Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises a battery piece having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; the fine grids are located on the first surface, the fine grids comprise first fine grids and second fine grids which extend in the first direction and are alternately arranged in the second direction, and each fine grid comprises sub-fine grids which are arranged in the first direction at intervals; the insulating parts are positioned on the first surface, cover the first surface between the adjacent sub fine grids in the first direction, and cover the end parts of the adjacent sub fine grids; the plurality of connecting parts are positioned on the first surface and comprise first connecting parts and second connecting parts which extend along a second direction, and in the second direction, the first connecting parts are positioned on one sides, far away from the first surface, of the plurality of insulating parts and are electrically connected with the sub fine grids corresponding to the plurality of second fine grids; the second connecting parts are located on the sides, away from the first surface, of the multiple insulating parts and electrically connected with the sub fine grids corresponding to the multiple first fine grids. The photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the utility model at least facilitates the improvement of the stability of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] At present, with the gradual depletion of fossil energy, solar cells are becoming more and more widely used as a new energy alternative. Solar cells are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy. Solar cells use the photovoltaic principle to generate carriers, and then use electrodes to lead the carriers out, thereby facilitating the effective use of electrical energy.

[0003] IBC cell (Interdigitated Back Contact) refers to a back-contact solar cell structure in which the positive and negative metal electrodes are arranged in a cross-finger-like manner on the back side of the cell, and its pn junction is located on the back side of the cell. The back junction refers to the pn junction being located on the back side of the cell.

[0004] IBC cells are one of the photovoltaic cells with the highest conversion efficiency at present. The cell is based on single crystal silicon. The pn junction and metal electrode are located on the back of the cell. There is no metal electrode to block light on the front, which can obtain very high short-circuit current and conversion efficiency. However, in the process of preparing IBC cells, the problem of battery short circuit is easy to occur. Utility Model Content

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module, which at least helps to improve the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present application, on one hand, the embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic component, including: a battery cell, the battery cell having a first surface and a second surface relative to each other; a plurality of fine grids located on the first surface, the fine grids including a first fine grid and a second fine grid extending along a first direction and alternately arranged along a second direction, each fine grid including a sub-fine grid arranged at intervals along the first direction; a plurality of insulating portions located on the first surface, the insulating portions covering the first surface between adjacent sub-fine grids along the first direction, and covering ends of adjacent sub-fine grids; a plurality of connecting components located on the first surface, the connecting components including a first connecting component and a second connecting component extending along the second direction, along the second direction, the first connecting component is located on a side of the plurality of insulating portions away from the first surface and is electrically connected to the sub-fine grids corresponding to the plurality of second fine grids, and the second connecting component is located on a side of the plurality of insulating portions away from the first surface and is electrically connected to the sub-fine grids corresponding to the plurality of first fine grids.

[0007] In some embodiments, the sub-fine gate includes a fine gate body and a widened portion. In the second direction, the widened portion is larger than the fine gate body, and the connecting component is electrically connected to the sub-fine gate through the widened portion.

[0008] In some embodiments, the sub-fine gate includes a fine gate body and a heightened portion. In a direction perpendicular to the first surface, a height of the heightened portion relative to the first surface is higher than a height of the fine gate body relative to the first surface, and the connecting component is electrically connected to the sub-fine gate through the heightened portion.

[0009] In some embodiments, it also includes: a conductive part, the conductive part includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part, the first conductive part is located between the sub-fine gate corresponding to the first fine gate and the first connecting part, and the second conductive part is located between the sub-fine gate corresponding to the second fine gate and the second connecting part.

[0010] In some embodiments, in a direction perpendicular to the first surface, a height of the conductive portion and the sub-fine gate as a whole relative to the first surface is higher than or flush with a height of the insulating portion relative to the first surface.

[0011] In some embodiments, along the first direction, a width of a gap between adjacent sub-fine gates is greater than a width of a connection feature.

[0012] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the gap width between adjacent sub-fine grids is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

[0013] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the width of the insulating portion is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates, and less than or equal to 3 / 2 of the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates.

[0014] In some embodiments, a partial thickness of the connecting member is encased in the insulating portion.

[0015] In some embodiments, it also includes: an encapsulation layer, which covers the surface of the battery cell; and a cover plate, which covers the surface of the encapsulation layer away from the battery cell.

