Small furrow irrigation simulation experiment device capable of being placed on experiment table

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small furrow irrigation simulation experiment device capable of being placed on an experiment table in the field of agricultural water conservancy, which comprises a water supply device, the water supply device comprises a water supply tank and an air inlet pipe, the water supply tank is connected with a height-adjustable furrow irrigation device through a water supply pipeline, and the furrow irrigation device comprises a soil tank and a balance water tank. A small drainage gate is arranged at the joint of the soil tank and the balanced reservoir, a baffle inclined towards the small drainage gate is arranged in the soil tank and filled with experimental soil, a plurality of through holes are formed in the baffle and used for discharging water, the experimental soil forms an irrigation ditch under separation of the baffle, and the cross section of the irrigation ditch is of a half-V-shaped structure. The water level in the balanced reservoir is always flush with the lower opening of the air inlet pipe, and the volume of the water body on the weir in the balanced reservoir is 3.6-7.2 times of the volume of the water body in the irrigation ditch. According to the utility model, the fixed water head water supply furrow irrigation process can be simulated in a laboratory, and an experimenter can be helped to understand the furrow irrigation characteristics and understand the soil moisture movement rule under the furrow irrigation condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural water conservancy, and particularly relates to a small-scale ditch irrigation simulation experimental device which can be placed on an experimental table. Background Art

[0002] Furrow irrigation is one of the main irrigation methods for wide-row crops and some vegetables. In order to ensure uniform irrigation, it is necessary to determine the irrigation technical elements of furrow irrigation through experiments, namely the spacing, length, flow rate into the furrows and the time of water release. Furrow irrigation field experiments require not only a large enough field and supporting irrigation and drainage facilities, but also a long enough time. At present, the furrow irrigation experiment of "Irrigation Drainage Engineering" ("Farmland Water Conservancy" or "Agricultural Water Conservancy") for undergraduate students is generally only 2 class hours, and it is usually impossible to conduct a complete field experiment. It can only be done through indoor simulation experiments to help experimenters understand the characteristics of furrow irrigation and the movement of soil water under furrow irrigation conditions. The current indoor soil trough simulation furrow irrigation experimental device has the following problems in practice due to the large volume of the soil trough (at least 80cm*70cm*20cm): 1) The large volume requires a large laboratory space; 2) Water needs to be added manually to establish the initial water head, and because the volume of the soil trough is large, a large water tank or a water exchange tank is required to maintain the irrigation ditch water head after the experiment begins, which is not only inconvenient to operate and control, but also will cause certain errors if a water exchange tank is used. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to provide a small-sized furrow irrigation simulation experimental device which can be placed on an experimental table and has the advantages of small volume and no need to manually add water to establish an initial water head.

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is achieved as follows: a small-scale ditch irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a test bench comprises a water supply device, the water supply device comprises a water supply tank and an air inlet pipe, the water supply tank is connected to a height-adjustable ditch irrigation device through a water supply pipeline, the ditch irrigation device comprises a soil trough and a balancing water tank, a small water discharge gate is provided at the connection between the soil trough and the balancing water tank, a baffle inclined toward the small water discharge gate is provided in the soil trough and filled with experimental soil, a plurality of through holes are provided on the baffle for water seepage, the experimental soil forms an irrigation ditch under the baffle of the baffle, the cross section of the irrigation ditch is a semi-right-angle V-shaped structure, the water level in the balancing water tank is always kept flush with the lower opening of the air inlet pipe, and the volume of water on the weir in the balancing water tank is 3.6 to 7.2 times the volume of water in the irrigation ditch.

[0005] When the utility model is used, the water supply tank discharges water to the balancing water tank through the water supply pipeline. According to the Martens flask constant head water supply principle, the water level in the balancing water tank is always kept flush with the lower opening of the air inlet pipe in the water supply tank. Then, the small water discharge gate of the balancing water tank is opened. Because the volume of the water body on the weir in the balancing water tank is 3.6 to 7.2 times the volume of the water body in the irrigation ditch (the water depth in the irrigation ditch is usually 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the depth of the irrigation ditch), once the experimental small gate is opened, the initial water head flush with the lower opening of the air inlet pipe can be immediately established in the irrigation ditch, and the constant water head can be maintained, so that the water depth of the irrigation ditch remains unchanged while the soil in the soil trough is irrigated. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the baffle can be made into an integral whole with the soil trough or can be independent. Since the soil wetting state on both sides of the irrigation ditch is symmetrical, the irrigation ditch adopts a semi-right-angle V-shaped structure, which can reduce the size of the soil trough and prevent the experimental soil from being eroded, thereby ensuring the uniformity of irrigation in the experiment; the device adopts a balancing water tank with a small gate. Since the balancing water tank is larger in volume than the irrigation ditch, the initial water head can be instantly established by opening the small gate (and the water head can always be kept constant), without the need for manual water addition, thus avoiding manual operation errors of the experimenters and improving the accuracy of the experiment.

