment 41, and a single bending segment 40 may be the second bending segment 42. Figure 1 As shown, along the first direction X, the bending section 40 includes a plurality of continuously arranged bending sections, or, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, along the first direction X, the bending section 40 includes a single bending section 40 to increase the optional range of tensile extensibility of the battery unit 20, thereby improving the use range of the solar cell assembly.

[0075] The plurality of continuously arranged bending segments 40 may be in a continuous reciprocating bending shape, such as a plurality of connected arcs or a plurality of connected fold lines.

[0076] The single bending segment 40 may be in a bending shape, for example, an arc shape.

[0077] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0078] In some optional embodiments, Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the minimum spacing between any two of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 is equal at any point.

[0079] Optionally, the minimum spacing between the first groove P1 and the second groove P2 is equal at any position. For example, the bending section 40 is a plurality of connected arcs, and the minimum spacing between each arc in the first groove P1 and each arc in the second groove P2 is equal.

[0080] Optionally, the minimum spacing between the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 at any position is equal. For example, the bending section 40 is a plurality of connected arcs, and the minimum spacing between each arc in the second groove P2 and each arc in the third groove P3 is equal.

[0081] Optionally, the minimum spacing between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 at any position is equal. For example, the bending section 40 is a plurality of connected arcs, and the minimum spacing between each arc in the first groove P1 and each arc in the third groove P3 is equal.

[0082] Alternatively, if Figure 5 As shown, the minimum distance between the first groove P1 and the second groove P2 at any position is not equal to the minimum distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 at any position.

[0083] In some optional embodiments, the above-mentioned configuration is helpful to reduce the spacing between the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3, thereby reducing the dead zone L2 area of ​​the battery cell 20, improving the geometric filling factor of the battery cell 20, and further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery cell 20 per unit area.

[0084] It should be noted that the effective area L1 of the next-level battery cell 20 is from the edge of the third groove P3 of the previous-level battery cell 20 close to the next-level battery cell 20 to the edge of the first groove P1 of the next-level battery cell 20 close to the previous-level battery cell 20, and the dead area L2 of the next-level battery cell 20 is from the edge of the first groove P1 of the next-level battery cell 20 close to the previous-level battery cell 20 to the edge of the third groove P3 of the next-level battery cell 20 far from the next-level battery cell 20. The dead area L2 does not participate in the photoelectric conversion of the battery cell 20. Figure 6 As shown, L1 is the effective area L1, and L2 is the dead area L2. The light irradiated to the effective area L1 can realize photoelectric conversion and generate electrical energy; the light irradiated to the dead area L2 cannot realize photoelectric conversion and cannot generate electrical energy. It can be understood that any two battery cells 20 connected in series are connected in series by being electrically connected to the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 23. Specifically, the second electrode layer 23 of the upper-level battery cell 20 is electrically connected to the first electrode layer 21 of the lower-level battery cell 20. Therefore, in any two battery cells 20 connected in series, the battery cell 20 where the second electrode layer 23 that is electrically connected in series is located is the upper-level battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 where the first electrode layer 21 that is electrically connected in series is located is the lower-level battery cell 20.

[0085] In some optional embodiments, Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the minimum distance between the first groove P1 and the second groove P2 is the first distance, the minimum distance between the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 is the second distance, and the first distance and the second distance have the same value.

[0086] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10 is located between the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 .

[0087] Taking the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 as an example, the minimum spacing between the bending section 40 and the second groove P2 in the first groove P1 is the first spacing, and the minimum spacing between the bending section 40 and the third groove P3 in the second groove P2 is the second spacing. The first spacing and the second spacing have the same value, which can shorten the spacing between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, which is beneficial to further reduce the dead zone L2 area of ​​the battery cell 20 and improve the conversion efficiency of the battery cell 20. Optionally, the first groove P1 and the second groove P2 are set in translational symmetry, and the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 are set in translational symmetry. It can be understood that the translational symmetry setting is that the figure of the first groove P1 at the position of the second groove P2 after translational transformation is congruent with the figure of the first groove P1, and the shape, size and all relative distances between the first groove P1 and the second groove P2 are the same.

