Non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experiment device which comprises an experiment cabin, a ventilation system, a hydrogen release system, an ignition system and a test system, an inverted L-shaped cavity is formed in the experiment cabin, a plurality of gas concentration sensors are arranged in the experiment cabin in the vertical and horizontal directions, and an observation window is arranged in the experiment cabin; the ventilation system is arranged on the experiment cabin and is communicated with the inverted L-shaped cavity; the hydrogen release system is communicated with the inverted L-shaped chamber of the experiment cabin; the ignition system is arranged in the experiment cabin; the test system is arranged in the experiment cabin and comprises a pressure measurement system, a flame image measurement system, a temperature measurement system and an ion probe measurement system. According to the explosion experiment device provided by the utility model, the influence of multiple parameters on non-uniform hydrogen explosion can be developed, so that the most dangerous working condition and characteristic parameters of the non-uniform hydrogen explosion are obtained, and support is provided for hydrogen evolution hazard assessment of a storage battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ship hydrogen explosion test and protection, and more specifically to a non-uniform hydrogen explosion experimental device. Background Art

[0002] Marine power lead-acid batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long service life and low cost, and are currently a commonly used power supply device on ships. When the battery pack is charged, hydrogen evolution will inevitably occur in the electrolyte of each battery, and the amount of hydrogen produced will increase in the later stage. The generated hydrogen will be released into the closed cabin of the ship through the exhaust valve or safety valve on the battery cover, forming a non-uniform concentration field. Since ships are usually closed cabins and the ignition energy of hydrogen is low, it is easy to ignite, resulting in explosion accidents and damage to personnel and equipment. The non-uniform hydrogen explosion process in a confined space is affected by multiple parameters including hydrogen release rate, hydrogen release time, ignition position, ventilation valve opening state and ventilation volume. Therefore, exploring the hydrogen evolution leakage and diffusion process of ship batteries and the evolution of non-uniform explosion characteristic parameters in closed cabins under the influence of multiple factors has important guiding significance for evaluating the hazards of battery hydrogen evolution and preventing hydrogen explosion accidents in closed cabins of ships.

[0003] In the prior art, hydrogen explosion experimental devices are mainly used to study the explosion of gases with uniform concentrations, and are unable to study the propagation process of non-uniform hydrogen flames, nor are they convenient for studying the influence of multiple parameters on non-uniform hydrogen explosions, resulting in less research on the leakage and diffusion process of hydrogen evolution in batteries in enclosed spaces of ships and the non-uniform hydrogen explosion process; in addition, the existing experimental devices are usually used to simulate explosion accidents occurring in hydrogen pipelines, and rarely simulate the leakage and diffusion process of hydrogen evolution in battery compartments, and are unable to achieve the multi-point release process of hydrogen at different positions, and the experimental chambers of the existing experimental devices are mostly pipe or rectangular structures, which are unable to simulate the structure of the ship's battery compartment, and the compartment structure is crucial to the hydrogen explosion process and hazard evolution; in addition, different air volumes can be set for the ventilation system during the navigation of the ship, and the air volume has a greater impact on the hydrogen evolution explosion process in the battery compartment, while the currently existing hydrogen explosion experimental devices have not yet taken into account the influence of ventilation volume, and are unable to simulate the influence of the characteristic structure of the actual ship's battery compartment. Therefore, it is necessary to build an experimental device to simulate the leakage, diffusion and explosion process of hydrogen evolution in a closed space battery to explore the concentration, time and spatial distribution laws of the leakage and diffusion process of hydrogen evolution in the battery, and to reveal the evolution laws of the characteristic parameters of non-uniform hydrogen explosion hazards.

[0004] Therefore, how to simulate the leakage, diffusion and explosion process of hydrogen evolution from batteries in the closed space of a ship's battery compartment has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by technical personnel in this field. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device to simulate the leakage, diffusion and explosion process of hydrogen evolution from batteries in a closed space battery compartment of a ship.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device, comprising:

[0008] An experimental cabin, wherein the experimental cabin has an inverted L-shaped chamber for simulating the hydrogen explosion area of ​​battery leakage and diffusion, and the experimental cabin is provided with a release space for simulating hydrogen leakage in a cabin, the experimental cabin is provided with a plurality of gas concentration sensors in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and the experimental cabin is provided with an observation window;

[0009] A ventilation system is provided on the experimental cabin, and the ventilation system is communicated with the inverted L-shaped chamber;

[0010] A hydrogen release system, the hydrogen release system is located in the release space of the experimental chamber, and the hydrogen release system is communicated with the inverted L-shaped chamber of the experimental chamber, and is used to inject hydrogen into the inverted L-shaped chamber;

