Underground hydrogen storage system

Abstract

The utility model relates to an underground hydrogen storage system. The underground hydrogen storage system comprises a roadway surrounding rock layer, an impermeable layer, a balance layer and a hydrogen storage device, wherein the impermeable layer, the balance layer and the hydrogen storage device are laid on the inner side of the roadway surrounding rock layer and stacked. The impermeable layer is used for forming sealing between the roadway surrounding rock layer and the balance layer; the balance layer is used for balancing the pressure borne by the roadway surrounding rock layer and the hydrogen storage device; and the hydrogen storage device is used for storing hydrogen. According to the hydrogen storage device, the problems of low safety, limitation of geological conditions, large investment, high risk and the like in the existing hydrogen storage technology are solved, and efficient, safe and sustainable storage of hydrogen is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and in particular to an underground hydrogen storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous consumption of global oil and gas resources and the increasingly urgent need for clean and sustainable energy, the development of new, efficient and environmentally friendly energy technologies has become an important direction for the development of science and technology. Hydrogen, as a clean, efficient and renewable energy, can not only effectively alleviate the dependence on fossil energy, but also realize the conversion and storage of various unstable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy, and has huge application potential and economic value.

[0003] In terms of hydrogen storage, there are currently a variety of physical storage technologies that have been widely used in practice. Among them, ground high-pressure tank hydrogen storage technology has become the most mature and commonly used hydrogen storage technology with its advantages of low cost, low energy consumption, easy dehydrogenation, and wide working conditions. However, this technology faces the problem of hydrogen embrittlement in practical applications, that is, metal hydrogen storage materials are prone to failure and brittle cracking in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, making it difficult to ensure the safety of hydrogen storage. Another common hydrogen storage technology is underground salt cavern hydrogen storage. This technology uses salt rock karst cavities as hydrogen storage sites and has the advantages of large capacity and low cost. However, this technology has high requirements for geological conditions and is only applicable to areas with thick salt dome formations, which greatly limits its scope of application. In addition, water-bearing structure hydrogen storage technology is also a common hydrogen storage method. This technology drains the water in the pores of the rock formation in the underground aquifer and directly forms a gas storage site under the impermeable water-bearing cap rock, which is generally built in the water-bearing sandstone reservoir of the anticline structure. However, in practical applications, this technology has problems such as difficulty in controlling the air-water interface, high investment and operating costs, long reservoir construction cycle, and high risks.

[0004] In my country, there are a large number of underground space resources such as abandoned tunnels. The recycling rate of these resources is extremely low, which not only causes waste of resources, but also may cause damage to the local natural environment. Therefore, how to make full use of these underground space resources and develop new, efficient and safe hydrogen storage technology has become an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an underground hydrogen storage system to solve the problems of low safety, geological condition restrictions, large investment and high risk in the existing hydrogen storage technology, and to achieve efficient, safe and sustainable storage of hydrogen.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows:

[0007] An underground hydrogen storage system comprises a tunnel surrounding rock layer, and also comprises an anti-seepage layer, a balance layer and a hydrogen storage device which are laid and stacked inside the tunnel surrounding rock layer;

[0008] The anti-seepage layer is used to form a seal between the tunnel surrounding rock layer and the balance layer;

[0009] The balancing layer is used to balance the pressure on the tunnel surrounding rock layer and the hydrogen storage device;

[0010] The hydrogen storage device is used to store hydrogen.

[0011] According to the above technical means, by taking the existing tunnel surrounding rock layer as the main body, an anti-seepage layer for sealing, a balancing layer for balancing pressure and a hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen are sequentially stacked on its inner side. The anti-seepage layer is used to isolate the mutual penetration of the inner and outer layers, and the balancing layer is used to balance the environmental pressure of the storage device, thereby effectively ensuring the safety performance of the hydrogen storage device. The combination of the anti-seepage layer and the balancing layer reduces the restrictions on the geological conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock. At the same time, the laying method of the anti-seepage layer and the balancing layer effectively reduces the cost and risk, and avoids the instability and leakage safety problems of geological hydrogen storage methods such as depleted natural liquefied gas deposits, salt caverns, and water-containing structures, thereby effectively solving the problems of low safety, geological condition restrictions, large investment and high risk in existing hydrogen storage technologies, and realizing efficient, safe and sustainable storage of hydrogen.

