Solar panels and solar cells

Abstract

The present application discloses a solar cell assembly and a solar cell. The solar cell assembly includes a first electrode layer, a first transmission layer, an active layer, a second transmission layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked. The first electrode layer, the first transmission layer, the active layer, the second transmission layer and the second electrode layer realize the photoelectric conversion function of the solar cell. A focusing layer is arranged on at least one side of the battery unit, and the focusing layer includes a focusing structure, and the focusing structure has a convex surface away from the active layer side, that is, the convex surface of the focusing structure faces the light incident side of the battery unit, and external light can pass through the convex surface of the focusing structure and refract, so that more light is gathered toward the active layer, and the energy of the light reaching the active layer is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell assembly and a solar cell. Background Art

[0002] The development of semiconductor technology plays a vital role in the progress of the electronics industry. As a new type of semiconductor, perovskite has many advantages such as long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, adjustable band gap, and large absorption coefficient. Compared with traditional organic and inorganic semiconductors, perovskite preparation process is simple and low cost, which has great advantages in the semiconductor field. Up to now, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%, and T95 has exceeded thousands of hours. In addition, it has been studied and applied in light-emitting diodes, detectors, lasers, etc. As an emerging semiconductor material, perovskite shows great potential.

[0003] Solar cells are a path to green and low-carbon energy. Perovskite solar cells have the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and environmentally friendly materials. They are gradually becoming a popular solar cell and a key development direction of the solar cell industry.

[0004] At present, perovskite solar cells are the key development direction of the photovoltaic cell industry due to their suitability for large-scale, low-cost manufacturing and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, perovskite solar cells still have some problems that need to be solved urgently. Utility Model Content

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell assembly and a solar cell, aiming to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0006] A first aspect of the present application provides a solar cell assembly, comprising: a battery unit, comprising a first electrode layer, a first transmission layer, an active layer, a second transmission layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence; a focusing layer is arranged on at least one side of the battery unit, the focusing layer comprises a focusing structure, and the focusing structure has a convex surface away from the active layer.

[0007] According to an implementation of the first aspect of the present application, the light-concentrating layer includes a first light-concentrating layer located on the side of the first electrode layer away from the active layer, the first light-concentrating layer includes a first light-concentrating structure, the first light-concentrating structure includes a first convex surface, and the first convex surface faces the side away from the active layer.

[0008] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first light-focusing structure is a convex lens structure.

[0009] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, there are one or more first light-focusing structures.

[0010] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first light-focusing layer also includes a first transparent protective portion, and the first light-focusing structure is embedded in the first transparent protective portion.

[0011] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the light-focusing layer includes a second light-focusing layer located on the side of the second electrode layer away from the active layer, the second light-focusing layer includes a second light-focusing structure, the second light-focusing structure includes a second convex surface, and the second convex surface faces the side away from the active layer.

[0012] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the second light-focusing structure is a convex lens structure.

[0013] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, there are one or more second light-focusing structures.

[0014] According to any of the aforementioned embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the second light-focusing layer further includes a second transparent protective portion, and the second light-focusing structure is embedded in the second transparent protective portion.

[0015] An embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes a solar cell assembly according to any of the above embodiments.

[0016] According to the solar cell assembly of the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell assembly includes a first electrode layer, a first transmission layer, an active layer, a second transmission layer and a second electrode layer which are stacked. The first electrode layer, the first transmission layer, the active layer, the second transmission layer and the second electrode layer realize the photoelectric conversion function of the solar cell. A focusing layer is arranged on at least one side of the battery cell, and the focusing layer includes a focusing structure, and the focusing structure has a convex surface away from the side of the active layer, that is, the convex surface of the focusing structure faces the light incident side of the battery cell, and external light can pass through the convex surface of the focusing structure and refract, and more light is gathered toward the active layer, and the energy of the light reaching the active layer is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar features and the accompanying drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0018] Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in another embodiment;

[0020] Figure 3is a partial top view of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment;

[0022] Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment.

[0023] Description of reference numerals:

[0024] 10. Solar cell modules;

[0025] 100. a first electrode layer;

[0026] 200, first transport layer;

[0027] 300, active layer;

[0028] 400, second transport layer;

[0029] 500, second electrode layer;

[0030] 600, light-collecting layer; 610, first light-collecting layer; 611, first light-collecting structure; 612, first convex surface; 620, second light-collecting layer; 621, second light-collecting structure; 622, second convex surface; 630, first light-transmitting protection portion; 640, second light-transmitting protection portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present application will be described in detail below. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present application and are not configured to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can be implemented without the need for some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present application by illustrating the examples of the present application.