[0011] an ignition system, disposed in the experimental chamber, for igniting the hydrogen in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the ignition system comprising an ignition electrode and a plurality of ignition electrode adapter holes;

[0012] A test system is arranged in the experimental chamber, the test system comprises a pressure measurement system, a flame image measurement system, a temperature measurement system and an ion probe measurement system, the pressure measurement system is used to measure the pressure in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the flame image measurement system is used to monitor the flame propagation process in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the temperature measurement system is used to measure the temperature in the inverted L-shaped chamber, and the ion probe measurement system is used to measure the flame propagation speed in the inverted L-shaped chamber;

[0013] The flame image measurement system comprises a high-speed camera arranged outside the experimental cabin, and the high-speed camera is used to photograph the flame propagation process through the observation window;

[0014] The temperature measurement system comprises a thermocouple arranged on the top wall of the inverted L-shaped chamber, and the thermocouple is a micro thermocouple.

[0015] Optionally, in the above-mentioned non-uniform hydrogen explosion experimental device, the inverted L-shaped chamber includes a horizontal chamber and a vertical chamber, the horizontal chamber and the vertical chamber are connected to each other, and a plurality of the gas concentration sensors are evenly distributed on the side walls of the vertical chamber and the horizontal chamber.

[0016] Optionally, in the above-mentioned non-uniform hydrogen explosion experimental device, the bottom wall of the horizontal chamber is a sandwich structure, the sandwich structure includes a top plate and a bottom plate, the top plate and the bottom plate are filled with quartz sand, a plurality of first air inlet holes are evenly opened on the top plate, a plurality of second air inlet holes are evenly opened on the bottom plate, and the number of the second air inlet holes is less than the number of the first air inlet holes; the hydrogen release system is connected to the second air inlet holes; the top plate is provided with a movable baffle, and the baffle is used to block the first air inlet holes.

[0017] Optionally, in the above-mentioned non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device, the hydrogen release system includes an air pipe and a gas distribution column connected to the air pipe, the gas distribution column is connected to the second air inlet through a gas delivery pipe, and a high-precision hydrogen flowmeter is provided on the air pipe.

[0018] Optionally, in the above-mentioned non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device, the pressure measurement system includes at least two pressure sensors, and the side walls and top walls of the horizontal chamber are respectively provided with the pressure sensors.

[0019] Optionally, in the above-mentioned non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device, the ventilation system includes at least two air outlets, ventilation valves are respectively arranged at the positions of the two air outlets, and the two air outlets are respectively connected to air supply equipment and exhaust equipment.

[0020] Optionally, in the above-mentioned non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device, the ion probe measurement system includes at least three ion probes, and the ion probes are arranged on the top wall of the L-shaped chamber to measure the propagation speed of the flame.

[0021] The non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device provided by the utility model is provided with an inverted L-shaped chamber in the experimental cabin to simulate the hydrogen explosion area of ​​the battery hydrogen evolution leakage and diffusion in the closed space of the ship, and the experimental cabin is provided with a release space for simulating the hydrogen leakage in the cabin, and the hydrogen release system is provided in the release space and connected with the inverted L-shaped chamber, so that the inverted L-shaped chamber can be filled with hydrogen, thereby simulating the whole process of the battery hydrogen evolution leakage in the actual cabin, and the rate and release time of hydrogen release can be adjusted by the hydrogen release system, and the hydrogen concentration change process at different positions in the experimental cabin is measured by multiple gas concentration sensors arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the experimental cabin, so as to obtain different hydrogen concentration gradients, and realize the research on the non-uniform hydrogen leakage and diffusion. In addition, an observation window is provided on the experimental cabin, and the flame image measurement system can be used to measure the flame propagation process in the inverted L-shaped chamber in the non-uniform hydrogen, and the pressure measurement system and the temperature measurement system can be used to measure the data of the synchronous explosion pressure and temperature. By analyzing flame images and synchronous explosion pressure, temperature and other data, the explosion mechanism of non-uniform hydrogen in a confined space can be studied, thereby simulating the leakage, diffusion and explosion process of battery hydrogen evolution in a closed space battery compartment of a ship.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the non-uniform hydrogen explosion experimental device provided by the utility model has a simple structure and is flexible and convenient to use. By adopting the device, the influence of parameters including hydrogen release conditions, ignition position, ventilation system opening state and ventilation volume on non-uniform hydrogen explosion can be studied, and the actual structure of the ship's battery compartment can be simulated, so as to obtain the most dangerous working conditions and characteristic parameters of non-uniform hydrogen explosion in the ship's battery compartment, and provide support for the hazard assessment of battery hydrogen evolution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 A flow chart of an experimental method provided for an embodiment of the utility model.

