Fracture straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting
By setting up slot holes and slot holes in the contact zone excavation of hard rock blasting, the gradually increasing charge of the gun hole and the hollow holes are used as the free surface, the problems of uneven structural strength and safety risks in the contact zone during hard rock blasting are solved, and the uniformity of rock blocks and the concentration of blasting are achieved, which facilitates subsequent clearing of the road rock installation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421465580.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-25
AI Technical Summary
During the hard rock blasting excavation process, especially in areas where the working surface intersects with weak interlayers or contact zones, there are problems of structural strength and safety risks.
The cracked straight hole groove excavation technology is adopted. By setting slot holes and slot holes in the contact belt, the gradually increasing charge amount of gun holes and hollow holes are used as the free surface, and strip-shaped grooves are formed after the contact belt is blasted, creating a free surface for subsequent blasting.
It realizes the formation of uniform rock blocks after blasting of the contact zone, the throwing distance is close and the blasting is concentrated, which facilitates clearing of the road and installing rocks and reduces the impact on the equipment and support structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN222718809U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of blasting excavation, in particular to a cracked straight hole cutout for hard rock blasting. Background Art
[0002] Blasting excavation is a construction method that uses the energy of explosives to break up soil and rocks to facilitate excavation and transportation or to move soil and rocks to a predetermined location with the help of explosive energy. It has the advantages of high efficiency, fast speed, low labor consumption and low construction cost. The energy of explosives can quickly break up soil and rocks, improve construction progress, reduce the use of manpower and machinery, and reduce labor consumption.
[0003] In some hard rock blasting and excavation processes, special geological or structural areas may be encountered, such as the area where the working face intersects with weak interlayers or contact zones. The presence of weak interlayers will seriously affect the overall structural strength and stability. During blasting and excavation, due to different structural strengths, these special areas may increase safety risks in the construction process. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the risks and challenges that these areas may bring, and corresponding countermeasures should be taken to ensure the safety and smooth progress of the construction. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art of blasting slotting, the first aspect of the utility model proposes a cracked straight hole slotting for hard rock blasting, comprising:
[0005] A slotted hole belt is arranged at the intersection area of the contact belt, the slotted hole belt comprises a first slotted hole and a second slotted hole, an empty hole is arranged between the first slotted hole and the second slotted hole, and the first slotted hole, the second slotted hole and the empty hole are arranged along a first straight line;
[0006] Two third slotted holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the slotted hole belt, and the connecting line of the two third slotted holes is perpendicular to the first straight line;
[0007] Four fourth slotted holes, forming a rectangle surrounding the slotted hole belt and the periphery of the third slotted hole, wherein the four fourth slotted holes are located at the four corners of the rectangle;
[0008] The charge amount in the fourth slot hole is greater than the charge amount in the third slot hole, and greater than the charge amount in the first slot hole and the second slot hole.
[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the empty hole is 90 mm, and the diameters of the first groove hole, the second groove hole, the third groove hole and the fourth groove hole are 50 mm.
[0010] Preferably, the first groove hole is located at the center of the intersection area of the contact belts, the two empty holes are located on both sides of the first groove hole, and the two second groove holes are located outside the two empty holes.
[0011] Preferably, the distance between the empty hole and the first groove hole is 15 cm, and the distance between the second groove hole and the empty hole is 20 cm.
[0012] Preferably, the two third slotted holes are collinear with the first slotted hole, and the distance between the third slotted holes and the first slotted hole is 35 cm.
[0013] Preferably, the side length of the rectangle formed by the fourth cutout holes is 80 cm.
[0014] Preferably, the charging coefficient of the first slotted hole, the second slotted hole, the third slotted hole and the fourth slotted hole is 0.9.