[0006] As a further improvement of the utility model, a plurality of through holes are distributed on the baffle in a plum blossom shape. This distribution method can improve the irrigation efficiency.

[0007] As a further improvement of the utility model, the water supply device further comprises a bracket, the water supply tank is detachably arranged on the bracket, a water inlet is provided on the top of the water supply tank, a rubber plug is provided corresponding to the water inlet, and the air inlet pipe is fixed on the rubber plug. After the experiment is over, the water supply tank can be removed, and the rubber plug can be pulled out to clean the water tank.

[0008] As a further improvement of the utility model, the bracket includes a bottom plate and a vertical plate arranged perpendicular to each other, a support plate is arranged between the vertical plate and the bottom plate, a hook is arranged on the vertical plate for fixing the water supply tank, a balancing gasket is arranged between the water supply tank and the vertical plate, and four symmetrically distributed anti-slip support feet are arranged on the lower side of the bottom plate. The support plate is used to reinforce and ensure the balance of the bracket itself, and the balancing gasket is used to ensure the levelness of the water supply tank.

[0009] As a further improvement of the utility model, the soil trough includes two L-shaped side panels corresponding to each other and two rectangular side panels corresponding to each other, the inner wall of the L-shaped side panel is provided with a support seat, and the two support seats are provided with a movable plate that can be inserted and pulled out, and the movable plate is covered with drainage holes, and a water receiving tray is provided under the corresponding movable plate, and the water receiving tray is slidably connected to the inner wall of the two L-shaped side panels, and two adjustable supporting feet are provided at the bottom of the L-shaped side panel. The movable plate that can be inserted and pulled out facilitates the cleaning of the experimental soil in the soil trough after the experiment is completed; the adjustable supporting feet are used to adjust the water depth of the irrigation ditch according to the experimental requirements (it can be leveled with a level meter).

[0010] As a further improvement of the utility model, the L-shaped side panels, rectangular side panels, water supply tank and balance tank are all made of transparent organic glass, and the baffle is made of hard plastic. Through the organic glass, the expansion process of the wetting front can be directly observed and the change curve of the wetting front over time can be drawn on the glass plate.

[0011] As a further improvement of the utility model, the water supply tank is provided with a first scale along its height direction, and the balance tank is provided with a second scale along its height direction, so as to facilitate the experimenter to read the water depth data.

[0012] As a further improvement of the utility model, the water supply pipeline includes a water supply transverse pipe and a valve, and the valve is arranged at one end of the water supply transverse pipe close to the water supply tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 It is a top view of the utility model.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a side view of the water supply device of the utility model.

[0016] Figure 4 It is a front view of the furrow irrigation device of the utility model.