[0026] Among them, 100 is an experimental chamber, 101 is a gas concentration sensor, 102 is an observation window, 1021 is a flange, 103 is a ventilation system, 1031 is a first ventilation valve, 1032 is a second ventilation valve, 104 is a hydrogen release system, 1041 is an air pipe, 1042 is a gas distribution column, 1043 is a gas transmission pipe, 1044 is a high-precision hydrogen flowmeter, 105 is a horizontal chamber, 1051 is a top plate, 1052 is a bottom plate, 1053 is quartz sand, 1054 is a first air inlet, 1055 is a second air inlet, 106 is a vertical chamber, 107 is an ignition electrode adapter hole, 108 is a pressure sensor, 109 is a thermocouple, 110 is an ion probe, 111 is an ignition electrode, and 112 is a release space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The core of the utility model is to provide a non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device to simulate the hydrogen evolution leakage diffusion and explosion process of batteries in a closed space battery compartment of a ship.

[0028] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the utility model discloses a non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device, including an experimental chamber 100, a ventilation system 103, a hydrogen release system 104, an ignition system and a test system. It should be noted that, in the prior art, the explosion experimental device is mainly used to study the explosion of gas with uniform concentration, and it is impossible to study the propagation process of non-uniform hydrogen flame, nor is it convenient to study the influence of multiple parameters on non-uniform hydrogen explosion, resulting in less research on the leakage and diffusion process of hydrogen evolution from batteries and the non-uniform hydrogen explosion process in the closed space of a ship; in addition, the existing experimental device is usually used to simulate explosion accidents occurring in hydrogen pipelines, and rarely simulates the leakage and diffusion process of hydrogen evolution in battery compartments, and cannot realize the multi-point release process of hydrogen at different positions; and the experimental chambers of the existing experimental devices are mostly pipe or rectangular structures, which cannot simulate the structure of the battery compartment of the ship, and the compartment structure is crucial to the explosion process and hazard evolution of hydrogen; in addition, different air volumes can be set for the ventilation system during the navigation of the ship, and the air volume has a greater impact on the hydrogen evolution and explosion process in the battery compartment, while the existing hydrogen explosion experimental device has not yet taken into account the influence of ventilation volume, and cannot simulate the influence of the characteristic structure of the actual ship battery compartment. Therefore, it is necessary to build an experimental device that simulates the process of hydrogen evolution leakage, diffusion and explosion of batteries in a closed space to explore the concentration, time and spatial distribution law of the hydrogen evolution leakage and diffusion process of batteries, and reveal the evolution law of characteristic parameters of non-uniform hydrogen explosion hazards. The experimental device disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model has a simple structure and is flexible and convenient to use. By using this device, the influence of parameters such as hydrogen release conditions, ignition position, ventilation system opening state and ventilation volume on non-uniform hydrogen explosion can be carried out, thereby obtaining the most dangerous working conditions of non-uniform hydrogen explosion.

[0030] Among them, Figure 1As shown, the experimental cabin 100 has an inverted L-shaped chamber to simulate the hydrogen explosion area of ​​the battery hydrogen evolution leakage and diffusion in the closed space of the ship, and the experimental cabin 100 is provided with a release space 112 for simulating the hydrogen leakage in the cabin. In this embodiment, the experimental cabin 100 has the same shape as the inverted L-shaped chamber, that is, the outer shape of the experimental cabin 100 is an inverted L shape, and the release space 112 is located at the notch position of the inverted L-shaped experimental cabin 100, so as to facilitate the setting of the hydrogen release system 104, thereby simulating the whole process of the battery hydrogen evolution leakage in the actual cabin. At the same time, a plurality of gas concentration sensors 101 are arranged in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in the experimental cabin 100, which can measure the hydrogen concentration change process at different positions in the experimental cabin 100 to obtain different hydrogen concentration gradients, so as to realize the research on the non-uniform hydrogen leakage and diffusion. In addition, the hydrogen release system 104 is arranged in the release space 112 of the experimental cabin 100, and the hydrogen release system 104 is connected to the inverted L-shaped chamber of the experimental cabin 100, so as to inject hydrogen into the inverted L-shaped chamber, thereby achieving the purpose of simulating the whole process of hydrogen evolution leakage of the battery in the actual cabin. The ignition system is arranged in the experimental cabin 100 to ignite the hydrogen in the inverted L-shaped chamber, thereby simulating the process of hydrogen combustion and explosion in the closed space of the ship. An observation window 102 is arranged on the experimental cabin 100, and the observation window 102 is fastened to the front opening position of the experimental cabin 100 through a flange 1021, so that the experimenter can observe the hydrogen combustion and explosion process in the experimental cabin 100 through the observation window 102. In this embodiment, the experimental cabin 100 is welded by steel plates, and an opening is provided on the front of the experimental cabin 100 for observing the hydrogen combustion and explosion process in the experimental cabin 100. At the same time, in order to prevent harm to the experimenters during the hydrogen combustion and explosion, the observation window 102 fastened by the flange 1021 at the front opening position of the experimental cabin 100 adopts explosion-proof tempered glass, which can resist the impact generated by the hydrogen combustion and explosion, thereby simulating the hydrogen combustion and explosion process of battery hydrogen evolution leakage and diffusion in the closed space of the ship.

