Basement outer wall waterproof structure with two-sided formworks
By setting up multi-layer waterproof structures in different locations of the double-sided supporting formwork basement exterior wall, the problem of leakage in the existing technology has been solved, effectively preventing and controlling leakage, and significantly improving the waterproof effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422074338.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-26
AI Technical Summary
The waterproof structure of the existing double-sided supporting formwork basement exterior wall fails to effectively prevent and control the leakage of the basement exterior wall, resulting in the widespread cracking and leakage, causing great economic losses.
By reasonably setting different waterproof structures on the inner floor, outer floor, wall and cracked leakage, including drainage ditch, waterproof coil layer, polyurethane waterproof coating layer, steel plate water stop belt and grouting reinforcement materials, a multi-layer waterproof system is formed to prevent and control leakage.
Effectively prevent and control leakage of the exterior wall of the double-sided supporting formwork basement, avoid economic losses caused by leakage in the basement, and is suitable for treating stationary cracks and through-cutting cracks, significantly improving the waterproofing effect.
Smart Images
Figure CN222771534U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of construction, in particular to a double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure. Background Art
[0002] A large number of construction practices have shown that relying on concrete self-waterproofing and waterproofing membranes to solve the problem of basement cracking and leakage is a high probability event, and cracking and leakage are very common. The main leakage sites include exterior walls, post-casting strips, floors, roofs, etc., and corresponding plugging projects are required to plug basement leaks, which often cause economic losses ranging from 100,000 to 1 million. The most effective and economical way to treat basement leakage is to prevent leakage.
[0003] Compared with the single-sided formwork of the outer wall designed to be close to the supporting wall pile, the double-sided formwork basement outer wall means that there is enough space between the outer wall and the supporting wall, and formwork is set on both sides of the outer wall for concrete pouring, and the formwork is removed after completion. However, the waterproof structure of the double-sided formwork basement outer wall in the prior art has failed to effectively prevent and control the leakage of the basement outer wall. How to optimize the design and adopt scientific methods to avoid leakage of the double-sided formwork basement outer wall is an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the existing defects and provide a double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure, by reasonably arranging different waterproof structures at different positions such as the inner ground of the exterior wall, the outer ground of the exterior wall, the wall surface of the exterior wall, and the cracks and leakage of the exterior wall, effective prevention and control of cracks and leakage can be achieved.
[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure includes a basement floor and a basement exterior wall cast with self-waterproof concrete. The basement floor and the basement exterior wall and their accessory structures constitute an exterior wall inner ground waterproof structure, an exterior wall outer ground waterproof structure, an exterior wall surface waterproof structure and an exterior wall crack and leakage waterproof structure. The exterior wall inner ground waterproof structure includes a drainage ditch, the exterior wall outer ground waterproof structure includes a waterproof membrane layer, the exterior wall surface waterproof structure includes a waterproof coating layer made of polyurethane waterproof coating and lined with alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and the exterior wall crack and leakage waterproof structure includes a steel plate waterstop and grouting reinforcement material.
[0007] Among them, the ground waterproof structure on the inner side of the outer wall is provided with a concrete cushion layer, a bottom plate waterproof membrane, a basement floor, a drainage board and a ground layer in sequence from the bottom of the basement upward; it also includes a drainage ditch, the drainage ditch is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall of the basement and on the basement floor, the drainage board and the ground layer are laid to the inner side of the outer wall of the basement to leave a distance for the drainage ditch; the ground layer is slightly inclined toward the direction of the drainage ditch to allow drainage to enter the drainage ditch.
[0008] The ground waterproof structure outside the exterior wall includes a basement floor, a gray sand brick structure, a waterproof membrane layer, and a fine stone concrete protective layer. The gray sand brick structure is arranged on the inner side of the basement supporting wall piles; the waterproof membrane layer is arranged below, on the side, and above the basement floor outside the exterior wall, and at the connecting corner between the basement floor and the basement exterior wall. The membrane layer is multi-layered, and the multiple layers are overlapped and laid; the fine stone concrete protective layer is arranged on the waterproof membrane layer above the basement floor outside the exterior wall.
[0009] The exterior wall waterproof structure comprises an exterior wall of a basement, a screw, a first waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, a local microporous and hemp-surface waterproof mortar layer, a second waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, a foam plastic protective layer, and a plain soil backfill layer; the screw passes through the exterior wall of the basement, and at the screw hole on the surface of the exterior wall of the basement, the bright positive angle of the turning part of the screw head of the screw is a chamfered structure; the first waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, the local microporous and hemp-surface waterproof mortar layer, the second waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, the foam plastic protective layer, and the plain soil backfill layer are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside on the outer wall surface of the exterior wall of the basement, and the thickness of the second waterproof coating layer exceeds the thickness of the first waterproof coating layer.
