Ectopic aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic module ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a heating element and a condensation separator, the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pyrolysis chamber and an oxidation chamber, and the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a feed port, a solid slag discharge port and an air inlet which are communicated with the interior of the pyrolysis chamber; the pyrolyzing furnace is further provided with a smoke exhaust port and an oxygen carrier adding port which are communicated with the interior of the oxidizing chamber, the pyrolyzing chamber and the oxidizing chamber are communicated with each other, the heating piece is used for heating the pyrolyzing furnace, an air inlet of the condensation separator is communicated with the smoke exhaust port, and an air outlet of the condensation separator is communicated with the air inlet through a three-way piece; the other connector of the three-way piece is used for introducing air, the air outlet of the condensation separator is further communicated with an exhaust pipe, an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, the structure is simple, and smoke can be fully oxidized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, and in particular relates to an ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] The main methods of treating waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are traditional incineration and chemical dissolution, but these methods have obvious defects. First, the incineration treatment method has the problems of high energy consumption and severe environmental pollution. Since waste photovoltaic modules may contain harmful substances, the waste gas and waste residue released during the incineration process will cause significant harm to the environment and human health. Secondly, although chemical dissolution can achieve the decomposition of modules, its underlying mechanism is complex, the operating cost is high, and there are certain difficulties in the treatment of waste liquid, which is easy to cause environmental pollution. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the utility model is to provide an ex situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, which has little pollution and can upgrade the quality of the pyrolysis products.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: a waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic module ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system, comprising a pyrolysis furnace, a heating element and a condensation separator, the pyrolysis furnace having a pyrolysis chamber and an oxidation chamber, the pyrolysis furnace having a feed inlet, a solid slag discharge outlet and an air inlet connected to the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis furnace also having a flue gas discharge outlet and an oxygen carrier addition inlet connected to the oxidation chamber, and the pyrolysis chamber and the oxidation chamber are connected to each other, the heating element is used to heat the pyrolysis furnace, the air inlet of the condensation separator is connected to the flue gas discharge outlet, and the air outlet of the condensation separator is connected to the The air inlet is connected through a tee, and the remaining interface of the tee is used to let in air. The air outlet of the condensation separator is also connected to an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is provided with an exhaust valve. The feed inlet is used to add scraps of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules into the pyrolysis chamber. The flue gas generated by pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber is oxidized in the oxidation chamber and finally discharged to the condensation separator through the flue gas exhaust port. The condensation separator is used to condense the flue gas and separate the liquid components therein. The exhaust gas discharged from the condensation separator is mixed with air and refluxed to the pyrolysis chamber to dilute the air, or discharged through the exhaust pipe.

[0005] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that by arranging an oxidation chamber above the pyrolysis chamber and arranging an oxygen carrier in the oxidation chamber, the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are placed in the pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis after being crushed, and the flue gas at the pyrolysis site will overflow into the oxidation chamber, and some components in the flue gas will be fully oxidized into olefins, alkanes and acids in the oxidation chamber, and finally discharged into the condensation separator for condensation and gas-liquid separation, wherein olefins, alkanes and acids are discharged in liquid form in the condensation separator, and the exhaust gas continues to be discharged from the outlet of the condensation separator in gaseous form. When air is introduced into the tee, the exhaust gas introduced into the tee at this time will dilute the air. At this time, part of the air introduced into the pyrolysis furnace participates in pyrolysis combustion, and the other part participates in the re-oxidation of the reduced oxygen carrier to restore its oxidizability. When air is not introduced into the tee, the exhaust valve can be opened to discharge the exhaust gas from the exhaust pipe.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the oxidation chamber is located at the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber, and the two are separated and connected by a grate plate made of ceramic material.

[0007] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the flue gas in the pyrolysis chamber directly passes through the grate plate and permeates upward through the oxygen carrier layer on the grate plate, wherein some components in the flue gas are fully oxidized by the oxygen carrier layer into olefins, alkanes and acids.