[0016] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present application has at least the following advantages:

[0017] In the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first surface of the cell has a first fine grid and a second fine grid extending in the first direction and alternately arranged in the second direction, the first fine grid and the second fine grid have different polarities, and are respectively used to collect electrons and holes in the cell. A connecting component is also provided on the cell to collect carriers on the fine grid, and the connecting component includes a first connecting component and a second connecting component, the first connecting component is used to collect carriers on the first fine grid, and the second connecting component is used to collect carriers on the second fine grid, and the first connecting component and the second connecting component correspond to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell, respectively. Each fine grid includes sub-fine grids spaced apart in a first direction, and the insulating portion covers the first surface between the adjacent sub-fine grids in the first direction and the ends of the adjacent sub-fine grids, so that the first connecting component and the sub-fine grid corresponding to the second fine grid (i.e., the second sub-fine grid) can be isolated by the insulating portion, and the second connecting component and the sub-fine grid corresponding to the first fine grid (i.e., the first sub-fine grid) can be isolated by the insulating portion. During the welding process, even if the surface of the first connecting component or the second connecting component melts, the flowing conductive material will not short-circuit with the adjacent opposite-sex fine grid, thereby improving the stability and yield of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the connecting component is in direct electrical contact with the fine grid, which can form a main grid-free structure, reduce the laying of the main grid line, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the battery cell; the main grid-free structure can also shorten the transmission path of the carrier and reduce the series resistance, thereby improving the power of the photovoltaic module. Since the first fine gate is provided with a first sub-fine gate at a plurality of intervals corresponding to the first fine gate, and the second fine gate is provided with a second sub-fine gate at a plurality of intervals corresponding to the first fine gate, the first connecting component will not be in electrical contact with the second sub-fine gate even if it partially passes through the insulating portion. Similarly, the second connecting component will not be in electrical contact with the first sub-fine gate even if it partially passes through the insulating portion, thereby further reducing the possibility of leakage between the connecting component and the opposite-sex fine gate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by the pictures in the corresponding drawings. These exemplified descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the pictures in the drawings do not constitute a scale limitation. In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the traditional technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A top view corresponding to a first surface of a battery cell provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 A partial top view corresponding to a first surface of a battery cell provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A local enlarged top view corresponding to a sub-fine grid provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a battery cell along the extension direction of a sub-fine grid is provided for one embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a battery cell along the extension direction of a connecting component provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 A top view corresponding to a first surface of another battery cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along CC1 direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In a back-contact cell, two polarity grids are staggered and distributed on the same side of the cell, and a connecting component is usually used to connect the grid lines to conduct the current of the back-contact cell. However, when the connecting component is connected in series, the conductive material on the surface of the connecting component is fluid and easily flows to the opposite polarity grid, making the connecting component and the opposite polarity grid conductive, thus causing a short circuit problem, which in turn leads to a decrease in the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0027] In the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first surface of the cell has a first fine grid and a second fine grid extending in the first direction and alternately arranged in the second direction, the first fine grid and the second fine grid have different polarities, and are respectively used to collect electrons and holes in the cell. A connecting component is also provided on the cell to collect carriers on the fine grid, and the connecting component includes a first connecting component and a second connecting component, the first connecting component is used to collect carriers on the first fine grid, and the second connecting component is used to collect carriers on the second fine grid, and the first connecting component and the second connecting component correspond to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell, respectively. Each fine grid includes sub-fine grids spaced apart in a first direction, and the insulating portion covers the first surface between the adjacent sub-fine grids in the first direction and the ends of the adjacent sub-fine grids, so that the first connecting component and the sub-fine grid corresponding to the second fine grid (i.e., the second sub-fine grid) can be isolated by the insulating portion, and the second connecting component and the sub-fine grid corresponding to the first fine grid (i.e., the first sub-fine grid) can be isolated by the insulating portion. During the welding process, even if the surface of the first connecting component or the second connecting component melts, the flowing conductive material will not short-circuit with the adjacent opposite-sex fine grid, thereby improving the stability and yield of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the connecting component is in direct electrical contact with the fine grid, which can form a main grid-free structure, reduce the laying of the main grid line, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the battery cell; the main grid-free structure can also shorten the transmission path of the carrier and reduce the series resistance, thereby improving the power of the photovoltaic module. Since the first fine gate is provided with a first sub-fine gate at a plurality of intervals corresponding to the first fine gate, and the second fine gate is provided with a second sub-fine gate at a plurality of intervals corresponding to the first fine gate, the first connecting component will not be in electrical contact with the second sub-fine gate even if it partially passes through the insulating portion. Similarly, the second connecting component will not be in electrical contact with the first sub-fine gate even if it partially passes through the insulating portion, thereby further reducing the possibility of leakage between the connecting component and the opposite-sex fine gate.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0029] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the embodiments of the present application, the thickness and area of ​​the layer are magnified for better understanding and ease of description. When describing a component (such as a layer, film, region or substrate) on another component or on the surface of another component, the component can be "directly" located on the surface of another component, or there can be a third component between the two components. On the contrary, when describing a component on the surface of another component or when another component is formed or provided on the surface of a component, it means that there is no third component between the two components. In addition, when describing a component as "substantially" formed on another component, it means that the component is not formed on the entire surface (or front surface) of the other component, nor is it formed on a partial edge of the entire surface.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, when a component "includes" another component, unless otherwise specified, other components are not excluded, and other components may be further included. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is referred to as being "on / located on" another component, it may be "directly on" the other component (i.e., located on the surface of the other component with no other components between them), or another component may exist in between. In addition, when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is "directly located on" another component, or when a component such as a layer, film, region, or plate is located on the surface of another component, it means that no other components are located in between.

