Multifunctional optical experiment box

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multifunctional optical experiment box which is composed of an observation mechanism and a demonstration mechanism. The observation mechanism comprises a box-type structure shell, a light source box and a transparent acrylic plate, the top and the front side face of the paper box and the transparent acrylic plate are three observation areas, and a flashlight with an F-shaped clamping groove and detachable three-path parallel laser are placed in the light source box to serve as experiment light sources; the demonstration mechanism is installed at the bottom of the observation mechanism and comprises an experiment area and a storage area, and the experiment area is composed of an experiment track and a hand-drawn scale plate; the storage area is composed of an experimental device and a storage track; and the optical screen is placed on the inner side of the transparent acrylic plate. Various optical experiments or optical phenomena are simultaneously demonstrated by adopting a mode of integrating multiple functions, the teaching aid has multiple functions and is suitable for primary schools, junior middle schools and senior high schools, raw materials used by the teaching aid are derived from daily life, the teaching aid belongs to secondary utilization of life waste products and is green and environment-friendly, students can personally practice and manufacture and operate, and the teaching aid is convenient to use. Scientific thinking of students is cultivated by using the teaching aid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of optical demonstration teaching aids, and specifically relates to an optical demonstration device, in particular to a multifunctional optical experiment box based on green environmental protection design and suitable for the education of students in primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools. Background Art

[0002] Optical teaching aids play an important role in the field of education. They are used to help students who are unknown and curious about light and have unclear understanding of light phenomena to better understand and master optical principles.

[0003] At present, most of the traditional optical teaching aids on the market are bulky and not easy to carry. The model making method is relatively complicated and most of them are expensive. Moreover, a single teaching aid only corresponds to a single experimental effect, the amount of information transmitted is limited, and the information is relatively binary. There are generally problems such as complex operation, poor visualization effect, non-green environmental protection, weak integrity and systematization. It cannot provide three-dimensional and dynamic optical demonstrations and cannot meet the diverse needs of modern teaching for optical demonstrations. At the same time, the existing teaching aids are weak in interactivity, cannot attract students' attention well, and are not conducive to improving students' active learning ability and scientific literacy.

[0004] In summary, with the increasing diversification of educational needs, the demand for more efficient and intuitive optical teaching aids is becoming increasingly urgent. Therefore, the development of a new type of optical teaching aid is of great significance for improving teaching effects and meeting increasingly diversified educational needs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a multifunctional optical experiment box based on green and environmentally friendly design suitable for students of all grades, so as to solve the problems that traditional teaching aids are monotonous, complicated to operate, weak in interactivity, unsuitable for teaching in transitional education, and unable to meet the diverse needs of modern teaching for optical demonstrations. The teaching aid structure of this utility model has a low risk factor, is easy to operate, and has low cost, obvious effects, strong repeatability, and can achieve good teaching results without the need for sophisticated design and components.

[0006] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multifunctional optical experiment box, consisting of an observation mechanism located outside and a demonstration mechanism arranged inside;

[0008] The observation mechanism comprises a box-type structure shell 1 and a light source box 2 fixed to one side thereof, the other side opposite to the light source box 2 is a transparent acrylic plate 3, and the top, front side and transparent acrylic plate 3 of the carton are three observation areas; two layers of partitions are installed in the light source box 2 to divide the box into two layers, which can be used to place a flashlight 4 with an F-shaped card slot and a detachable three-way parallel laser 5 as an experimental light source;

[0009] The demonstration mechanism is installed at the bottom of the observation mechanism, including an experimental area and a storage area. The experimental area is composed of an experimental track 6 and a hand-painted scale plate 7; the storage area is composed of an experimental device and a storage track 8; the experimental device is multiple and is respectively fixed to the upper end of a connecting rod 21 with a base 20;

[0010] A light screen having the same size as the transparent acrylic plate 3 is placed inside the transparent acrylic plate 3 .

[0011] Furthermore, the light source box 2 is bonded to the side wall of the box-type structural shell 1 by glue, and the transparent acrylic plate 3 is bonded to the carton by hot-melt adhesive.

[0012] Furthermore, the box-type structural shell 1 is made of recycled cardboard, and the top and front side of the cardboard can be opened; the light source box 2 is made of recycled cardboard, and an openable door is arranged in the front.

[0013] Furthermore, the flashlight 4 of the F-shaped slot and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 are embedded in the holes on the cardboard of the carton.