[0010] Preferably, the first waterproof coating layer is composed of 1.0 mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth inside, and the second waterproof coating layer is composed of 2.0 mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth inside, which are arranged up to the top plate waterproof layer; the waterproof mortar layer is composed of polymer cement waterproof mortar, and the foam plastic protective layer is composed of 30 mm thick XPS extruded polystyrene foam plastic board.
[0011] When the basement is used as an electrical equipment room, the first waterproof coating layer is composed of a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating.
[0012] The waterproof structure for cracked and leaking exterior walls is implemented at locations where through cracks are found on the exterior walls of the basement. It includes a steel waterstop strip horizontally arranged along the exterior wall surface of the basement at the center of the through crack, an expansion rubber strip arranged at the junction of the steel waterstop strip and the through crack, and grouting reinforcement materials poured into the through crack. It also includes a waterproof membrane layer and a foam plastic protective layer arranged in sequence on the outer wall surface of the basement exterior wall.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0014] 1. Fully consider the cracking and leakage problems that may occur at various locations on the ground and walls inside and outside the basement exterior wall, and can effectively prevent and control the leakage of the double-sided formwork basement exterior wall, with strong operability;
[0015] 2. External wall waterproofing structure is suitable for treating all static cracks, that is, allowing fine cracks to fully develop and ensuring no leakage through the multi-layer waterproofing structure;
[0016] 3. Carry out grouting repairs on locations where through cracks are found during inspection, and reasonably set up leak-proof structures and protective structures to prevent the impact of through cracks on basement leakage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure of the utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure of the ground inside the exterior wall;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ground waterproof structure outside the exterior wall;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure of the exterior wall;
[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure at the cracked and leaking part of the exterior wall;
[0022] Explanations in the figure: 1. Ground waterproofing structure on the inner side of the exterior wall; 2. Ground waterproofing structure on the outer side of the exterior wall; 3. Waterproofing structure of the exterior wall; 4. Waterproofing structure at cracked and leaking locations on the exterior wall; 11. Drainage ditch; 12. Concrete cushion layer; 13. Floor waterproofing membrane; 14. Basement floor; 15. Drainage board; 16. Ground layer; 17. Exterior wall of basement; 21. Waterproofing membrane layer; 22. Gray sand brick structure; 23. Fine stone concrete protective layer; 31. Screw; 32. Screw head; 33. First waterproof coating layer; 34. Waterproof mortar layer; 35. Second waterproof coating layer; 36. Foam plastic protective layer; 37. Soil backfill layer; 41. Steel plate waterstop; 42. Expansion rubber strip; 43. Grouting reinforcement material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.
[0024] See also Figure 1-5 The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure disclosed in the utility model includes a basement floor 14 and a basement exterior wall 17 cast with self-waterproof concrete. The basement floor 14 and the basement exterior wall 17 and their accessory structures constitute an exterior wall inner ground waterproof structure 1, an exterior wall outer ground waterproof structure 2, an exterior wall surface waterproof structure 3 and an exterior wall crack and leakage waterproof structure 4. The exterior wall inner ground waterproof structure 1 includes a drainage ditch 11, the exterior wall outer ground waterproof structure 2 includes a waterproof coiled material layer 21, the exterior wall surface waterproof structure 3 includes waterproof coating layers 33 and 35 made of polyurethane waterproof coating, and the exterior wall crack and leakage waterproof structure 4 includes a steel plate waterstop 41 and a grouting reinforcement material 43.
[0025] See also Figure 2 The ground waterproof structure 1 on the inner side of the outer wall is provided with a concrete cushion layer 12, a bottom plate waterproofing membrane 13, a basement bottom plate 14, a drainage board 15 and a ground layer 16 in sequence from the bottom of the basement upward; it also includes a drainage ditch 11, the drainage ditch 11 is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall of the basement and on the basement bottom plate 14, the drainage board 15 and the ground layer 16 are laid to the inner side of the outer wall 17 of the basement to leave a distance for the drainage ditch 11; the ground layer 14 is slightly inclined toward the direction of the drainage ditch 11, so that the drainage enters the drainage ditch 11.
[0026] See also Figure 3 The ground waterproof structure 2 outside the exterior wall includes a basement floor 14, a gray sand brick structure 22, a waterproof roll material layer 21, and a fine stone concrete protective layer 23. The gray sand brick structure 22 is arranged on the inner side of the basement supporting wall pile; the waterproof roll material layer 21 is arranged below, on the side, above the basement floor 14 outside the exterior wall, and at the connecting corner between the basement floor 14 and the basement exterior wall 17. The waterproof roll material layer 21 is multi-layered, and the multiple layers are overlapped and laid; the fine stone concrete protective layer 23 is arranged on the waterproof roll material layer 21 above the basement floor 14 outside the exterior wall.