[0035] The terms used in the description of the various embodiments described herein are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various embodiments described and in the appended claims, "component" is also intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Among them, components include components such as layers, films, regions, or plates.

[0036] The following will describe the various embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the various embodiments of the present application, many technical details are provided in order to enable the reader to better understand the present application. However, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented.

[0037] Figure 1 A top view corresponding to a first surface of a battery cell provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a partial top view corresponding to the first surface of a battery cell provided in one embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 The connecting parts are not shown.

[0038] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, including: Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a battery cell 100 , a plurality of fine grids 200 and a plurality of connecting components 300 , the battery cell 100 has a first surface 101 .

[0039] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, a plurality of fine grids 200 are located on the first surface 101 of the cell 100, the fine grids 200 include a first fine grid 201 and a second fine grid 202 with different polarities, the first fine grid 201 and the second fine grid 202 both extend along the first direction X, and the first fine grid 201 and the second fine grid 202 are alternately arranged along the second direction Y. Each fine grid 200 includes a sub-fine grid 210 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, wherein the sub-fine grid 210 includes a first sub-fine grid 211 and a second sub-fine grid 212, the first sub-fine grid 211 is a sub-fine grid 210 corresponding to the first fine grid 201, and the second sub-fine grid 212 is a sub-fine grid 210 corresponding to the second fine grid 202, and along the second direction Y, a plurality of first sub-fine grids 211 are arranged in an aligned manner, and a plurality of second sub-fine grids 221 are arranged in an aligned manner.

[0040] A plurality of insulating parts 400 are located on the first surface of the cell 100 . The insulating parts 400 cover the first surface 101 between the adjacent sub-fine grids 210 along the first direction X, and cover the ends of the adjacent sub-fine grids 210 .

[0041] The plurality of connection members 300 are located on the first surface 101 of the battery cell 100. The connection members 300 include a first connection member 301 and a second connection member 302. The first connection member 301 and the second connection member 302 both extend along the second direction Y, and the first connection member 301 and the second connection member 302 are alternately arranged along the first direction X. Along the second direction Y, the first connection member 301 is located on a side of the plurality of insulating portions 400 away from the first surface 101 and is electrically connected to the sub-fine gates 210 (i.e., the second sub-fine gates 212) corresponding to the plurality of second fine gates 202. The second connection member 302 is located on a side of the plurality of insulating portions 400 away from the first surface 101 and is electrically connected to the sub-fine gates 210 (i.e., the first sub-fine gates 211) corresponding to the plurality of first fine gates 201.