[0032] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "include..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0033] It should be understood that when describing the structure of a component, when a layer or a region is referred to as being "on" or "over" another layer or another region, it may mean that it is directly on the other layer or another region, or that other layers or regions are included between it and the other layer or another region. Moreover, if the component is turned over, the layer or a region will be "below" or "beneath" another layer or another region.

[0034] The embodiments of the present application provide a solar cell assembly and a solar cell. The embodiments of the solar cell assembly and the solar cell are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0035] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the first embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell assembly 10, which includes: a battery unit, including a first electrode layer 100, a first transmission layer 200, an active layer 300, a second transmission layer 400 and a second electrode layer 500 stacked in sequence; at least one side of the battery unit is provided with a focusing layer 600, and the focusing layer 600 includes a focusing structure, and the focusing structure has a convex surface away from the side of the active layer 300.

[0037] According to the solar cell assembly 10 of the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell assembly 10 includes a first electrode layer 100, a first transmission layer 200, an active layer 300, a second transmission layer 400 and a second electrode layer 500 which are stacked. The first electrode layer 100, the first transmission layer 200, the active layer 300, the second transmission layer 400 and the second electrode layer 500 realize the photoelectric conversion function of the solar cell. A light-gathering layer 600 is arranged on at least one side of the battery unit, and the light-gathering layer 600 includes a light-gathering structure, and the light-gathering structure has a convex surface away from the side of the active layer 300, that is, the convex surface of the light-gathering structure faces the light-incident side of the battery unit, and external light can pass through the convex surface of the light-gathering structure and refract, and more light is gathered toward the active layer 300, and light at more angles can reach the active layer 300, and the energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell assembly 10.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the light-focusing layer 600 includes a first light-focusing layer 610 located on the side of the first electrode layer 100 away from the active layer 300, the first light-focusing layer 610 includes a first light-focusing structure 611, the first light-focusing structure 611 includes a first convex surface 612, and the first convex surface 612 faces the side away from the active layer 300.

[0039] In these optional embodiments, a first light-focusing layer 610 is disposed on the side of the first electrode layer 100 facing away from the active layer 300, and the first light-focusing structure 611 includes a first convex surface 612 facing the side away from the active layer 300. When the incident light on the side of the first electrode layer 100 reaches the first convex surface 612 of the first light-focusing structure 611, the light can be refracted at the first convex surface 612, and more light is gathered toward the active layer 300. The energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0040] Optionally, the material of the first light-focusing structure 611 includes glass, plastic or chemical crystal. For example, the material of the first light-focusing structure 611 is diamond.

[0041] In some optional embodiments, the first light-focusing structure 611 is a convex lens structure.

[0042] In these optional embodiments, the first light-focusing structure 611 of the convex lens structure refers to a structure in which the first light-focusing structure 611 is thicker in the center and thinner at the edges, similar to a convex lens. The first light-focusing structure 611 of the convex lens structure has a better light-focusing effect, that is, it can make more incident light be gathered toward the active layer 300 through the refraction of the first light-focusing structure 611, and the energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0043] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in another embodiment.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, there are one or more first light-focusing structures 611 .

[0045] In these optional embodiments, multiple first light-concentrating structures 611 may be arranged at intervals, or multiple first light-concentrating structures 611 may contact each other, which can increase the density of the first light-concentrating structures 611, so that more light can be gathered toward the active layer 300 through the refraction of the first light-concentrating structures 611, and the energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0046] Please also read Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 It is a partial top view of a solar cell assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some optional embodiments, a plurality of first light-focusing structures 611 are arranged side by side.

[0048] In these optional embodiments, multiple first light-focusing structures 611 are arranged side by side, which means that the multiple first light-focusing structures 611 are located in the same layer, and the orthographic projections of each first light-focusing structure 611 on the active layer 300 are spaced apart from each other, which can avoid the overlap of the orthographic projections of the multiple first light-focusing structures 611, which makes the same beam of light pass through the multiple first light-focusing structures 611 and undergo multiple refractions, resulting in the problem that the light is difficult to reach the active layer 300, thereby ensuring that the light can be gathered toward the active layer 300 through the refraction of the first light-focusing structures 611.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the first light-collecting layer 610 further includes a first transparent protective portion 630 , and the first light-collecting structure 611 is embedded in the first transparent protective portion 630 .

[0050] In these optional embodiments, the first transparent protection portion 630 is coated on the surface of the first light-concentrating structure 611 , which can protect the first light-concentrating structure 611 and prevent the first light-concentrating structure 611 from being exposed and prone to wear and corrosion.