[0031] In addition, if Figure 1As shown, a ventilation system 103 is provided on the experimental chamber 100, and the ventilation system 103 is connected to the inverted L-shaped chamber. By adjusting the ventilation system 103, the opening state of the ventilation system 103 and the influence of the ventilation volume on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion can be studied. In addition, a test system is provided in the experimental chamber 100. Specifically, the test system includes a pressure measurement system, a flame image measurement system, a temperature measurement system and an ion probe measurement system. Among them, the pressure measurement system can measure the pressure in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the flame image measurement system can monitor the flame propagation process in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the temperature measurement system can measure the temperature in the inverted L-shaped chamber, and the ion probe measurement system can measure the flame propagation speed in the inverted L-shaped chamber. The flame image measurement system can monitor the flame propagation process in the inverted L-shaped chamber in the non-uniform hydrogen, and the pressure and temperature of the synchronous explosion can be measured respectively by the pressure measurement system and the temperature measurement system. By analyzing flame images and synchronous explosion pressure, temperature and other data, the explosion mechanism of non-uniform hydrogen in a confined space can be studied, thereby simulating the hydrogen evolution leakage, diffusion and explosion process of batteries in a closed space.

[0032] Furthermore, if Figure 1As shown, in a specific embodiment, the inverted L-shaped chamber includes a horizontal chamber 105 and a vertical chamber 106, and the horizontal chamber 105 and the vertical chamber 106 are interconnected. A plurality of gas concentration sensors 101 are evenly spaced on the side walls of the vertical chamber 106 and the horizontal chamber 105 to measure the change in the hydrogen concentration in the vertical direction in the inverted L-shaped chamber, and at least two gas concentration sensors 101 are arranged on the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105 to measure the change in the hydrogen concentration in the horizontal direction in the inverted L-shaped chamber from the initial to the later stage of hydrogen release. In this embodiment, the number of gas concentration sensors 101 arranged on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105 is 3, the number of gas concentration sensors 101 arranged on the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105 is two, and the number of gas concentration sensors 101 arranged on the side wall of the vertical chamber 106 is 5. Among them, 5 gas concentration sensors 101 are evenly spaced along the vertical direction on the side wall of the vertical chamber 106, and 3 gas concentration sensors 101 are evenly spaced along the vertical direction on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105, so as to measure the hydrogen concentration at different heights in the experimental chamber 100, thereby obtaining the hydrogen concentration gradient in the vertical direction. At the same time, through the two gas concentration sensors 101 spaced apart on the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105, the change of the hydrogen concentration in the horizontal direction in the inverted L-shaped chamber from the initial to the later stage of hydrogen release can be measured to obtain the hydrogen concentration gradient in the horizontal direction, thereby realizing the study of the hydrogen release time and the influence of different hydrogen concentrations on hydrogen leakage, diffusion and combustion and explosion. Of course, the number of gas concentration sensors 101 located on the side wall of the vertical chamber 106 may be 2, 3, 4, 6, etc., the number of gas concentration sensors 101 located on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105 may be 2, 4, etc., and the number of gas concentration sensors 101 located on the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105 may be 3, 4, etc., thereby obtaining more positions and more accurate hydrogen concentration gradients and achieving a deeper study on non-uniform hydrogen leakage and diffusion.

[0033] At the same time, the ignition system includes an ignition electrode 111 and a plurality of ignition electrode adapter holes 107, and each ignition electrode adapter hole 107 is arranged at intervals on the side wall of the vertical chamber 106 and the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105. By arranging the ignition electrode 111 on the ignition electrode adapter holes 107 at different positions, the influence of different ignition positions on the non-uniform hydrogen combustion and explosion process can be studied. In this embodiment, the ignition electrode 111 adopts a bipolar ignition electrode, and the ignition electrode adapter holes 107 are respectively set to three on the side wall of the vertical chamber 106 and the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105, and the three ignition electrode adapter holes 107 set on the side wall of the vertical chamber 106 are spaced apart in the vertical direction, and the three ignition electrode adapter holes 107 set on the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105 are spaced apart in the horizontal direction, so that by inserting the ignition electrode 111 into the ignition electrode adapter holes 107 at different positions, the influence of different ignition positions on the non-uniform hydrogen combustion and explosion process can be studied. Of course, the ignition electrode adapter holes 107 set on the side wall of the vertical chamber 106 and the top wall of the horizontal chamber 105 can also be 4, 5, etc.