[0088] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0089] In some optional embodiments, Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, along the first direction X, any two of the first groove P1 , the second groove P2 , and the third groove P3 of any two battery cells 20 have the same orthographic projection shape on the substrate 10 .

[0090] For example, Figure 8As shown, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection shapes of the first grooves P1 of two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 are the same. Optionally, the first grooves P1 of the two adjacent battery cells 20 each include a first bending section 41, the first bending section 41 includes a first bending angle 411 and a second bending angle 412, the first bending angle 411 is located on the side of the second bending angle 412 close to the effective area L1, and the first bending sections 41 of the two first grooves P1 have the same shape, wherein the first bending angle 411 of the first bending section 41 of one first groove P1 and the second bending angle 412 of the first bending section 41 of the other first groove P1 are arranged relatively along the second direction Y. The second direction Y can be the width direction of the battery cell. Optionally, the second direction Y is arranged perpendicular to the first direction X. Optionally, the shape arrangement scheme of the two second grooves P2 and the shape arrangement scheme of the two third grooves P3 in the two adjacent battery cells 20 can be the same as the shape arrangement scheme of the two first grooves P1.

[0091] For example, Figure 7 As shown, the first bending section 41 includes a first bending angle 411 and a second bending angle 412, the first bending angle 411 is located on the side of the second bending angle 412 close to the effective area L1, the first bending sections 41 of the two first grooves P1 have the same shape, the first bending angle 411 of the first bending section 41 of one first groove P1 and the first bending angle 411 of the first bending section 41 of the other first groove P1 are arranged relatively along the second direction Y, and the second bending angle 412 of the first bending section 41 of one first groove P1 and the second bending angle 412 of the first bending section 41 of the other first groove P1 are arranged relatively along the second direction Y. Optionally, the shape arrangement scheme of the two second grooves P2 and the shape arrangement scheme of the two third grooves P3 in two adjacent battery cells 20 may be different from the shape arrangement scheme of the two first grooves P1.

[0092] In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection shapes of the first grooves P1 of two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 are the same. In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection shapes of the second grooves P2 of two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 are the same. Along the first direction X, the orthographic projection shapes of the third grooves P3 of two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 are the same. In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection shapes of the first grooves P1 of one of the two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection shapes of the second grooves P2 of the other battery cell 20 on the substrate 10 are the same. In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection shapes of the first grooves P1 of one of the two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection shapes of the third grooves P3 of the other battery cell 20 on the substrate 10 are the same. In some examples, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 of one of the two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the third groove P3 of the other of the two adjacent battery cells 20 on the substrate 10 have the same shape.

[0093] In these optional embodiments, the edges of both sides of the battery cell are cut using the same cutting process during the manufacturing process to form different film layers, so as to reduce the difficulty of manufacturing and improve production efficiency.

[0094] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0095] In other examples, such as Fig. 9 As shown, any two of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 have the same orthographic projection shape on the substrate 10, and both include a first bending section 41, and the first bending section 41 includes a first bending angle 411 and a second bending angle 412, and the first bending angle 411 of any two of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 and the second bending angle 412 of the other are arranged oppositely along the second direction Y. For example, as Fig. 9 As shown, the first bending angle 411 of the first groove P1 and the second bending angle 412 of the third groove P3 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction Y. Alternatively, the first bending angle 411 of any two of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 and the first bending angle 411 of the other are arranged offset along the second direction Y. For example, Fig. 9 As shown, the first bending angle 411 of the first groove P1 and the second bending angle 412 of the second groove P2 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction Y.

[0096] In some optional embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, along the first direction X, the minimum spacing between any first grooves P1 of two adjacent battery cells 20 is equal; and / or, along the first direction X, the minimum spacing between any second grooves P2 of two adjacent battery cells 20 is equal; and / or, along the first direction X, the minimum spacing between any third grooves P3 of two adjacent battery cells 20 is equal.