[0012] Preferably, the underground hydrogen storage system further comprises a leveling layer laid between the tunnel surrounding rock layer and the anti-seepage layer.

[0013] By setting a leveling layer between the tunnel surrounding rock layer and the anti-seepage layer, the uniform laying of the anti-seepage layer is effectively guaranteed, thereby effectively ensuring the sealing performance of the anti-seepage layer.

[0014] Preferably, the balancing layer is a high viscosity thickening water balancing layer.

[0015] Among them, high viscosity thickened water uses thickeners such as guar gum.

[0016] Preferably, the leveling layer is a concrete leveling layer.

[0017] By adopting the concrete leveling layer as the leveling measure, not only the smoothness and strength of the leveling layer are guaranteed, but also it has the advantages of simple operation and low cost.

[0018] Preferably, the anti-seepage layer is a composite lightweight fiber anti-seepage layer.

[0019] Preferably, the underground hydrogen storage system further comprises a pressure regulating device, wherein the pressure regulating device is connected to the balancing layer, and the pressure regulating device is used to regulate the pressure in the balancing layer.

[0020] By setting a pressure regulating device in the balancing layer, the pressure of the balancing layer can be adjusted in real time through the pressure regulating device to ensure efficient operation of the balancing layer, thereby ensuring the safety of the underground hydrogen storage system.

[0021] Preferably, the pressure regulating device is connected to the balancing layer through a first pipeline.

[0022] Preferably, the underground hydrogen storage system further includes a second pipeline, wherein the second pipeline is connected to the hydrogen storage device, and the second pipeline is used to inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage device.

[0023] By providing a second pipeline for hydrogen injection, rapid injection of hydrogen is facilitated and efficient storage of hydrogen is achieved.

[0024] Preferably, the second pipeline is provided with a first compression device and a cooling device.

[0025] By arranging a first compression device and a cooling device on the second pipeline, the injected hydrogen is compressed and cooled so that the hydrogen is compressed and cooled to suitable storage conditions, thereby ensuring the safety performance of the storage device. The hydrogen is compressed and stored, which effectively increases the hydrogen storage capacity of the storage device.

[0026] Preferably, the underground hydrogen storage system further includes a third pipeline, wherein the third pipeline is connected to the hydrogen storage device, and the third pipeline is used to discharge the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device.

[0027] By setting up a third pipe for hydrogen discharge, thereby separating it from the hydrogen injection channel, it is convenient to inject and discharge hydrogen at any time, and the circulation efficiency of hydrogen is improved. The conditions for hydrogen injection, storage and discharge are different, and the injection channel and the discharge channel are set separately to avoid mutual interference between the two.

[0028] Preferably, the third pipeline is provided with a second compression device and a temperature increasing device.

[0029] By arranging a second compression device and a heating device in the third pipeline, the discharged hydrogen is depressurized and heated so that the hydrogen is depressurized and heated to suitable application conditions, thereby ensuring the safe output of hydrogen and facilitating direct application.

[0030] Preferably, a detection device is provided in the hydrogen storage device.

[0031] Preferably, the underground hydrogen storage system further includes an inspection passage, which sequentially passes through the tunnel surrounding rock layer, leveling layer, impermeable layer, balance layer and hydrogen storage device.

[0032] By arranging a detection device in the hydrogen storage device to detect the state and condition of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device in real time, the safety of the hydrogen storage device is ensured.

[0033] By setting up a through maintenance passage, it is convenient for management personnel to inspect each layer of the underground hydrogen storage system, making it easier to discover and solve problems in a timely manner.

[0034] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0035] The underground hydrogen storage system of the utility model takes the existing tunnel surrounding rock layer as the main body, and sequentially arranges an impermeable layer for sealing, a balancing layer for balancing pressure, and a hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen on the inner side thereof. The impermeable layer is used to isolate the mutual penetration of the inner and outer layers, and the balancing layer is used to balance the environmental pressure of the storage device, which effectively ensures the safety performance of the hydrogen storage device. The combination of the impermeable layer and the balancing layer reduces the restrictions on the geological conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock. At the same time, the paving method of the impermeable layer and the balancing layer effectively reduces the cost and risk, and avoids the instability and leakage safety problems of geological hydrogen storage methods such as depleted natural liquefied gas deposits, salt caverns, and water-containing structures, thereby effectively solving the problems of low safety, geological condition restrictions, large investment, and high risk in the existing hydrogen storage technology, and realizing efficient, safe, and sustainable storage of hydrogen. It has the advantages of low geological requirements, reliable air tightness, large hydrogen storage space, low investment, environmental safety, and fast injection and production speed, and has the value of promotion and application in the field of hydrogen storage technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an underground hydrogen storage system;