[0008] The heating element in the above technical solution is a combustion furnace wrapped outside the pyrolysis furnace.

[0009] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it has a good heating effect.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the air inlet is connected to the three-way piece through a heat exchange tube, and the heat exchange tube is heated by the heating element to preheat the exhaust gas and air therein.

[0011] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the tail gas can be preheated after being mixed with air and then sent into the pyrolysis chamber, which can avoid the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber being reduced due to the mixture of tail gas and air.

[0012] The heating element in the above technical solution is an electric heating coil arranged on the pyrolysis furnace.

[0013] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it has a good heating effect.

[0014] The above technical solution also includes a fan, and the air outlet of the fan and the air outlet of the condensation separator are respectively connected to the remaining interfaces of the three-way piece.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the air in the pyrolysis chamber is supplied by the fan.

[0016] In the above technical solution, valves and flow meters are respectively arranged at the connection points between the air outlet of the fan and the air outlet of the condensation separator and the three-way piece.

[0017] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the supply of air and the supply of exhaust gas can be proportioned respectively, and the gas circuit can be disconnected by a valve in an emergency.

[0018] The above technical solution also includes a crushing device, the crushing outlet of the crushing device is connected to the feed inlet, and the crushing device is used to crush the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.

[0019] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that its structure is simple, so that the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be crushed on site and discharged into the pyrolysis chamber in time for pyrolysis treatment.

[0020] The above technical solution also includes a screw conveyor, and the crushed material outlet of the crushing device is connected to the feed port through the screw conveyor.

[0021] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that it allows unimpeded material supply between the pulverizing device and the pyrolysis chamber.

[0022] The discharge end of the screw conveyor in the above technical solution extends through the feed port to the middle of the pyrolysis chamber.

[0023] The beneficial effect of the above technical solution is that the broken materials of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be piled more evenly in the pyrolysis chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules described in Example 1 of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the system for ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules when two grate plates are provided in Example 1 of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules when a heat exchange ring is provided in Example 1 of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules when the heating element in Example 2 of the utility model is an electric heating coil.

[0028] In the figure: 1. pyrolysis furnace; 11. pyrolysis chamber; 111. feed inlet; 112. solid slag outlet; 113. air inlet; 12. oxidation chamber; 121. flue gas outlet; 122. oxygen carrier inlet; 13. grate plate; 2. heating element; 3. condensation separator; 31. exhaust pipe; 32. exhaust valve; 4. tee; 41. heat exchange tube; 5. fan; 51. valve; 52. flow meter; 6. crushing device; 7. screw conveyor; 8. crushed material layer; 9. oxygen carrier layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. According to the following description and claims, the advantages and features of the present invention will be more clearly described. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and are not in precise proportions, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides an ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, comprising a pyrolysis furnace 1, a heating element 2 and a condensation separator 3, wherein the pyrolysis furnace 1 has a pyrolysis chamber 11 and an oxidation chamber 12, wherein the pyrolysis furnace 1 has a feed inlet 111, a solid slag discharge outlet 112 and an air inlet 113 connected to the pyrolysis chamber 11, and the pyrolysis furnace 1 also has a flue gas discharge outlet 121 and an oxygen carrier addition inlet 122 connected to the oxidation chamber 12, and the pyrolysis chamber 11 and the oxidation chamber 12 are connected to each other, and the heating element 2 is used to condense the The pyrolysis furnace 1 is heated, the air inlet of the condensation separator 3 is connected to the flue gas outlet 121, the air outlet of the condensation separator 3 is connected to the air inlet 113 through a tee 4, the remaining interface of the tee 4 is used to let in air, the air outlet of the condensation separator 3 is also connected to an exhaust pipe 31, and the exhaust pipe 31 is provided with an exhaust valve 32, the feed inlet 111 is used to add the scraps of the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic module into the pyrolysis chamber 11, and the flue gas generated by the pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber 11 is oxidized in the oxidation chamber 12 and finally discharged through the flue gas outlet 113. The exhaust port 121 is discharged to the condensation separator 3, and the condensation separator 3 is used to condense the flue gas and separate the liquid components therein. The tail gas discharged from the condensation separator 3 is mixed with the air and refluxed to the pyrolysis chamber 11 to dilute the air, or discharged through the exhaust pipe 31. By arranging an oxidation chamber above the pyrolysis chamber and arranging an oxygen carrier in the oxidation chamber, the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic module is placed in the pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis after being crushed, and the flue gas at the pyrolysis place will overflow into the oxidation chamber, and some components in the flue gas will be fully oxidized in the oxidation chamber. The olefins, alkanes and acids are finally discharged into the condensation separator for condensation and gas-liquid separation, wherein the olefins, alkanes and acids are discharged in the condensation separator in liquid state, and the tail gas continues to be discharged from the outlet of the condensation separator in gaseous state. When air is introduced into the tee, the tail gas introduced into the tee at the same time will dilute the air. At this time, part of the air introduced into the pyrolysis furnace participates in the pyrolysis combustion, and the other part participates in the re-oxidation of the reduced oxygen carrier to restore its oxidizability. When no air is introduced into the tee, the exhaust valve can be opened to discharge the tail gas through the exhaust pipe.