[0027] join Figure 4The exterior wall waterproof structure 3 includes a basement exterior wall 17, a screw 31, a first waterproof coating layer 33, a waterproof mortar layer 34, a second waterproof coating layer 35, a foam plastic protective layer 36, and a plain soil backfill layer 37; the screw 31 penetrates the basement exterior wall 17, and at the screw hole on the surface of the basement exterior wall 17, the screw head 32 of the screw 31 has a chamfered corner structure; the first waterproof coating layer 33, the waterproof mortar layer 34, the second waterproof coating layer 35, the foam plastic protective layer 36, and the plain soil backfill layer 37 are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside on the outer wall of the basement exterior wall, and the thickness of the second waterproof coating layer 35 exceeds the thickness of the first waterproof coating layer 31.
[0028] See also Figure 5 The waterproof structure 4 at the cracked and leaked location of the exterior wall is implemented at the location where a through crack is found on the exterior wall 17 of the basement. It includes a steel plate waterstop 41 horizontally arranged along the wall surface of the exterior wall 17 of the basement at the center of the through crack, an expansion rubber strip 42 arranged at the junction of the steel plate waterstop 41 and the through crack, and a grouting reinforcement material 43 poured into the through crack. It also includes a waterproof membrane layer 21 and a foam plastic protective layer 35 sequentially arranged on the outer wall surface of the exterior wall of the basement.
[0029] Example 1: There is no uneven settlement in the basement of a factory building. Although there is a sprinkler pipe for 24-hour maintenance, the outer wall still cracks, and the spacing between the through cracks is about 6m. This utility model is implemented for this project:
[0030] The inner side of the outer wall is provided with a concrete cushion layer, a bottom plate waterproofing membrane, a basement bottom plate, a drainage board and a ground layer in sequence from the bottom of the basement upwards, and a drainage ditch is provided between the ground layer and the outer wall;
[0031] On the ground outside the outer wall, a gray sand brick structure is set on the inner side of the basement support wall pile, with a specification of 120mm in width; the waterproof membrane layer is set below, on the side, on the top of the basement floor outside the outer wall and at the connecting corner between the basement floor and the basement outer wall, and the waterproof membrane is laid in multiple layers; a 100mm thick fine stone concrete protective layer is set on the waterproof membrane layer;
[0032] The exterior wall is provided with the first waterproof coating layer, waterproof mortar layer, second waterproof coating layer, foam plastic protective layer, and plain soil backfill layer in sequence from the inside to the outside. Specific implementation process:
[0033] The exterior wall formwork shall be removed more than 24 hours after the basement concrete is poured; the wall surface shall be cleaned and repaired, the screw holes shall be sealed, and the corners of the turning parts shall be chamfered; more than 7 days after the concrete is poured, a spray watering test shall be conducted to check for leakage; the first waterproof coating layer shall be added to the cracked and leaking places, using a 1.0mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating and an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth as the inner lining; a spray watering test shall be conducted to check for leakage; the micropores and small hemp surfaces shall be embedded and smoothed with polymer cement waterproof mortar; the second waterproof coating layer shall be arranged, using a 2.0mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating and an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth as the inner lining, up to the top plate waterproof layer; a spray watering test shall be conducted to check for leakage; a foam plastic protective layer shall be arranged, using a 30mm thick XPS extruded polystyrene foam plastic board; the bare soil shall be backfilled and compacted in layers.
[0034] In the basement that serves as an electrical equipment room, the first waterproof coating layer is applied with 1.5kg / m2 cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating with a thickness of >1.0mm.
[0035] Inspection found that there were through cracks on the basement outer wall. A 3mm thick steel plate water stop was horizontally set along the basement outer wall at the center of the through crack. A slow-swelling water-expanding rubber strip was set at the junction of the steel plate water stop and the through crack. Grouting reinforcement materials were poured into the through crack. This embodiment uses 1:1 hydraulic mortar mixed with cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproofing agent. A waterproofing membrane layer and a 30mm thick XPS extruded polystyrene foam board protective layer were sequentially set on the outer wall of the basement outer wall, with a density of ≥20kg / m3.
[0036] In addition, the quality of concrete raw materials needs to be checked and the mix ratio needs to be adjusted. In this embodiment, blast furnace slag powder is eliminated and the total mix ratio is reduced from 22% to 14%. Experience shows that beam, slab and wall concrete grades ≥ C40 are prone to cracking, so trial mix and impermeability tests should be performed before construction.
[0037] After taking the above measures, there was no cracking in the concrete of the project and the leakage control effect was good.