[0014] Furthermore, the experimental track 6 is made of recycled disposable chopsticks, the hand-painted scale plate 7 is made of cardboard, the experimental track 6 and the hand-painted scale plate 7 are glued to the inner bottom surface of the carton by glue, and the storage track 8 is also made of recycled disposable chopsticks and glued to the inner bottom surface of the carton by glue.

[0015] Furthermore, the experimental device includes a polarizing plate 9, an interference plate 10, a cartoon globe 11, a mirror reflection disk 12 with a protractor, an F-type light source 13, a rectangular glass brick 14, a convex lens 15, a pinhole imaging disk 16, a diffraction grating 17, a cartoon moon 18 and a diffuse reflection disk 19 with a protractor.

[0016] Furthermore, the base 20 comprises recycled bottle caps filled with cement and sand.

[0017] Furthermore, the connecting rod 21 is made of recycled disposable chopsticks and stands in the middle of the base 20. The connecting rod 21 and the base 20 are connected and fixed with hot melt adhesive. The opening of the bottle cap faces downward, and the bottle cap is not fixed to the bottom of the carton.

[0018] Furthermore, the cartoon earth 11, the pinhole imaging disk 16 and the cartoon moon 18 are all cut from recycled cardboard, and the mirror reflection disk 12 with a protractor and the diffuse reflection disk 19 with a protractor are made from recycled optical discs.

[0019] Furthermore, the flashlight 4 with an F-shaped slot and the polarizing plate 9 are used to conduct light polarization experiments, the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 and the interference plate 10 are combined to conduct light interference experiments, the flashlight 4 with the F-shaped slot and the pinhole imaging disk 16 are used to conduct pinhole imaging experiments, the cartoon earth 11, the cartoon moon 18 and the flashlight 4 with the F-shaped slot can simulate solar and lunar eclipse phenomena, the mirror reflection disk 12 with a protractor, the diffuse reflection disk 19 with a protractor and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 are used to conduct light reflection experiments, the F-type light source 13 and the convex lens 15 are used to conduct convex lens imaging experiments, the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 and the diffraction grating 17 are used to conduct light diffraction experiments, and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 and the rectangular glass brick 14 are used to conduct light refraction experiments.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0021] 1. The utility model adopts a multi-functional integrated method to demonstrate a variety of optical experiments or optical phenomena at the same time, achieving the effect of "one tool for multiple uses". It is suitable for primary school, junior high school and high school. It can improve the situation that students are not adapted to the transition of educational content in the transition education, promote the integration of students' thinking and create a stage of learning, and fully cultivate students' core literacy in physics.

[0022] 2. Use a box-type structure to construct a three-dimensional spatial model to replace instruments with insufficient precision and poor experimental effects, or pictures and multimedia videos showing two-dimensional plane experimental phenomena, to assist students in transforming the abstract, complex, and scattered optical experimental processes into visual, intuitive, simple, and unified optical experiments during the learning process, thereby helping students to gain sensory knowledge and better understand the experimental principles and phenomena by simplifying the complex;

[0023] 3. The raw materials used in this teaching aid come from daily life and are secondary utilization of domestic waste, which is green and environmentally friendly. Students can practice making and operating it by themselves, and use this teaching aid to cultivate students' scientific thinking and stimulate their sense of innovation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the utility model and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional overall structure of the utility model multifunctional optical experiment box;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the utility model multifunctional optical experiment box;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the light source box in the external observation area of ​​the multifunctional optical experiment box of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional diagram of part of the internal demonstration area of ​​the multifunctional optical experiment box of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the experimental device of the internal demonstration area of ​​the multifunctional optical experimental box of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of the experimental device of the internal demonstration area of ​​the multifunctional optical experimental box of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the base of the experimental device in the internal demonstration area of ​​the multifunctional optical experiment box of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0034] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. At the same time, in the description of the present utility model, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] Traditional teaching aids have the disadvantages of being monotonous, complicated to operate, and weak in interactivity. They are not suitable for teaching in transitional education and cannot meet the diverse needs of modern teaching for optical demonstrations.

[0036] To this end, the utility model provides a multifunctional optical experiment box, such as Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, it is composed of an observation mechanism located outside and a demonstration mechanism arranged inside.

[0037] The observation mechanism includes a box-type structure shell 1 and a light source box 2, and the light source box 2 is glued to the side wall of the box-type structure shell 1. The box-type structure shell 1 is made of recycled cardboard, the top and front side of the cardboard can be opened, and the other side opposite to the light source box 2 is a transparent acrylic plate 3. The top, front side and transparent acrylic plate 3 of the cardboard are three observation areas.