[0051] Optionally, the material of the first transparent protection portion 630 includes a transparent organic material. For example, the material of the first transparent protection portion 630 is polycarbonate (PC for short).

[0052] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell module in yet another embodiment.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the light-focusing layer 600 includes a second light-focusing layer 620 located on the side of the second electrode layer 500 away from the active layer 300, the second light-focusing layer 620 includes a second light-focusing structure 621, the second light-focusing structure 621 includes a second convex surface 622, and the second convex surface 622 faces the side away from the active layer 300.

[0054] In these optional embodiments, a second light-focusing layer 620 is arranged on the side of the second electrode layer 500 facing away from the active layer 300, and the second light-focusing structure 621 includes a second convex surface 622 facing the side away from the active layer 300. When the incident light on the side of the second electrode layer 500 reaches the second convex surface 622 of the second light-focusing structure 621, the light can be refracted at the second convex surface 622, and more light is gathered toward the active layer 300. The energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0055] Optionally, the material of the second light-focusing structure 621 includes glass, plastic or chemical crystal. For example, the material of the second light-focusing structure 621 is diamond.

[0056] In some optional embodiments, the second light-focusing structure 621 is a convex lens structure.

[0057] In these optional embodiments, the second light-focusing structure 621 of the convex lens structure refers to a structure in which the second light-focusing structure 621 is thicker in the center and thinner at the edges, similar to a convex lens. The second light-focusing structure 621 of the convex lens structure has a better light-focusing effect, that is, it can make more incident light be gathered toward the active layer 300 through the refraction of the second light-focusing structure 621, and the energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0058] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the second light-focusing structure 621 is one or more.

[0059] In these optional embodiments, multiple second light-concentrating structures 621 may be arranged at intervals, or multiple second light-concentrating structures 621 may contact each other, which can increase the density of the second light-concentrating structures 621, so that more light can be gathered toward the active layer 300 through the refraction of the second light-concentrating structures 621, and the energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0060] In some optional embodiments, a plurality of second light-focusing structures 621 are arranged side by side.

[0061] In these optional embodiments, multiple second light-focusing structures 621 are arranged side by side, which means that the multiple second light-focusing structures 621 are located in the same layer, and the orthographic projections of each second light-focusing structure 621 on the active layer 300 are spaced apart from each other, which can avoid the overlap of the orthographic projections of the multiple second light-focusing structures 621, so that the same beam of light passes through the multiple second light-focusing structures 621 and undergoes multiple refractions, resulting in the problem that the light is difficult to reach the active layer 300, thereby ensuring that the light can be gathered toward the active layer 300 through the refraction of the second light-focusing structures 621.

[0062] In some optional embodiments, the second light-focusing layer 620 further includes a second transparent protective portion 640 , and the second light-focusing structure 621 is embedded in the second transparent protective portion 640 .

[0063] In these optional embodiments, the second transparent protection portion 640 is coated on the surface of the second light-concentrating structure 621 , which can protect the second light-concentrating structure 621 and prevent the second light-concentrating structure 621 from being exposed and prone to wear and corrosion.

[0064] Optionally, the material of the second transparent protection portion 640 includes a transparent organic material. For example, the material of the second transparent protection portion 640 is polycarbonate (PC for short).

[0065] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a solar cell assembly in yet another embodiment.

[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, optionally, the focusing layer 600 includes a first focusing layer 610 located on the side of the first electrode layer 100 away from the active layer 300 and a second focusing layer 620 located on the side of the second electrode layer 500 away from the active layer 300, so that the incident light on both sides of the battery unit can be refracted by the first focusing layer 610 and the second focusing layer 620 and gathered toward the active layer 300, so that the energy of the light reaching the active layer 300 is further increased, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module 10.

[0067] In some optional embodiments, the refractive index of the first light-concentrating structure 611 and / or the second light-concentrating structure 621 is 1-1.5, for example, the refractive index of the first light-concentrating structure 611 and / or the second light-concentrating structure 621 is 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, etc.

[0068] In these optional embodiments, the refractive index of the first light-focusing structure 611 and / or the second light-focusing structure 621 is 1 to 1.5, which can improve the problem that the incident light is difficult to converge onto the active layer 300 after being refracted by the first light-focusing structure 611 or the second light-focusing structure 621 due to the refractive index of the first light-focusing structure 611 and / or the second light-focusing structure 621 being too small or too large.

[0069] In some optional embodiments, the first electrode layer 100 is a positive electrode, the first transport layer 200 is a hole transport layer, the second transport layer 400 is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode layer 500 is a negative electrode.