[0034] Furthermore, if Figure 1As shown, in a specific embodiment, the bottom wall of the horizontal chamber 105 is a sandwich structure, wherein the sandwich structure includes a top plate 1051 and a bottom plate 1052 . Quartz sand 1053 is filled between the top plate 1051 and the bottom plate 1052, a plurality of first air inlet holes 1054 are evenly opened on the top plate 1051, and the first air inlet holes 1054 are evenly arranged in a line, a plurality of second air inlet holes 1055 are evenly opened on the bottom plate 1052, and the second air inlet holes 1055 are evenly arranged in a line, and the number of the second air inlet holes 1055 is less than the number of the first air inlet holes 1054, and the second air inlet holes 1055 are connected through the hydrogen release system 104, so that the hydrogen released by the hydrogen release system 104 can be evenly released from the first air inlet holes 1054 into the horizontal chamber 105 through the gaps between the quartz sands 1053, and gradually diffuse into the entire inverted L-shaped chamber, thereby simulating the process of battery hydrogen evolution leakage and diffusion in the closed space of the ship. In addition, the top plate 1051 is provided with a movable shield, which is used to block the first air inlet 1054, so that the opening or closing of the first air inlet 1054 can be controlled to realize the simulation of hydrogen evolution of batteries at different positions and different numbers. Specifically, a shield that can move along the horizontal direction of the horizontal chamber 105 can be set above or below the top plate 1051, and the shield can be controlled to move to the left or right side of the horizontal chamber 105 by a driving mechanism to block part of the first air inlet 1054, so as to realize the simulation of hydrogen release at different positions. Further preferably, in order to more accurately control the opening position of the first air inlet 1054, a shield can be set at the position of each first air inlet 1054 corresponding to the bottom of the top plate 1051, and each shield is controlled to move by an independent driving mechanism, so that a single first air inlet 1054 can be closed or opened, so as to realize more accurate control of the opening position of the first air inlet 1054, and then a more in-depth study of the simulation of hydrogen evolution of batteries at different positions and different numbers can be carried out. The driving mechanism may be, but is not limited to, a pneumatic device or a driving motor, and may be any driving mechanism that can drive the shutter to move to the left or right of the horizontal chamber 105. Preferably, the driving mechanism may be a CJPB10×10 single-acting cylinder.

[0035] Furthermore, if Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen release system 104 includes an air pipe 1041 and a gas distribution column 1042 connected to the air pipe 1041, and the gas distribution column 1042 is connected to the second air inlet 1055 through the gas supply pipe 1043, and a high-precision hydrogen flowmeter 1044 is provided on the air pipe 1041. When the hydrogen in the air pipe 1041 flows into the gas distribution column 1042 through the high-precision hydrogen flowmeter 1044, and then is released into the inverted L-shaped chamber through the gas distribution column 1042 and the gas supply pipe 1043, the high-precision hydrogen flowmeter 1044 can realize accurate control of the hydrogen release rate and the hydrogen release time, so that the influence of different hydrogen release rates and different hydrogen release times on the non-uniform hydrogen combustion and explosion process can be studied. In this embodiment, the diameter of the air pipe 1041 is 10 mm, and the air delivery pipe 1043 is a metal hose with a diameter of 2 mm, and the number of the second air inlet holes 1055 is 7, and the air delivery pipe 1043 is arranged one-to-one with the second air inlet holes 1055. The air delivery pipe 1043 is a metal hose, and the air delivery pipe 1043 is connected to the second air inlet holes 1055 in a detachable manner, such as threaded connection or plug-in, so as to improve the mobility and operation convenience of the experimental device.