[0042] In the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first surface 101 of the cell 100 has a first fine grid 201 and a second fine grid 202 extending along the first direction X and alternately arranged along the second direction Y. The first fine grid 201 and the second fine grid 202 have different polarities and are respectively used to collect electrons and holes in the cell 100. A connecting component 300 is also provided on the cell 100 for collecting carriers on the fine grid 200. The connecting component 300 includes a first connecting component 301 and a second connecting component 302. The first connecting component 301 is used to collect carriers on the first fine grid 201, and the second connecting component 302 is used to collect carriers on the second fine grid 202. The first connecting component 301 and the second connecting component 302 correspond to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell 100, respectively. Each fine grid 200 includes sub-fine grids 210 spaced apart along the first direction X, and the insulating portion 400 covers the first surface 101 between the sub-fine grids 210 adjacent to each other along the first direction X and the ends of the adjacent sub-fine grids 210. Thus, the first connecting component 301 and the sub-fine grids 210 corresponding to the second fine grid 202 (i.e., the second sub-fine grid 212) can be isolated by the insulating portion 400, and the second connecting component 302 and the sub-fine grid 210 corresponding to the first fine grid 201 (i.e., the first sub-fine grid 211) can be isolated by the insulating portion 400. During the welding process, even if the surface of the first connecting component 301 or the second connecting component 302 melts, the flowing conductive material will not short-circuit with the adjacent opposite-sex fine grids 200, thereby improving the stability and yield of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the connecting component 300 is in direct electrical contact with the fine grid 200, which can form a busbar-free structure, reduce the laying of the busbar line, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the solar cell 100; the busbar-free structure can also shorten the transmission path of the carrier and reduce the series resistance, thereby improving the power of the photovoltaic module. Since the first fine grid 201 is provided with a plurality of first sub-fine grids 211 corresponding to the intervals along the first direction X, and the second fine grid 202 is provided with a plurality of second sub-fine grids 212 corresponding to the intervals along the first direction X, in this way, even if the first connecting component 301 partially penetrates the insulating portion 400, it will not be in electrical contact with the second sub-fine grid 212. Similarly, even if the second connecting component 302 partially penetrates the insulating portion 400, it will not be in electrical contact with the first sub-fine grid 211, thereby further reducing the possibility of leakage between the connecting component 300 and the opposite-sex fine grid 200.

[0043] Figure 3 A locally enlarged top view corresponding to a sub-fine grid provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0044] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figure 1 and Figure 3The sub-fine gate 210 may include a fine gate body 214 and a widened portion 213. In the second direction Y, the widened portion 213 is larger than the fine gate body 214. The connecting component 300 is electrically connected to the sub-fine gate 210 through the widened portion 213. The sub-fine gate 210 may be a first sub-fine gate 211 or a second sub-fine gate 212.

[0045] By setting the width of the widened portion 213 to be greater than the width of the fine grid body 214, it is advantageous to increase the contact area between the widened portion 213 and the connecting component 300, reduce the contact resistance between the sub-fine grid 210 and the connecting component 300, improve the efficiency of electrical transmission, and thus improve the power of the photovoltaic module. When the first surface 101 of the cell 100 is used as the light-receiving surface, for the sub-fine grid 210, only the size of the widened portion 213 is set to be larger, and the size of the fine grid body 214 is smaller, which can avoid the overall size of the sub-fine grid 210 from blocking sunlight, thereby facilitating the first surface 101 of the cell 100 to have a higher light-receiving area, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0046] In some embodiments, the size of the widened portion 213 is larger than the size of the connecting component 300 along the first direction X. In this way, even if the connecting component 300 is offset along the first direction X, it can still be electrically contacted with the widened portion 213, so that the sub-fine grid 210 is electrically connected to the connecting component 300, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a battery cell along the extension direction of a sub-fine grid is provided for one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a battery cell along the extension direction of a connecting component provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 The cross-sectional structure diagram shown can be referred to Figure 1 The direction shown by AA1, Figure 5 The cross-sectional structure diagram shown can be referred to Figure 1 The direction shown by BB1.

[0048] In some embodiments, in conjunction with reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The sub-fine gate 210 may include a fine gate body 214 and a heightened portion 215. In a direction perpendicular to the first surface 101, the height of the heightened portion 215 relative to the first surface 101 is higher than the height of the fine gate body 214 relative to the first surface 101. The connecting component 300 is electrically connected to the sub-fine gate 210 via the heightened portion 215. The sub-fine gate 210 may be a first sub-fine gate 211 or a second sub-fine gate 212.