[0037] Among them, 1-tunnel surrounding rock layer; 2-anti-seepage layer; 3-balance layer; 4-hydrogen storage device; 5-leveling layer; 6-pressure regulating device; 7-first pipeline; 8-second pipeline; 9-first compression device; 10-cooling device; 11-third pipeline; 12-second compression device; 13-heating device; 14-detection device; 15-maintenance passage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will describe the implementation of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementations, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed at will, and the component layout may also be more complicated. Example

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, an underground hydrogen storage system includes a tunnel surrounding rock layer 1, and also includes an anti-seepage layer 2, a balance layer 3 and a hydrogen storage device 4 which are laid and stacked on the inner side of the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1;

[0041] The anti-seepage layer 2 is used to form a seal between the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1 and the balance layer 3;

[0042] The balance layer 3 is used to balance the pressure on the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1 and the hydrogen storage device 4;

[0043] The hydrogen storage device 4 is used to store hydrogen.

[0044] By taking the existing tunnel surrounding rock layer as the main body, an anti-seepage layer for sealing, a balancing layer for balancing pressure and a hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen are sequentially stacked on its inner side. The anti-seepage layer is used to isolate the mutual penetration of the inner and outer layers, and the balancing layer is used to balance the environmental pressure of the storage device, thereby effectively ensuring the safety performance of the hydrogen storage device. The combination of the anti-seepage layer and the balancing layer reduces the restrictions on the geological conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock. At the same time, the laying method of the anti-seepage layer and the balancing layer effectively reduces the cost and risk, and avoids the instability and leakage safety problems of geological hydrogen storage methods such as depleted natural liquefied gas deposits, salt caverns, and water-containing structures, thereby effectively solving the problems of low safety, geological condition restrictions, large investment and high risk in existing hydrogen storage technologies, and realizing efficient, safe and sustainable storage of hydrogen.

[0045] Among them, the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1 is the existing underground waste gas tunnel, which is used as the outer isolation wall of the hydrogen storage system to provide protective pressure for hydrogen storage, greatly improving the structural strength of the hydrogen storage system, thereby improving the safety performance of the underground hydrogen storage system, and at the same time realizing resource utilization, solving the problem of reuse of the waste gas tunnel, and reducing the strength requirements for the hydrogen storage device, thereby reducing the construction cost of the hydrogen storage system.

[0046] In some embodiments, in order to ensure uniform laying of the impermeable layer and thus ensure the sealing performance of the impermeable layer, a leveling layer 5 is provided between the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1 and the impermeable layer 2. That is, before laying the impermeable layer 2, the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1 is first leveled.

[0047] Exemplarily, the balancing layer 3 is a high viscosity thickened water balancing layer. By providing a high viscosity thickened water balancing layer, the pressure in the hydrogen storage device 4 can be effectively balanced. In addition, the high viscosity thickened water is not corrosive and has the advantages of low permeability, green and pollution-free, and low price.

[0048] Exemplarily, high viscosity thickened water uses a thickener such as guar gum.

[0049] Exemplarily, the leveling layer 5 is a concrete leveling layer.

[0050] Exemplarily, the anti-seepage layer 2 is a composite lightweight fiber anti-seepage layer.

[0051] The composite light fiber is an existing composite fiber material mixed with glass fiber, carbon fiber and boron fiber composite material, such as the composite light fiber disclosed in CN114811406A.

[0052] The composite lightweight fiber anti-seepage layer wrapped around the hydrogen storage tunnel has the advantages of excellent air tightness, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, high strength, high toughness, etc., and can provide a good anti-seepage effect for the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0053] In some embodiments, since the balancing layer 3 needs to balance the pressure exerted on the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1 and the hydrogen storage device 4 in real time, in order to ensure the efficient operation of the balancing layer 3, a pressure regulating device 6 connected to the balancing layer 3 is provided, so that the pressure in the balancing layer 3 can be adjusted in real time through the pressure regulating device 6.