[0097] In some examples, such as Figure 7 As shown, the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 is composed of the first bending section 41. The first bending section 41 includes a first bending angle 411 and a second bending angle 412, the first bending angle 411 is located on the side of the second bending angle 412 close to the effective area L1, and the first bending angle 411 in the first groove P1 of one of the two adjacent battery cells 20 and the first bending angle in the first groove P1 of the other battery cell 20 are arranged relatively along the second direction Y. Optionally, the shape arrangement scheme of the two second grooves P2 and the shape arrangement scheme of the two third grooves P3 in the two adjacent battery cells 20 can be the same as the shape arrangement scheme of the two first grooves P1.

[0098] In some examples, such as Figure 7 As shown, the second groove P2 in each battery cell 20 is located between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, and the minimum spacing between the first groove P1 and the second groove P2 at any position is equal to the minimum spacing between the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 at any position. On this basis, the two first grooves P1 between two adjacent battery cells 20 can be arranged in translational symmetry, the two second grooves P2 can be arranged in translational symmetry, and the two third grooves P3 can be arranged in translational symmetry.

[0099] In these optional embodiments, it is helpful to reduce the difficulty of the manufacturing process while making the shapes of the multiple battery cells 20 the same, so as to reduce the possibility of differentiation in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the multiple battery cells 20 and improve the reliability of the battery cells 20.

[0100] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0101] In some optional embodiments, the orthographic projections of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 on the substrate extend along the first direction. Along the first direction, the bending sections of the orthographic projections of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 on the substrate are misaligned.

[0102] Optionally, the battery cell 20 may further include a height direction, wherein the height direction, the first direction and the second direction are arranged perpendicularly to each other, and the height direction is perpendicular to the substrate 10. A plane perpendicular to the substrate 10 may be a plane defined by the height direction and the first direction.

[0103] Along the first direction, the bending sections of the orthographic projections of the first groove P1, the second groove P2, and the third groove P3 on the substrate are misaligned, and the "misalignment" here means that the bending section of the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate and the bending section of the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate have at least a portion of their structures not overlapping in the second direction. For example, the bending section of the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate and the bending section of the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate have a portion of their structures not overlapping in the second direction. Alternatively, the bending section of the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate and the bending section of the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate have no structures overlapping in the second direction.

[0104] like Figures 10 to 12 As shown, optionally, the bending section of the first groove P1 and the bending section of the second groove P2 are staggered in the orthographic projection of the same plane perpendicular to the substrate 10. Of course, they can also be partially overlapped.

[0105] Optionally, the bending section of the first groove P1 and the bending section of the third groove P3 are staggered in the orthographic projection of the same plane perpendicular to the substrate 10. Of course, they can also be partially overlapped.

[0106] Optionally, the bending section of the second groove P2 and the bending section of the third groove P3 are staggered in the orthographic projection of the same plane perpendicular to the substrate 10. Of course, they can also be partially overlapped.

[0107] In some other examples, the orthographic projections of the bending segment 40 of the first groove P1 , the bending segment 40 of the second groove P2 , and the bending segment 40 of the third groove P3 on the same plane perpendicular to the substrate 10 are all staggered.

[0108] In these optional embodiments, the above-mentioned configuration is helpful to specifically improve the tensile elongation required by different film layers, so that different film layers can be arranged with bending sections in areas where their own bending resistance is weak, thereby improving the overall bending resistance of the solar cell module.

[0109] In some optional embodiments, Fig.11 and Fig.12As shown, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection of any one of the first groove P1 , the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 includes a straight line segment 30 interconnected with the bending segment 40 .

[0110] Exemplarily, the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 includes a connected straight segment 30 and a bent segment 40, and the number of the straight segment 30 and the number of the bent segment 40 can both be one. Of course, the number of the straight segment 30 and the number of the bent segment 40 can both be multiple. For example, multiple straight segments 30 and multiple bent segments 40 are alternately arranged. Optionally, the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 can also include connected straight segments 30 and bent segments 40.