[0049] refer to Figure 1, the connection component 300 needs to be in electrical contact with the sub-fine gate 210 of the same polarity to collect the carriers on the corresponding sub-fine gate 210. However, the sub-fine gate 210 also has an insulating portion 400 on the first surface 101 on both sides along the second direction Y. The insulating portion 400 will increase the gap distance between the connection component 300 and the first surface 101, thereby making it difficult for the connection component 300 to contact the sub-fine gate 210. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 By setting the height of the heightened portion 215 higher than the height of the fine grid body 214, the heightened portion 215 can be more easily contacted with the connecting component 300, so that the sub-fine grid 210 is electrically connected to the connecting component 300 through the heightened portion 215, thereby avoiding the problem that the connecting component 300 and the sub-fine grid 210 cannot contact each other and cause the efficiency of the cell 100 to decrease. When the first surface 101 of the cell 100 is used as the light-receiving surface, only the height of the heightened portion 215 relative to the first surface 101 is set to be larger, and the height of the fine grid body 214 relative to the first surface 101 is set to be smaller, so that the overall height of the sub-fine grid 210 is higher and causes the sun to be blocked, which is conducive to maintaining a higher light-receiving area on the first surface 101 of the cell 100, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0050] In some embodiments, in a direction perpendicular to the first surface 101, the height of the heightened portion 215 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the insulating portion 400. Thus, even if the insulating portion 400 increases the distance between the connecting member 300 and the first surface 101, the heightened portion 215 can still contact the connecting member 300, thereby electrically connecting the sub-fine grid 210 to the connecting member 300, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0051] In some embodiments, when the sub-fine gate 210 includes the fine gate body 214 and the widened portion 213, the height of the widened portion 213 relative to the first surface 101 may be increased, so that the height of the widened portion 213 relative to the first surface 101 is higher than the height of the fine gate body 214. In some embodiments, when the sub-fine gate 210 includes the fine gate body 214 and the heightened portion 215, the dimension of the heightened portion 215 along the second direction Y may be widened, so that the dimension of the heightened portion 215 along the second direction Y is greater than the dimension of the fine gate body 214 along the second direction Y.

[0052] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the cell 100 includes a second surface 102 opposite to the first surface 101, the first surface 101 is used as the backlight surface, and the second surface 102 is used as the light-receiving surface, that is, the cell 100 is a single-sided cell. In some embodiments, both the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 can be used as the light-receiving surface, that is, the cell 100 is a double-sided cell.

[0053] In some embodiments, the cell 100 can be a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell or a multi-compound solar cell. The multi-compound solar cell can specifically be a cadmium sulfide solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, a copper indium selenide solar cell or a perovskite solar cell.

[0054] In some embodiments, the cell may include a substrate, a first passivation layer, and a second passivation layer. The first passivation layer is located on a side surface of the substrate, and the second passivation layer is located on a surface of the substrate away from the first passivation layer. The surface of the first passivation layer away from the substrate is used as the first surface, and the surface of the second passivation layer away from the substrate is used as the second surface. The first passivation layer and the substrate also include a first doping layer and a second doping layer arranged at intervals. The first fine grid penetrates the first passivation layer and is in electrical contact with the first doping layer, and the second fine grid penetrates the first passivation layer and is in electrical contact with the second doping layer. The substrate is used to receive incident light and generate photogenerated carriers, and the first fine grid and the second fine grid are used to collect photogenerated carriers. The first passivation layer and the second passivation layer can prevent oxidation or corrosion of the substrate surface, thereby improving the stability and life of the cell.

[0055] In some embodiments, the material of the first passivation layer may include at least one of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The first passivation layer may be a single-layer structure or a stacked-layer structure, for example, the single-layer structure may be a single-layer aluminum oxide film layer, a single-layer silicon oxide film layer, a single-layer silicon nitride film layer, or a single-layer silicon oxynitride film layer; the stacked-layer structure may be composed of at least two film layers stacked among an aluminum oxide film layer, a silicon oxide film layer, a silicon nitride film layer, or a silicon oxynitride film layer.

[0056] In some embodiments, the material of the second passivation layer may include at least one of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. The second passivation layer may be a single-layer structure or a stacked-layer structure, for example, the single-layer structure may be a single-layer aluminum oxide film layer, a single-layer silicon oxide film layer, a single-layer silicon nitride film layer, or a single-layer silicon oxynitride film layer; the stacked-layer structure may be composed of at least two film layers stacked among an aluminum oxide film layer, a silicon oxide film layer, a silicon nitride film layer, or a silicon oxynitride film layer.

[0057] In some embodiments, the material of the substrate may be at least one of single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or microcrystalline silicon.

[0058] In some embodiments, the substrate may be an N-type semiconductor substrate or a P-type semiconductor substrate. The N-type semiconductor substrate is doped with an N-type doping element, which may be any one of the V-group elements such as phosphorus (P), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), or arsenic (As). The P-type semiconductor substrate is doped with a P-type element, which may be any one of the III-group elements such as boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), or indium (In).