[0054] Among them, the balancing layer 3 is a high-viscosity thickened water balancing layer. The high-viscosity thickened water has low compressibility. By adjusting the inlet and outlet flow rates of the high-viscosity thickened water, the pressure of the balancing layer can be changed, thereby achieving a rapid response of pressure balance.

[0055] In some embodiments, the pressure regulating device 6 is connected to the balancing layer 3 through a first pipeline 7 .

[0056] In some embodiments, in order to facilitate rapid injection of hydrogen and achieve efficient storage of hydrogen, the underground hydrogen storage system is configured to further include a second pipeline 8 , which is connected to the hydrogen storage device 4 , and is used to inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage device 4 .

[0057] In some embodiments, in order to allow the hydrogen to enter the storage device and be stored under appropriate conditions, a first compression device 9 and a cooling device 10 are provided on the second pipeline 8. The storage of hydrogen after compression can also effectively increase the hydrogen storage capacity of the storage device.

[0058] Exemplarily, the first compression device 9 is a compressor, and the cooling device 10 is a condenser, so that the hydrogen is input in a pressurized and cooled manner, thereby improving the transportation efficiency.

[0059] In some embodiments, in order to prevent the hydrogen injection channel and the hydrogen exhaust channel from interfering with each other, so as to facilitate the injection and exhaust of hydrogen at any time and improve the circulation efficiency of hydrogen, the underground hydrogen storage system is set to also include a third pipeline 11, which is connected to the hydrogen storage device 4, and the third pipeline 11 is used to discharge the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 4.

[0060] In some embodiments, in order to enable the exhausted hydrogen to be directly utilized, a second compression device 12 and a temperature increasing device 13 are provided on the third pipeline 11, so that the exhausted hydrogen is first subjected to pressure reduction and temperature increase treatments before being transported to the desired location, which not only ensures the safe transportation of hydrogen but also facilitates direct application.

[0061] Exemplarily, the second compression device 12 is a pressure reducer, and the temperature increasing device 13 is a heater, which outputs by reducing pressure and increasing temperature to accelerate the efficiency of hydrogen transportation.

[0062] In some embodiments, in order to detect the state and condition of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device in real time and ensure the safety of the hydrogen storage device, a detection device 14 is provided in the hydrogen storage device 4 .

[0063] In some embodiments, the underground hydrogen storage system also includes a maintenance passage 15, which sequentially passes through the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1, the leveling layer 5, the anti-seepage layer 2, the balance layer 3 and the hydrogen storage device 4, so that management personnel can inspect each layer of the underground hydrogen storage system and promptly discover and solve problems.

[0064] In the actual construction process of the above-mentioned underground hydrogen storage system, first, the rough surface of the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1 is polished with a grinder or a grinding tool to remove old coatings, stains, rust, etc.; then, the inner surface is leveled with concrete to form a leveling layer 5, and at the same time, the first pipeline 7, the second pipeline 8, the third pipeline 11 and the maintenance channel 15 are installed; then, the inner surface of the leveling layer 5 is treated for seepage prevention, and the tunnel is wrapped with composite lightweight fibers to form an anti-seepage layer 2, wherein the composite lightweight fiber is a type of composite fiber, mainly using A composite material made of glass fiber, carbon fiber and boron fiber composite materials; then, high viscosity thickening water is constructed on the inner surface of the anti-seepage layer 2 to form a balancing layer 3; then, a hydrogen storage device 4 is constructed on the inner surface of the balancing layer; then, a pressure regulating device 6 is installed on the first pipeline 7, a first compression device 9 and a cooling device 10 are installed on the second pipeline 8, a second compression device 12 and a heating device 13 are installed on the third pipeline 11, and a detection device 14 is installed in the hydrogen storage device 4. After debugging, when all set parameters are normal, hydrogen can be injected and stored.

[0065] In the actual use of the constructed underground hydrogen storage system, when hydrogen is injected, the second pipeline 8 is opened, and the injected hydrogen is compressed and condensed by the first compression device 9 and the cooling device 10 in the second pipeline 8. When the predetermined condensation and pressure are reached, it is sent from the second pipeline 8 to the hydrogen storage device 4 for storage. When hydrogen energy is needed, the third channel 11 is opened, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 4 is adjusted to a suitable pressure and temperature by the second compression device 12 and the heating device 13 in the third channel 11, and then discharged from the third pipeline 11 to ensure the safe output of hydrogen.