[0070] In these optional embodiments, the first electrode layer 100 is a positive electrode, the first transport layer 200 is a hole transport layer, the second transport layer 400 is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode layer 500 is a negative electrode. That is, a solar cell module 10 with a trans-structure. When the solar cell module 10 is irradiated by sunlight, the active layer 300 absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs. Due to the difference in exciton binding energy of the active layer 300 materials, these carriers either become free carriers or form excitons. Moreover, because these active layer 300 materials often have a lower carrier recombination probability and a higher carrier mobility, the diffusion distance and life of the carriers are longer. Then, these uncombined electrons and holes are collected by the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, respectively, that is, the electrons are transported from the active layer 300 to the electron transport layer, and finally absorbed by the first electrode layer 100 or the second electrode layer 500; the holes are transported from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer, and finally collected by the first electrode layer 100 or the second electrode layer 500; the photocurrent is realized by connecting the circuit between the first electrode layer 100 and the second electrode layer 500. The first transport layer 200 is a hole transport layer, and the second transport layer 400 is an electron transport layer, then the electrons are transported from the active layer 300 to the second transport layer 400, and finally collected by the second electrode layer 500.

[0071] Optionally, the material of the first electrode layer 100 includes a transparent conductive material, and the transparent first electrode layer 100 serves as the light incident side of the solar cell assembly 10 , so that light can pass through the first electrode layer 100 and the first transmission layer 200 to reach the active layer 300 .

[0072] Optionally, the material of the first electrode layer 100 includes a transparent conductive oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), which has good light transmittance and conductivity.

[0073] Optionally, the material of the second electrode layer 500 includes conductive oxides or conductive metals or conductive carbon-based materials, such as Au, Ag, Cu, Cr, Al, ITO, FTO, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc. Conductive oxides or conductive metals have good conductivity, and conductive carbon-based materials have lower cost.

[0074] Optionally, the material of the active layer 300 includes a perovskite material. The general chemical formula of the perovskite active layer 300 is ABX3, wherein A is a monovalent metal cation or an organic cation, which can be selected from at least one of CH3NH3, C4H9NH3, NH2=CHNH2, and Cs; B is a divalent metal cation, which can be selected from at least one of Pb and Sn; X - is a monovalent anion, which can be selected from Cl - Br - or I - Halogen ions, SCN - At least one or more of the pseudo-halogen ions, such as multiple X ions, whose total ratio satisfies the general chemical formula of the perovskite active layer 300. For example, one or more of CsPbI3, CsPbI2Br, CsPbIBr2, CsPbBr3, CsSnI3, or organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, such as one or more of FAPbI3, MAPbI3, FAPbBr3, MAPbBr3, or multi-system organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskites, such as Cs 0.05 FA 0.9 MA 0.05 Pb(I 0.95 Br 0.05 )3. Cs 0.05 FA 0.95 One or more of PbI3.

[0075] The structural design in this embodiment can be applied to other solar cell modules 10 , and the specific selection can be made according to actual conditions, and this application does not impose any specific restrictions on it.

[0076] The embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a solar cell, which includes the solar cell assembly 10 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. Since the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application includes the solar cell assembly 10 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application has the beneficial effects of the solar cell assembly 10 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0077] According to the embodiments described above, these embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made based on the above description. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can make good use of the present application and the modifications based on the present application. The present application is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A solar cell module, characterized in that: include: A battery cell, comprising a first electrode layer, a first transmission layer, an active layer, a second transmission layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence; A light-concentrating layer is disposed on at least one side of the battery unit. The light-concentrating layer includes a light-concentrating structure. The light-concentrating structure has a convex surface away from one side of the active layer.

2. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-concentrating layer includes a first light-concentrating layer located on a side of the first electrode layer away from the active layer. The first light-concentrating layer includes a first light-concentrating structure. The first light-concentrating structure includes a first convex surface. The first convex surface faces a side away from the active layer.

3. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first light-focusing structure is a convex lens structure.

4. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the first light-focusing structures is one or more.

5. The solar cell assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first light-collecting layer further includes a first transparent protection portion, and the first light-collecting structure is embedded in the first transparent protection portion.

6. The solar cell assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-concentrating layer includes a second light-concentrating layer located on a side of the second electrode layer away from the active layer. The second light-concentrating layer includes a second light-concentrating structure. The second light-concentrating structure includes a second convex surface. The second convex surface faces a side away from the active layer.

7. The solar cell assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second light-focusing structure is a convex lens structure. The solar cell assembly according to claim 6 , wherein the number of the second light concentrating structures is one or more.

9. The solar cell assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second light-focusing layer further includes a second transparent protection portion, and the second light-focusing structure is embedded in the second transparent protection portion.

10. A solar cell, characterized in that: A solar cell module comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

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