[0036] Furthermore, if Figure 1As shown, the pressure measurement system includes at least two pressure sensors 108, and the side walls and top walls of the horizontal chamber 105 are respectively provided with pressure sensors 108, so as to realize the measurement of the pressure value in the inverted L-shaped chamber while the hydrogen is burning and exploding, and obtain the synchronous explosion pressure of the hydrogen. Of course, the pressure sensors 108 are not limited to two, but can also be 3, 4, etc., and each pressure sensor 108 can be set at different positions of the inverted L-shaped chamber, so as to realize the measurement of the pressure values ​​at different positions in the inverted L-shaped chamber while the hydrogen is burning and exploding, so as to obtain the synchronous explosion pressure of the hydrogen at different positions in the inverted L-shaped chamber. At the same time, the temperature measurement system includes a thermocouple 109 arranged on the top wall of the inverted L-shaped chamber, and the thermocouple 109 adopts a micro thermocouple, so as to measure the temperature in the inverted L-shaped chamber while the hydrogen is burning and exploding, and obtain the synchronous explosion temperature of the hydrogen. Of course, a thermocouple 109 can also be arranged on the side wall of the inverted L-shaped chamber, specifically, it can be arranged on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105, so as to realize the measurement of the temperature gradient of the hydrogen in the inverted L-shaped chamber in the horizontal and vertical directions, and at the same time as the hydrogen is combusted, the temperature values ​​at different positions in the inverted L-shaped chamber are measured to obtain the synchronous explosion temperature of the hydrogen at different positions in the inverted L-shaped chamber. In this embodiment, the thermocouple 109 can adopt a thermocouple model such as an R-type thermocouple or an S-type thermocouple, and the thermocouple 109 has a fast response. Preferably, the thermocouple 109 adopts an R-type thermocouple, which has the advantages of high accuracy, good stability, wide temperature measurement range, long service life, etc., and the R-type thermocouple has good physical and chemical properties, thermoelectric potential stability and good anti-oxidation performance at high temperature, and can be applied to oxidizing and inert gases. By adopting the R-type thermocouple, the accuracy and stability of the temperature measurement in the L-shaped chamber can be improved.

[0037] Furthermore, if Figure 1As shown, the ventilation system 103 includes at least two air outlets, ventilation valves are respectively arranged at the positions of the two air outlets, and the two air outlets are respectively connected to the air supply device and the exhaust device. Specifically, when there are two air outlets, they are the air inlet and the air outlet. In this embodiment, the air inlet and the air outlet are both arranged on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105, and the air inlet is located below the air outlet. For the convenience of understanding, the ventilation valves respectively arranged at the air inlet and the air outlet are defined as the first ventilation valve 1031 and the second ventilation valve 1032, and the air inlet is connected to the air supply device, and the air outlet is connected to the exhaust device. Among them, the first ventilation valve 1031 is connected to the air inlet on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105 through a connecting pipeline, and the second ventilation valve 1032 is connected to the air outlet on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105 through a connecting pipeline, and the air supply device and the air outlet device both use fans, that is, they are connected to the fans through connecting pipelines at the positions of the air inlet and the air outlet, respectively, to supply and exhaust air in the inverted L-shaped chamber. By setting the first ventilation valve 1031 and the second ventilation valve 1032, the opening and closing state, air supply volume and exhaust volume of the ventilation system 103 can be controlled, so as to realize the study of the influence of different air volume changes on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion. At the same time, the air supply direction and exhaust direction can be changed by the fan to study the influence of wind direction on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion, and then realize the study of the influence of multi-parameters on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion. Specifically, the air supply direction and exhaust direction can be changed by moving the position of the fan. Preferably, louvers may be provided at the air outlet of the fan, and the air supply direction and the air exhaust direction may be changed by controlling the inclination angle of the louvers, thereby realizing the study of the influence of wind direction on non-uniform hydrogen explosion.

[0038] Furthermore, the air inlet may also be arranged above the air outlet, so as to realize the study of the influence of air supply and exhaust at different positions on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion. Of course, the number of air outlets is not limited to two, but may be three, four, etc., wherein the air inlet may be one or two, and of course the air outlet may be one or two, etc., and the setting position is not limited to being arranged on the side wall of the horizontal chamber 105, so as to realize the study of the influence of multiple air outlets and different setting positions on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion.

[0039] Of course, a wind speed sensor or an air volume sensor may be provided on the connection pipelines between the first ventilation valve 1031 and the second ventilation valve 1032 and the horizontal chamber 105, respectively, or both the wind speed sensor and the air volume sensor may be provided on the connection pipelines between the first ventilation valve 1031 and the second ventilation valve 1032 and the horizontal chamber 105. The wind speed sensor may be used to measure the change in wind speed when the ventilation system 103 is turned on, thereby realizing the influence of different wind speed changes on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion, and the wind volume sensor may be used to measure the change in wind volume when the ventilation system 103 is turned on, thereby realizing the influence of different wind volume changes on the non-uniform hydrogen explosion.