[0059] In some embodiments, the material of the first doping layer and the material of the second doping layer may each include at least one of amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or silicon carbide.

[0060] In some embodiments, the type of doping element in the first doping layer is the same as the type of doping element in the substrate, and the type of doping element in the second doping layer is different from the type of doping element in the substrate. In some embodiments, the type of doping element in the first doping layer is different from the type of doping element in the substrate, and the type of doping element in the second doping layer is the same as the type of doping element in the substrate.

[0061] In some embodiments, the surface of the substrate close to the second passivation layer may have a suede structure, the second passivation layer conformally covers the substrate, and the corresponding second surface has a suede structure. For example, the suede structure may be a pyramid-structured suede, which can enhance the substrate's absorption and utilization rate of incident light, thereby facilitating the improvement of the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0062] In some embodiments, there may be a first tunneling layer between the first doping layer and the substrate, and there may be a second tunneling layer between the second doping layer and the substrate. The first tunneling layer and the second tunneling layer may play a chemical passivation effect. Due to the presence of interface state defects on the substrate surface, the first tunneling layer and the second tunneling layer may saturate the dangling bonds on the substrate surface, reduce the defect state density on the substrate surface, and reduce the recombination center on the substrate surface to reduce the recombination rate of carriers, so that the interface state density on the substrate surface is larger, and the filling factor, short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage of the cell are increased to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. The first doping layer and the second doping layer may have a field passivation effect. The first doping layer and the second doping layer may form an electrostatic field, so that minority carriers escape from the interface, reduce the concentration of minority carriers, and make the carrier recombination rate at the substrate interface lower, thereby increasing the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and filling factor of the cell, and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell.

[0063] In some embodiments, the material of the first tunneling layer and the material of the second tunneling layer may each include at least one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, or magnesium fluoride.

[0064] Figure 6A top view corresponding to the first surface of another battery cell provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] In some embodiments, reference Figure 6 The photovoltaic module may also include: a conductive part 500, the conductive part 500 includes a first conductive part 501 and a second conductive part 502, the first conductive part 501 is located between the sub-fine grid 210 (i.e., the first sub-fine grid 211) corresponding to the first fine grid 201 and the first connecting part 301, and the second conductive part 502 is located between the sub-fine grid 210 (i.e., the second sub-fine grid 221) corresponding to the second fine grid 202 and the second connecting part 302.

[0066] Since the sub-fine grid 210 also has an insulating portion 400 on the first surface 101 on both sides along the second direction Y, the insulating portion 400 will cause the gap distance between the connecting component 300 and the first surface 101 to increase, thereby making it difficult for the connecting component 300 to contact the sub-fine grid 210. By providing a conductive portion 500 as an electrical transmission medium between the sub-fine grid 210 and the connecting component 300, the problem of disconnection caused by the inability to contact between the connecting component 300 and the sub-fine grid 210 can be avoided, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0067] In some embodiments, the material of the conductive part 500 can be conductive glue, which can not only serve as an electrical transmission medium between the sub-fine grid 210 and the connecting component 300, but also be used to fix the connecting component 300 on the first surface 101 of the battery cell 100, thereby helping to improve the stability of the connecting component 300 on the battery cell 100 and improve the yield of the photovoltaic module.

[0068] In some embodiments, the material of the conductive part 500 may be low-temperature solder, such as solder paste, so that the connecting component 300 may be fixed to the first surface 101 of the battery cell 100 by welding.

[0069] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along CC1 direction.

[0070] In some embodiments, reference Figure 7 , in a direction perpendicular to the first surface 101, the height of the conductive part 500 and the sub-fine grid 210 as a whole relative to the first surface 101 is higher than or flush with the height of the insulating part 400 relative to the first surface 101. In this way, even if the insulating part 400 causes the distance between the connecting component 300 and the first surface 101 to increase, the conductive part 500 can still contact the connecting component 300, so that the sub-fine grid 210 is electrically connected to the connecting component 300, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0071] It should be noted that the height of the conductive part 500 and the sub-fine gate 210 as a whole relative to the first surface 101 refers to the distance between the highest point of the top surface of the conductive part 500 and the first surface 101 when the conductive part 500 covers the sub-fine gate 210, taking the first surface 101 as a reference surface. The height of the insulating part 400 relative to the first surface 101 refers to the distance between the highest point of the top surface of the insulating part 400 and the first surface 101, taking the first surface 101 as a reference surface. The height of the conductive part 500 and the sub-fine gate 210 as a whole is higher than or flush with the height of the insulating part 400, which refers to the relationship between the highest point of the top surface of the conductive part 500 and the highest point of the top surface of the insulating part 400, taking the first surface 101 as a reference surface.