[0015] Preferably, the wire charge density of the first and second slotted holes is 550 g / m, the wire charge density of the third slotted hole is 1200 g / m, and the wire charge density of the fourth slotted hole is 1400 g / m.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the utility model are:
[0017] By setting a slot hole belt in the contact zone, the charge of the slot hole belt and the blast holes on both sides of the slot hole belt is gradually increased, and the empty holes set in the slot hole belt are used as free surfaces. After the contact zone is blasted, strip grooves are formed, which create free surfaces for blasting the slot holes set on both sides of the contact zone, which is convenient for subsequent blasting work. The rock blocks formed after blasting are uniform, the throwing distance is short, and the blasting is concentrated, which is convenient for clearing the road and loading the rock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The accompanying drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings, each identical or nearly identical component shown in various figures may be represented by the same reference numeral. For the sake of clarity, not every component is labeled in each figure. Now, embodiments of various aspects of the utility model will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cracked straight hole cutout for hard rock blasting shown in the utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the charge loading structure in the cutout hole described in the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0022] Combination Figure 1As shown, the first aspect of the utility model proposes a cracked straight hole slot for hard rock blasting, including a slot hole belt, two third slot holes 3 and four fourth slot holes 4. The slot hole belt is arranged in the intersection area of the contact belt, and the structural strength of the intersection area of the contact belt is weaker than the structural strength of the surrounding area. The slot hole belt is arranged in this area, and the area is first blasted and slotted preferentially to form a free surface, providing a crushing space for the surrounding hard rock blasting.
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the grooved hole belt includes a first grooved hole 1 and a second grooved hole 2, an empty hole 5 is provided between the first grooved hole 1 and the second grooved hole 2, and the first grooved hole 1, the second grooved hole 2 and the empty hole 5 are arranged along a first straight line.
[0024] Optionally, the diameter of the empty hole 5 is 90 mm, and the diameters of the first slotted hole 1 , the second slotted hole 2 , the third slotted hole 3 and the fourth slotted hole 4 are 50 mm.
[0025] All blast holes are perpendicular to the excavation surface, so that there is little interference between the rock drills during drilling, which facilitates multiple rock drills to operate simultaneously, thereby improving the drilling efficiency.
[0026] Furthermore, the first groove hole 1 is located at the center of the intersection area of the contact bands, the two empty holes 5 are located on both sides of the first groove hole 1 , and the two second groove holes 2 are located outside the two empty holes 5 .
[0027] In this way, the empty hole 5 provides an air-facing surface for the first groove hole 1 and the second groove hole 2. The first groove hole 1 and the second groove hole 2 are arranged linearly to form a strip-shaped cavity after blasting, providing space for the third groove hole 3 and the subsequent fourth groove hole 4, so as to facilitate the subsequent groove holes to expand the groove space based on the air-facing surface of the previously formed linear groove hole.
[0028] Furthermore, the distance between the empty hole 5 and the first groove hole 1 is 15 cm, and the distance between the second groove hole 2 and the empty hole 5 is 20 cm.
[0029] Since the free surface of the first slot hole 1 is the smallest and the rock clamping effect is the largest during blasting, setting the empty hole 5 at a relatively close distance to the first slot hole 1 can reduce the rock clamping effect and enable the first slot hole 1 to achieve a better blasting and excavation effect. On the basis of the blasting and excavation of the first slot hole 1, the second slot hole 2 further expands the free surface space.
[0030] Furthermore, two third slotted holes 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the slotted hole belt, and the connecting line of the two third slotted holes 3 is perpendicular to the first straight line. Four fourth slotted holes 4 form a rectangle surrounding the slotted hole belt and the third slotted holes 3, and the four fourth slotted holes 4 are located at the four corners of the rectangle.
[0031] After the horizontal slots are formed in the slot hole belt, the slot space is further expanded longitudinally by the third slot holes 3 in the vertical direction. Finally, the slot blasting in a large area is realized by blasting the fourth slot holes 4 around.
[0032] The charge amount in the fourth slot hole 4 is greater than the charge amount in the third slot hole 3 , which is greater than the charge amount in the first slot hole 1 and the second slot hole 2 .
[0033] Since the first slot hole 1 and the second slot hole 2 are located in the intersection area of the contact zone and the rock strength is low, a smaller charge can be used. However, the third slot hole 3 and the fourth slot hole 4 are located in hard rock and the distance between the charge holes is large, so a large charge should be used for blasting to reduce the use of explosives while ensuring the quality of blasting and excavation.
[0034] Furthermore, the two third slotted holes 3 are collinear with the first slotted hole 1 , and the distance between the third slotted holes 3 and the first slotted hole 1 is 35 cm.