[0040] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, the flame image measurement system includes a high-speed camera arranged outside the experimental chamber 100, through which the flame propagation process when hydrogen explodes can be photographed through the observation window 102. At the same time, the ion probe measurement system includes at least three ion probes 110, and each ion probe 110 is arranged on the top wall of the L-shaped chamber. The front position of the flame can be detected by each ion probe 110 to obtain the flame propagation speed. Of course, the ion probes 110 can also be 4, 5, etc., and each ion probe 110 can also be arranged on the side wall of the L-shaped chamber to detect the flame propagation speed at other positions, so as to obtain the flame propagation speed at different positions when hydrogen explodes, which is helpful to obtain the most dangerous working condition of non-uniform hydrogen explosion.

[0041] The experimental device disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model is provided with an inverted L-shaped chamber in the experimental cabin 100 to simulate the hydrogen explosion area of ​​the battery hydrogen evolution leakage and diffusion in the closed space of the ship, and the experimental cabin 100 is provided with a release space 112 for simulating the hydrogen leakage in the cabin, and by arranging the hydrogen release system 104 in the release space 112 and communicating with the inverted L-shaped chamber, the inverted L-shaped chamber can be filled with hydrogen, thereby simulating the whole process of hydrogen evolution leakage of the battery in the actual cabin, and at the same time, the hydrogen release rate and release time can be adjusted by the hydrogen release system 104, and the hydrogen concentration change process at different positions in the experimental cabin 100 is measured by a plurality of gas concentration sensors 101 arranged along the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the experimental cabin 100, thereby obtaining different hydrogen concentration gradients, and realizing the research on non-uniform hydrogen leakage and diffusion. In addition, an observation window 102 is provided on the experimental chamber 100, and the flame image measurement system can be used to measure the flame propagation process in the inverted L-shaped chamber in the non-uniform hydrogen, and the pressure measurement system and the temperature measurement system can be used to measure the data of the synchronous explosion pressure and temperature. By analyzing the flame image and the synchronous explosion pressure, temperature and other data, the explosion mechanism of the non-uniform hydrogen in the confined space can be studied, thereby simulating the hydrogen evolution leakage diffusion and explosion process of the battery in the closed space battery compartment of the ship.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the experimental device disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model has a simple structure, is flexible and convenient to use, and can adjust multiple parameters that affect the explosion of non-uniform hydrogen. By controlling the opening state and ventilation volume of the ventilation system, ignition position, hydrogen release rate and release time, the flame propagation process and the explosion pressure and temperature are analyzed, and the explosion mechanism of non-uniform hydrogen under the coupling of multiple parameters is studied, thereby obtaining the most dangerous working conditions and characteristic parameters of non-uniform hydrogen explosion, providing support for the battery hydrogen evolution hazard assessment, and the obtained data can be used to guide the explosion-proof design of hydrogen fuel cell compartments. At the same time, the explosion experimental device disclosed in the embodiment of the utility model has the characteristics of multiple variable parameters, reusability, and visualization of the flame propagation process, which is convenient for studying the influence of multiple parameters on the explosion of non-uniform hydrogen.

[0043] The present utility model also discloses an experimental method for simulating hydrogen leakage and explosion in a battery compartment, which uses the experimental device disclosed in the above embodiment. Therefore, the explosion experimental device has all the technical effects of the above explosion experimental device, which will not be described in detail herein. Figure 2 As shown, the experimental method for simulating hydrogen evolution leakage and explosion in a battery compartment includes:

[0044] S100, determine the research parameters;

[0045] The hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release time of the hydrogen release system 104 are determined, and the ignition position of the ignition system and the opening state and ventilation volume of the ventilation system 103 are determined. Specifically, the hydrogen release system 104, the gas concentration sensor 101, the ignition system, the pressure sensor 108, the high-speed camera, the thermocouple 109 and the ion probe 110 are installed and debugged. After the debugging is completed, the hydrogen release rate and hydrogen release time of the hydrogen release system 104 are determined, and the ignition position of the ignition system and the opening state and ventilation volume of the ventilation system 103 are determined.

[0046] S101, release of hydrogen;

[0047] According to the determined hydrogen release rate, hydrogen is filled into the inverted L-shaped chamber through the hydrogen release system 104 , and the hydrogen concentration is measured by the gas concentration sensor 101 .

[0048] S102, measuring hydrogen data;

[0049] When the release time of the hydrogen release system 104 reaches the set value, the hydrogen release system 104 is turned off, and the ignition system is triggered to ignite at a determined ignition position, and the pressure sensor 108 in the pressure measurement system is used to measure the pressure of the hydrogen during combustion and explosion, and the thermocouple 109 in the temperature measurement system is used to measure the temperature of the hydrogen during combustion and explosion. At the same time, the high-speed camera of the flame image measurement system and the ion probe 110 of the ion probe measurement system are used to measure the flame propagation process and propagation speed of the hydrogen during combustion and explosion, respectively, so as to realize a simulation experiment of the non-uniform hydrogen combustion and explosion process.