[0072] In some embodiments, the gap width between adjacent sub-fine grids 210 is greater than the width of the connecting member 300 along the first direction X. It is understandable that the connecting member 300 may penetrate a portion of the thickness of the insulating portion 400. When the gap width between adjacent sub-fine grids 210 is greater than the width of the connecting member 300, the problem of the connecting member 300 being in electrical contact with the opposite sub-fine grid 210 after penetrating the insulating portion 400 can be avoided as much as possible, thereby facilitating the improvement of the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0073] In some embodiments, along the first direction X, the gap width between adjacent sub-fine grids 210 is greater than or equal to 2 mm. For example, the gap width between adjacent sub-fine grids 210 may be 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.8 mm or 3 mm.

[0074] In some embodiments, along the second direction Y, the width of the insulating portion 400 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates 210, and less than or equal to 3 / 2 of the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates 210. For example, along the second direction Y, the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates 210 is A, and the width B of the insulating portion 400 satisfies 1 / 2×A≤B≤3 / 2×A, and specifically can be 1 / 2×A, A, or 3 / 2×A, etc. It can be understood that the wider the width of the insulating portion 400 is, the closer the distance between the corresponding sub-fine gate 210 and the insulating portion 400 is. Since the insulating portion 400 will cause the gap distance between the connecting component 300 and the first surface 101 to increase, if the distance between the sub-fine gate 210 and the insulating portion 400 is closer, it is less likely for the connecting component 300 to contact the sub-fine gate 210. Therefore, the width of the insulating portion 400 needs to be within an appropriate range to facilitate the connecting component 300 to contact the sub-fine gate 210 through the gap between adjacent insulating portions 400, so that the sub-fine gate 210 can be electrically connected to the connecting component 300.

[0075] In some embodiments, the gap width between adjacent sub-fine grids 210 may be 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.2 mm or 2.5 mm.

[0076] In some embodiments, the material of the fine gate 200 may be at least one of copper, silver, nickel, or aluminum.

[0077] In some embodiments, the connecting component 300 may be composed of a conductive layer and a welding layer wrapping the surface of the conductive layer, wherein the material of the conductive layer includes conductive materials with good conductivity such as copper, nickel, gold, silver, or alloy materials with low resistivity; the material of the welding layer includes materials with low melting points such as tin-zinc alloy, tin-bismuth alloy, or tin-indium alloy.

[0078] In some embodiments, the insulating part 400 may be a thermosetting, air-curing or light-curing insulating adhesive, specifically polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, polybutadiene acid, silicone, polyesterimide and polyimide. The insulating adhesive used as the material of the insulating part 400 can not only insulate the connection component 300 from the heterogeneous fine grid 200, but also play a role in fixing the connection component 300, so that the connection component 300 is more stably fixed on the first surface 101 of the battery cell 100, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0079] In some embodiments, the connection component 300 of partial thickness may be wrapped in the insulating part 400. It is understandable that during the curing process of the insulating part 400 or the subsequent process, the insulating part 400 may not be completely cured or melted, so that the connection component 300 is wrapped in the insulating part 400. Since the opposite-sex fine grid 200 below the connection component 300 is broken into a plurality of sub-fine grids 210, even if the connection component 300 passes through the insulating part 400, it is not easy to cause leakage problems between the connection component 300 and the opposite-sex sub-fine grids 210, thereby improving the stability of the photovoltaic module.

[0080] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module may further include: an encapsulation layer, the encapsulation layer covers the surface of the solar cell; and a cover plate, the cover plate covers the surface of the encapsulation layer away from the solar cell.

[0081] In some embodiments, the material of the encapsulation layer may be an organic encapsulation film such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) film, polyethylene octene elastomer (POE) film or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film.

[0082] In some embodiments, the cover plate may be a glass cover plate, a plastic cover plate or the like with light-transmitting function. In some embodiments, the surface of the cover plate facing the encapsulation layer may be a concave-convex surface, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the incident light.