[0032] In the above technical solution, the oxidation chamber 12 is located at the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber 11, and the two are separated and connected by a grate plate 13 made of ceramic material, so that the flue gas in the pyrolysis chamber directly passes through the grate plate and penetrates upward through the oxygen carrier layer on the grate plate, wherein some components in the flue gas will be fully oxidized into olefins, alkanes and acids by the oxygen carrier layer.

[0033] In this embodiment, the oxygen carrier layer is iron oxide slag, which is used to fully oxidize the oxidizable components of the flue gas (thereby achieving quality improvement), and is itself reduced. The reduced oxygen carrier will be oxidized again in the air atmosphere to restore its oxidation performance, ensuring that the oxygen carrier can be reused in the oxidation chamber. In addition, the oxygen carrier is filled on the upper end of the grate plate to form an oxygen carrier layer, ensuring that the flue gas will fully contact the oxygen carrier layer when flowing upward into the oxidation chamber.

[0034] Preferably, Figure 2 As shown, the lower end of the pyrolysis furnace in this embodiment can be trumpet-shaped, and the lower end of the pyrolysis furnace can be a solid slag discharge outlet (a gate valve can be provided at the solid slag discharge outlet, and the gate valve can be opened when discharging slag in the ash falling chamber). Further preferably, a grate plate can be further provided in the middle of the pyrolysis chamber to divide the pyrolysis chamber into a main pyrolysis chamber located above and an ash falling chamber located below, and the solid slag discharge outlet is connected to the ash falling chamber; further preferably, the air inlet can be connected to the side wall of the ash falling chamber, and the feed port is connected to the side wall of the main pyrolysis chamber. At this time, the crushed material layer (crushed material of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules) is accumulated in the main pyrolysis chamber, and the air in the main pyrolysis chamber is introduced into the ash falling chamber, which can improve the contact efficiency between the crushed material layer and the air, thereby improving the pyrolysis effect, and the air that does not fully participate in the pyrolysis reaction will enter the oxidation chamber to undergo an oxidation reaction with the reduced oxygen carrier in the oxidation chamber, so that the oxygen carrier is re-oxidized (to restore its oxidizability). At this point, it can be understood that the inner cavity of the pyrolysis furnace is divided by two grate plates spaced apart from each other into an oxidation chamber, a main pyrolysis chamber and an ash falling chamber which are sequentially distributed and interconnected along the upper and lower sides (since the grate plates are evenly distributed with grille holes, the three are interconnected).

[0035] In this embodiment, the flue gas exhaust port 121 and the oxygen carrier inlet 122 are both arranged at the upper end of the pyrolysis furnace. The oxygen carrier inlet 122 can be similar to a manhole, which is equipped with a blind plate to be normally closed. The oxygen carrier layer is replaced only after the oxygen carrier in the oxidation chamber loses its oxidation activity.

