Large-hole hollow straight hole slot structure for hard rock blasting
By adopting large-hole hollow straight hole groove-cutting structure and air column continuous charging technology, the problems of rock crushing and throwing in hard rock blasting are solved, and efficient deep hole groove-cutting is achieved and equipment safety is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421465576.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-25
AI Technical Summary
In hard rock blasting, the prior art is difficult to effectively crush and throw rocks, resulting in poor bursting effect of trough digging, especially in deep hole digging, where equipment is prone to collapse.
A large hole hollow straight hole groove structure is adopted, including a central hole and multiple groove holes, and an air column continuous charging structure is adopted. The bottom loading volume of the third groove hole is greater than the rest to ensure that the rock is evenly broken and thrown out.
It realizes effective crushing and throwing of rocks in deep hole grooves, improves blasting effect and operating efficiency, and reduces the risk of equipment damage.
Smart Images
Figure CN222718808U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of blasting slotting, in particular to a large-hole hollow straight hole slotting structure for hard rock blasting. Background Art
[0002] In some hard rock blasting excavations, due to the small excavation section, narrow working space, single free surface, the clamping effect of blasting is relatively large, and the blasting is very difficult, resulting in poor trenching blasting effect. Although the trenching progress is fast using the wedge trenching method, the broken rock thrown by the blasting is not easy to control, especially in the small-section tunnel of the support, which is easy to damage the support structure.
[0003] The straight hole cutting method is simple in layout because the slots are perpendicular to the working surface. The slots are parallel to each other, which makes it easy to realize parallel operation of multiple rock drills and use rock drilling trolleys. In addition, the rock size is uniform, the throwing distance is short, the blasting is concentrated, it is easy to clear the way and load the rock, and it is not easy to collapse the support and equipment. However, if the footage is too deep, the rock cannot be effectively broken and thrown out, affecting the overall blasting effect. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the blasting trenching in the prior art, the first aspect of the utility model proposes a large-hole hollow straight hole trenching structure for hard rock blasting, comprising:
[0005] Central hollow hole, perpendicular to the working surface;
[0006] Two first slotted holes are arranged on both sides of the central hole in a horizontal direction;
[0007] Two second cutout holes are arranged on both sides of the central hollow hole in the vertical direction;
[0008] Four third cutout holes are arranged on the periphery of the central hollow hole and are distributed in a rectangular shape;
[0009] Among them, the charging coefficient of the first slot hole and the second slot hole is 0.85, and the charging coefficient of the third slot hole is 0.95. The first slot hole, the second slot hole and the third slot hole all adopt an air column continuous charging structure, including multiple charging structures and an air column structure. In the third slot hole, the charging amount at the bottom of the hole is greater than the charging amount in the rest of the part.
[0010] Preferably, the first notch hole and the second notch hole have the same structure.
[0011] Preferably, the distance between the first groove hole and the central hollow hole is L1, the distance between the second groove hole and the central hollow hole is L2, the diameter of the central hollow hole is D, and L2>L1>D.
[0012] Preferably, L1=1.5D, L2=1.8D.
[0013] Preferably, the first slot hole includes a first filling structure, a first charging structure, a first air column and a first bottom hole charging structure, the length ratio of the first charging structure to the first air column is 7:3, and the length ratio of the first charging structure to the first bottom hole charging structure is 7:5.
[0014] Preferably, the third slot hole includes a second filling structure, a second charging structure, a second air column and a second bottom hole charging structure, the length ratio of the second charging structure to the second air column is 7:3, and the length ratio of the second charging structure to the second bottom hole charging structure is less than 7:10.
[0015] Preferably, the length of the first filling structure is three times the length of the second filling structure, and the detonation order of the slot holes is the first slot hole, the second slot hole, and the third slot hole.