[0083] In the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first surface 101 of the cell 100 has a first fine grid 201 and a second fine grid 202 extending along the first direction X and alternately arranged along the second direction Y. The first fine grid 201 and the second fine grid 202 have different polarities and are respectively used to collect electrons and holes in the cell 100. A connecting component 300 is also provided on the cell 100 for collecting carriers on the fine grid 200. The connecting component 300 includes a first connecting component 301 and a second connecting component 302. The first connecting component 301 is used to collect carriers on the first fine grid 201, and the second connecting component 302 is used to collect carriers on the second fine grid 202, that is, the first connecting component 301 and the second connecting component 302 correspond to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell 100, respectively. Each fine grid 200 includes sub-fine grids 210 spaced apart along the first direction X, and the insulating portion 400 covers the first surface 101 between the sub-fine grids 210 adjacent to each other along the first direction X and the ends of the adjacent sub-fine grids 210. Thus, the first connecting component 301 and the sub-fine grids 210 corresponding to the second fine grid 202 (i.e., the second sub-fine grid 212) can be isolated by the insulating portion 400, and the second connecting component 302 and the sub-fine grid 210 corresponding to the first fine grid 201 (i.e., the first sub-fine grid 211) can be isolated by the insulating portion 400. During the welding process, even if the surface of the first connecting component 301 or the second connecting component 302 melts, the flowing conductive material will not short-circuit with the adjacent opposite-sex fine grids 200, thereby improving the stability and yield of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the connecting component 300 is in direct electrical contact with the fine grid 200, which can form a busbar-free structure, reduce the laying of the busbar line, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the solar cell 100; the busbar-free structure can also shorten the transmission path of the carrier and reduce the series resistance, thereby improving the power of the photovoltaic module. Since the first fine grid 201 is provided with a plurality of first sub-fine grids 211 corresponding to the intervals along the first direction X, and the second fine grid 202 is provided with a plurality of second sub-fine grids 212 corresponding to the intervals along the first direction X, in this way, even if the first connecting component 301 partially penetrates the insulating portion 400, it will not be in electrical contact with the second sub-fine grid 212. Similarly, even if the second connecting component 302 partially penetrates the insulating portion 400, it will not be in electrical contact with the first sub-fine grid 211, thereby further reducing the possibility of leakage between the connecting component 300 and the opposite-sex fine grid 200.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present application, and in practical applications, various changes may be made to the embodiments in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Any person skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and therefore the scope of protection of the present application shall be subject to the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A battery cell, the battery cell having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; A plurality of fine grids located on the first surface, the fine grids comprising first fine grids and second fine grids extending along a first direction and alternately arranged along a second direction, each of the fine grids comprising sub-fine grids spaced apart along the first direction; a plurality of insulating portions located on the first surface, the insulating portions covering the first surface between the adjacent sub-fine gates along the first direction and covering ends of the adjacent sub-fine gates; A plurality of connection components are located on the first surface, and the connection components include a first connection component and a second connection component extending along a second direction. Along the second direction, the first connection component is located on a side of the plurality of insulating portions away from the first surface and is electrically connected to sub-fine gates corresponding to the plurality of second fine gates, and the second connection component is located on a side of the plurality of insulating portions away from the first surface and is electrically connected to the sub-fine gates corresponding to the plurality of first fine gates.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-fine gate includes a fine gate body and a widened portion. Along the second direction, the widened portion has a size greater than that of the fine gate body. The connecting component is electrically connected to the sub-fine gate through the widened portion.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sub-fine gate includes a fine gate body and a heightened portion. In a direction perpendicular to the first surface, the height of the heightened portion relative to the first surface is higher than the height of the fine gate body relative to the first surface. The connecting component is electrically connected to the sub-fine gate through the heightened portion.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The conductive part includes a first conductive part and a second conductive part, the first conductive part is located between the sub-fine grid corresponding to the first fine grid and the first connecting part, and the second conductive part is located between the sub-fine grid corresponding to the second fine grid and the second connecting part.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that: In a direction perpendicular to the first surface, a height of the conductive portion and the sub-fine gate as a whole relative to the first surface is higher than or flush with a height of the insulating portion relative to the first surface.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first direction, the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates is greater than the width of the connection component.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: Along the first direction, the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine grids is greater than or equal to 2 mm.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the second direction, the width of the insulating portion is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates, and less than or equal to 3 / 2 of the width of the gap between adjacent sub-fine gates.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partial thickness of the connecting component is wrapped in the insulating portion.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An encapsulation layer, the encapsulation layer covers the surface of the battery cell; A cover plate covers a surface of the packaging layer away from the battery cell.

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