[0038] The size of the carton must meet the needs of the experimental equipment and must meet the needs of 4 times the focal length of the convex lens in the convex lens imaging experiment. Since the focal length of the convex lens in this embodiment is 10 cm, the inner diameter of the carton is 40*30*30 and the outer size is 43*33*30. However, the size can also be changed according to the change of the equipment.

[0039] The top and front side of the carton of the utility model are closed by inserting nails into the cardboards of the top and front side and then tying them with rubber bands; when the rubber bands are opened, the top and front side are both opened. Only a few experiments are not opened, such as the polarization of light, and other experiments are always opened and closed when no experiment is performed.

[0040] In the utility model, the transparent acrylic plate 3 and the carton are glued together by hot-melt adhesive.

[0041] The three observation areas of the utility model can respectively observe the experimental phenomena of different experiments. For example, the phenomenon of the polarization experiment of light needs to be observed from the observation area at the transparent acrylic plate, while the experimental phenomenon of the diffraction experiment of light can be observed from the observation areas on the top and front side of the carton. At the same time, the side observation area can be used to move the instruments of multiple experiments.

[0042] The light source box 2 is made of recycled cardboard, and an openable door is arranged in the front thereof. Two layers of partitions are installed in the light source box 2 to divide the box into two layers, which can be used to place a flashlight 4 with an F-shaped card slot and a detachable three-way parallel laser 5.

[0043] The utility model calculates the placement height of the flashlight 4 and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 of the F-shaped card slot in advance, the placement positions of the flashlight 4 and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 of the F-shaped card slot are fixed, and the flashlight 4 and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 of the F-shaped card slot are embedded in the hole on the cardboard of the carton. The flashlight 4 and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 of the F-shaped card slot are used as light sources in the experiment.

[0044] The demonstration mechanism is installed at the bottom of the observation mechanism and includes an experimental area and a storage area.

[0045] The experimental area is composed of an experimental track 6 and a hand-painted scale plate 7. The experimental track 6 is made of recycled disposable chopsticks, and the hand-painted scale plate 7 is made of cardboard. The experimental track 6 and the hand-painted scale plate 7 are glued to the bottom surface of the carton. Specifically, the length of the hand-painted scale plate 7 is 40 cm.

[0046] The setting of the experimental track 6 is to ensure that the experimental instrument, light source and light screen are kept in the same straight line. The hand-painted scale 7 is used to measure the distance for qualitative analysis of the experiment. Some experiments need to examine the distance of the instrument, such as convex lens imaging, and the focal length of the convex lens needs to be considered to verify whether the convex lens has the experimental rule that one focal length is divided into virtual and real, and two focal lengths are divided into large and small.

[0047] The hand-painted scale of the utility model is set by measuring the distance in advance with a ruler in daily life and drawing it. There are two reasons why the hand-painted scale is not replaced by a ruler in daily life: the first is for environmental protection, and the second is that it needs to be customized due to size issues, which is not convenient.

[0048] The storage area is composed of an experimental device and a storage track 8. The storage track 8 is also made of recycled disposable chopsticks and is glued to the inner bottom surface of the carton by glue.

[0049] Because all the instruments needed for the experiment are placed in the experimental box, in order to prevent the instruments from being placed in a messy manner in the experimental box and to facilitate taking out, a storage track 8 is provided.

[0050] The experimental device includes a polarizing plate 9, an interference plate 10, a cartoon globe 11, a mirror reflection disk 12 with a protractor, an F-type light source 13, a rectangular glass brick 14, a convex lens 15, a pinhole imaging disk 16, a diffraction grating 17, a cartoon moon 18 and a diffuse reflection disk 19 with a protractor, and each experimental instrument is fixed to the upper end of a connecting rod 21 with a base 20.

[0051] Because the components need to be moved to the experimental track 6 during the experiment, the above components are not fixed to the storage track 8. Different combinations of the components can be used to perform different experiments, so that multiple experiments can be completed through one experimental box.

[0052] The top and sides of the carton were opened and the experimental components were moved by hand.

[0053] Each experimental component can be slid to the experimental track 6 through the track, or it can be picked up by hand and then placed on the experimental track 6.

[0054] like Figure 7As shown, the base 20 includes recycled bottle caps filled with cement and sand. In the figure, the dotted lines in the base 20 refer to the fillers, namely cement and sand, to make the base 20 more stable. The connecting rod 21 is made of recycled disposable chopsticks and stands in the middle of the base 20. The connecting rod 21 and the base 20 are connected and fixed with hot melt adhesive. The opening of the bottle cap faces downward, and the bottle cap is not fixed to the bottom of the carton. Because the connecting rod 21 and experimental equipment are above the bottle cap, they need to be moved according to the experiment.