[0036] The heating element 2 in the above technical solution is a combustion furnace wrapped outside the pyrolysis furnace 1, and its heating effect is good. The combustion furnace can be wrapped outside the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace 1 (there is an annular combustion chamber between the combustion furnace and the pyrolysis furnace, and fuel is burned in the combustion chamber to heat the pyrolysis furnace, that is, the heating element is an annular combustion furnace, which belongs to the prior art and will not be described here).

[0037] like Figure 3As shown, in the above technical solution, the air inlet 113 is connected to the three-way piece 4 through the heat exchange tube 41, and the heat exchange tube 41 is heated by the heating element 2 to preheat the exhaust gas and air therein, so that the exhaust gas can be preheated after being mixed with the air and then sent into the pyrolysis chamber, which can avoid the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber being reduced due to the mixture of exhaust gas and air.

[0038] In this embodiment, the three-way piece can be a Venturi mixing injector (in this case, its bypass interface is connected to the air outlet of the condensation separator), so that the air can inhale the exhaust gas during injection and enter the ash falling chamber after being fully mixed with the exhaust gas.

[0039] The above technical solution also includes a fan 5, the air outlet of the fan 5 and the air outlet of the condensation separator 3 are respectively connected to the remaining interface of the three-way piece 4, so that the air in the pyrolysis chamber is supplied by the fan.

[0040] In the above technical solution, a valve 51 and a flow meter 52 are respectively provided at the air outlet of the fan 5 and the connection point between the air outlet of the condensation separator 3 and the three-way piece 4, so that the air supply and the exhaust gas supply can be proportioned respectively, and the gas circuit can be disconnected by the valve in an emergency.

[0041] In this embodiment, the exhaust gas separated by the condensation separator is mixed with air and then recycled, so that the components in the exhaust gas that are not fully pyrolyzed or fully oxidized can be pyrolyzed and oxidized again, thereby ensuring the operating efficiency and environmental protection of the entire ex situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. Of course, when the pressure in the pyrolysis furnace rises to a level that affects the safety of the equipment, the exhaust valve can be opened to exhaust and reduce the pressure.

[0042] The above technical solution also includes a crushing device 6, the crushing outlet of the crushing device 6 is connected to the feed port 111, and the crushing device 6 is used to crush the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. The structure is simple, so that the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules can be crushed on site and discharged into the pyrolysis chamber in time for pyrolysis. The crushing device 6 can be a crushing device as disclosed in document number CN212040811U "A crushing device for waste photovoltaic modules". The crushing device in this embodiment can crush the silicon photovoltaic modules into fragments of 0.8-1.2dm.

[0043] The above technical solution also includes a screw conveyor 7, and the crushed material outlet of the crushing device 6 is connected to the feed port 111 through the screw conveyor 7, so that the material supply between the crushing device and the pyrolysis chamber is unobstructed. In this embodiment, a gate valve can also be provided at the crushed material outlet of the crushing device 6 and the feed end of the screw conveyor.

[0044] In the above technical solution, the discharge end of the screw conveyor 7 extends through the feed port 111 to the middle of the pyrolysis chamber 11, so that the broken materials of the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules are more evenly stacked in the pyrolysis chamber.

[0045] In this embodiment, the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is preferably 400-600°C, and the amount of air introduced into the pyrolysis furnace needs to be sufficient to ensure the pyrolysis needs in the pyrolysis chamber while also having a part to meet the needs of the reaction between the tail gas in the oxidation chamber and the oxygen carrier.

[0046] The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules described in this embodiment is operated in batches, that is, each time the material is added, the pyrolysis treatment is fully carried out before the next addition operation.