[0016] Preferably, the diameter of the central hollow hole is 115-140 mm.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the utility model are:
[0018] The large-hole hollow straight hole grooving method proposed in this application has each groove perpendicular to the working surface, with a simple arrangement. The depth of the groove is not limited by the tunnel section, which is convenient for deep hole blasting. Since the grooves are parallel to each other, it is easy to realize parallel operation of multiple rock drills and use a rock drilling trolley, which improves the working efficiency. In addition, the inner and outer groove holes are both charged with air columns, and the charging structures are spaced apart from each other, which is conducive to the formation of gravel of uniform size. The strengthening of the charging at the bottom of the hole can increase the throwing distance, which is convenient for clearing the way and loading rocks in deeper groove holes. Since the throwing position is concentrated, it is not easy to collapse the bracket and equipment, reducing the risk of equipment damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in various figures may be represented by the same reference numeral. For the sake of clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Now, embodiments of various aspects of the utility model will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a large-hole hollow straight hole cutout structure for hard rock blasting shown in the utility model;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a large-hole hollow straight hole cutout structure for hard rock blasting shown in the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the first aspect of the utility model proposes a large-hole hollow straight hole slotting structure for hard rock blasting, including a central hollow hole 1, a first slotting hole 2, a second slotting hole 3 and a third slotting hole 4, and the central hollow hole 1, the first slotting hole 2, the second slotting hole 3 and the third slotting hole 4 are parallel to each other.
[0024] It can be seen that all the slots of the large-hole hollow straight hole excavation are perpendicular to the tunnel working surface, making drilling easier, more convenient and more efficient.
[0025] The central hollow hole 1 is perpendicular to the working surface; the hollow hole plays a guiding role in the straight-eye cutting, and is also an expansion space for rock crushing, which changes the stress state of the surrounding area that is close to uniform compression in all directions, and changes the proportion of energy consumed in all directions.
[0026] Preferably, the diameter of the central hollow hole 1 is 115-140 mm.
[0027] Two first slotted holes 2 are arranged on both sides of the central hollow hole 1 in the horizontal direction; two second slotted holes 3 are arranged on both sides of the central hollow hole 1 in the vertical direction; four third slotted holes 4 are arranged on the periphery of the central hollow hole 1 and are distributed in a rectangular shape; wherein, the charging coefficient of the first slotted hole 2 and the second slotted hole 3 is 0.85, and the charging coefficient of the third slotted hole 4 is 0.95; the first slotted hole 2, the second slotted hole 3 and the third slotted hole 4 all adopt an air column continuous charging structure, including multiple charging structures and an air column structure; in the third slotted hole 4, the charging amount at the bottom of the hole is greater than the charging amount in the rest of the parts.
[0028] In this way, the charge amount of the third slot hole 4 on the periphery is set larger, especially the charge amount at the bottom of the hole is larger, and the gravel can be thrown out in the deeper slot hole to facilitate cleaning and shorten the cycle footage time interval.
[0029] In an optional embodiment, the first notch hole 2 and the second notch hole 3 have the same structure.
[0030] Preferably, the distance between the first slotted hole 2 and the central hollow hole 1 is L1, the distance between the second slotted hole 2 and the central hollow hole 1 is L2, the diameter of the central hollow hole 1 is D, L2>L1>D. In a preferred embodiment, L1=1.5D, L2=1.8D.
[0031] In this way, the distance between the slots is small and they are strictly kept parallel, which can ensure the consistency and stability of the blasting effect. By arranging the first slot hole 2 closer to the second slot hole 3, it is easier to form a free surface when the first slot hole 2 is blasted, providing more space for the blasting of the second slot hole 3.
[0032] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the first slotted hole 2 includes a first stuffing structure 31, a first charge structure 32, a first air column 33 and a first bottom hole charge structure 34. The length ratio of the first charge structure 32 to the first air column 33 is 7:3, and the length ratio of the first charge structure 32 to the first bottom hole charge structure 34 is 7:5. The third slotted hole 4 includes a second stuffing structure 41, a second charge structure 42, a second air column 43 and a second bottom hole charge structure 44. The length ratio of the second charge structure 42 to the second air column 43 is 7:3, and the length ratio of the second charge structure 42 to the second bottom hole charge structure 44 is less than 7:10.