[0111] In these optional embodiments, bending segments 40 can be set in areas with poor bending performance according to design requirements to improve the bending performance of the corresponding areas, and straight line segments 30 can be set in areas with good bending performance to reduce process difficulty and balance the overall bending performance of the film layer.

[0112] In some optional embodiments, Figures 10 to 12 As shown, along the first direction X, the straight line segments 30 include two, and the bending segment 40 is located between the two straight line segments 30 .

[0113] Optionally, the bending section 40 is arranged in the middle area of ​​the battery cell 20, and the straight section 30 is arranged in the two end areas of the battery cell 20 along the first direction X. Since the middle area usually deforms before the end areas when the solar cell undergoes flexible deformation, the film layer in the middle area is easily damaged or even broken. Setting the bending section 40 in the middle area can improve the bending performance of the film layer in the middle area, and setting the straight section 30 in the end area can improve the positioning accuracy of the battery cell 20 during cutting.

[0114] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.15 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0115] In some optional embodiments, Fig. 9 , Figures 13 to 16As shown, along the first direction X, the orthographic projection shape of the bending segment on the substrate 10 is one or more combinations of a broken line, a wave, and a sawtooth shape, so as to simplify the cutting shape of each film layer in the battery cell 20 and improve the manufacturing yield.

[0116] Optionally, the orthographic projection shape of the bending section in the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 may be only one of a fold line, a wave, and a sawtooth. Of course, it may also be a combination of several shapes. For example, Fig. 9 As shown, the bend section in the first groove P1 may be sawtooth-shaped when projected on the substrate 10. Fig.13 As shown, the bend section in the first groove P1 may be in the shape of a broken line when projected on the substrate 10. Fig.14 As shown, the bend section in the first groove P1 may be wavy in shape when projected on the substrate 10. Fig.16 As shown, the orthographic projections of the bending sections in the first groove P1 , the second groove P2 , and the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 may be a combination of a fold line, a wave, and a sawtooth shape.

[0117] Alternatively, if Fig.13 , Fig.14 as well as Fig.16 As shown, in a battery cell 20, the orthographic projection shape of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10 is the same as the orthographic projection shape of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10. The orthographic projection shape of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 is the same as the orthographic projection shape of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10. Of course, in a battery cell 20, the orthographic projection shape of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10, the orthographic projection shape of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10, and the orthographic projection shape of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 are all different. Fig.15 As shown, the bending section 40 in the first groove P1 may be in a folded line shape when projected orthographically on the substrate 10. The bending section 40 in the second groove P2 may be in a wavy shape when projected orthographically on the substrate 10. The bending section 40 in the third groove P3 may be in a sawtooth shape when projected orthographically on the substrate 10.

[0118] In some optional embodiments, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10 is located between the orthographic projection of the first groove P1 on the substrate 10 and the orthographic projection of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10. In the direction away from the substrate 10, the functional layer 22 includes a first transmission layer 221, an active layer 222, and a second transmission layer 223 stacked in sequence. The second electrode layer 23 of the battery cell 20 extends to the side wall of the functional layer 22 in the second groove P2 and is electrically connected to the first electrode layer 21 in the next level battery cell 20, and part of the first transmission layer 221 is filled in the first groove P1.

[0119] Optionally, after the first groove P1 is prepared, the first transmission layer 221 , the active layer 222 and the second transmission layer 223 are prepared in sequence, and part of the first transmission layer 221 can be filled in the first groove P1 .

[0120] Optionally, the second groove P2 penetrates the first transmission layer 221, the active layer 222 and the first transmission layer 221. During the preparation of the battery cell 20, after the second groove P2 is prepared, a top electrode layer is prepared on the active layer 222. The top electrode layer is penetrated by the third groove P3 to form a second electrode layer 23. During the preparation of the top electrode layer, a portion of the top electrode layer extends into the second groove P2, and the top electrode layer entering the second groove P2 is electrically connected to the first electrode layer 21 of the next-level battery cell 20. In some examples, the top electrode layer fills the second groove P2. In other examples, the top electrode layer extends along the inner wall of the second groove P2 and is electrically connected to the first electrode layer 21. After the top electrode layer extends into the second groove P2, a gap is formed between the surface of the top electrode layer facing away from the inner wall of the second groove P2. Optionally, the gap can be filled with packaging material. Optionally, the third groove P3 can be filled with packaging material.