[0050] S103, cleaning the experimental cabin;

[0051] After completing a non-uniform hydrogen explosion experiment, fresh air is used to purge the inverted L-shaped chamber of the experimental chamber 100 to replace the combustion products of hydrogen.

[0052] After the experimental chamber is cleaned, the parameters such as hydrogen release rate, hydrogen release time, ignition position, ventilation valve opening state and ventilation volume are changed, and steps S101 to S103 are repeated. By analyzing the data such as hydrogen concentration distribution, flame propagation, explosion pressure and temperature, the purpose of studying the non-uniform hydrogen combustion and explosion mechanism under the action of multi-parameter coupling is achieved.

[0053] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of the utility model and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may include steps or units that are not listed.

[0054] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device, characterized in that: include: An experimental cabin (100), wherein the experimental cabin (100) has an inverted L-shaped chamber for simulating a hydrogen explosion area caused by battery leakage and diffusion, and the experimental cabin (100) is provided with a release space (112) for simulating hydrogen leakage in a cabin, the experimental cabin (100) is provided with a plurality of gas concentration sensors (101) in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and the experimental cabin (100) is provided with an observation window (102); A ventilation system (103) is disposed on the experimental chamber (100), and the ventilation system (103) is in communication with the inverted L-shaped chamber; a hydrogen release system (104), the hydrogen release system (104) being located in a release space (112) of the experimental chamber (100), and the hydrogen release system (104) being in communication with an inverted L-shaped chamber of the experimental chamber (100), and being used for injecting hydrogen into the inverted L-shaped chamber; an ignition system, arranged in the experimental chamber (100) and used to ignite the hydrogen in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the ignition system comprising an ignition electrode (111) and a plurality of ignition electrode adapter holes (107); A test system is arranged in the experimental chamber (100), the test system comprising a pressure measurement system, a flame image measurement system, a temperature measurement system and an ion probe measurement system, the pressure measurement system being used to measure the pressure in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the flame image measurement system being used to monitor the flame propagation process in the inverted L-shaped chamber, the temperature measurement system being used to measure the temperature in the inverted L-shaped chamber, and the ion probe measurement system being used to measure the flame propagation speed in the inverted L-shaped chamber; The flame image measurement system comprises a high-speed camera arranged outside the experimental chamber (100), and the high-speed camera is used to photograph the flame propagation process through the observation window (102); The temperature measurement system comprises a thermocouple (109) arranged on the top wall of the inverted L-shaped chamber, and the thermocouple (109) is a micro thermocouple.

2. The non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inverted L-shaped chamber comprises a horizontal chamber (105) and a vertical chamber (106); the horizontal chamber (105) and the vertical chamber (106) are interconnected; and a plurality of the gas concentration sensors (101) are evenly spaced on the side walls of the vertical chamber (106) and the horizontal chamber (105).

3. The non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the horizontal chamber (105) is a sandwich structure, which includes a top plate (1051) and a bottom plate (1052); quartz sand (1053) is filled between the top plate (1051) and the bottom plate (1052); a plurality of first air inlet holes (1054) are evenly provided on the top plate (1051); a plurality of second air inlet holes (1055) are evenly provided on the bottom plate (1052); the number of the second air inlet holes (1055) is less than the number of the first air inlet holes (1054); the hydrogen release system (104) is connected to the second air inlet holes (1055); the top plate (1051) is provided with a movable shield plate, which is used to block the first air inlet holes (1054).

4. The non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen release system (104) comprises an air pipe (1041) and a gas distribution column (1042) connected to the air pipe (1041); the gas distribution column (1042) is connected to the second air inlet (1055) via a gas delivery pipe (1043); and a high-precision hydrogen flow meter (1044) is provided on the air pipe (1041).

5. The non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure measurement system comprises at least two pressure sensors (108), and the side walls and the top wall of the horizontal chamber (105) are respectively provided with the pressure sensors (108).

6. The non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ventilation system (103) comprises at least two air outlets, ventilation valves are respectively arranged at the positions of the two air outlets, and the two air outlets are respectively connected to air supply equipment and air exhaust equipment.

7. The non-uniform hydrogen deflagration experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The ion probe measurement system comprises at least three ion probes (110), and the ion probes (110) are arranged on the top wall of the L-shaped chamber and are used to measure the propagation speed of the flame.

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