[0035] In this way, the third slotting hole 3 is respectively located above and below the center of the slotting hole belt. At this position, the resistance line of the rock is the shortest, which can form a better blasting excavation effect. The number of arranged blastholes is small, which can form a larger slotting area.
[0036] Furthermore, the side length of the rectangle formed by the fourth groove holes 4 is 80 cm. The four fourth groove holes 4 can define the space and boundary of the groove, and also determine the final groove effect.
[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the charge coefficient of the first slot hole 1, the second slot hole 2, the third slot hole 3 and the fourth slot hole 4 is 0.9. Each slot hole includes a filling structure at the hole mouth and a charge structure in the hole. The charge structure adopts discontinuous charge, and the explosives are separated by air columns. The detonation of the first slot hole 1, the second slot hole 2, the third slot hole 3 and the fourth slot hole 4 is realized at intervals of 75ms.
[0038] Furthermore, the wire charge density of the first slot hole 1 and the second slot hole 2 is 550 g / m, the wire charge density of the third slot hole 3 is 1200 g / m, and the wire charge density of the fourth slot hole 4 is 1400 g / m.
[0039] In this way, through the sequential strengthening of the charging and the detonation sequence of interval detonation, a strip trough can be formed preferentially in the contact zone, and excavation is formed with the strip trough as the free surface by arranging higher density explosives in the hard rock. After blasting, the rock block size is uniform, the throwing distance is short, and the blasting is concentrated, which is convenient for clearing the way and loading the rock, and is not easy to damage the bracket and equipment, and has less impact on the equipment and support structure.
[0040] In combination with the above embodiments, a slotted hole belt is set in the contact zone, and the charge of the slotted hole belt and the blastholes on both sides of the slotted hole belt is gradually increased. The empty holes set in the slotted hole belt are used as free surfaces. After the contact zone is blasted, strip grooves are formed, which create free surfaces for blasting the slotted holes set on both sides of the contact zone, which is convenient for subsequent blasting work. The rock blocks formed after blasting are uniform, the throwing distance is short, and the blasting is concentrated, which is convenient for clearing the road and loading the rock.
[0041] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the definition of the claims.
Claims
1. A cracked straight hole cut for hard rock blasting, characterized in that: include: A grooved hole belt is arranged at the intersection area of the contact belt, the grooved hole belt comprises a first grooved hole (1) and a second grooved hole (2), an empty hole (5) is arranged between the first grooved hole (1) and the second grooved hole (2), and the first grooved hole (1), the second grooved hole (2) and the empty hole (5) are arranged along a first straight line; Two third slotted holes (3) are respectively arranged on both sides of the slotted hole belt, and the connecting line of the two third slotted holes (3) is perpendicular to the first straight line; Four fourth slotted holes (4) form a rectangle surrounding the slotted hole belt and the periphery of the third slotted hole (3), and the four fourth slotted holes (4) are located at the four corners of the rectangle; The charge amount in the fourth slot hole (4) is greater than the charge amount in the third slot hole (3), and greater than the charge amounts in the first slot hole (1) and the second slot hole (2).
2. The crack straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the empty hole (5) is 90 mm, and the diameters of the first groove hole (1), the second groove hole (2), the third groove hole (3) and the fourth groove hole (4) are 50 mm.
3. The crack straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first groove hole (1) is located at the center of the intersection area of the contact belt, the two empty holes (5) are located on both sides of the first groove hole (1), and the two second groove holes (2) are located outside the two empty holes (5).
4. The crack straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The distance between the empty hole (5) and the first groove hole (1) is 15 cm, and the distance between the second groove hole (2) and the empty hole (5) is 20 cm.
5. The crack straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two third slotted holes (3) are collinear with the first slotted hole (1), and the distance between the third slotted holes (3) and the first slotted hole (1) is 35 cm.
6. The crack straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side length of the rectangle formed by the fourth cutout hole (4) is 80 cm.
7. The crack straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging coefficient of the first slotted hole (1), the second slotted hole (2), the third slotted hole (3) and the fourth slotted hole (4) is 0.
9.
8. The crack straight hole cutting for hard rock blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wire charge density of the first groove hole (1) and the second groove hole (2) is 550 g / m, the wire charge density of the third groove hole (3) is 1200 g / m, and the wire charge density of the fourth groove hole (4) is 1400 g / m.