[0017] Among them, 1 water supply device, 101 bracket, 101a bottom plate, 101b vertical plate, 101c support plate, 101d hook, 101e balancing gasket, 101f anti-slip support foot, 102 water supply tank, 103 air inlet pipe, 104 water filling port, 105 rubber plug, 106 scale one, 2 water supply pipeline, 201 water supply horizontal pipe, 202 valve one, 3 ditch irrigation device, 301 soil trough, 301a L-shaped side plate, 301b rectangular side plate, 301c support seat, 301d movable plate, 301e water receiving tray, 302 balancing water tank, 303 small water discharge gate, 304 baffle, 305 adjustable support foot, 306 scale two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, a small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a test bench includes a water supply device 1 with a size of 10 cm to 18 cm (length) × 40 cm to 48 cm (height) × 10 cm to 12 cm (width). The water supply device 1 includes a bracket 101, a water supply tank 102, and an air inlet pipe 103. The water supply tank 102 has a size of 17 cm (depth) × 5 cm (net width) × 7 to 15 cm (net length). The water supply tank 102 is detachably arranged on the bracket 101. The top of the water supply tank 102 is opened. A water inlet 104 with a diameter of about 2.5 cm is provided, a rubber plug 105 is provided at the corresponding water inlet 104, and an air inlet pipe 103 is fixed on the rubber plug 105; the water supply tank 102 is connected to the height-adjustable ditch irrigation device 3 through a water supply pipeline 2; the water supply pipeline 2 includes a water supply horizontal pipe 201 and a valve 1 202, and the valve 1 202 is arranged at one end of the water supply horizontal pipe 201 close to the water supply tank 102; the size of the ditch irrigation device 3 is 8 cm~15 cm (net length, excluding material thickness) × 24 cm~32 cm The soil trough 301 is sized at 8-15 cm (net length) × 16-20 cm (net depth) × 4 cm (net width), and the balancing water tank 302 is sized at 3 cm (net depth) × 2 cm (net width) × 3 cm (net length). A small gate 303 for draining water is provided at the connection between the soil trough 301 and the balancing water tank 302. A retaining gate 303 is provided in the soil trough 301, and a retaining gate 303 is provided in an inclined shape. The plate 304 is filled with experimental soil, which is homogeneous and inhomogeneous soil. The soil must be filled and compacted in layers to ensure that the design requirements are met. A number of through holes distributed in a plum blossom shape are opened on the baffle 304 for water discharge. The experimental soil forms an irrigation ditch under the baffle of the baffle 304. The cross-section of the irrigation ditch is a semi-right-angle V-shaped structure with a height of 1 cm and a width of 1 cm. The water level in the balancing water tank 302 is always kept flush with the lower mouth of the air inlet pipe 103, and the volume of water above the weir in the balancing water tank 302 is 3.6~7.2 times the volume of water in the irrigation ditch.

[0019] In this embodiment, the bracket 101 includes a bottom plate 101a and a vertical plate 101b which are arranged perpendicular to each other, a support plate 101c is arranged between the vertical plate 101b and the bottom plate 101a, a hook 101d is arranged on the vertical plate 101b for fixing the water supply tank 102, a balancing gasket 101e is arranged between the water supply tank 102 and the vertical plate 101b, and four anti-slip support feet 101f which are symmetrically distributed are arranged on the lower side of the bottom plate 101a. Preferably, the water supply tank 102 is made of transparent organic glass, and a scale 106 is arranged along its height direction, see Figure 3 .

[0020] The soil trough 301 includes two L-shaped side panels 301a arranged corresponding to each other and two rectangular side panels 301b arranged corresponding to each other. A support seat 301c is arranged on the inner wall of the L-shaped side panel 301a, and a movable plate 301d that can be inserted and pulled is arranged on the two support seats 301c. The movable plate 301d is covered with drainage holes, and a water receiving tray 301e is arranged below the corresponding movable plate 301d. The bottom of the water receiving tray 301e is slidably connected to the inner walls of the two L-shaped side panels 301a, and a drainage pipe and a valve 2 are arranged on the side. Two adjustable supporting feet 305 are arranged at the bottom of each L-shaped side panel 301a; the L-shaped side panel 301a, the rectangular side panel 301b and the balancing water tank 302 are all made of transparent organic glass, and the baffle 304 is made of hard plastic; the balancing water tank 302 is provided with a scale 2 306 along its height direction, see Figure 4 .

[0021] When the utility model is used, first open valve 1 202 to release water into the balancing water tank 302, and then open the small water release gate 303 to establish an initial water head in the irrigation ditch, and keep a constant water head all the time, so as to realize irrigation of the soil in the soil trough without changing the water depth of the irrigation ditch; the adjustable support foot 305 can be rotated according to the experimental requirements (which can be leveled with a level meter) to adjust the water depth of the irrigation ditch, and the specific water depth can be read by the scale 2 306 on the balancing water tank 302; the water receiving tray 301e can receive the excess water leaked through the movable plate 301d during the experiment, and the water can be discharged by opening valve 2; during the experiment, the personnel can directly observe the expansion process of the wet front through the glass side panel and can draw a curve of the change of the wet front over time on the glass side panel; after the experiment, the movable plate 301d and the water receiving tray 301e can be pulled out to carry out the soil replacement operation, and the side panel made of organic glass can easily erase the recorded data (self-adhesive transparent glass paper can also be used, which can be torn off after the experiment), providing convenience for the next experiment.