[0121] In these optional embodiments, the above-mentioned configuration is helpful to connect the upper-level battery cells 20 and the lower-level battery cells 20 in series, so as to simplify the electrical connection method between the upper-level battery cells 20 and the lower-level battery cells 20 and improve production efficiency.

[0122] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of a first groove, a second groove and a third groove on a substrate in another solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0123] In some optional embodiments, Fig.17 As shown, the third groove P3 penetrates the second electrode layer 23 and the functional layer 22 , the orthographic projection of the second groove P2 on the substrate 10 includes a bending section 40 , and the orthographic projection of the third groove P3 on the substrate 10 includes a bending section 40 .

[0124] The second groove P2 and the third groove P3 both penetrate the multi-layer film layer, so that the depth of the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 is greater than the depth of the first groove P1. The embodiment of the present application is beneficial to enhancing the bending performance of multiple film layers by providing the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 with a bending section 40. In the second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes a solar cell assembly of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application includes the solar cell assembly of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application has the beneficial effects of the solar cell assembly of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0125] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the replacement of other connection methods described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: substrate; At least two mutually electrically connected battery cells are arranged on one side of the substrate, the battery cell comprising a first electrode layer, a functional layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence in a direction away from the substrate; the battery cell further comprises a first groove, a second groove and a third groove, the first groove penetrates the first electrode layer, the second groove penetrates the functional layer, and the third groove penetrates at least the second electrode layer; Wherein, along a first direction, at least one of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove includes a bending segment in an orthographic projection on the substrate, and the first direction is perpendicular to a direction perpendicular to the substrate.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the first direction, at least one of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove includes at least one of a plurality of continuously arranged bending segments, a single bending segment or a plurality of spaced-apart bending segments in its orthographic projection on the substrate.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The minimum spacing between any two of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove is equal at any point.

4. The solar cell assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The minimum distance between the first groove and the second groove is a first distance, the minimum distance between the second groove and the third groove is a second distance, and the first distance and the second distance have the same value.

5. The solar cell assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: Along the first direction, any two of the first grooves, the second grooves, and the third grooves of any two of the battery cells have the same orthographic projection shape on the substrate.

6. The solar cell assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that: Along the first direction, the minimum spacing between the first grooves of two adjacent battery cells at any position is equal; and / or, Along the first direction, the minimum spacing between the second grooves of two adjacent battery cells at any position is equal; and / or, Along the first direction, the minimum spacing between the third grooves of two adjacent battery cells at any position is equal.

7. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthographic projections of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove on the substrate extend along the first direction; along the first direction, the bending sections of the orthographic projections of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove on the substrate are staggered.

8. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the first direction, the orthographic projection of any one of the first groove, the second groove and the third groove on the substrate includes a straight line segment interconnected with the bending segment.

9. The solar cell assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: Along the first direction, the straight line segments include two, and the bending segment is located between the two straight line segments.

10. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the first direction, the orthographic projection shape of the bending segment on the substrate is one or more combinations of a fold line shape, a wave shape, and a sawtooth shape.

11. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the second groove on the substrate is located between the orthographic projection of the first groove on the substrate and the orthographic projection of the third groove on the substrate; Along the direction away from the substrate, the functional layer includes a first transmission layer, an active layer and a second transmission layer stacked in sequence; The second electrode layer of the battery cell extends to the side wall of the functional layer in the second groove and is electrically connected to the first electrode layer in the battery cell of the next level, and part of the first transmission layer is filled in the first groove.

12. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third groove penetrates the second electrode layer and the functional layer, the orthographic projection of the second groove on the substrate includes the bending section, and the orthographic projection of the third groove on the substrate includes the bending section.

13. A solar cell, characterized in that: A solar cell module comprising any one of claims 1 to 12.

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