[0038] The creativity and advantages of this embodiment are: (1) Optimizing the concrete mix ratio, especially for concrete with a grade greater than C40, a trial mix and anti-seepage test should be conducted before construction; (2) Drainage ditches are set at the base of the inner wall of the basement exterior wall and the inside and outside of the equipment room; (3) The outer waterproof layer of the basement exterior wall uses a polyurethane waterproof coating with good bonding and sealing properties instead of traditional waterproofing rolls; (4) After pouring the concrete of the basement exterior wall for more than 14 days, a watering test is conducted to check whether there is leakage. A 1.0 mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating lined with alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth is added to the cracked and leaking area. Before backfilling the earth, a watering test is conducted to check whether there is leakage. In traditional practices, in order to expand the narrow land area of the construction site or to serve as the foundation of the external wall scaffolding, the earthwork of the basement exterior wall is usually backfilled in a hurry, and the construction sequence is: demoulding → cleaning the tension screws and the base layer → making waterproofing rolls → protective layer → backfilling the earthwork. Compared with traditional practices, the practice adopted in this embodiment and the waterproof structure formed can effectively deal with the leakage of the double-sided formwork basement exterior wall.
[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. Double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure, characterized by: It includes a basement floor and basement exterior wall cast with self-waterproof concrete. The basement floor and basement exterior wall and their accessory structures constitute a ground waterproof structure on the inner side of the exterior wall, a ground waterproof structure on the outer side of the exterior wall, a wall waterproof structure on the exterior wall and a waterproof structure for cracks and leaks on the exterior wall. The ground waterproof structure on the inner side of the exterior wall includes a drainage ditch, the ground waterproof structure on the outer side of the exterior wall includes a waterproof membrane layer, the wall waterproof structure on the exterior wall includes a waterproof coating layer made of polyurethane waterproof coating and lined with alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, and the waterproof structure for cracks and leaks on the exterior wall includes a steel plate waterstop and grouting reinforcement material.
2. The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ground waterproof structure on the inner side of the outer wall is provided with a concrete cushion layer, a bottom plate waterproof membrane, a basement floor, a drainage board and a ground layer in sequence from the bottom of the basement upward; it also includes a drainage ditch, the drainage ditch is arranged on the inner side of the outer wall of the basement and on the basement floor, the drainage board and the ground layer are laid to the inner side of the outer wall of the basement, leaving a distance for the drainage ditch; the ground layer is slightly inclined toward the direction of the drainage ditch so that the drainage enters the drainage ditch.
3. The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ground waterproof structure outside the exterior wall includes a basement floor, a gray sand brick structure, a waterproof membrane layer, and a fine stone concrete protective layer. The gray sand brick structure is arranged on the inner side of the basement supporting wall piles; the waterproof membrane layer is arranged below, on the side, and above the basement floor outside the exterior wall, and at the connecting corner between the basement floor and the basement exterior wall. The waterproof membrane layer is multi-layered, and the multiple layers are overlapped and laid; the fine stone concrete protective layer is arranged on the waterproof membrane layer above the basement floor outside the exterior wall.
4. The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The exterior wall waterproof structure comprises an exterior wall of a basement, a screw, a first waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, a local microporous and hemp-surface waterproof mortar layer, a second waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, a foam plastic protective layer, and a plain soil backfill layer; the screw passes through the exterior wall of the basement, and at the screw hole on the surface of the exterior wall of the basement, the bright positive angle of the turning part of the screw head of the screw is a chamfered structure; the first waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, the local microporous and hemp-surface waterproof mortar layer, the second waterproof coating layer lined with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth, the foam plastic protective layer, and the plain soil backfill layer are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside on the outer wall surface of the exterior wall of the basement, and the thickness of the second waterproof coating layer exceeds the thickness of the first waterproof coating layer.
5. The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 4 is characterized by: The first waterproof coating layer is composed of 1.0 mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth in the inner village, and the second waterproof coating layer is composed of 2.0 mm thick polyurethane waterproof coating with an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth in the inner village, which are arranged up to the top plate waterproof layer; the waterproof mortar layer is composed of polymer cement waterproof mortar, and the foam plastic protective layer is composed of 30 mm thick XPS extruded polystyrene foam plastic board.
6. The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 4 is characterized by: When the basement is used as an electrical equipment room, the first waterproof coating layer is composed of a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating.
7. The double-sided formwork basement exterior wall waterproof structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The waterproof structure for cracked and leaking exterior walls is implemented at locations where through cracks are found on the exterior walls of the basement. It includes a steel waterstop strip horizontally arranged along the exterior wall surface of the basement at the center of the through crack, an expansion rubber strip arranged at the junction of the steel waterstop strip and the through crack, and grouting reinforcement materials poured into the through crack. It also includes a waterproof membrane layer and a foam plastic protective layer arranged in sequence on the outer wall surface of the basement exterior wall.