[0022] The advantages of the utility model are: the soil trough 301 is small in size, and after the experiment, the removable movable plate 301d can be pulled out (the water receiving tray 301e is taken out in advance), and the soil in the soil trough 301 can be cleaned and dried, so as to avoid the growth of green moss due to the long-term storage of wet soil in the soil trough, thereby avoiding the turbidity and discoloration of the side panels, and further ensuring the experimental effect; except for the supporting feet and the hook 101d, the remaining parts are made of hard plastic (L-shaped side panel 301a, rectangular side panel 301b, water supply tank 102 and balance tank 302 are transparent organic glass), with low production cost, simple process, and convenient mass production; the device is simple to operate, easy to replace soil, and easy to maintain, which can greatly improve the reuse rate of the equipment (easy to replace soil, easy to clean and maintain, and short experimental time) and use Efficiency (different soil qualities can be filled each time, and different irrigation depths can be set), which can reduce both the investment in experimental equipment and the maintenance cost; the experimental device occupies a small area (multiple devices can be configured according to the size of the laboratory), is easy to operate (even 1~2 people can complete the experiment), and a single experiment takes a short time, which is conducive to conducting group experiments in which everyone participates and everyone does it, and better cultivates students' inquiry and practical abilities; there are currently more than 70 colleges and universities in my country that have agricultural water conservancy engineering majors, and "Irrigation and Drainage Engineering" or "Agricultural Water Conservancy" ("Farmland Water Conservancy") is the main degree course of this major, and the soil water movement experiment under furrow irrigation conditions is one of the main experiments of this course. Therefore, this work has important practical value and broad application prospects.

[0023] The present utility model is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. On the basis of the technical solution disclosed in the present utility model, technicians in this field can make some substitutions and deformations to some technical features therein according to the disclosed technical content without creative labor, and these substitutions and deformations are all within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a test bench, comprising a water supply device, the water supply device comprising a water supply tank and an air inlet pipe, the water supply tank being connected to a height-adjustable furrow irrigation device through a water supply pipeline, characterized in that: The ditch irrigation device includes a soil trough and a balancing water tank. A small water discharge gate is provided at the connection between the soil trough and the balancing water tank. A baffle inclined toward the small water discharge gate is arranged in the soil trough and filled with experimental soil. A plurality of through holes are provided on the baffle for water discharge. The experimental soil forms an irrigation ditch under the baffle of the baffle. The cross section of the irrigation ditch is a semi-right-angle V-shaped structure. The water level in the balancing water tank is always kept flush with the lower opening of the air inlet pipe, and the volume of water above the weir in the balancing water tank is 3.6 to 7.2 times the volume of water in the irrigation ditch.

2. The small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a laboratory table according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of through holes are distributed on the baffle in a plum blossom shape.

3. The small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a laboratory table according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water supply device also includes a bracket, the water supply tank is detachably arranged on the bracket, a water inlet is opened on the top of the water supply tank, a rubber plug is arranged corresponding to the water inlet, and the air inlet pipe is fixed on the rubber plug.

4. The small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a laboratory table according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The bracket includes a bottom plate and a vertical plate which are vertically arranged to each other, a support plate is arranged between the vertical plate and the bottom plate, a hook is arranged on the vertical plate for fixing a water supply tank, a balancing gasket is arranged between the water supply tank and the vertical plate, and four anti-slip support feet which are symmetrically distributed are arranged on the lower side of the bottom plate.

5. The small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a laboratory table according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil trough includes two L-shaped side panels arranged corresponding to each other and two rectangular side panels arranged corresponding to each other. A support seat is arranged on the inner wall of the L-shaped side panel, and a movable plate that can be inserted and pulled out is arranged on the two support seats. The movable plate is covered with drainage holes, and a water receiving tray is arranged below the movable plate. The water receiving tray is slidably connected to the inner walls of the two L-shaped side panels, and two adjustable supporting feet are arranged at the bottom of the L-shaped side panel.

6. The small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a laboratory table according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The L-shaped side panels, the rectangular side panels, the water supply tank and the balancing water tank are all made of transparent organic glass, and the baffle is made of hard plastic.

7. The small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a laboratory table according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The water supply tank is provided with a first scale along its height direction, and the balancing water tank is provided with a second scale along its height direction.

8. The small-scale furrow irrigation simulation experimental device that can be placed on a laboratory table according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The water supply pipeline comprises a water supply transverse pipe and a valve, and the valve is arranged at one end of the water supply transverse pipe close to the water supply tank.

Images