[0055] The cartoon earth 11, the pinhole imaging disk 16 and the cartoon moon 18 are all cut from recycled cardboard, and the mirror reflection disk 12 with a protractor and the diffuse reflection disk 19 with a protractor are made from recycled optical discs. The polarizer 9, the interference plate 10, the F-type light source 13, the rectangular glass brick 14, the convex lens 15 and the diffraction grating 17 are conventional purchased parts.

[0056] A light screen having the same size as the transparent acrylic plate 3 is placed at the transparent acrylic plate 3 .

[0057] The light screen is placed on the inner side of the transparent acrylic plate 3 and does not need to be fixed, because whether to place the light screen depends on different experiments. The light screen is made of cardboard and only needs to be placed on the inner side of the transparent acrylic plate 3 to observe the experimental phenomena.

[0058] Among them, the flashlight 4 with an F-shaped slot and the polarizing plate 9 can be used for polarization experiments of light. The combination of the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 and the interference plate 10 can be used for interference experiments of light. The flashlight 4 with an F-shaped slot and the pinhole imaging disk 16 can be used for pinhole imaging experiments. The cartoon earth 11, the cartoon moon 18 and the flashlight 4 with an F-shaped slot can simulate solar and lunar eclipse phenomena. The mirror reflection disk 12 with a protractor, the diffuse reflection disk 19 with a protractor and the detachable three-way parallel laser 5 can be used for reflection experiments of light. The F-type light source 13 and the convex lens 15 can be used for convex lens imaging experiments. The detachable three-way parallel laser 5 and the diffraction grating 17 can be used for diffraction experiments of light. The detachable three-way parallel laser 5 and the rectangular glass brick 14 can be used for refraction experiments of light. The experimental phenomena of the above experiments can be observed through three observation areas respectively.

[0059] Take the light interference experiment as an example to explain as follows:

[0060] Move the interference plate 10 to the experimental track 6, place the light screen on the transparent acrylic plate 3, and set the line light source of one of the detachable three-way parallel lasers 5 as a point light source. Irradiate the gap between the double slits with laser, and a series of light and dark alternating stripes of equal brightness, width and spacing can be observed on the light screen in the side observation area, that is, the transparent acrylic plate where the light screen is placed. Utilize the principle of light interference, that is, a parallel monochromatic light is projected onto a baffle with two slits. Since the slits are very close to each other, the light waves of the parallel light will be transmitted to the slits at the same time, and they become two wave sources with the same vibration conditions. The light they emit is superimposed on each other in the space behind the baffle, and then interference occurs. The interference conditions are: two coherent light sources with the same frequency, constant phase difference and the same vibration direction.

[0061] Taking convex lens imaging as an example, the following is an explanation:

[0062] Move the F-type light source 13 and the convex lens 15 to the experimental track 6 and adjust the distance (adjust the distance between the convex lens and the F-type light source, because this experiment is a convex lens imaging experiment, and it is necessary to verify the experimental rule that the convex lens has one times the focal length and divides the virtual and real, and two times the focal length and divides the size), place the light screen on the transparent acrylic plate 3, move the F-type light source 13 to 3cm of the experimental track, and place the convex lens 15 at a position less than one times the focal length, such as 9cm. Turn on the F-type light source 13, and observe that there is no imaging at the light screen. Then move the convex lens 15 to a position greater than one times the focal length and less than two times the focal length, such as 16cm, and an inverted and enlarged real image can be observed on the light screen. Slowly move the convex lens 15 from the end of the F-type light source 13 to the light screen. During this period, the image can be seen on the light screen. The change from the initial virtual image to the real image, from large to small. It reflects the rule that the convex lens has one times the focal length and divides the virtual and real, and two times the focal length and divides the size. In this embodiment, the focal length of the convex lens is 10cm.