[0066] When the hydrogen is compressed and enters the hydrogen storage device 4, the pressure in the hydrogen storage device 4 will gradually increase. At this time, the high viscosity thickening water balance layer balances the pressure with the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1, and transmits the pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 4 to the tunnel surrounding rock layer 1, effectively solving the pressure borne by the traditional double-layer high-pressure tank.

[0067] Compared with the strict requirements on the thickness of the steel layer for high pressure hydrogen storage in double-layer steel cylinders on the ground, the underground hydrogen storage system uses a high-viscosity thickening water balance layer to transfer the pressure in the hydrogen storage device to the surrounding rock layer of the tunnel, reducing the structural strength requirements of the hydrogen storage device. The underground hydrogen storage system has the advantages of low geological requirements, reliable air tightness, large hydrogen storage space, low investment, environmental safety and fast injection and production speed. At the same time, it uses a high-viscosity thickening water balance layer to balance the pressure of the hydrogen storage device to the surrounding rock layer of the tunnel, which has higher stability.

[0068] In summary, the underground hydrogen storage system of the utility model takes the existing tunnel surrounding rock layer as the main body, and sequentially stacks an impermeable layer for sealing, a balancing layer for balancing pressure, and a hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen on its inner side. The impermeable layer is used to isolate the mutual penetration of the inner and outer layers, and the balancing layer is used to balance the environmental pressure of the storage device, which effectively ensures the safety performance of the hydrogen storage device. The combination of the impermeable layer and the balancing layer reduces the restrictions on the geological conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock. At the same time, the paving method of the impermeable layer and the balancing layer effectively reduces the cost and risk, and avoids the instability and leakage safety problems of geological hydrogen storage methods such as depleted natural liquefied gas deposits, salt caverns, and water-containing structures, thereby effectively solving the problems of low safety, geological condition restrictions, large investment, and high risk in the existing hydrogen storage technology, and realizing efficient, safe, and sustainable storage of hydrogen. It has the advantages of low geological requirements, reliable air tightness, large hydrogen storage space, low investment, environmental safety, and fast injection and production speed, and has the value of promotion and application in the field of hydrogen storage technology.

[0069] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or modification made by a person skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underground hydrogen storage system, comprising a tunnel surrounding rock layer (1), characterized in that: It also includes an anti-seepage layer (2), a balance layer (3) and a hydrogen storage device (4) which are laid on the inner side of the tunnel surrounding rock layer (1) and are stacked; The anti-seepage layer (2) is used to form a seal between the tunnel surrounding rock layer (1) and the balance layer (3); The balancing layer (3) is used to balance the pressure exerted on the tunnel surrounding rock layer (1) and the hydrogen storage device (4); The hydrogen storage device (4) is used to store hydrogen.

2. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground hydrogen storage system further comprises a leveling layer (5) laid between the tunnel surrounding rock layer (1) and the anti-seepage layer (2).

3. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The balancing layer (3) is a high viscosity thickening water balancing layer; And / or, the leveling layer (5) is a concrete leveling layer; And / or, the anti-seepage layer (2) is a composite lightweight fiber anti-seepage layer.

4. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The underground hydrogen storage system further comprises a pressure regulating device (6), wherein the pressure regulating device (6) is connected to the balancing layer (3), and the pressure regulating device (6) is used to regulate the pressure in the balancing layer (3).

5. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure regulating device (6) is connected to the balancing layer (3) via a first pipeline (7).

6. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground hydrogen storage system further comprises a second pipeline (8), wherein the second pipeline (8) is connected to the hydrogen storage device (4), and the second pipeline (8) is used to inject hydrogen into the hydrogen storage device (4).

7. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second pipeline (8) is provided with a first compression device (9) and a cooling device (10).

8. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underground hydrogen storage system further comprises a third pipeline (11), wherein the third pipeline (11) is connected to the hydrogen storage device (4), and the third pipeline (11) is used to discharge the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device (4).

9. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The third pipeline (11) is provided with a second compression device (12) and a temperature increasing device (13).

10. The underground hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage device (4) is provided with a detection device (14); And / or, the underground hydrogen storage system further comprises an inspection passage (15), wherein the inspection passage (15) sequentially passes through the tunnel surrounding rock layer (1), the leveling layer (5), the anti-seepage layer (2), the balance layer (3), and the hydrogen storage device (4).

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