[0047] The flue gas described in this embodiment is the component discharged from the pyrolysis furnace through the flue gas exhaust port, and the tail gas refers to the gaseous component discharged through the outlet of the condensation separator. The exhaust valve described in this embodiment is in a normally closed state, and a pressure gauge for monitoring the internal pressure of the pyrolysis furnace may also be provided on the pyrolysis furnace. The exhaust valve is opened to release the pressure only when the pressure in the pyrolysis furnace rises to a level that affects the safe operation of the equipment.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Same as Example 1, except that Figure 4 As shown, the heating element 2 in the above technical solution is an electric heating coil arranged on the pyrolysis furnace 1, and has a good heating effect. Specifically, two heating elements are provided, and the two heating elements correspond to the two grate plates one by one. A heating element is attached to the lower end of each grate plate, and the heating element located at the upper end is used to heat the oxygen carrier layer, and the heating element located at the lower end is used to heat the crushed material layer. At this time, both ends of the heating element are sealed and passed through the outside of the pyrolysis furnace and are electrically connected to a power source.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model and does not limit the utility model in any form. Any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the utility model as shown in the drawings of the specification and described above. However, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with the profession without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the utility model using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the utility model. At the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the utility model are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims

1. A system for ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pyrolysis furnace (1), a heating element (2) and a condensation separator (3), wherein the pyrolysis furnace (1) comprises a pyrolysis chamber (11) and an oxidation chamber (12), wherein the pyrolysis furnace (1) comprises a feed port (111), a solid slag discharge port (112) and an air inlet (113) which are connected to the pyrolysis chamber (11), and the pyrolysis furnace (1) also comprises a flue gas discharge port (121) and an oxygen carrier addition port (122) which are connected to the oxidation chamber (12), and the pyrolysis chamber (11) and the oxidation chamber (12) are connected to each other, wherein the heating element (2) is used to heat the pyrolysis furnace (1), wherein the air inlet of the condensation separator (3) is connected to the flue gas discharge port (121), and the air outlet of the condensation separator (3) is connected to the air inlet (113) through three channels. The tee piece (4) is connected, and the remaining interface of the tee piece (4) is used to let in air. The air outlet of the condensation separator (3) is also connected to an exhaust pipe (31), and the exhaust pipe (31) is provided with an exhaust valve (32). The feed inlet (111) is used to add scraps of waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules into the pyrolysis chamber (11). The flue gas generated by pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber (11) is oxidized in the oxidation chamber (12) and finally discharged to the condensation separator (3) through the flue gas outlet (121). The condensation separator (3) is used to condense the flue gas and separate the liquid components therein. The exhaust gas discharged from the condensation separator (3) is mixed with air and refluxed to the pyrolysis chamber (11) to dilute the air, or discharged through the exhaust pipe (31).

2. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The oxidation chamber (12) is located at the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber (11), and the two are separated and connected by a grate plate (13) made of ceramic material.

3. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating element (2) is a combustion furnace wrapped outside the pyrolysis furnace (1).

4. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The air inlet (113) is connected to the three-way piece (4) via a heat exchange pipe (41), and the heat exchange pipe (41) is heated by the heating element (2) to preheat the exhaust gas and air therein.

5. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The heating element (2) is an electric heating coil installed on the pyrolysis furnace (1).

6. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a fan (5), the air outlet of the fan (5) and the air outlet of the condensation separator (3) being respectively connected to the remaining interface of the three-way piece (4).

7. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 6, characterized in that: A valve (51) and a flow meter (52) are respectively provided at the air outlet of the fan (5) and the connection point between the air outlet of the condensation separator (3) and the three-way piece (4).

8. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and upgrading system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also comprises a crushing device (6), the crushing material outlet of the crushing device (6) is connected to the feed port (111), and the crushing device (6) is used to crush the waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules.

9. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also comprises a screw conveyor (7), and the crushed material outlet of the crushing device (6) is connected to the feed port (111) through the screw conveyor (7).

10. The ex-situ aerobic pyrolysis treatment and quality improvement system for waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules according to claim 9, characterized in that: The discharge end of the screw conveyor (7) extends through the feed port (111) to the middle of the pyrolysis chamber (11).

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