[0063] Taking pinhole imaging as an example, the following is an explanation:

[0064] Move the pinhole imaging disk 16 to 31 cm from the experimental track (because there is a hand-painted scale under the experimental track 6, the specific scale can be seen intuitively. Place the pinhole imaging disk at 31 cm on the hand-painted scale next to the experimental track), rotate the pinhole so that the pinhole with an aperture of 0.05 cm is kept at the same height as the light source, and place the light screen on the transparent acrylic plate 3. Turn on the flashlight 4 with an F-shaped slot, and you can observe an inverted, left-right reversed "F" image on the light screen. Rotate the pinhole and change the size of the pinhole to 0.10 cm, 0.15 cm, and 0.25 cm respectively. You can observe that the image of 0.25 cm on the light screen is the largest, and the image of 0.10 cm is the smallest. That is, the larger the aperture, the larger the image, and the smaller the aperture, the smaller the image. Rotate the pinhole again, change the shape of the pinhole to a rhombus, a pentagonal star, or a triangle, and you can also observe the "F" image. This shows that the shape of the pinhole does not affect the shape of the image. Keeping the same pinhole, move the pinhole imaging disk 16 from 2 cm to 39 cm. It can be observed that the image on the light screen is the largest when the pinhole imaging disk is placed at 2 cm on the experimental track, and the image is the smallest when it is placed at 39 cm. This means that the closer the image distance is, the smaller and brighter the image is, and the larger the image distance is, the larger and darker the image is.

[0065] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention is described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional optical experiment box, characterized in that: It consists of an observation mechanism located outside and a demonstration mechanism set inside; The observation mechanism comprises a box-type structure shell (1) and a light source box (2) fixed to one side thereof, the other side opposite to the light source box (2) is a transparent acrylic plate (3), and the top, front side and transparent acrylic plate (3) of the carton are three observation areas; two layers of partitions are installed in the light source box (2) to divide the box into two layers, which can be used to place a flashlight (4) with an F-shaped card slot and a detachable three-way parallel laser (5) as an experimental light source; The demonstration mechanism is installed at the bottom of the observation mechanism, and includes an experimental area and a storage area. The experimental area is composed of an experimental track (6) and a hand-painted scale plate (7); the storage area is composed of an experimental device and a storage track (8); the experimental device is multiple and is respectively fixed to the upper end of a connecting rod (21) with a base (20); A light screen having the same size as the transparent acrylic plate (3) is placed inside the transparent acrylic plate (3).

2. A multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source box (2) and the side wall of the box-type structural shell (1) are bonded together by glue, and the transparent acrylic plate (3) and the carton are bonded together by hot-melt adhesive.

3. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box-type structural shell (1) is made of recycled cardboard, and the top and front side of the cardboard can be opened; the light source box (2) is made of recycled cardboard, and an openable door is arranged in the front.

4. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flashlight (4) with the F-shaped slot and the detachable three-way parallel laser (5) are embedded in the hole on the cardboard of the carton.

5. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental track (6) is made of recycled disposable chopsticks, the hand-painted scale plate (7) is made of cardboard, the experimental track (6) and the hand-painted scale plate (7) are glued to the inner bottom surface of the carton, and the storage track (8) is also made of recycled disposable chopsticks and glued to the inner bottom surface of the carton.

6. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental device comprises a polarizing plate (9), an interference plate (10), a cartoon earth (11), a mirror reflection disk with a protractor (12), an F-type light source (13), a rectangular glass brick (14), a convex lens (15), a pinhole imaging disk (16), a diffraction grating (17), a cartoon moon (18) and a diffuse reflection disk with a protractor (19).

7. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (20) comprises a recycled bottle cap filled with cement and sand.

8. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod (21) is made of recycled disposable chopsticks and stands in the middle of the base (20). The connecting rod (21) and the base (20) are connected and fixed by hot melt adhesive. The opening of the bottle cap faces downward, and the bottle cap is not fixed to the bottom of the carton.

9. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cartoon earth (11), the pinhole imaging disk (16) and the cartoon moon (18) are all cut from recycled cardboard, and the mirror reflection disk (12) with a protractor and the diffuse reflection disk (19) with a protractor are made from recycled optical discs.

10. The multifunctional optical experiment box according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flashlight (4) with an F-shaped slot and a polarizing plate (9) are used to carry out a light polarization experiment; the detachable three-way parallel laser (5) and an interference plate (10) are combined to carry out a light interference experiment; the flashlight (4) with an F-shaped slot and a pinhole imaging disk (16) are used to carry out a pinhole imaging experiment; the cartoon earth (11), the cartoon moon (18) and the flashlight (4) with an F-shaped slot can simulate solar and lunar eclipse phenomena; the mirror reflection disk (12) with a protractor, the diffuse reflection disk (19) with a protractor and the detachable three-way parallel laser (5) are used to carry out a light reflection experiment; the F-shaped light source (13) and a convex lens (15) are used to carry out a convex lens imaging experiment; the detachable three-way parallel laser (5) and a diffraction grating (17) are used to carry out a light diffraction experiment; and the detachable three-way parallel laser (5) and a rectangular glass brick (14) are used to carry out a light refraction experiment.

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