[0033] The slot holes all use an air column continuous charging structure. When the explosives explode, the generated detonation wave first contacts the air column, causing the air column to gain kinetic energy and form an air shock wave with a steep wave head. This shock wave propagates in the undisturbed air. When it encounters the hole wall, its speed instantly becomes zero, converting the kinetic energy into quasi-static energy and storing it in the compressed air. With the action of the detonation pressure, the compressed air column begins to release the stored quasi-static energy and produces a large amount of gas. This causes the hole wall to withstand the quasi-static pressure for a longer period of time, extending the action time. Ultimately, the rock wall is subjected to more uniform force, reducing the range of the crushing zone, which is conducive to reducing the vibration range of the blasting and making the rock crush evenly.
[0034] Furthermore, the length of the first filling structure 31 is three times the length of the second filling structure 41 , and the detonation order of the slot holes is the first slot hole 2 , the second slot hole 3 , and the third slot hole 4 .
[0035] Since the filling lengths of the first slot hole and the second slot hole are long, while the filling length of the third slot hole is short, the charging structures of the first slot hole, the second slot hole and the third slot hole are staggered with each other. This method is beneficial for the slot structure to gradually form a free surface from the inside to the outside in the radial direction of the central hollow hole 1, and from the outside to the inside in the axial direction, thereby ensuring uniform rock crushing. In addition, the second filling structure 41 has a small amount of charging, and is not prone to secondary explosion after blasting. The second hole bottom charging structure 44 can generate a larger throwing force at the end to throw the gravel out, thereby facilitating cleaning.
[0036] In combination with the above embodiments, the large-hole hollow straight hole grooving method proposed in the present application has each groove perpendicular to the working surface, and the arrangement method is simple. The depth of the groove is not limited by the cross section of the tunnel, which is convenient for deep hole blasting. Since the grooves are parallel to each other, it is easy to realize parallel operation of multiple rock drills and use a rock drilling trolley, which improves the working efficiency. In addition, the inner and outer groove holes are both charged by air columns, and the charging structures are spaced apart from each other, which is conducive to the formation of gravel of uniform size. The bottom of the hole is strengthened to increase the throwing distance, which is convenient for clearing and loading rocks in deeper groove holes. Since the throwing position is concentrated, it is not easy to collapse the bracket and equipment, reducing the risk of equipment damage.
[0037] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the definition of the claims.
Claims
1. A large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting, characterized in that: include: A central hollow hole (1) perpendicular to the working surface; Two first cutout holes (2) are arranged on both sides of the central hollow hole (1) in the horizontal direction; Two second cutout holes (3) are arranged on both sides of the central hollow hole (1) in the vertical direction; Four third cutout holes (4) are arranged on the periphery of the central hollow hole (1) and are distributed in a rectangular shape; The charge coefficients of the first slot hole (2) and the second slot hole (3) are 0.85, and the charge coefficient of the third slot hole (4) is 0.
95. The first slot hole (2), the second slot hole (3) and the third slot hole (4) all adopt an air column continuous charge structure, including a plurality of charge structures and an air column structure. In the third slot hole (4), the charge amount at the bottom of the hole is greater than the charge amount in the remaining parts.
2. The large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first grooved hole (2) and the second grooved hole (3) have the same structure.
3. The large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance between the first groove hole (2) and the central hollow hole (1) is L1, the distance between the second groove hole (3) and the central hollow hole (1) is L2, the diameter of the central hollow hole (1) is D, and L2>L1>D.
4. The large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: L1=1.5D, L2=1.8D.
5. The large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first slot hole (2) comprises a first filling structure (31), a first charge structure (32), a first air column (33) and a first hole bottom charge structure (34); the length ratio of the first charge structure (32) to the first air column (33) is 7:3, and the length ratio of the first charge structure (32) to the first hole bottom charge structure (34) is 7:
5.
6. The large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The third slot hole (4) comprises a second filling structure (41), a second charge structure (42), a second air column (43) and a second bottom hole charge structure (44); the length ratio of the second charge structure (42) to the second air column (43) is 7:3, and the length ratio of the second charge structure (42) to the second bottom hole charge structure (44) is less than 7:
10.
7. The large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The length of the first filling structure (31) is three times the length of the second filling structure (41), and the detonation order of the slot holes is the first slot hole (2), the second slot hole (3), and the third slot hole (4).
8. The large-hole hollow straight hole cutting structure for hard rock blasting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the central hollow hole (1) is 115-140 mm.